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Ren L, Xu Y, Chen W, Zhang C. Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Co-Hydropyrolysis of Biomass Components and HDPE with Application of Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400150. [PMID: 38548660 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in this study on the co-hydropyrolysis of three components of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and HDPE by using SR-Pd/Trap-HZ-5 as catalyst. To control the variable, we use the same experiment conditions in co-hydropyrolysis: Si/Al ratio of 50, Pd load 1 %, catalyst to reactant ratio of 1 : 10, 1 MPa, 400 °C, reaction time 1 h. Use XRD, TEM, BET, and NH3-TPD to confirm catalyst successful synthesis; use pine sawdust (PW) co-hydropyrolysis with HDPE to analyse catalytic activity; and use GC/MS to characterize the chemical composition of the bio-oil from the co-hydropyrolysis of biomass components and HDPE. The results show that cellulose has a significant synergistic effect with aromatic hydrocarbon production, whose selectivity was 93.3 %; hemicellulose has a synergistic effect; aromatic selectivity can reach 75.1 %; and a negative synergistic effect between lignin and HDPE was shown as the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased from 62.1 % to 15.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ren
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yupu Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changsen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Porter WN, Turaczy KK, Yu M, Mou H, Chen JG. Transition metal nitride catalysts for selective conversion of oxygen-containing molecules. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6622-6642. [PMID: 38725511 PMCID: PMC11077531 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Earth abundant transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are a promising group of catalysts for a wide range of thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions, with potential to achieve high activity and selectivity while reducing reliance on the use of Pt-group metals. However, current fundamental understanding of the active sites of these materials and the mechanisms by which selective transformations occur is somewhat lacking. Recent investigations of these materials from our group and others have utilized probe molecules, model surfaces, and in situ techniques to elucidate the origin of their activity, strong metal-support interactions, and unique d-band electronic structures. This Perspective discusses three classes of reactions for which TMNs have been used as case studies to highlight how these properties, along with synergistic interactions with metal overlayers, can be exploited to design active, selective and stable TMN catalysts. First, studies of the reactions of C1 molecules will be discussed, specifically highlighting the ability of TMNs to activate CO2. Second, the upgrading of biomass and biomass-derived oxygenates over TMN catalysts will be reviewed. Third, the use of TMNs for H2 production via water electrolysis will be discussed. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and future directions in the study of TMN catalysts, in particular expanding on opportunities to enhance fundamental mechanistic understanding using model surfaces, the elucidation of active centers via in situ techniques, and the development of efficient synthesis methods and design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Porter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Kevin K Turaczy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Marcus Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Hansen Mou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
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3
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Yang Y, Xu X, He H, Huo D, Li X, Dai L, Si C. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil for upgradation from lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124773. [PMID: 37150369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing depletion of oil resources and the environmental problems caused by using much fossil energy in the rapid development of society. The bio-oil becomes a promising alternative energy source to fossil. However, bio-oil cannot be directly utilized, owing to its high proportion of oxygenated compounds with low calorific value and poor thermal stability. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the most effective methods for refining oxygenated compounds from bio-oil. HDO catalysts play a crucial role in the HDO reaction. This review emphasizes the description of the main processing of HDO and various catalytic systems for bio-oil, including noble/non-noble metal catalysts, porous organic polymer catalysts, and polar solvents. A discussion based on recent studies and evaluations of different catalytic materials and mechanisms is considered. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for the development of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation for bio-oil upgradation are looked forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Engineering Lab for Pulp and Paper, China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Selvam S M, Paramasivan B. Microwave assisted carbonization and activation of biochar for energy-environment nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131631. [PMID: 34315073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thermochemical conversion techniques for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass is often non-selective and energy inefficient. Microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is cost and energy-efficient technology aimed for value-added bioproducts recovery from biomass with less environmental impacts. The present review emphasizes the performance of