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Khan H, Khan T, Ahmad N, Zaman G, Khan T, Ahmad W, Batool S, Hussain Z, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Chemical Elicitors-Induced Variation in Cellular Biomass, Biosynthesis of Secondary Cell Products, and Antioxidant System in Callus Cultures of Fagonia indica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216340. [PMID: 34770749 PMCID: PMC8587688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds. The variation in the metabolites of interest is one of the major issues in wild plants due to different environmental factors. The addition of chemical elicitors is one of the effective strategies to trigger the biosynthetic pathways for the release of a higher quantity of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of chemical elicitors, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biomass, and the antioxidant system in callus cultures of F. indica. Among various treatments applied, AlCl3 (0.1 mM concentration) improved the highest in biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 404.72 g/L) as compared to the control (FW: 269.85 g/L). The exposure of cultures to AlCl3 (0.01 mM) enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and the total phenolic contents (TPCs: 7.74 mg/g DW) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs: 1.07 mg/g DW) were higher than those of cultures exposed to CdCl2 (0.01 mM) with content levels (TPC: 5.60 and TFC: 0.97 mg/g) as compared to the control (TPC: 4.16 and TFC: 0.42 mg/g DW). Likewise, AlCl3 and CdCl2 also promoted the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA; 89.4% and 90%, respectively) at a concentration of 0.01 mM, as compared to the control (65.48%). For instance, the quantification of metabolites via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed an optimum production of myricetin (1.20 mg/g), apigenin (0.83 mg/g), isorhamnetin (0.70 mg/g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/g). Cultures grown in the presence of AlCl3 triggered higher quantities of secondary metabolites than those grown in the presence of CdCl2 (0.79, 0.74, 0.57, and 0.67 mg/g). Moreover, AlCl3 at 0.1 mM enhanced the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 0.08 nM/min/mg-FW) and peroxidase enzymes (POD: 2.37 nM/min/mg-FW), while CdCl2 resulted in an SOD activity up to 0.06 nM/min/mg-FW and POD: 2.72 nM/min/mg-FW. From these results, it is clear that AlCl3 is a better elicitor in terms of a higher and uniform productivity of biomass, secondary cell products, and antioxidant enzymes compared to CdCl2 and the control. It is possible to scale the current strategy to a bioreactor for a higher productivity of metabolites of interest for various pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Gouhar Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sannia Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
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Dębski H, Wiczkowski W, Szablińska-Piernik J, Horbowicz M. The Application of Fe-EDTA and Sodium Silicate Affects the Polyphenols Content in Broccoli and Radish Sprouts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081190. [PMID: 34439856 PMCID: PMC8392375 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of elicitors on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts were evaluated. Seeds and then sprouts were soaked daily for 30 min over 6 days in water (control) or a mixture of FeEDTA and sodium silicate or sodium silicate alone. The contents of the flavonoids and phenolic acids (free, esters, and glycosides) were determined using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Phenolic compounds were released from the esters after acid hydrolysis and from the glycosides using alkaline hydrolysis. Quercetin, kaempferol, (‒)-epicatechin, naringenin, apigenin, and luteolin derivatives were found in broccoli and radish sprouts, while derivatives of iso-rhamnetin, orientin, and vitexin were not present at measurable levels. The flavonoid contents, especially derivatives of quercetin, were considerably higher in the broccoli sprouts than in the radish sprouts. The quantitatively major phenolic acid content in the sprouts of both species was found to be p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Its content in the radish sprouts was several times higher than in the broccoli sprouts. The total flavonoid content of broccoli sprouts was 507-734 µg/g DW, while that of the radish sprouts ranged from 155 µg/g DW to 211 µg/g DW. In contrast, total phenolic acids were higher in radish sprouts, ranging from 11,548 to 13,789 µg/g DW, while in broccoli sprouts, they ranged from 2652 to 4527 µg/g DW, respectively. These differences resulted radish sprouts having higher antioxidant activity compared to broccoli sprouts. The applied elicitors increased the content of the total phenolic acids and the antioxidant activity of radish and broccoli sprouts, while they decreased the level of the total flavonoids in broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Dębski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (M.H.)
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Gómez-Martínez H, Gil-Muñoz F, Bermejo A, Zuriaga E, Badenes ML. Insights of Phenolic Pathway in Fruits: Transcriptional and Metabolic Profiling in Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073411. [PMID: 33810284 PMCID: PMC8037730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites, in terms of fruit quality and diet, mainly due to their antioxidant effect. However, the identification of key gene enzymes and their roles in the phenylpropanoid pathway in temperate fruits species remains uncertain. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is a Mediterranean fruit with high diversity and fruit quality properties, being an excellent source of polyphenol compounds. For a better understanding of the phenolic pathway in these fruits, we selected a set of accessions with genetic-based differences in phenolic compounds accumulation. HPLC analysis of the main phenolic compounds and transcriptional analysis of the genes involved in key steps of the polyphenol network were carried out. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) and flavonol synthase (FLS) were the key enzymes selected. Orthologous of the genes involved in transcription of these enzymes were identified in apricot: ParPAL1, ParPAL2, ParDFR, ParFLS1 and ParFLS2. Transcriptional data of the genes involved in those critical points and their relationships with the polyphenol compounds were analyzed. Higher expression of ParDFR and ParPAL2 has been associated with red-blushed accessions. Differences in expression between paralogues could be related to the presence of a BOXCOREDCPAL cis-acting element related to the genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis ParFLS2, ParDFR and ParPAL2.
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Jiang L, Fan Z, Tong R, Zhou X, Li J, Yin H. Functional Diversification of the Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase from Camellia nitidissima Chi. in the Control of Polyphenol Biosynthesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1341. [PMID: 33198369 PMCID: PMC7696568 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism is complex in its diverse chemical composition and dynamic regulation of biosynthesis. How the functional diversification of enzymes contributes to the diversity is largely unknown. In the flavonoids pathway, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme mediating dihydroflavanol into anthocyanins biosynthesis. Here, the DFR homolog was identified from Camellia nitidissima Chi. (CnDFR) which is a unique species of the genus Camellia with golden yellow petals. Sequence analysis showed that CnDFR possessed not only conserved catalytic domains, but also some amino acids peculiar to Camellia species. Gene expression analysis revealed that CnDFR was expressed in all tissues and the expression of CnDFR was positively correlated with polyphenols but negatively with yellow coloration. The subcellular localization of CnDFR by the tobacco infiltration assay showed a likely dual localization in the nucleus and cell membrane. Furthermore, overexpression transgenic lines were generated in tobacco to understand the molecular function of CnDFR. The analyses of metabolites suggested that ectopic expression of CnDFR enhanced the biosynthesis of polyphenols, while no accumulation of anthocyanins was detected. These results indicate a functional diversification of the reductase activities in Camellia plants and provide molecular insights into the regulation of floral color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ran Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Xingwen Zhou
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China;
| | - Jiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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Yin X, Fan H, Chen Y, Li LZ, Song W, Fan Y, Zhou W, Ma G, Alolga RN, Li W, Zhang B, Li P, Tran LSP, Lu X, Qi LW. Integrative omic and transgenic analyses reveal the positive effect of ultraviolet-B irradiation on salvianolic acid biosynthesis through upregulation of SmNAC1. Plant J 2020; 104:781-799. [PMID: 32772407 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids (SalAs), a group of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Their biosynthesis is modulated by a variety of abiotic factors, including ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic approach coupled with transgenic analyses was employed to dissect the mechanisms underlying UV-B irradiation-induced SalA biosynthesis. Results of metabolomics showed that 28 metabolites, including 12 SalAs, were elevated in leaves of UV-B-treated S. miltiorrhiza. Meanwhile, the contents of several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, which positively modulate the biosynthesis of SalAs, also increased in UV-B-treated S. miltiorrhiza. Consistently, 20 core biosynthetic enzymes and numerous transcription factors that are involved in SalA biosynthesis were elevated in treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive proteomic analysis. Correlation and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the NAC1 gene, encoding a NAC transcriptional factor, was positively involved in UV-B-induced SalA biosynthesis. Accordingly, overexpression and RNA interference of NAC1 increased and decreased SalA contents, respectively, through regulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR and Dual-LUC assays showed that NAC1 could directly bind to the CATGTG and CATGTC motifs present in the promoters of the SalA biosynthesis-related genes PAL3 and TAT3, respectively, and activate their expression. Our results collectively demonstrate that NAC1 plays a crucial role in UV-B irradiation-induced SalA biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the UV-B-induced SalA biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and shed light on a great potential for the development of SalA-abundant varieties through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanming Fan
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lam-Son P Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xu Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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He R, Gao M, Shi R, Song S, Zhang Y, Su W, Liu H. The Combination of Selenium and LED Light Quality Affects Growth and Nutritional Properties of Broccoli Sprouts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204788. [PMID: 33086545 PMCID: PMC7587582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) supplement was combined with different LED light qualities to investigate mutual effects on the growth, nutritional quality, contents of glucosinolates and mineral elements in broccoli sprouts. There were five treatments: CK:1R1B1G, 1R1B1G+Se (100 μmol L−1 Na2SeO3), 1R1B+Se, 1R2B+Se, 2R1B+Se, 60 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD, 12 h/12 h (light/dark). Sprouts under a combination of selenium and LED light quality treatment exhibited no remarkable change fresh weight, but had a shorter hypocotyl length, lower moisture content and heavier dry weight, especially with 1R2B+Se treatment. The contents of carotenoid, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, total flavonoids, total polyphenol and contents of total glucosinolates and organic Se were dramatically improved through the combination of Se and LED light quality. Moreover, heat map and principal component analysis showed that broccoli sprouts under 1R2B+Se treatment had higher nutritional quality and health-promoting compound contents than other treatments. This suggests that the Se supplement under suitable LED lights might be beneficial to selenium-biofortified broccoli sprout production.
