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Mukhtar A, Saqib S, Mohotti D, Ndeddy Aka RJ, Hossain M, Agyekum-Oduro E, Wu S. Non-thermal plasma-catalytic processes for CO 2 conversion toward circular economy: fundamentals, current status, and future challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34751-3. [PMID: 39179888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Practical and energy-efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to value-added and fuel-graded products and transitioning from fossil fuels are promising ways to cope with climate change and to enable the circular economy. The carbon circular economy aims to capture, utilize, and minimize CO2 emissions as much as possible. To cope with the thermodynamic stability and highly endothermic nature of CO2 conversion via conventional thermochemical process, the potential application of non-thermal plasma (NTP) with the catalyst, i.e., the hybrid plasma catalysis process to achieve the synergistic effects, in most cases, seems to promise alternatives under non-equilibrium conditions. This review focuses on the NTP fundamentals and comparison with conventional technologies. A critical review has been conducted on the CO2 reduction with water (H2O), methane (CH4) reduction with CO2 to syngas (CO + H2), CO2 dissociation to carbon monoxide (CO), CO2 hydrogenation, CO2 conversion to organic acids, and one-step CO2-CH4 reforming to the liquid chemicals. Finally, future challenges are discussed comprehensively, indicating that plasma catalysis has immense investigative areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA
| | - Dinithi Mohotti
- Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Robinson Jr Ndeddy Aka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA
| | - Mokter Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA
| | - Ekow Agyekum-Oduro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA
| | - Sarah Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA.
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Bhatt KP, Patel S, Upadhyay DS, Patel RN. In-depth analysis of the effect of catalysts on plasma technologies for treatment of various wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118335. [PMID: 37329581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Energy security and waste management are gaining global attention. The modern world is producing a large amount of liquid and solid waste as a result of the increasing population and industrialization. A circular economy encourages the conversion of waste to energy and other value-added products. Waste processing requires a sustainable route for a healthy society and clean environment. One of the emerging solutions for waste treatment is plasma technology. It converts waste into syngas, oil, and char/slag depending on the thermal/non-thermal processes. Most of all the types of carbonaceous wastes can be treated by plasma processes. The addition of a catalyst to the plasma process is a developing field as plasma processes are energy intensive. This paper covers the detailed concept of plasma and catalysis. It comprises various types of plasma (non-thermal and thermal) and catalysts (zeolites, oxides, and salts) which have been used for waste treatment. Catalyst addition improves gas yield and hydrogen selectivity at moderate temperatures. Depending on the properties of the catalyst and type of plasma, comprehensive points are listed for the selection of the right catalyst for a plasma process. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the research in the field of waste-to-energy using plasma-catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangana P Bhatt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Darshit S Upadhyay
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, S.G, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh N Patel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, S.G, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
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Ahasan MR, Hossain MM, Barlow Z, Ding X, Wang R. Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane over CeO 2 Nanorod-Supported NiO Catalysts in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44984-44995. [PMID: 37703171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonthermal plasma (NTP)-assisted catalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) is considered a powerful single-stage reaction mechanism because of its ability to activate normally stable CO2 and CH4 at a low temperature under ambient conditions. The thermodynamic barrier of DRM requires a high operating temperature (>700 °C), which can be reduced by nonequilibrium plasma. Herein, we present a method for the wet-impregnation synthesis of CeO2 nanorod (NR)-supported 5 and 15 wt % NiO catalysts for efficient NTP-promoted DRM with an applied power in the range of 24.9-25.8 W (frequency: 20 kHz), a CH4:CO2 feed gas ratio of 100:250 sccm, and a total flow rate of 350 sccm. The presence of NTP dramatically increased the reaction activity, even at 150 °C, which is usually inaccessible for thermally catalyzed DRM. The CH4 and CO2 conversion reaches a maximum of 66 and 48%, respectively, at 500 °C with the 15 wt % NiO/CeO2 NR catalyst, which are much higher than the values obtained for the 5 wt % NiO/CeO2 NR catalyst under the same conditions. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy profile for 15 wt % NiO/CeO2 NR, a higher concentration of NiO on CeO2 increases the proportion of Ce3+ in the catalyst, suggesting enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration with an increased amount of NiO loading. Additionally, a higher NiO loading promotes a higher rate of replacement of Ce4+ with Ni2+, which generates more oxygen vacancies due to the induced charge imbalance and lattice distortion within the CeO2 lattice. As a result, it can be inferred that the incorporation of Ni ions into the CeO2 structure resulted in inhibited growth of CeO2 crystals due to the creation of a NixCe1-xO2-α solid solution and the production of oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Robayet Ahasan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Md Monir Hossain