MAP in terms of product yield, characteristics and energy consumption and further it compares it with conventional pyrolysis. The significant role of biochar as catalyst in microwave pyrolysis for enhancing the product selectivity and quality, and the influence of microwave activation on product composition identified through sophisticated techniques has been highlighted. Besides, the application of MAP based biochar as soil conditioner and heavy metal immobilization has been illustrated. MAP accomplished at low temperature creates uniform thermal gradient than conventional mode, thereby producing engineered char with hotspots that could be used as catalysts for gasification, energy storage, etc. The stability, nutrient content, surface properties and adsorption capacity of biochar was enhanced by microwave activation, thus facilitating its use as soil conditioner. Many reviews until now on MAP mostly dealt with operational conditions and product yield with limited focus on comparative energy consumption with conventional mode, analytical techniques for product characterization and end application especially concerning agriculture. Thus, the present review adds on to the current state of art on microwave assisted pyrolysis covering all-round aspects of production followed by characterization and applications as soil amendment for increasing crop productivity in addition to the production of value-added chemicals, thus promoting process sustainability in energy and environment nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Selvam S
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Li K, Zhang G, Wang ZX, Hu B, Lu Q. Calcium formate assisted catalytic pyrolysis of pine for enhanced production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over bimetal-modified HZSM-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123805. [PMID: 32668348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient process was developed to selectively produce monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) from ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of pine assisted with calcium formate (CF) over bimetal-modified HZSM-5. Mo and another metal (Mg, Ga or Zn) were used to modify the HZSM-5, and the as-synthesized bimetal-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were utilized for both pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and lab-scale CFP tests with CF as a hydrogen donor to selectively obtain MAHs. The results revealed that the presence of CF and Mg-Mo modified HZSM-5 (0.5Mg1Mo/HZ) exhibited excellent capability for MAHs production with tiny generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The maximum MAHs yield attained 12.79 wt% at 650 °C from Py-GC/MS with the CF-to-pine (CF-to-PN) ratio of 3 and catalyst-to-pine (CA-to-PN) ratio of 11, and became 9.67 wt% from lab-scale device with CF-to-PN and CA-to-PN ratios of 0.5 and 4, respectively. In addition, compared with HZSM-5, 0.5Mg1Mo/HZ possessed better anti-deactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Biomass Pyrolysis Technology by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis and Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis and environmental problems, biomass resource, as a renewable carbon resource, has received great attention. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology, which can convert solid biomass into high value liquid fuel, bio-char and syngas. Catalyst plays a vital role in the rapid pyrolysis, which can increase the yield and selectivity of aromatics and other products in bio-oil. In this paper, the traditional zeolite catalysts and metal modified zeolite catalysts used in CFP are summarized. The influence of the catalysts on the yield and selectivity of the product obtained from pyrolysis was discussed. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst were discussed. Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) are new technologies developed in traditional pyrolysis technology. CCP improves the problem of hydrogen deficiency in the biomass pyrolysis process and raises the yield and character of pyrolysis products, through the co-feeding of biomass and hydrogen-rich substances. The pyrolysis reactions of biomass and polymers (plastics and waste tires) in CCP were reviewed to obtain the influence of co-pyrolysis on composition and selectivity of pyrolysis products. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst in CCP and the reaction path of the product are described, which is very important to improve the understanding of co-pyrolysis technology. In addition, the effects of biomass pretreatment, microwave adsorbent, catalyst and other reaction conditions on the pyrolysis products of MAP were reviewed, and the application of MAP in the preparation of high value-added biofuels, activated carbon and syngas was introduced.
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Li K, Bolatibieke D, Yang SG, Wang B, Nan DH, Lu Q. Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of soy sauce residue with HZSM-5 for co-production of aromatic hydrocarbons and supercapacitor materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23331-23340. [PMID: 35520334 PMCID: PMC9054630 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach is proposed for the efficient conversion of soy sauce residue (SSR) into aromatic hydrocarbons and a supercapacitor electrode material by ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) technology with HZSM-5. The thermal decomposition behaviors of SSR were first investigated via thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses. The ex situ CFP of SSR was conducted to elucidate the aromatic hydrocarbons production under different pyrolysis temperatures and HZSM-5-to-SSR (HZ-to-SSR) ratios using both Py-GC/MS and lab-scale instruments. The results indicated that the aromatic hydrocarbons reached the maximal yields of 22.20 wt% from Py-GC/MS with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 11 at 650 °C, and 17.61 wt% from the lab-scale device with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 2, respectively. The as-obtained yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was far higher than those obtained from typical lignocellulosic biomass materials, confirming that SSR is a promising material for aromatics production. The pyrolytic solid product collected with this method was further activated by KOH to synthesize N-doped activated carbon (NAC) for supercapacitors. The physicochemical analysis showed that NAC possessed N-incorporated hierarchical pores, and exhibited a promising capacitance of 274.