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Chrzanowski G. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-An Interesting Producer of Bioactive Plant Polyphenolic Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197343. [PMID: 33027901 PMCID: PMC7582661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary phenolic metabolites are defined as valuable natural products synthesized by different organisms that are not essential for growth and development. These compounds play an essential role in plant defense mechanisms and an important role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. Despite the vast chemical diversity of natural compounds, their content in plants is very low, and, as a consequence, this eliminates the possibility of the production of these interesting secondary metabolites from plants. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used as cell factories by industrial biotechnology, in the production of different non-native compounds. Among microorganisms commonly used in biotechnological applications, yeast are a prominent host for the diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often regarded as a better host organism for the heterologous production of phenolic compounds, particularly if the expression of different plant genes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chrzanowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Wang Y, Yauk YK, Zhao Q, Hamiaux C, Xiao Z, Gunaseelan K, Zhang L, Tomes S, López-Girona E, Cooney J, Li H, Chagné D, Ma F, Li P, Atkinson RG. Biosynthesis of the Dihydrochalcone Sweetener Trilobatin Requires Phloretin Glycosyltransferase2. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:738-752. [PMID: 32732350 PMCID: PMC7536660 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes drive strong consumer interest in plant-based low-calorie sweeteners. Trilobatin is a sweetener found at high concentrations in the leaves of a range of crabapple (Malus) species, but not in domesticated apple (Malus × domestica) leaves, which contain trilobatin's bitter positional isomer phloridzin. Variation in trilobatin content was mapped to the Trilobatin locus on LG 7 in a segregating population developed from a cross between domesticated apples and crabapples. Phloretin glycosyltransferase2 (PGT2) was identified by activity-directed protein purification and differential gene expression analysis in samples high in trilobatin but low in phloridzin. Markers developed for PGT2 cosegregated strictly with the Trilobatin locus. Biochemical analysis showed PGT2 efficiently catalyzed 4'-o-glycosylation of phloretin to trilobatin as well as 3-hydroxyphloretin to sieboldin. Transient expression of double bond reductase, chalcone synthase, and PGT2 genes reconstituted the apple pathway for trilobatin production in Nicotiana benthamiana Transgenic M. × domestica plants overexpressing PGT2 produced high concentrations of trilobatin in young leaves. Transgenic plants were phenotypically normal, and no differences in disease susceptibility were observed compared to wild-type plants grown under simulated field conditions. Sensory analysis indicated that apple leaf teas from PGT2 transgenics were readily discriminated from control leaf teas and were perceived as significantly sweeter. Identification of PGT2 allows marker-aided selection to be developed to breed apples containing trilobatin, and for high amounts of this natural low-calorie sweetener to be produced via biopharming and metabolic engineering in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yar-Khing Yauk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhengcao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elena López-Girona
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Houhua Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Barron D, Laflamme P, De Luca V. Journey in the Polyphenol Research World with Ragai Ibrahim. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2849-2860. [PMID: 32027498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Ragai K. Ibrahim, Professor Emeritus at Concordia University, Montréal, Canada, passed away on the November 19, 2017 at the age of 88 years. Dr. Ibrahim dedicated his entire professional life to polyphenols and spent most of his academic career (1967-1997) at the Department of Biology of Concordia University in Montréal. He has been an active member of the Groupe Polyphénols since the beginning. This paper is a tribute to Dr. Ibrahim from some of his former students. An overview of the evolution of polyphenol research since the late 1950s and the outstanding contribution that Dr. Ibrahim had to this topic is given. The input of Dr. Ibrahim's research to the enzymology and genetics of polyphenol biosynthesis is discussed. Furthermore, the links between Dr. Ibrahim's work and some aspects of modern studies on the health benefits of polyphenols are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Barron
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laflamme
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Colonel By Hall (CBY) A-307, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Rashad Y, Aseel D, Hammad S, Elkelish A. Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizoctonia solani Differentially Elicit Systemic Transcriptional Expression of Polyphenol Biosynthetic Pathways Genes in Sunflower. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E379. [PMID: 32121492 PMCID: PMC7175204 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are exposed to penetration by different biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi. However, plant immune responses vary, depending on the root-penetrating fungus. Using qRT-PCR, changes over time in the systemic transcriptional expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis-related genes were investigated in sunflower plants in response to colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis and/or infection with Rhizoctonia solani. The results demonstrated that both fungi systemically induced the transcriptional expression of most of the addressed genes at varying degrees. However, the inducing effect differed according to the treatment type, plant organ, targeted gene, and time stage. The inducing effect of R. irregularis was more prevalent than R. solani in the early stages. In general, the dual treatment showed a superior inducing effect over the single treatments at most of the time. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed that cinnamate-4-hydroxylase was the master expressed gene along the studied time period. The cell wall lignification was the main plant-defensive-mechanism induced. In addition, accumulations of chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were also triggered. Moreover, colonization with R. irregularis improved the plant growth and reduced the disease severity. We can conclude that the proactive, rather than curative, colonization with R. irregularis is of great importance, owing to their protective and growth-promoting roles, even if no infection occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Dalia Aseel
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Saad Hammad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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11
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Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Zarzycka M, Kuźma Ł. The Stimulatory Effect of Purine-Type Cytokinins on Proliferation and Polyphenolic Compound Accumulation in Shoot Culture of Salvia Viridis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E178. [PMID: 31991557 PMCID: PMC7072693 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates hormonal control of Salvia viridis growth and development using four different purine-type cytokinins at different concentrations. The addition of cytokinins significantly increased biomass of cultures, proliferation rate, and, interestingly, secondary metabolite production. The best response in terms of multiplication ratio was recorded on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BPA (N-benzylotetrahydropyranyl adenine), while the greatest biomass accumulation was achieved when supplemented with 1 mg/L m-T (meta-topoline). Quantitative UPLC-DAD analysis of the hydromethanolic extract from S. viridis culture revealed the presence of 12 polyphenols: seven phenolic acids and five phenylethanoids. The highest total content of polyphenolic compounds was found in shoots cultivated on medium with 2 mg/L BPA (18.66 mg/g DW): almost twice that of control shoots. The medium was also the most optimal for the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid, the predominant phenolic acid. However, the greater phenylethanoid accumulation was stimulated by 1 mg/L m-T: the metabolite content was above three times higher than that found in shoots grown on the control medium (8.03 mg/g DW vs. 2.37 mg/g DW). Hence, it was demonstrated that phytohormones are capable of influencing not only vital physiological processes, but therapeutic potential of plants as well. Therefore, the cytokinin-based sage cultures may be also considered as the alternative sources of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mariola Zarzycka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.Z.)