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Zephyr Barlow
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Xiang Ding
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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He W, Xu B, Lang L, Yang W, Liu H, Zhan H, Xie J, Yin X, Wu C. Exploring Simultaneous Upgrading and Purification of Biomass−Gasified Gases Using Plasma Catalysis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tar and substantial CH4 and CO2 are contained in gasified fuels, which pose an obstacle to direct chemical synthesis, and this is a predominant challenge for biomass gasification technology. Herein, a packed−bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was built for simultaneous CH4 dry reforming and tar removal with a La−Ni/γ−Al2O3 catalyst. The interaction between CH4 dry reforming and tar removal in plasma catalysis was investigated. The results indicated that plasma catalysis can achieve high−efficiency simultaneous tar removal and CH4 dry reforming, as indicated by the reactants’ conversion (14% increase for CCH4 and CCO2 at 450 °C in the presence of tar and a 37% increase for the tar removal rate at 360 °C when CH4 and CO2 were introduced), and the mechanism for mutual promotion of CH4 dry reforming and tar removal was elucidated through catalyst characterization results. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism for tar removal via plasma catalysis was proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for simultaneous upgrading and purification of gases generated by biomass gasification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Lang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenshen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huacai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiuli Yin
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuangzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Velty A, Corma A. Advanced zeolite and ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts for the conversion of CO 2 to chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1773-1946. [PMID: 36786224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
For many years, capturing, storing or sequestering CO2 from concentrated emission sources or from air has been a powerful technique for reducing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the use of CO2 as a C1 building block to mitigate CO2 emissions and, at the same time, produce sustainable chemicals or fuels is a challenging and promising alternative to meet global demand for chemicals and energy. Hence, the chemical incorporation and conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals has received much attention in the last decade, since CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable, and renewable one-carbon building block. Nevertheless, CO2 is the most oxidized form of carbon, thermodynamically the most stable form and kinetically inert. Consequently, the chemical conversion of CO2 requires highly reactive, rich-energy substrates, highly stable products to be formed or harder reaction conditions. The use of catalysts constitutes an important tool in the development of sustainable chemistry, since catalysts increase the rate of the reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy in the reaction. Therefore, special attention has been paid to catalysis, and in particular to heterogeneous catalysis because of its environmentally friendly and recyclable nature attributed to simple separation and recovery, as well as its applicability to continuous reactor operations. Focusing on heterogeneous catalysts, we decided to center on zeolite and ordered mesoporous materials due to their high thermal and chemical stability and versatility, which make them good candidates for the design and development of catalysts for CO2 conversion. In the present review, we analyze the state of the art in the last 25 years and the potential opportunities for using zeolite and OMS (ordered mesoporous silica) based materials to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals essential for our daily lives and fuels, and to pave the way towards reducing carbon footprint. In this review, we have compiled, to the best of our knowledge, the different reactions involving catalysts based on zeolites and OMS to convert CO2 into cyclic and dialkyl carbonates, acyclic carbamates, 2-oxazolidones, carboxylic acids, methanol, dimethylether, methane, higher alcohols (C2+OH), C2+ (gasoline, olefins and aromatics), syngas (RWGS, dry reforming of methane and alcohols), olefins (oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes) and simple fuels by photoreduction. The use of advanced zeolite and OMS-based materials, and the development of new processes and technologies should provide a new impulse to boost the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Velty
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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Zhang S, Han W, Hu X, Sun H, Fan Z, Shao T. Supported bimetallic hydrogenation catalysts treated by non-thermal plasmas. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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7
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Recent progress in plasma-catalytic conversion of CO2 to chemicals and fuels. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Qi C, Xing Y, Yu H, Bi Y, Zhou P, Wu H, Guo R, Zhang H, Wu M, Wu W. Plasma-Assisted Cu/PCN for the Reforming of CH 4 and O 2 into C 2+ Liquid Chemicals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Xing