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. A new method to co-produce aromatic hydrocarbons and a supercapacitor material from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of soy sauce residue has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Dana Bolatibieke
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Shi-Guan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Dong-Hong Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
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Li K, Wang B, Bolatibieke D, Nan DH, Lu Q. Pyrolysis of Biomass Impregnated With Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate for Polygeneration of Phenol and Supercapacitor Electrode Material. Front Chem 2020; 8:436. [PMID: 32509737 PMCID: PMC7248177 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method was proposed for polygeneration of phenol and supercapacitor electrode material from pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). The pyrolysis experiments were executed to demonstrate the product distributions under different NH4H2PO4-to-poplar (PA-to-PL) ratios and pyrolysis temperatures in a lab-scale device. The results revealed that the phenol yield attained its optimal value of 4.57 wt% with a satisfactory selectivity of 20.09% at 500°C under PA-to-PL ratio of 0.6. The pyrolytic solid product obtained at this condition was then subjected to high temperature activation directly without additional activators to prepare N and P co-doped activated carbon (NPAC) as supercapacitor. The physicochemical analysis of NPAC showed that the N and P contents in NPAC reached 3.75 and 3.65 wt%, respectively. The electrochemical experiments executed in a three-electrode system indicated that the NPAC exhibited promising electrochemical performance with a satisfactory capacitance of 181.3 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Dana Bolatibieke
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Hong Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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9
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Ding YJ, Zhao CX, Liu ZC. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw for production of monomers phenol over metal supported mesoporous catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122097. [PMID: 31539853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic (SBA-15, Ni/SBA-15, Al/SBA-15 and Ni-Al/SBA-15) hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of rice straw biomass was examined at different temperature with different amount of catalyst in the presence of different solvents. In comparison with water solvent liquefaction, the bio-oil yield significantly increased under alcoholic solvent (ethanol and methanol). The highest bio-oil yield was observed for water (44.3 wt%) with Ni-Al/SBA-15, while for ethanol (56.2 wt%), and for methanol (48.1 wt%) with, Ni/SBA-15 catalyst. The loading of Ni and Al on SBA-15, the acid strength of the catalyst enhanced. Bio-oils yield were analyzed with the help of GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, GPC and CHNS. From the GC-MS analysis, the main monomeric phenolic compounds were produced, phenol, 4-ethyl-phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol, 2-methoxy-4-ethyl-phenol and Vanillin. It was observed by CHNS and GPC analysis of the bio-oil, compared to the non-catalytic liquefaction reaction, the catalytic liquefaction reaction promotes the hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation and produced lower molecular weight bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhouou 466001, China.
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhouou 466001, China
| | - Zeng-Chen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhouou 466001, China
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Yan L, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Ma L, Fu F, Chen B, Liu H. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Ulva prolifera macroalgae and the influence of base catalysts on products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121286. [PMID: 31386946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of Ulva prolifera macroalgae (UM), an aquatic biomass, was carried out in an autoclave reactor at different temperature (270, 290 and 310 °C) and reaction holding time (10, 20 and 30 min.). The catalytic reactions of UM were carried out in the presence of three basic catalysts (KOH, NaOH and Na2CO3) with the different catalyst amount. Maximum bio-oil yield for non-catalytic liquefaction was (12.0 wt%) at 290 with 10 min reaction time. In the catalytic reaction the maximum bio-oil yield (26.7 wt%) was observed with KOH (0.1 g) catalyst. The chemical components and functional groups present in the bio-oils are identified by GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA and elemental analysis techniques. Majorly nitrogen containing compounds were found with catalytic reaction in bio-oils. The higher heating value (33.6 MJ kg-1) as well as the higher carbon content (64.2%) was observed in the case of catalytic liquefaction bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China.