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12
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Yang M, Wang L, Belwal T, Zhang X, Lu H, Chen C, Li L. Exogenous Melatonin and Abscisic Acid Expedite the Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Grape Berry of Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010012. [PMID: 31861478 PMCID: PMC6983125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape polyphenols contributing to more than half of the global polyphenol market were well studied; however, how melatonin (MLT), a potential plant hormone, and abscisic acid (ABA) affects polyphenols profile is still poorly understood. To explore whether these hormones are involved in polyphenolic biosynthesis, grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho) was exposed to MLT, ABA, and NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatments, and 16 polyphenols were identified from grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Both exogenous MLT and ABA significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of each flavonol and flavanol component, especially catechin, which was almost increased double by 200 µM of MLT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase, chalcone synthase, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, anthocyanin 3′-methyltransferase, flavonol synthase, flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, and flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase were highly up-regulated as well but were down-regulated by NDGA. The present study provided new insights for improving flavonoids accumulation in agricultural production and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaocheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Cunkun Chen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin 300112, China;
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Y.); (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8898-1885
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13
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Wang X, Liu BY, Zhao Q, Sun X, Li Y, Duan Z, Miao X, Luo S, Li J. Genomic Variance and Transcriptional Comparisons Reveal the Mechanisms of Leaf Color Affecting Palatability and Stressed Defense in Tea Plant. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110929. [PMID: 31739562 PMCID: PMC6895910 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves are one of the most important organs of plants, and yet, the association between leaf color and consumable traits remains largely unclear. Tea leaves are an ideal study system with which to investigate the mechanism of how leaf coloration affects palatability, since tea is made from the leaves of the crop Camellia sinensis. Our genomic resequencing analysis of a tea cultivar ZiJuan (ZJ) with purple leaves and altered flavor revealed genetic variants when compared with the green-leaf, wild type cultivar YunKang(YK). RNA-Seq based transcriptomic comparisons of the bud and two youngest leaves in ZJ and YK identified 93%, 9% and 5% expressed genes that were shared in YK- and ZJ-specific cultivars, respectively. A comparison of both transcript abundance and particular metabolites revealed that the high expression of gene UFGT for anthocyanin biosynthesis is responsible for purple coloration, which competes with the intermediates for catechin-like flavanol biosynthesis. Genes with differential expression are enriched in response to stress, heat and defense, and are casually correlated with the environmental stress of ZJ plant origin in the Himalayas. In addition, the highly expressed C4H and LDOX genes for synthesizing flavanol precursors, ZJ-specific CLH1 for degrading chlorophyll, alternatively spliced C4H and FDR and low photosynthesis also contributed to the altered color and flavor of ZJ. Thus, our study provides a better molecular understanding of the effect of purple coloration on leaf flavor, and helps to guide future engineering improvement of palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- College of tropic crops, Yunnan agricultural University, Puer 665000, China;
- Department of genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.L.); Tel.: +1-706-542-7929 (X.W.); +86-879-220-6630 (J.L.)
| | - Ben-ying Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China; (B.-y.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- College of tropic crops, Yunnan agricultural University, Puer 665000, China;
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China; (B.-y.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China; (B.-y.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Zhifen Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China; (B.-y.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Xinli Miao
- School of mathematics and statistics, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China;
| | - Shan Luo
- College of agriculture and biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of tropic crops, Yunnan agricultural University, Puer 665000, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.L.); Tel.: +1-706-542-7929 (X.W.); +86-879-220-6630 (J.L.)
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14
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Pirbazari SM, Norouzi O, Kohansal K, Tavasoli A. Experimental studies on high-quality bio-oil production via pyrolysis of Azolla by the use of a three metallic/modified pyrochar catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121802. [PMID: 31352164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of the pyrolysis method to overcome the negative effects of Azolla-filiculoides in infected areas was thoroughly investigated. Non-catalytic pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 400-700 °C. The highest possible bio-oil yield (35 wt%) was attained at 500 °C. To achieve the best chemical composition of bio-oil and higher amount of synthesis gas the catalytic pyrolysis were conducted in a dual-bed quartz reactor at the optimum temperature (500 °C). Although, all three catalysts (pyro-char, modified pyro-char (MPC), and Mg-Ni-Mo/MPC) showed almost an impressive performance in promotion of the common reactions, Mg-Ni-Mo/MPC catalyst have illustrated the stunning results by increasing the percentage of furan compounds from 5.25% to 33.07%, and decreasing the acid compounds from 25.56% to 9.09%. Using GC-MS and GC-FID liquid and gaseous products were fully analyzed. The carbon-based catalysts were also evaluated via FTIR, FESEM, EDX, and BET analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pirbazari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Norouzi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Komeil Kohansal
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavasoli
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Xie P, Shi J, Tang S, Chen C, Khan A, Zhang F, Xiong Y, Li C, He W, Wang G, Lei F, Wu Y, Xie Q. Control of Bird Feeding Behavior by Tannin1 through Modulating the Biosynthesis of Polyphenols and Fatty Acid-Derived Volatiles in Sorghum. Mol Plant 2019; 12:1315-1324. [PMID: 31557534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bird predation during seed maturation causes great loss to agricultural production. In this study, through GWAS analysis of a large-scale sorghum germplasm diversity panel, we identified that Tannin1, which encodes a WD40 protein functioning in the WD40/MYB/bHLH complex, controls bird feeding behavior in sorghum. Metabolic profiling analysis showed that a group of sorghum accessions preferred by birds contain mutated tan1-a/b alleles and accumulate significantly lower levels of anthocyanins and condensed tannin compounds. In contrast, a variety of aromatic and fatty acid-derived volatiles accumulate at significantly higher levels in these bird-preference accessions. We subsequently conducted both sparrow feeding and sparrow volatile attractant assays, which confirmed, respectively, the antifeedant and attractant functions of these differentially accumulated metabolites. In addition, the connection between the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and the pathway of fatty acid-derived volatile biosynthesis was demonstrated by discovering that Tannin1 complex modulates fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of SbGL2 in sorghum, thus affecting the accumulation of fatty acid-derived volatiles. Taken together, our study identified Tannin1 as the gene underlying the major locus controlling bird feeding behavior in sorghum, illustrating an example of the identification of an ecologically impactful molecular mechanism from field observation and providing significant insights into the chemistry of bird-plant ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Chengxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aimal Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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16
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Zhao T, Wu J, Meng J, Shi P, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Sun X. Harvesting at the Right Time: Maturity and Its Effects on the Aromatic Characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon Wine. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152777. [PMID: 31366183 PMCID: PMC6696524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate how maturity affects the aroma characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon wine. A series of four Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines were produced from grapes of different harvest dates. The berries of sequential harvest treatments showed an increase in total soluble solids and anthocyanin and a decrease in titratable acidity. Berry shriveling was observed as berry weight decreased. In the wines, anthocyanin, dry extract, alcoholic strength, and pH were enhanced with the sequential harvest, whereas polyphenol and tannin were decreased. The concentrations of volatile compounds in sequential harvests were found to be at higher levels. Isopentanol, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, benzaldehyde, citronellol, and linalool significantly increased when harvest was delayed by one or two weeks. Through a principal component analysis, the volatile compounds and phenols characterizing each harvest date were clearly differentiated. These results suggest that sequential harvest may be an optional strategy for winemakers to produce high-quality wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangfei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengbao Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B. Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E2452. [PMID: 31277395 PMCID: PMC6651195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Lyu X, Lee J, Chen WN. Potential Natural Food Preservatives and Their Sustainable Production in Yeast: Terpenoids and Polyphenols. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4397-4417. [PMID: 30844263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids and polyphenols are high-valued plant secondary metabolites. Their high antimicrobial activities demonstrate their huge potential as natural preservatives in the food industry. With the rapid development of metabolic engineering, it has become possible to realize large-scale production of non-native terpenoids and polyphenols by using the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a cell factory. This review will summarize the major terpenoid and polyphenol compounds with high antimicrobial properties, describe their native metabolic pathways as well as antimicrobial mechanisms, and highlight current progress on their heterologous biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. Current challenges and perspectives for the sustainable production of terpenoid and polyphenol as natural food preservatives via S. cerevisiae will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
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Fukuoka N, Miyata M, Hamada T, Takeshita E. Occurrence of internal browning in tuberous roots of sweetpotato and its related starch biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:233-241. [PMID: 30578999 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although sweetpotato is an important crop worldwide, there has been almost no research on the occurrence of internal browning (IB) to date. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of occurrence of the disorder by using two types of cultivars with different IB susceptibility. In cells around the secondary vascular tissue, large size of starch grains accumulated in IB-susceptible cultivar compared with resistant one. Histochemical observation performed on cells around the secondary vascular tissues showed the presence of high levels of polyphenol oxidase activity, chlorogenic acid, and hydrogen peroxide in cells from the IB-affected regions in IB-susceptible cultivar. Likewise, high levels of starch content, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and polyphenol content were detected in the affected regions of IB-susceptible cultivar. In IB-susceptible cultivar, both the transcript levels of gens related starch and polyphenol biosynthesis were higher at an early stage of root maturation, while the levels in resistant cultivar were low at this stage and thereafter increased relatively more moderately. These observations suggest that the occurrence of IB disorder in sweetpotato largely depends on the morphology and timing of accumulated starch grain in cells around the secondary vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Fukuoka
- Experimental Farm, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Miyata
- Experimental Farm, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hamada
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Eishin Takeshita
- Ishikawa Sand Dune Agricultural Research Center, 5-2, Uchihisumi, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 929-1126, Japan.