- Luoyang R & D Center of Technology of Sinopec Engineering (Group) CO., LTD., Luoyang471003, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Yifu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Hangkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
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Efficient Utilization of Hydrocarbon Mixture to Produce Aromatics over Zn/ZSM-5 and Physically Mixed with ZSM-5. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixture of saturated and unsaturated light hydrocarbon was used as feed gas for the production of aromatics. Natural gas liquids (NGL) from gas fields and hydrocarbon molecules obtained in the middle of conversion processes could be considered a kind of light hydrocarbon mixture. Therefore, for the conversion of the mixture into aromatics compounds, Zn-impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and evaluated by employing different loading of Zn. In addition, the catalytic performance was tested and compared by charging physically mixed two different kinds of catalysts in the bed. The NH3-TPD result showed that the impregnation of Zn led to an increase in the number of medium-strength acid sites, whereas those of weak and strong acid sites were decreased. From the results of the catalytic activity tests, 0.5Zn/ZSM-5 showed the highest aromatics yield. As the amount of Zn loading was further increased to 1 wt.%, the yield of aromatics decreased. The test result in the case of the physically mixed catalysts showed a slightly lower yield in terms of total aromatics, but showed the highest BTX yield. To reveal the relative contribution of each hydrocarbon conversion to aromatics yield, each C2 compound was separately tested for aromatization over Zn/ZSM-5.
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10
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Cheng H, Liu D, Ostrikov K(K. Synergistic CO2 plasma catalysis: CO production pathways and effects of vibrationally excited species. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Mei D, Duan G, Fu J, Liu S, Zhou R, Zhou R, Fang Z, Cullen PJ, Ostrikov K(K. CO2 reforming of CH4 in single and double dielectric barrier discharge reactors: Comparison of discharge characteristics and product distribution. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Revealing the active sites of the structured Ni-based catalysts for one-step CO2/CH4 conversion into oxygenates by plasma-catalysis. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Recent Developments in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni-Based Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The greenhouse effect is leading to global warming and destruction of the ecological environment. The conversion of carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases into valuable substances has attracted scientists’ attentions. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) alleviates environmental problems and converts CO2 and CH4 into valuable chemical substances; however, due to the high energy input to break the strong chemical bonds in CO2 and CH4, non-thermal plasma (NTP) catalyzed DRM has been promising in activating CO2 at ambient conditions, thus greatly lowering the energy input; moreover, the synergistic effect of the catalyst and plasma improves the reaction efficiency. In this review, the recent developments of catalytic DRM in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor on Ni-based catalysts are summarized, including the concept, characteristics, generation, and types of NTP used for catalytic DRM and corresponding mechanisms, the synergy and performance of Ni-based catalysts with DBD plasma, the design of DBD reactor and process parameter optimization, and finally current challenges and future prospects are provided.
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Shahnazi A, Firoozi S. Improving the catalytic performance of LaNiO3 perovskite by manganese substitution via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for dry reforming of methane. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lašič Jurković D, Liu JL, Pohar A, Likozar B. Methane Dry Reforming over Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst in Spark Plasma Reactor: Linking Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Reaction Kinetic Modelling. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Yao X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Chen M, Shangguan W. Plasma-Catalytic Conversion of CO 2 and H 2O into H 2, CO, and Traces of CH 4 over NiO/Cordierite Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Wei
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Ray D, Chawdhury P, Subrahmanyam C. Promising Utilization of CO 2 for Syngas Production over Mg 2+- and Ce 2+-Promoted Ni/γ-Al 2O 3 Assisted by Nonthermal Plasma. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14040-14050. [PMID: 32566870 PMCID: PMC7301564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dry reforming of methane is conducted in a catalyst packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor aiming to improve the reaction efficiency. The MgO- and CeO2-promoted Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is tested to carry out the reaction. An interesting observation is that Ni/MgO_Al2O3 integration provides ∼35 and 13% conversion of CH4 and CO2, respectively. The highest syngas ratio of 0.94 is obtained with Ni/MgO_Al2O3, whereas the ratio is only 0.57 with Ni/CeO2_Al2O3 and 0.64 with bare DBD. In addition, Ni/CeO2_Al2O3 offers the highest selectivity (68%) of CO due to the oxygen buffer property of CeO2. Finally, the optimal acid/base property is highly desirable for the dry reforming reaction.