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yanan University, Yanan 716000, China
| | - Langlang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Feng Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yanan University, Yanan 716000, China
| | - Bi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Huijin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
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11
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Pirbazari SM, Norouzi O, Kohansal K, Tavasoli A. Experimental studies on high-quality bio-oil production via pyrolysis of Azolla by the use of a three metallic/modified pyrochar catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121802. [PMID: 31352164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of the pyrolysis method to overcome the negative effects of Azolla-filiculoides in infected areas was thoroughly investigated. Non-catalytic pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 400-700 °C. The highest possible bio-oil yield (35 wt%) was attained at 500 °C. To achieve the best chemical composition of bio-oil and higher amount of synthesis gas the catalytic pyrolysis were conducted in a dual-bed quartz reactor at the optimum temperature (500 °C). Although, all three catalysts (pyro-char, modified pyro-char (MPC), and Mg-Ni-Mo/MPC) showed almost an impressive performance in promotion of the common reactions, Mg-Ni-Mo/MPC catalyst have illustrated the stunning results by increasing the percentage of furan compounds from 5.25% to 33.07%, and decreasing the acid compounds from 25.56% to 9.09%. Using GC-MS and GC-FID liquid and gaseous products were fully analyzed. The carbon-based catalysts were also evaluated via FTIR, FESEM, EDX, and BET analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pirbazari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Norouzi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Komeil Kohansal
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavasoli
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Chen X, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang X, Che Q, Chen W, Chen H. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: Selective deoxygenation to balance the quality and yield of bio-oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:153-158. [PMID: 30439633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Firstly, the operating conditions were screened for biomass pyrolysis in a fixed bed with respect to higher oil yield. A temperature of 600 °C with an N2 flow of 80 ml/min exhibited the highest bio-oil yield. Then, the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass with various catalysts (Al2O3, CaO, MgO, CuO, Fe2O3, NiO, ZnO, ZrO2, TiO2, HZSM-5 and MCM-41) was studied to identify the selective deoxygenation method with respect to improve bio-oil quality with smaller drop in bio-oil yield. With the addition of CaO, the oxygen was mainly removed in the form of CO2, while, in other cases, more oxygen was removed in the form of H2O. Furthermore, more decarboxylation or less dehydration is better for the balance between yield and deoxygenation amount, and the preferred decarboxylation would lead to a higher pH and lower moisture content of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
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13
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Abstract
Oil produced by the pyrolysis of biomass and co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste synthetic polymers has significant potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the relatively poor properties found in pyrolysis oil—such as high oxygen content, low caloric value, and physicochemical instability—hampers its practical utilization as a commercial petroleum fuel replacement or additive. This review focuses on pyrolysis catalyst design, impact of using real waste feedstocks, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, and optimization of product distributions to support the production of high value-added products. Co-pyrolysis of two or more feedstock materials is shown to increase oil yield, caloric value, and aromatic hydrocarbon content. In addition, the co-pyrolysis of biomass and polymer waste can contribute to a reduction in production costs, expand waste disposal options, and reduce environmental impacts. Several promising options for catalytic pyrolysis to become industrially viable are also discussed.
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14
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Wang L, Chai M, Liu R, Cai J. Synergetic effects during co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tire: A study on product distribution and reaction kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:363-370. [PMID: 30096644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synergetic effects during co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tire (WT) were investigated concerning the product distribution and reaction kinetics. Two biomass feedstocks were separately mixed with WT at different effective hydrogen/carbon ratio (H/Ceff), and analytical co-pyrolysis of mixtures was conducted using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy at 500 °C. Product distributions were similar between different biomass feedstocks but varied significantly at different H/Ceff values. The percentage of hydrocarbons increased significantly when increasing H/Ceff, and the optimal H/Ceff was determined considering the correspondingly higher yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and char residuals at higher percentage of WT. The experimental derivative thermogravimetric curves of mixtures at the optimal H/Ceff were compared with the calculated results based on kinetic analysis of three individual components using the distributed activation energy model. Significant synergetic effects were observed at the initial and final stages of the pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzheng Wang
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Meiyun Chai
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Junmeng Cai
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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15
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Lu Q, Guo HQ, Zhou MX, Zhang ZX, Cui MS, Zhang YY, Yang YP, Zhang LB. Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons production from catalytic cracking of pine wood-derived pyrolytic vapors over Ce-Mo 2N/HZSM-5 catalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:141-149. [PMID: 29627536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of Mo2N/HZSM-5 and transition metal modified Mo2N/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared for the catalytic upgrading of pine wood-derived pyrolytic vapors for the selective production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), while restraining the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were performed to determine the effects of several factors on selective MAHs production, including Mo2N loading on HZSM-5, transition metal (Fe, Ce, La, Cu, Cr) modification of Mo2N/HZSM-5, pyrolysis temperature, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio. In addition, quantitative experiments were conducted to determine the actual yields of major aromatic hydrocarbons and the source of aromatic hydrocarbons from basic biomass components. Results indicated that among the various catalysts, the Ce-10%Mo2N/HZSM-5 exhibited the best performance on promoting the formation of MAHs and restraining the generation of PAHs. Under the optimal conditions, the actual yields of MAHs and PAHs from Ce-10%Mo2N/HZSM-5 catalytic process were 99.8mg/g and 7.5mg/g, while those from HZSM catalyst were only 77.2mg/g and 23.7mg/g respectively. Furthermore, the possible catalytic mechanism of the Ce-Mo2N/HZSM-5 catalyst was proposed based on the catalyst characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hao-Qiang Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min-Xing Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen-Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min-Shu Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong-Ping Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lai-Bao Zhang
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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