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Arun J, Gopinath KP, SundarRajan P, JoselynMonica M, Felix V. Co-liquefaction of Prosopis juliflora with polyolefin waste for production of high grade liquid hydrocarbons. Bioresour Technol 2019; 274:296-301. [PMID: 30529335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, co-liquefaction (HTL) of Prosopis juliflora (PJ) biomass with polyolefin waste (PO) was performed to produce bio-oil. HTL on bio-oil yield was studied at varying PJ to PO ratios (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1) and temperatures from 340 to 440 °C. Bio-oil and HTL by-products were characterized by Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Bio-oil yield was around 61.23%wt at 420 °C for 3:1 blends with 3 wt% of HCl activated bentonite catalyst at 60 min holding time. HHV value was 46 MJ/Kg with 88.23% purity (petro-diesel). Additionally gas possessed 26.28% of Hydrogen gas, 45.59% of Carbon dioxide gas, 7.1% of Carbon monoxide gas, 8.12% of Methane gas and other elements. The energy recovery (78%) and carbon recovery (94%) was higher for 3:1 blends bio-oil than PO and PJ processed bio-oils. HTL wastewater possessed higher degree of reusability nature as HTL medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam -603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - PanneerSelvam SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam -603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marudai JoselynMonica
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam -603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vargees Felix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam -603110, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Wang J, Xu J, Gong X, Yang M, Zhang C, Li M. Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology of Polyphenols from Chinese Salvia Species: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E155. [PMID: 30609767 PMCID: PMC6337547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia species find widespread application in food and pharmaceutical products owing to their large polyphenol content. The main polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species are phenolic acids and flavonoids, which exhibit anti-oxygenation, anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-thrombosis, anti-tumour, and other therapeutic effects. However, there are few peer-reviewed studies on polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species, especially flavonoids. This review is a systematic, comprehensive collation of available information on the biosynthesis, chemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this review provides a detailed literary resource on the currently available information on various polyphenolic components of Chinese Salvia species, including their bioactivities and structures. In addition, the study provides information that would encourage further investigation of this plant material as a natural resource with potential for a broad range of applications in various industries, such as the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianping Xu
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xue Gong
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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22
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Gao N, Wang Y, Jiao X, Chou S, Li E, Li B. Preparative Purification of Polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa (Chokeberry) with Cellular Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E139. [PMID: 29320456 PMCID: PMC6017104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the purification process of polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry), and the purification parameters were optimised by adsorption and desorption tests. By comparing adsorption and desorption ability of polyphenols from chokeberry on six kinds of macroporous resin, XAD-7 resin was selected. Experiments prove that the best purification parameters of static adsorption and desorption were sample pH = 4.0 with 4 h of adsorption; and desorption solvent is 95% ethanol (pH = 7.0) with 2 h of desorption. The best dynamic parameters were 9.3 bed volume (BV) of sample loading amount at a feeding flow rate of 2 BV/h, and washing the column with 5.8 BV of water, followed by subsequent elution with an eluent volume of 5.0 mL at an elution flow rate of 2 BV/h. Next the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of polyphenols from chokeberry, blueberries, haskap berries was studied on HepG2 human liver cancer cells. The results show that polyphenol from chokeberry has a strong antioxidant effect. Taking into account the content of polyphenols in fruit, polyphenols from chokeberry represent a very valuable natural antioxidant source with antiproliferative products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxuan Gao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Xinyao Jiao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Shurui Chou
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Enhui Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
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Zhou P, Li Q, Liu G, Xu N, Yang Y, Zeng W, Chen A, Wang S. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveals critical metabolic pathways involved in polyphenol biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum under chilling stress. Funct Plant Biol 2018; 46:30-43. [PMID: 30939256 DOI: 10.1071/fp18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress increases the amount of polyphenols, especially lignin, which protects tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. k326) from chilling stress. To clarify the molecular biosynthesis mechanism of the key representative compounds, specifically lignin, RNA sequencing and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry technologies were used to construct transcriptomic and metabolomic libraries from the leaves of tobacco plants subjected to normal (25°C) and chilling (4°C) temperature treatments. Transcriptomic libraries from the different samples were sequenced, generating more than 40million raw reads. Among nine samples, metabolomic analysis identified a total of 97 encoding enzymes that function in the key steps of pathways related to polyphenol biosynthesis, where 42 metabolites were also located. An integrated analysis of metabolic and transcriptomic data revealed that most of the intermediate metabolites and enzymes related to lignin biosynthesis were synthesised in the leaves under chilling stress, which suggests that the biosynthesis of lignin plays an important role in the response of tobacco leaves to cold temperatures. In addition, the cold insensitivity of chalcone synthase genes might be considered to be an important rate-limiting factor in the process of precursor substance flow to flavonoid biosynthesis under chilling stress. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) under chilling stress is the key to an increase in lignin synthesis. This study provides a hypothetical basis for the screening of new active metabolites and the metabolic engineering of polyphenols in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zeng
- Longyan Tobacco Agricultural Science Institute, Longyan, Fujian 364000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Dai X, Gao L, Guo L, Zhuang J, Liu Y, Ma X, Wang R, Xia T, Wang Y. Functional Analysis of an Uridine Diphosphate Glycosyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Polyphenolic Glucoside in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis). J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10993-11001. [PMID: 29161813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are one of the largest groups of compounds that confer benefits to the health of plants and humans. Flavonol glycosides are a major ingredient of polyphenols in Camellia sinensis. Flavonol-3-O-glycosides are characteristic astringent taste compounds in tea infusion. A polyphenolic glycosyltransferase (CsUGT72AM1) belonging to cluster IIIb was isolated from the tea plant. The full-length cDNA of CsUGT72AM1 is 1416 bp. It encodes 472 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 50.92 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.21. The recombinant CsUGT72AM1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and exhibited catalytic activity toward multiple flavonoids and coniferyl aldehyde. The enzyme assay indicated that rCsUGT72AM1 could perform glycosidation of flavonols or coniferyl aldehyde in vitro to form 3-O-glucoside or 4-O-glucoside, respectively. Interestingly, this enzyme also had activities and performed multisite glycosidation toward flavanones. The consistent products were confirmed to be naringenin-7-O-glucoside and -4'-O-glucoside by the nuclear magnetism assay. In addition, in the enzyme assay with cyanidin as the substrate, the results suggested that the glycosylated activity of CsUGT72AM1 was remarkably inhibited by a high concentration of anthocyanins. The above results indicate that CsUGT72AM1 may be involved in the metabolism of flavonol, flavanone, anthocyanin, and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Dai
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubing Ma
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Life Science and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Hasan MM, Bashir T, Bae H. Use of Ultrasonication Technology for the Increased Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2017; 22:E1046. [PMID: 28644383 PMCID: PMC6152368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) provide taste, color, odor, and resistance to plants, and they are also used to treat cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Synthesis of PSMs in plants is stimulated in response to different forms of external stress. Use of ultrasonication (US) to clean or decontaminate fruits and vegetables leads to physical stress that finally results in the accumulation of PSMs. US can stimulate accumulation of taxol, ginsenoside saponins, shikonin, and resveratrol, e.g., up to 319-fold increase of resveratrol synthesis has been observed in grape due to US. US also increases carotenoids, total phenolics, and isoflavonoids accumulation. Furthermore, US shows synergistic effects in PSMs synthesis-when combined with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA). It has been observed that US stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which then upregulates expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), resulting in the synthesis of PSMs. In this review, we summarize the effects of US, as a physical stress, to maximize the accumulation of PSMs in crop produce and in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohidul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Tufail Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Tak H, Negi S, Ganapathi TR. Overexpression of MusaMYB31, a R2R3 type MYB transcription factor gene indicate its role as a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in banana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172695. [PMID: 28234982 PMCID: PMC5325293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin and polyphenols are important cellular components biosynthesized through phenylpropanoid pathway. Phenylpropanoid pathway in plants is regulated by some important transcription factors including R2R3 MYB transcription factors. In this study, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a banana R2R3-MYB transcription factor (MusaMYB31) by overexpression in transgenic banana plants and evaluated its potential role in regulating biosynthesis of lignin and polyphenols. Sequence analysis of MusaMYB31 indicated its clustering with members of subgroup 4 (Sg4) of R2R3MYB family which are well known for their role as repressors of lignin biosynthesis. Expression analysis indicated higher expression of MusaMYB31 in corm and root tissue, known for presence of highly lignified tissue than other organs of banana. Overexpression of MusaMYB31 in banana cultivar Rasthali was carried out and four transgenic lines were confirmed by GUS histochemical staining, PCR analysis and Southern blot. Histological and biochemical analysis suggested reduction of cell wall lignin in vascular elements of banana. Transgenic lines showed alteration in transcript levels of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes including lignin biosynthesis pathway genes. Reduction of total polyphenols content in transgenic lines was in line with the observation related to repression of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes. This study suggested the potential role of MusaMYB31 as repressor of lignin and polyphenols biosynthesis in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjana Negi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - T. R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Vazquez-Ovando A, Ovando-Medina I, Adriano-Anaya L, Betancur-Ancona D, Salvador-Figueroa M. Cacao alkaloids and polyphenols: Mechanisms that regulate their biosynthesis and its im- plications on the taste and aroma. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2016; 66:239-254. [PMID: 29870611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavor and aroma of cacao (Theobroma cacao) beans were the main reasons that promoted its domestication and food-use by pre-Columbian peoples of Mesoamerica. Polyphenols and alkaloids are compounds that directly affect the flavor of the cocoa beans and indirectly on the flavor precursors. The alkaloids are associated with bitterness; its concentration is related to the cultivar and its modifying through the processing. Polyphenols molecules are responsible together with other molecules of the astringency (not desirable in chocolate), but also are responsible for antioxidant properties, very desirable by consumers. This review focuses on aspects of the biosynthesis of these important molecules in cocoa beans as well as implications in taste and flavor. The changes of these molecules that occur during processing are also approached.