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18
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Chen T, Yu J, Ma C, Bikane K, Sun L. Catalytic performance and debromination of Fe-Ni bimetallic MCM-41 catalyst for the two-stage pyrolysis of waste computer casing plastic. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125964. [PMID: 32004884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A computer casing plastic waste containing brominated flame retardants (BFRs) was pyrolyzed in a two-stage vertical quartz tube reactor using iron and nickel metals modified MCM-41 catalysts. Various catalysts with different ratios of Fe and Ni were prepared and utilized to study their catalytic performance. At the presence of 20%Ni/MCM-41 catalyst, the pyrolytic yield of oil and gas reached maximum values of 49.9 wt% and 13.8 wt% respectively. The co-existence of Fe and Ni showed synergistic effect on oil composition by promoting the formation of valuable single ring hydrocarbons. With regard to the 15%Fe-5%Ni/MCM-41, 10%Fe-10%Ni/MCM-41 and 5%Fe-15%Ni/MCM-41 catalysts, the production of single ring hydrocarbons were 64.58%, 65.93% and 64.74% respectively. The bimetallic catalysts also exhibited remarkable effect on eliminating bromine from pyrolytic oil. At the presence of Fe-Ni/MCM-41, the bromine in pyrolytic oil was reduced to below 4 wt% compared with 10 wt% without catalyst. Higher amounts of Fe in the catalyst is beneficial for the debromination efficiency. The debromination process by the Fe-Ni/MCM-41 may be realized by these different mechanisms: catalytic cracking of organobromines, reaction of loaded metal oxides with HBr/SbBr3, and deposition of organobromines on the surface of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Kagiso Bikane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Mehta P, Barboun PM, Engelmann Y, Go DB, Bogaerts A, Schneider WF, Hicks JC. Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis beyond the Equilibrium Limit. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Mehta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Patrick M. Barboun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yannick Engelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - David B. Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Department of Chemistry, Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - William F. Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jason C. Hicks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Wang A, Meng S, Song H. Non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic conversion of light alkanes into high value-added liquid chemicals under near ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5263-5266. [PMID: 32270821 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported a novel non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic transformation of light hydrocarbons over Ti-Ga/UZSM-5, which gives 47.8 C% of liquid products, with C6-C9 iso-alkanes being the major components, and limited coke (5.5 C%). Combining the plasma with a photocatalyst displays great potential to produce gasoline range chemicals from low-cost gaseous hydrocarbons under near ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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21
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Alawi NM, Sunarso J, Pham GH, Barifcani A, Nguyen MH, Liu S. Comparative study on the performance of microwave-assisted plasma DRM in nitrogen and argon atmospheres at a low microwave power. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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AlQahtani MS, Knecht SD, Wang X, Bilén SG, Song C. One-Step Low-Temperature Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Elemental Sulfur by Plasma-Enhanced Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. AlQahtani
- Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, EMS Energy Institute, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sean D. Knecht
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, EMS Energy Institute, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sven G. Bilén
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chunshan Song
- Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, EMS Energy Institute, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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23
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Maitre PA, Bieniek MS, Kechagiopoulos PN. Plasma-enhanced catalysis for the upgrading of methane: a review of modelling and simulation methods. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Modelling methods and simulation works on the upgrading of methane via plasma and plasma-enhanced catalysis reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Maitre
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen
- UK
| | - Matthew S. Bieniek
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen
- UK
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24
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Wang Y, Craven M, Yu X, Ding J, Bryant P, Huang J, Tu X. Plasma-Enhanced Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia over a Ni/Al 2O 3 Catalyst at Near-Room Temperature: Insights into the Importance of the Catalyst Surface on the Reaction Mechanism. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10780-10793. [PMID: 32064144 PMCID: PMC7011700 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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A better
fundamental understanding of the plasma-catalyst interaction
and the reaction mechanism is vital for optimizing the design of catalysts
for ammonia synthesis by plasma-catalysis. In this work, we report
on a hybrid plasma-enhanced catalytic process for the synthesis of
ammonia directly from N2 and H2 over transition
metal catalysts (M/Al2O3, M = Fe, Ni, Cu) at
near room temperature (∼35 °C) and atmospheric pressure.