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Gao Y, Li XX, Han MM, Yang XF, Li Z, Wang J, Pan QH. Rain-Shelter Cultivation Modifies Carbon Allocation in the Polyphenolic and Volatile Metabolism of Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay Grapes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156117. [PMID: 27218245 PMCID: PMC4878772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of rain-shelter cultivation on the biosynthesis of flavonoids and volatiles in grapes, with an aim of determining whether rain-shelter application could help to improve the sensory attributes and quality of grapes. Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grapes, grown in the Huaizhuo basin region of northern China, were selected within two consecutive years. A rain-shelter roof was constructed using a colorless polyethylene (PE) film with a light transmittance of 80%. Results showed that rain-shelter treatment did not affect the accumulation of soluble solids during grape maturation. However, the allocation of assimilated carbon in phenolic and volatile biosynthetic pathways varied significantly, leading to alterations in polyphenolic and volatile profiles. The rain-shelter cultivation enhanced the concentration of flavan-3-ols via the flavonoid-3’5’-hydroxylase (F3’5’H) pathway, but reduced the level of flavonols and flavan-3-ols via the flavonoid-3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) pathway. In addition, the rain-shelter cultivation significantly enhanced the synthesis of fatty acid-derived volatiles, isoprene-derived terpenoids and amino acid-derived branched-chain aliphatics, but led to a decrease in the accumulation of isoprene-derived norisoprenoids and amino acid-derived benzenoids. Principal component analysis revealed some key compounds that differentiated the grapes cultivated under open-field and rain-shelter conditions. Moreover, the effect of the rain-shelter application on the accumulation of these compounds appeared to be vintage dependent. The alteration of their profiles caused by the rain-shelter treatment was significant in the vintage that received higher rainfall, which usually took place in the first rapid growth and veraison phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Mei Han
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wang G, Wu L, Zhang H, Wu W, Zhang M, Li X, Wu H. Regulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway: A Mechanism of Selenium Tolerance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3626-35. [PMID: 27089243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms of selenium (Se) tolerance in peanut seedlings, we grew peanut seedlings with sodium selenite (0, 3, and 6 mg/L), and investigated the phenylpropanoids metabolism in seedling roots. The results showed that selenite up-regulated the expression of genes and related enzyme activities involving in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis cascade, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, trans-cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase. Selenite significantly increased phenolic acids and flavonoids, which contributed to the alleviation of selenite-induced stress. Moreover, selenite enhanced the formation of endodermis in roots, which may be attributed to the up-regulation of lignin biosynthesis mediated by the selenite-induced changes of H2O2 and NO, which probably regulated the selenite uptake from an external medium. Accumulation of polyphenolic compounds via the phenylpropanoid pathway may be one of the mechanisms of the increasing selenite tolerance in plants, by which peanut seedlings survived in seleniferous soil, accompanied by accumulation of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liying Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Benincasa P, Galieni A, Manetta AC, Pace R, Guiducci M, Pisante M, Stagnari F. Phenolic compounds in grains, sprouts and wheatgrass of hulled and non-hulled wheat species. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1795-1803. [PMID: 25131800 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of sprouts and young plantlets in human nutrition is increasing because they often contain phytochemicals and other high value nutrients. This is also the case for wheat, although there is no literature for hulled wheat species. Thus we determined total polyphenols, phenolic acids (PAs), fibre and minerals in grains, 5-day-old sprouts and 12-day-old wheatgrass of einkorn (cv. Monlis), emmer (cvs Augeo, Rosso Rubino, Zefiro), spelt (cvs Pietro, Giuseppe), durum wheat (cv. Creso) and soft wheat (cv. Orso). RESULTS Grains of einkorn and emmer contained twice bound PAs as compared to soft and durum wheat and spelt, with p-coumaric acid accounting for about 50% of total bound PAs. In wheatgrass, differences between species for bound PAs decreased due to a decrease in einkorn and emmer and an increase in soft and durum wheat. In all species, total phenols and free PAs increased passing from grains to sprouts and wheatgrass. Neutral and acid detergent fibre content increased with sprouting only in einkorn and emmer. CONCLUSION Our evidence suggests that the grains of einkorn and emmer and the sprouts and wheatgrass of all Triticum species might potentially be valuable for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benincasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Manetta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Guiducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
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Rahmati M, Vercambre G, Davarynejad G, Bannayan M, Azizi M, Génard M. Water scarcity conditions affect peach fruit size and polyphenol contents more severely than other fruit quality traits. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1055-65. [PMID: 24948582 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature abounds with the impacts of drought conditions on the concentration of non-structural compounds (NSC) in peach fruits without distinction as to the direct effect of drought on fruit metabolism and its indirect effect through dilution. Moreover, there is a need to investigate the sensitivity of the fruit composition to progressive water deficit in semi-arid conditions, as well as the origin of variations in fruit composition - not only in carbohydrates and organic acids, but also in secondary metabolites such as polyphenols. RESULTS The increase in stress intensity resulted in smaller fruits and a reduction in yield. Drought increased fruit dry matter content, structural dry matter (SDM) content and firmness due to lower water import to fruits, although drought reduced fruit surface conductance and its transpiration. Drought significantly affected the concentrations of each NSC either through the decrease in dilution and/or modifications of their metabolism. The increase in hexoses and sorbitol concentrations of fruits grown under drought conditions resulted in an increase in the sweetness index but not near harvest. Malic acid concentration and content:SDM ratio increased as drought intensified, whereas those of citric and quinic acids decreased. Polyphenol concentration and content increased under severe drought. CONCLUSION The increase in stress intensity strongly affected fruit mass. The concentration of total carbohydrates and organic acid at harvest increased mainly through a decrease in fruit dilution, whereas the concentrations of polyphenols were also strongly affected through an impact on their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Rahmati
- INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, P.O. Box 84914, Avignon, France; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
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Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Schmitzer V, Slatnar A, Stampar F, Veberic R. A comparison of fruit quality parameters of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) growing at different locations. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:776-85. [PMID: 25186189 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a part of the ongoing interest in nutritional and nutraceutical properties of locally produced fruits, the aim of the article was to determine sugars, organic acids, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of wild bilberries grown in Slovenia. Primary and secondary metabolite composition of bilberry fruit was compared among six phyto-climatic conditions, differing in photosynthetic active radiation and light intensity. RESULTS Three sugars were quantified in bilberry fruit, the predominant being fructose and glucose, along with five organic acids. Bilberry fruit contained high levels of anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin and peonidin glycosides), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and low levels of flavonol glycosides (mainly quercetin and myricetin glycosides), flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and iridoids. The results of the study indicate that bilberries growing in sites with high photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) contained higher levels of total sugars, anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids and lower levels of organic acids compared with bilberry fruit from low-light locations. Consequently, total phenolic content and antioxidative capacity of the fruit from high-PAR locations were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Bilberries from different natural habitats differ significantly in the quantity of sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds. Our results contribute to a fuller understanding of the relationships between environmental factors and accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in bilberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Song CZ, Liu MY, Meng JF, Chi M, Xi ZM, Zhang ZW. Promoting effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on accumulation of sugar and phenolics in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on zinc deficient soil. Molecules 2015; 20:2536-54. [PMID: 25648596 PMCID: PMC6272641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on berry development of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils was investigated over two consecutive seasons, 2013 and 2014. Initial zinc concentration in soil and vines, photosynthesis at three berry developmental stages, berry weight, content of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolics and expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout the stages were measured. Foliage sprayed zinc sulfate showed promoting effects on photosynthesis and berry development of vines and the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturation. Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity. Furthermore, foliage sprayed zinc sulfate could significantly influence the expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout berry development, and the results of expression analysis supported the promotion of Zn treatments on phenolics accumulation. This research is the first comprehensive and detailed study about the effect of foliage sprayed Zn fertilizer on grape berry development, phenolics accumulation and gene expression in berry skin, providing a basis for improving the quality of grape and wine in Zn-deficient areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zheng Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mei-Ying Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiang-Fei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ming Chi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhu-Mei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang X, Gou M, Guo C, Yang H, Liu CJ. Down-regulation of Kelch domain-containing F-box protein in Arabidopsis enhances the production of (poly)phenols and tolerance to ultraviolet radiation. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:337-50. [PMID: 25502410 PMCID: PMC4326750 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.249136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders myriad phenolics with diverse biological functions. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first committed enzyme in the pathway, directing primary metabolic flux into a phenylpropanoid branch. Previously, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Kelch domain-containing F-box proteins, AtKFB01, AtKFB20, and AtKFB50, function as the negative regulators controlling phenylpropanoid biosynthesis via mediating PAL's ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we reveal that Arabidopsis KFB39, a close homolog of AtKFB50, also interacts physically with PAL isozymes and modulates PAL stability and activity. Disturbing the expression of KFB39 reciprocally affects the accumulation/deposition of a set of phenylpropanoid end products, suggesting that KFB39 is an additional posttranslational regulator responsible for the turnover of PAL and negatively controlling phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, we discover that exposure of Arabidopsis to ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation suppresses the expression of all four KFB genes while inducing the transcription of PAL isogenes; these data suggest that Arabidopsis consolidates both transcriptional and posttranslational regulation mechanisms to maximize its responses to UV light stress. Simultaneous down-regulation of all four identified KFBs significantly enhances the production of (poly)phenols and the plant's tolerance to UV irradiation. This study offers a biotechnological approach for engineering the production of useful phenolic chemicals and for increasing a plant's resistance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zhang
- Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (X.Z., M.G., H.Y., C.-J.L.);College of Art and Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China (C.G.); andBiochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11972 (H.Y.)
| | - Mingyue Gou
- Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (X.Z., M.G., H.Y., C.-J.L.);College of Art and Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China (C.G.); andBiochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11972 (H.Y.)
| | - Chunrong Guo
- Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (X.Z., M.G., H.Y., C.-J.L.);College of Art and Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China (C.G.); andBiochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11972 (H.Y.)
| | - Huijun Yang
- Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (X.Z., M.G., H.Y., C.-J.L.);College of Art and Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China (C.G.); andBiochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11972 (H.Y.)
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (X.Z., M.G., H.Y., C.-J.L.);College of Art and Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People's Republic of China (C.G.); andBiochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11972 (H.Y.)
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Zhao Y, Xi Q, Xu Q, He M, Ding J, Dai Y, Keller NP, Zheng W. Correlation of nitric oxide produced by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-like protein with enhanced expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Inonotus obliquus cocultured with Phellinus morii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4361-72. [PMID: 25582560 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal interspecific interactions enhance biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites (PM), and production of nitric oxide (NO) is known to be involved in this process. However, it remains unknown which signaling pathway(s) or regulator(s) mediate fungal PM biosynthesis. In this study, we cocultured two white-rot fungi, Inonotus obliquus and Phellinus morii, to examine NO production, expression of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and accumulation of phenylpropanoid-derived polyphenols by I. obliquus. Coculture of the two fungi caused an enhanced NO biosynthesis followed by increased transcription of the genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), as well as an upregulated biosynthesis of styrylpyrone polyphenols in I. obliquus. Addition of the NO synthase (NOS) selective inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) inhibited NO production by more than 90% followed by cease in transcription of PAL and 4Cl. Treatment of guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one did not affect NO production but suppressed transcription of PAL and 4CL and reduced accumulation of total phenolic constituents. Genome-wide analysis of I. obliquus revealed two genes encoding a constitutive and an inducible NOS-like protein, respectively (cNOSL and iNOSL). Coculture of the two fungi did not increase the expression of the cNOSL gene but triggered expression of the iNOSL gene. Cloned iNOSL from Escherichia coli shows higher activity in transferring L-arginine to NO, and this activity is lost upon AG addition. Thus, iNOSL is more responsible for NO production in I. obliquus and may act as an important regulator governing PM production during fungal interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Carvacho HB, Pérez C, Zúñiga G, Mahn A. Effect of methyl jasmonate, sodium selenate and chitosan as exogenous elicitors on the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2555-61. [PMID: 24497113 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broccoli sprouts are a good source of secondary metabolites, exhibiting biological activity, such as polyphenols, whose concentration is affected by the exposure to exogenous elicitors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium selenate, chitosan and methyl jasmonate, applied directly to the seeds or through irrigation, on the content and profile of phenolic compounds in broccoli sprouts. The effect on antioxidant activity was also investigated. RESULTS Methyl jasmonate and chitosan decreased antioxidant capacity. Methyl jasmonate significantly decreased total polyphenols content in comparison with control sprouts, while chitosan significantly increased it. Sodium selenate had no statistical effect on antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols concentration. The polyphenols profile in sprouts was composed by quercetin, morine, genisteine, luteoline and sinapic acid. Elicitor type and concentration affected the synthesis of these compounds. Chitosan stimulated the synthesis of quercetin, sinapic acid and morine, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulated the synthesis of luteoline. Sodium selenate had no effect on polyphenols synthesis. CONCLUSION The exposure of broccoli to the elicitors produced changes in the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts. Besides, the stimulation of phenolic compounds synthesis was elicitor-specific, thus opening the possibility of managing culture conditions to increase the content of a specific phenolic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herna Barrientos Carvacho
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, 9170019, Chile
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Sytar O, Borankulova A, Hemmerich I, Rauh C, Smetanska I. Effect of chlorocholine chlorid on phenolic acids accumulation and polyphenols formation of buckwheat plants. Biol Res 2014; 47:19. [PMID: 25027783 PMCID: PMC4101719 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on phenolic acids composition and polyphenols accumulation in various anatomical parts (stems, leaves and inflorescences) of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in the early stages of vegetation period were surveyed. RESULTS Treatment of buckwheat seeds with 2% of CCC has been increased content of total phenolics in the stems, leaves and inflorescences. On analyzing the different parts of buckwheat plants, 9 different phenolic acids - vanilic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, salycilic acid, cinamic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-anisic acid, methoxycinamic acid and catechins were identified. The levels of identified phenolic acids varied not only significantly among the plant organs but also between early stages of vegetation period. Same changes as in contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid were found for content of salycilic acid. The content of these phenolic acids has been significant increased under effect of 2% CCC treatment at the phase I (formation of buds) in the stems and at the phase II (beginning of flowering) in the leaves and then inflorescences respectively. The content of catechins as potential buckwheat antioxidants has been increased at the early stages of vegetation period after treatment with 2% CCC. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that influence of CCC on the phenolics composition can be a result of various mechanisms of CCC uptake, transforming and/or its translocation in the buckwheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- />Plant Physiology and Ecology Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Biology, Volodymyrskya str., 64, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