Reactions were conducted in a specially designed coaxial dielectric
barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor using water as a ground electrode,
which could cool and maintain the reaction at near-room temperature.
The transparency of the water electrode enabled operando optical diagnostics (intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) imaging
and optical emission spectroscopy) of the full plasma discharge area
to be conducted without altering the operation of the reactor, as
is often needed when using coaxial reactors with opaque ground electrodes.
Compared to plasma synthesis of NH3 without a catalyst,
plasma-catalysis significantly enhanced the NH3 synthesis
rate and energy efficiency. The effect of different transition metal
catalysts on the physical properties of the discharge is negligible,
which suggests that the catalytic effects provided by the chemistry
of the catalyst surface are dominant over the physical effects of
the catalysts in the plasma-catalytic synthesis of ammonia. The highest
NH3 synthesis rate of 471 μmol g–1 h–1 was achieved using Ni/Al2O3 as a catalyst with plasma, which is 100% higher than that
obtained using plasma only. The presence of a transition metal (e.g.,
Ni) on the surface of Al2O3 provided a more
uniform plasma discharge than Al2O3 or plasma
only, and enhanced the mean electron energy. The mechanism of plasma-catalytic
ammonia synthesis has been investigated through operando plasma diagnostics combined with comprehensive characterization
of the catalysts using N2 physisorption measurements, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), NH3-temperature-programmed
desorption (TPD), and N2-TPD. Four forms of adsorbed NHx (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) species
were detected on the surfaces of the spent catalysts using XPS. It
was found that metal sites and weak acid sites could enhance the production
of NH3 via formation of NH2 intermediates on
the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Craven
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Ding
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Paul Bryant
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
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25
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Non-thermal plasma enhanced dry reforming of CH4 with CO2 over activated carbon supported Ni catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Chawdhury P, Ray D, Vinodkumar T, Subrahmanyam C. Catalytic DBD plasma approach for methane partial oxidation to methanol under ambient conditions. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Liu L, Liu Y, Song J, Ahmad S, Liang J, Sun Y. Plasma-enhanced steam reforming of different model tar compounds over Ni-based fusion catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:24-33. [PMID: 31132678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tar formation during biomass gasification is undesirable due to the decreased energy efficiency and increased costs for maintaining downstream equipment. The hybrid non-thermal plasma-catalysis method is considered to be a promising alternative, since it overcomes the disadvantages arising from both catalyst deactivation during catalytic reforming and the formation of undesirable liquid by-products in plasma reforming. SiO2- and ZSM-5-supported Ni-based catalysts with different Ni loadings (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) were prepared by thermal fusion and applied to the steam reforming of toluene. Different characterizations of fresh and spent catalysts including XRD, H2-TPR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, XPS and TGA were conducted to show the properties of catalysts. The results indicated that Ni/ZSM-5 exhibited better performance than Ni/SiO2, due to the increased dispersion of Ni particles and the stronger metal-support interaction of Ni/ZSM-5, which was confirmed by the TEM and H2-TPR results. In addition, the performances of the catalysis-only (CatO), plasma-only (PlO), and in-plasma-catalysis (IPC) systems in steam reforming of different model tar compounds including benzene, toluene, furfural, naphthalene, fluorene and pyrene were compared using Ni(5 wt%)/ZSM-5. Obvious synergistic effects between DBD plasma and Ni(5 wt%)/ZSM-5 was observed for syngas production in the IPC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yawen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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28
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Application of Microwave in Hydrogen Production from Methane Dry Reforming: Comparison Between the Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reforming on Improving the Energy Efficiency. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave-assisted dry reforming of methane over Ni and Ni–MgO catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) was studied with respect to reducing reaction energy consumption. In order to optimize the reforming reaction using the microwave setup, an inclusive study was performed on the effect of operating parameters, including the type of catalysts’ active metal and their concentration in the AC support, feed flow rate, and reaction temperature on the reaction conversion and H2/CO selectivity. The methane dry reforming was also carried out using conventional heating and the results were compared to those of microwave heating. The catalysts’ activity was increased under microwave heating and as a result, the feed conversion and hydrogen selectivity were enhanced in comparison to the conventional heating method. In addition, to improve the reactants’ conversion and products’ selectivity, the thermal analysis also clarified the crucial importance of microwave heating in enhancing the energy efficiency of the reaction compared to the conventional heating.