| | - Asel Borankulova
- />Department of Technology of Food Products, Processing Industries and Biotechnology, Taraz State University named after MK Dulati, Suleimen Str., 7, Taraz, 080012 Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Irene Hemmerich
- />Department of Methods of Food Biotechnology, Berlin University of Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Koenigin Luise Str. 22, Berlin, D-14195 Germany
| | - Cornelia Rauh
- />Department of Methods of Food Biotechnology, Berlin University of Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Koenigin Luise Str. 22, Berlin, D-14195 Germany
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- />Department of Methods of Food Biotechnology, Berlin University of Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Koenigin Luise Str. 22, Berlin, D-14195 Germany
- />Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Food Processing, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Steingruberstr. 2, Weidenbach, 91746 Germany
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Kårlund A, Salminen JP, Koskinen P, Ahern JR, Karonen M, Tiilikkala K, Karjalainen RO. Polyphenols in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) leaves induced by plant activators. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4592-600. [PMID: 24819677 DOI: 10.1021/jf405589f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry leaves contain high amounts of diverse phenolic compounds potentially possessing defensive activities against microbial pathogens and beneficial properties for human health. In this work, young strawberry plants were treated with two plant activators, S-methylbenzo-1,2,3-thaidiazole-7-carbothiate (BTH) and birch wood distillate. Phenolic compounds from activator-treated and control leaves were subjected to quantitative analyses by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, and microQTOF ESI-MS. Thirty-two different phenolic compounds were detected and characterized, and 21 different ellagitannins constituted the largest group of compounds in the strawberry leaves (37.88-45.82 mg/g dry weight, 47.0-54.3% of total phenolics). Treatment with BTH resulted in higher levels of individual ellagitannins, whereas treatment with birch wood distillate strongly increased the levels of chlorogenic acid in strawberry leaves compared with the control. The results suggest that different plant activators may be useful tools for the activation of different branches in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Verdu CF, Childebrand N, Marnet N, Lebail G, Dupuis F, Laurens F, Guilet D, Guyot S. Polyphenol variability in the fruits and juices of a cider apple progeny. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1305-1314. [PMID: 24115016 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols have a favourable antioxidant potential on human health, suggesting that their high content in apple is responsible for the beneficial effects of apple consumption. They are also linked to the quality of apple juices and ciders since they are predominantly responsible for astringency, bitterness and colour. Major phenolic compounds were quantified by liquid chromatography in fruits and juices from a cider apple progeny harvested for 3 years. The total content of procyanidins and their average degree of polymerisation (DPn) were also determined in fruits by phloroglucinolysis. Variability and extraction yield of these compounds were determined. RESULTS The variability observed in the progeny was representative of the variability observed in many cider apple varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the most extractable group, with an average extraction yield of 67%, whereas flavonols and anthocyanins were the least. CONCLUSION This study is the first to introduce variability and extraction yields of the main phenolic compounds in both fruits and juices of a cider apple progeny. This dataset will be used for an upcoming QTL mapping study, an original approach that has never been undertaken for cider apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy F Verdu
- Université d'Angers, EA 921, Laboratoire de Substances d'Origine Naturelle et Analogues Structuraux, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, 49045, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, 49045, Angers, France; AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 49045, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Re GA, Piluzza G, Sulas L, Franca A, Porqueddu C, Sanna F, Bullitta S. Condensed tannin accumulation and nitrogen fixation potential of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. grown in a Mediterranean environment. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:639-45. [PMID: 24170625 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a forage legume found in temperate areas but is less widespread in Mediterranean environments. Compared with other perennial legumes, it has the advantage of containing condensed tannins (CT) that can be important for their implications on ruminant nutrition and health. Data on nitrogen (N) fixation by sainfoin in the literature originate from very different environments and only a few field data are available, so it is important to improve knowledge on the N fixation potential of this species, particularly under a Mediterranean climate. Here the accumulation pattern of polyphenolic compounds (total, non-tannic polyphenols and CT) and the N fixation potential of sainfoin were studied in order to contribute to its valorisation for sustainable farming management in Mediterranean environments. RESULTS CT concentrations were always in the range considered beneficial for animals, not exceeding 50 g delphinidin equivalent kg⁻¹ dry matter (DM). The regression of aerial fixed N on aerial DM showed a relationship of 22 kg fixed N t⁻¹ aerial DM in a Mediterranean environment. CONCLUSION A wider exploitation of sainfoin is suggested for production under rain-fed conditions, thus enlarging the limited set of available perennial legumes suitable for Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Re
- CNR-ISPAAM, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Da Silva C, Zamperin G, Ferrarini A, Minio A, Dal Molin A, Venturini L, Buson G, Tononi P, Avanzato C, Zago E, Boido E, Dellacassa E, Gaggero C, Pezzotti M, Carrau F, Delledonne M. The high polyphenol content of grapevine cultivar tannat berries is conferred primarily by genes that are not shared with the reference genome. Plant Cell 2013; 25:4777-88. [PMID: 24319081 PMCID: PMC3903987 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Tannat is cultivated mainly in Uruguay for the production of high-quality red wines. Tannat berries have unusually high levels of polyphenolic compounds, producing wines with an intense purple color and remarkable antioxidant properties. We investigated the genetic basis of these important characteristics by sequencing the genome of the Uruguayan Tannat clone UY11 using Illumina technology, followed by a mixture of de novo assembly and iterative mapping onto the PN40024 reference genome. RNA sequencing data for genome reannotation were processed using a combination of reference-guided annotation and de novo transcript assembly, allowing 5901 previously unannotated or unassembled genes to be defined and resulting in the discovery of 1873 genes that were not shared with PN40024. Expression analysis showed that these cultivar-specific genes contributed substantially (up to 81.24%) to the overall expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds that contribute to the unique characteristics of the Tannat berries. The characterization of the Tannat genome therefore indicated that the grapevine reference genome lacks many genes that appear to be relevant for the varietal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Da Silva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gianpiero Zamperin
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Minio
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dal Molin
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Venturini
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Genny Buson
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Tononi
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Carla Avanzato
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zago
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Eduardo Boido
- Sección Enología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República,11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Dellacassa
- Sección Enología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República,11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carina Gaggero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francisco Carrau
- Sección Enología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República,11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Address correspondence to
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Rock CD. Trans-acting small interfering RNA4: key to nutraceutical synthesis in grape development? Trends Plant Sci 2013; 18:601-10. [PMID: 23993483 PMCID: PMC3818397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The facility and versatility of microRNAs (miRNAs) to evolve and change likely underlies how they have become dominant constituents of eukaryotic genomes. In this opinion article I propose that trans-acting small interfering RNA gene 4 (TAS4) evolution may be important for biosynthesis of polyphenolics, arbuscular symbiosis, and bacterial pathogen etiologies. Expression-based and phylogenetic evidence shows that TAS4 targets two novel grape (Vitis vinifera L.) MYB transcription factors (VvMYBA6, VvMYBA7) that spawn phased small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which probably function in nutraceutical bioflavonoid biosynthesis and fruit development. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms of TAS4 control of plant development and integration into biotic and abiotic stress- and nutrient-signaling regulatory networks has applicability to molecular breeding and the development of strategies for engineering healthier foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, USA.
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Sekizawa H, Ikuta K, Mizuta K, Takechi S, Suzutani T. Relationship between polyphenol content and anti-influenza viral effects of berries. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2239-2241. [PMID: 23355221 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berries are known to have many kinds of biological activities. We focused on their antiviral effect, which has not yet been well evaluated. RESULTS We compared the anti-influenza viral effects of berries belonging to the genus Vaccinium - 35 species of blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus), the Natsuhaze (Vaccinium oldhamii), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos)- with those belonging to the genus Ribes, i.e. blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum). Only Elliott and Legacy among Northern Highbush varieties but many Rabbiteye varieties such as Austin, Baldwin, Brightblue, Festival, T-100 and Tifblue showed anti-influenza viral activity. Natsuhaze, bilberry, cranberry and blackcurrant had high antiviral effects. A relationship was observed between the antiviral effect and total polyphenol content. CONCLUSIONS Antiviral effects were found to differ markedly between berry species. Rabbiteye varieties tended to have higher antiviral effects than Northern, Southern and Half Highbush blueberry varieties. We also found that Natsuhaze, which has recently been harvested in Japan as a potential functional food, had an antiviral effect comparable to that of bilberry, cranberry and blackcurrant. There was a positive relationship between antiviral activity and polyphenol content, indicating the possibility that polyphenol is one of the key factors in the antiviral effects of berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Sekizawa
- Product Quality and Processing Division, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Fukushima, Japan
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Ahmad A, Shafique S, Shafique S. Cytological and physiological basis for tomato varietal resistance against Alternaria alternata. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2315-22. [PMID: 23423943 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since tomato is an important food component, it is imperative to enhance its yield against the activities of many devastating fungal pathogens such as Alternaria alternata. The exploitation of plant innate resistance by cultivation of resistant varieties is an effective measure in this regard. In the present study, 28 tomato varieties were tested against 32 A. alternata isolates, and representative varieties were further evaluated to determine the extent and basis of their antifungal resistance. RESULTS A significant increase (104.7%) in polyphenols was recorded in the resistant variety Dinaar compared with the susceptible variety Red Tara. Dinaar also exhibited 100% enhancement of alkaloids and terpenoids along with a 30.7% increase in cell wall hemicellulose content. Significant differences were found in physical barriers (cellulose, lignin and pectin) of the representative varieties when stained tissue sections were subjected to colorimetric analysis. Similarly, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase showed increases of 78.37, 114.67 and 125.11% respectively in the resistant variety. Higher expression of glucanase genes was evident from native gel analysis, in which not only the number of isozymes but also the quantity of individual isozymes was significantly increased. CONCLUSION The resistant variety Dinaar had strong antifungal resistance and can therefore be recommended as suitable for cultivation in the agricultural system of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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45
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Song JY, Luo HM, Li CF, Sun C, Xu J, Chen SL. [Salvia miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1099-1106. [PMID: 24133975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on medicinal model organism is one of the core technologies to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The research progress of Salvia miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant is summarized in this paper. The genome of S. miltiorrhiza is small and its life cycle is short, as well as this plant can be stably genetically transformed. Because S. miltiorrhiza possesses the important medicinal and economic values, recently the transcriptome and genome of S. miltiorrhiza have been significantly recovered. The research prospect of S. miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant in TCM was discussed, including biosynthesis of active components and their genetic regulation, relationship between quality of TCM and ecological environments, and selective breeding of good quality lines. Furthermore, as medicinal model plant, the construction of mutant library for S. miltiorrhiza, the genome map with high quality, and the functional genome should be investigated. Accompanying modern investigation of life sciences, the platform for medicinal model plant, S. miltiorrhiza, will be promoted to be established. It is important to develop the ethnopharmacology and new drugs around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Thill J, Regos I, Farag MA, Ahmad AF, Kusek J, Castro A, Schlangen K, Carbonero CH, Gadjev IZ, Smith LMJ, Halbwirth H, Treutter D, Stich K. Polyphenol metabolism provides a screening tool for beneficial effects of Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin). Phytochemistry 2012; 82:67-80. [PMID: 22818525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) is a traditional fodder legume showing multiple benefits for the environment, animal health and productivity but weaker agronomic performance in comparison to other legumes. Benefits can be mainly ascribed to the presence of polyphenols. The polyphenol metabolism in O. viciifolia was studied at the level of gene expression, enzyme activity, polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activity. A screening of 37 accessions regarding each of these characters showed a huge variability between individual samples. Principal component analysis revealed that flavonols and flavan 3-ols are the most relevant variables for discrimination of the accessions. The determination of the activities of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and flavonol synthase provides a suitable screening tool for the estimation of the ratio of flavonols to flavan 3-ols and can be used for the selection of samples from those varieties that have a specific optimal ratio of these compounds for further breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Thill
- Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Vienna, Austria
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Heimler D, Vignolini P, Arfaioli P, Isolani L, Romani A. Conventional, organic and biodynamic farming: differences in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Batavia lettuce. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:551-6. [PMID: 21935957 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactuca sativa L. ssp. acephala L., cv. Batavia red Mohican plants were cultivated under intensive conventional, organic and biodynamic farming and were analyzed for their polyphenol content and antiradical activity in order to demonstrate the influence of farming on yield, polyphenol content and antiradical activity. RESULTS The yield of plants from conventional farming was the highest (2.89 kg m⁻²), while polyphenol content, measured by spectrophotometry, of these plants was lower at P < 0.05 (1.36 mg g⁻¹) than the content of plants from organic and biodynamic farming (1.74 and 1.85 mg g⁻¹, respectively). The antiradical activity, measured by DPPH · assay, was positively correlated to flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acid contents. CONCLUSION Flavonoid, hydroxycinnamic acid and anthocyan patterns were not affected by the type of cultivation, while quantitative differences were demonstrated and some differences were found between conventional farming and organic or biodynamic farming. The yield of conventionally grown salads was the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Heimler
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, del Suolo e dell'Ambiente Agroforestale, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy.
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Sugiyama A, Linley PJ, Sasaki K, Kumano T, Yamamoto H, Shitan N, Ohara K, Takanashi K, Harada E, Hasegawa H, Terakawa T, Kuzuyama T, Yazaki K. Metabolic engineering for the production of prenylated polyphenols in transgenic legume plants using bacterial and plant prenyltransferases. Metab Eng 2011; 13:629-37. [PMID: 21835257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated polyphenols are secondary metabolites beneficial for human health because of their various biological activities. Metabolic engineering was performed using Streptomyces and Sophora flavescens prenyltransferase genes to produce prenylated polyphenols in transgenic legume plants. Three Streptomyces genes, NphB, SCO7190, and NovQ, whose gene products have broad substrate specificity, were overexpressed in a model legume, Lotus japonicus, in the cytosol, plastids or mitochondria with modification to induce the protein localization. Two plant genes, N8DT and G6DT, from Sophora flavescens whose gene products show narrow substrate specificity were also overexpressed in Lotus japonicus. Prenylated polyphenols were undetectable in these plants; however, supplementation of a flavonoid substrate resulted in the production of prenylated polyphenols such as 7-O-geranylgenistein, 6-dimethylallylnaringenin, 6-dimethylallylgenistein, 8-dimethylallynaringenin, and 6-dimethylallylgenistein in transgenic plants. Although transformants with the native NovQ did not produce prenylated polyphenols, modification of its codon usage led to the production of 6-dimethylallylnaringenin and 6-dimethylallylgenistein in transformants following naringenin supplementation. Prenylated polyphenols were not produced in mitochondrial-targeted transformants even under substrate feeding. SCO7190 was also expressed in soybean, and dimethylallylapigenin and dimethylallyldaidzein were produced by supplementing naringenin. This study demonstrated the potential for the production of novel prenylated polyphenols in transgenic plants. In particular, the enzymatic properties of prenyltransferases seemed to be altered in transgenic plants in a host species-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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Zhao SJ, Zhang JJ, Yang L, Wang ZT, Hu ZB. Determination and biosynthesis of multiple salvianolic acids in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2011; 46:1352-6. [PMID: 22260028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) hairy roots were obtained by infecting Danshen leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402. Besides rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), the hairy root could also produce salvianolic acid K (SAK), salvianolic acid L, ethyl salvianolic acid B (ESAB), methyl salvianolic acid B (MSAB), and a compound with a molecular weight of 538 (compound 538) identified by using LC-MS. Effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast elicitor (YE) on the accumulation of these compounds had been investigated. MeJA increased the accumulation of SAB, RA, SAK, and compound 538 from 4.21%, 2.48%, 0.29%, and 0.01% of dry weight to 7.11%, 3.38%, 0.68%, and 0.04%, respectively. YE stimulated the biosynthesis of RA from 2.83% to 5.71%, but depressed the synthesis of SAB, SAK and compound 538. It was indicated in all the results that these Danshen hairy roots could be used as alternative resources to produce salvianolic acids. Analysis of the content variation of these compounds after elicitation suggested that SAK and compound 538 might be the intermediates in the biosynthesis from RA to SAB in Danshen hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-juan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Li Y, Sun C, Luo HM, Li XW, Niu YY, Chen SL. [Transcriptome characterization for Salvia miltiorrhiza using 454 GS FLX]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2010; 45:524-529. [PMID: 21355222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the profile of gene expression in Salvia miltiorrhiza and elucidate its functional gene, 454 GS FLX platform and Titanium regent were used to produce a substantial expressed sequence tags (ESTs) dataset from the root of S. miltiorrhiza. A total of 46 722 ESTs with an average read length of 414 bp were generated. 454 ESTs were combined with the S. miltiorrhiza ESTs from GenBank. These ESTs were assembled into 18 235 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 454 sequencing identified 13 980 novel unigenes. 73% of these unigenes (13 308) were annotated using BLAST searches (E-value < or = 1e-5) against the SwissProt, KEGG TAIR, Nr and Nt databases. Twenty-seven unigenes (encoding 15 enzymes) were found to be involved in tanshinones biosynthesis, and 29 unigenes (encoding 11 enzymes) involved in phenolic acids biosynthesis. Seventy putative genes were found to encode cytochromes P450 and 577 putative transcription factor genes. Data presented in this study will constitute an important resource for the scientific community that is interested in the molecular genetics and functional genomics of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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