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29
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Yang J, Feng J, Li W, Chen X, Liu X, Ruan J, Qiu R, Xiong Y, Tian S. A resource-utilization way of the waste printed circuit boards to prepare silicon carbide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:640-648. [PMID: 30953981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A resource-utilization strategy of the waste PCBs was developed: preparation of high value-added silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles using the waste PCBs as both silica and carbon precursors. The preparation process contained three optimized steps: acid wash pretreatment with 3 mol L-1 nitric acid at 60 °C for 96 h, low-temperature pyrolysis at 500 °C to allow the epoxy resin to decompose into carbon, and high-temperature pyrolysis at 1600 °C (in situ carbothermal reduction) to gain pure SiC nanoparticles. The pseudo first-order reaction rate constant (k) of the p-n heterojunction of SiC/TiO2 towards the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was 0.0219 min-1, 3.42 and 3.98 times that of TiO2 and no acid washed-SiC/TiO2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jinxi Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Waiqing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jujun Ruan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ya Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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30
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Abstract
The goal of this study is to develop a method to distinguish between plasma chemistry and thermal effects in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge nonequilibrium plasma containing a packed bed of porous particles. Decomposition of CaCO3 in Ar plasma is used as a model reaction and CaCO3 samples were prepared with different external surface area, via the particle size, as well as with different internal surface area, via pore morphology. Also, the effect of the CO2 in gas phase on the formation of products during plasma enhanced decomposition is measured. The internal surface area is not exposed to plasma and relates to thermal effect only, whereas both plasma and thermal effects occur at the external surface area. Decomposition rates were in our case found to be influenced by internal surface changes only and thermal decomposition is concluded to dominate. This is further supported by the slow response in the CO2 concentration at a timescale of typically 1 minute upon changes in discharge power. The thermal effect is estimated based on the kinetics of the CaCO3 decomposition, resulting in a temperature increase within 80 °C for plasma power from 0 to 6 W. In contrast, CO2 dissociation to CO and O2 is controlled by plasma chemistry as this reaction is thermodynamically impossible without plasma, in agreement with fast response within a few seconds of the CO concentration when changing plasma power. CO forms exclusively via consecutive dissociation of CO2 in the gas phase and not directly from CaCO3. In ongoing work, this methodology is used to distinguish between thermal effects and plasma–chemical effects in more reactive plasma, containing, e.g., H2.
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31
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Altering Conversion and Product Selectivity of Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Changing the Dielectric Packing Material. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of dense, spherical packing materials, with different chemical compositions, on the dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Although not catalytically activated, a vast effect on the conversion and product selectivity could already be observed, an influence which is often neglected when catalytically activated plasma packing materials are being studied. The α-Al2O3 packing material of 2.0–2.24 mm size yields the highest total conversion (28%), as well as CO2 (23%) and CH4 (33%) conversion and a high product fraction towards CO (~70%) and ethane (~14%), together with an enhanced CO/H2 ratio of 9 in a 4.5 mm gap DBD at 60 W and 23 kHz. γ-Al2O3 is only slightly less active in total conversion (22%) but is even more selective in products formed than α-Al2O3. BaTiO3 produces substantially more oxygenated products than the other packing materials but is the least selective in product fractions and has a clear negative impact on CO2 conversion upon addition of CH4. Interestingly, when comparing to pure CO2 splitting and when evaluating differences in products formed, significantly different trends are obtained for the packing materials, indicating a complex impact of the presence of CH4 and the specific nature of the packing materials on the DRM process.
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32
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Pou J, Colominas C, Gonzalez-Olmos R. CO2 reduction using non-thermal plasma generated with photovoltaic energy in a fluidized reactor. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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34
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Christensen PA, Mashhadani ZTAW, Md Ali AHB, Carroll MA, Martin PA. The Production of Methane, Acetone, “Cold” CO and Oxygenated Species from IsoPropyl Alcohol in a Non-Thermal Plasma: An In-Situ FTIR Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4273-4284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Christensen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., NE1 7RU
| | - Z. T. A. W. Mashhadani
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., NE1 7RU
| | - Abd Halim Bin Md Ali
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., NE1 7RU
| | - Michael A. Carroll
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., NE1 7RU
| | - Philip A. Martin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, U.K., M13 9PL
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35
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Yap D, Tatibouët JM, Batiot-Dupeyrat C. Catalyst assisted by non-thermal plasma in dry reforming of methane at low temperature. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Cleiren E, Heijkers S, Ramakers M, Bogaerts A. Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4025-4036. [PMID: 28834403 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a gliding arc plasmatron is studied for different CH4 fractions in the mixture. The CO2 and CH4 conversions reach their highest values of approximately 18 and 10 %, respectively, at 25 % CH4 in the gas mixture, corresponding to an overall energy cost of 10 kJ L-1 (or 2.5 eV per molecule) and an energy efficiency of 66 %. CO and H2 are the major products, with the formation of smaller fractions of C2 Hx (x=2, 4, or 6) compounds and H2 O. A chemical kinetics model is used to investigate the underlying chemical processes. The calculated CO2 and CH4 conversion and the energy efficiency are in good agreement with the experimental data. The model calculations reveal that the reaction of CO2 (mainly at vibrationally excited levels) with H radicals is mainly responsible for the CO2 conversion, especially at higher CH4 fractions in the mixture, which explains why the CO2 conversion increases with increasing CH4 fraction. The main process responsible for CH4 conversion is the reaction with OH radicals. The excellent energy efficiency can be explained by the non-equilibrium character of the plasma, in which the electrons mainly activate the gas molecules, and by the important role of the vibrational kinetics of CO2 . The results demonstrate that a gliding arc plasmatron is very promising for DRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Cleiren
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn Heijkers
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marleen Ramakers
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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37
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Mei D, Liu S, Tu X. CO2 reforming with methane for syngas production using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma coupled with Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts: Process optimization through response surface methodology. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Conversion of CO 2 in a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Effects of plasma processing parameters and reactor design. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Ray D, Manoj Kumar Reddy P, Challapalli S. Glass Beads Packed DBD-Plasma Assisted Dry Reforming of Methane. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Liu L, Wang Q, Song J, Ahmad S, Yang X, Sun Y. Plasma-assisted catalytic reforming of toluene to hydrogen rich syngas. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00970d 10.1039/c7cy00970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni/ZSM-5 in in-plasma catalysis systems has potential for toluene conversion, syngas formation, and inhibition of undesirable by-products and coke formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Jianwei Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Space and Environment
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Yifei Sun
- Energy and Environment International Centre
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices
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41
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Kim J, Go DB, Hicks JC. Synergistic effects of plasma–catalyst interactions for CH4 activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13010-13021. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-assisted catalysis populates vibrationally excited CH4 interacting with catalyst, leading to small energy barriers and enhanced rates to activate CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Indiana
- USA
| | - David B. Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Indiana
- USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
| | - Jason C. Hicks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Indiana
- USA
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42
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Liu L, Wang Q, Song J, Ahmad S, Yang X, Sun Y. Plasma-assisted catalytic reforming of toluene to hydrogen rich syngas. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni/ZSM-5 in in-plasma catalysis systems has potential for toluene conversion, syngas formation, and inhibition of undesirable by-products and coke formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Jianwei Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Space and Environment
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Energy and Environment International Centre
| | - Yifei Sun
- Energy and Environment International Centre
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices
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Snoeckx R, Bogaerts A. Plasma technology – a novel solution for CO2 conversion? Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5805-5863. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasma technology as a potential breakthrough technology for the economic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramses Snoeckx
- Research group PLASMANT
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Universiteitsplein 1
- BE-2610 Antwerp
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research group PLASMANT
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Universiteitsplein 1
- BE-2610 Antwerp
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Nozaki T, Neyts EC, Sankaran M, Ostrikov K(K, Liu CJ. Plasmas for enhanced catalytic processes (ISPCEM 2014). Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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