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Chen H, Qi Y, He X, Xu L, Zhang W, Lv X, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 promote tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Plant Sci 2021; 307:110898. [PMID: 33902857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizome is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Symbiosis of endophytic fungi with their host plants, is an effectively regulatory means to promote the growth and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. Here, an endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 was co-cultivated with the sterile seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza, to clarify the promoting mechanism on tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza root. The assay of promoting-growth activities in vitro showed that DF20 have the ability to produce IAA and siderophores. DF20 could significantly promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in the root of S. miltiorrhiza, especially the content of tanshinone ⅡA, reaching 4.630 ± 0.342 mg/g after 56 days of DF20 treatment, which is 22-fold of the control group. The result also showed that the hyphae of M. circunelloides DF20 mainly colonized in the root tissue interspace of S. miltiorrhiza, and a small amount of hyphae were located inside the cells. The results of florescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that DF20 colonization significantly increase the expression level of some key enzyme genes (DXS, DXR, HMGR, GGPPS) in tanshinone biosynthesis pathway, but the regulatory effect mainly occurred in the early stage of co-culture, while the expression level decreased in different degrees in the later stage. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus M. circunelloides DF20 can form an interaction relationship with its host, then to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in root by upregulating the key enzyme genes expression levels of the biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoman Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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Zhang B, Li X, Li X, Lu Z, Cai X, Ou Yang Q, Ma P, Dong J. Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Tanshinone Biosynthesis via a Ca 2+-Dependent Manner in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249576. [PMID: 33339149 PMCID: PMC7765610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones, the major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), are synthesized via the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and the downstream biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized as a novel elicitor to induce the wild type hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. HPLC analysis revealed that LPS treatment resulted in a significant accumulation of cryptotanshinone (CT) and dihydrotanshinone I (DTI). qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that biosynthesis genes such as SmAACT and SmHMGS from the MVA pathway, SmDXS and SmHDR from the MEP pathway, and SmCPS, SmKSL and SmCYP76AH1 from the downstream pathway were markedly upregulated by LPS in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, transcription factors SmWRKY1 and SmWRKY2, which can activate the expression of SmDXR, SmDXS and SmCPS, were also increased by LPS. Since Ca2+ signaling is essential for the LPS-triggered immune response, Ca2+ channel blocker LaCl3 and CaM antagonist W-7 were used to investigate the role of Ca2+ signaling in tanshinone biosynthesis. HPLC analysis demonstrated that both LaCl3 and W-7 diminished LPS-induced tanshinone accumulation. The downstream biosynthesis genes including SmCPS and SmCYP76AH1 were especially regulated by Ca2+ signaling. To summarize, LPS enhances tanshinone biosynthesis through SmWRKY1- and SmWRKY2-regulated pathways relying on Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ signal transduction plays a key role in regulating tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xiuhong Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Zhigang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xiaona Cai
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Qing Ou Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-8709-2262
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Li L, Wang D, Zhou L, Yu X, Yan X, Zhang Q, Li B, Liu Y, Zhou W, Cao X, Wang Z. JA-Responsive Transcription Factor SmMYB97 Promotes Phenolic Acid and Tanshinone Accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:14850-14862. [PMID: 33284615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are active principles in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge administered for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Jasmonic acid (JA) promotes secondary metabolite accumulation, but the regulatory mechanism is unknown in S. miltiorrhiza. We identified and characterized the JA-responsive gene SmMYB97. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that SmMYB97 was clustered with AtMYB11, AtMYB12, and ZmP1 in the subgroup S7 regulating flavonol biosynthesis. SmMYB97 was highly expressed in S. miltiorrhiza leaves and induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). SmMYB97 was localized in the nucleus and had strong transcriptional activation activity. SmMYB97 overexpression increased phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis and upregulated the genes implicated in these processes. Yeast one-hybrid and transient transcriptional activity assays disclosed that SmMYB97 binds the PAL1, TAT1, CPS1, and KSL1 promoter regions. SmJAZ8 interacts with SmMYB97 and downregulates the genes that it controls. This study partially clarified the regulatory network of MeJA-mediated secondary metabolite biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xiaoding Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yuanchu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Li J, Li B, Luo L, Cao F, Yang B, Gao J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Peng L, Hu B. Increased phenolic acid and tanshinone production and transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in hairy root cultures of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. treated with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8565-8578. [PMID: 33048323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth, effective components accumulation, and related gene expression of the hairy root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM) or MeJA (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 μM) were added to the culture medium of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Low concentrations of SA promoted the growth of hairy root, while a high concentration inhibited it. 0 to 400 μM MeJA promoted the growth of hairy root, but 600 μM MeJA starts to inhibit its growth. 50 μM SA and 400 μM MeJA significantly enhanced the production of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. In general, 50 μM SA can be used to accumulate of tanshinone in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 6 days. 400 μM MeJA can be used to accumulate of phenolic acids in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 3 days. The selected genes in the tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated with elicitation. To obtain a higher yield and content of secondary metabolites, it is advisable to use 50 μM SA or 400 μM MeJA as the optimal doses to cultivate the hairy root of S. przewalskii. This study provides, for the first time, an efficient tanshinone and phenolic acid production method for S. przewalskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Xianyang, 712083, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Fulin Cao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bingyue Yang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Benxiang Hu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Bai Z, Wu J, Huang W, Jiao J, Zhang C, Hou Z, Yan K, Zhang X, Han R, Liang Z, Zhang X. The ethylene response factor SmERF8 regulates the expression of SmKSL1 and is involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in Saliva miltiorrhiza hairy roots. J Plant Physiol 2020; 244:153006. [PMID: 31805420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva miltiorrhiza ethylene response factor (SmERF), predicted to be expressed genome-wide, is the potential regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis. However, few studies have investigated its transcriptional regulation pathways in tanshinone biosynthesis. Here, we report an ethylene response factor (SmERF8), which was screened by the SmKSL1 (a key gene in tanshinone biosynthesis) promoter from the S. miltiorrhiza cDNA library. The SmERF8, highly expressed in S. miltiorrhiza root head, is sensitive to Eth stress, and its protein was enriched in the nucleus. The SmERF8 recognizes the GCC-box in the SmKSL1 promoter. Overexpression and RNAi of SmERF8 in S. miltiorrhiza transgenic hairy roots showed that the tanshinone contents were significantly increased in the overexpression transgenic lines and decreased in RNAi lines. These results suggest that the SmERF8 may be a central activator that regulates the expression of SmKSL1 by binding the GCC-box and then promoting tanshinone biosynthesis. Thus, the SmERF8 may functionally accelerate tanshinone biosynthesis by the transcriptional regulation of its key gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China; College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube (Yan'an, University), Yan'an, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Biotechnology, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube (Yan'an, University), Yan'an, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Biotechnology, Hohhot, China
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Jiang Y, Wang L, Lu S, Xue Y, Wei X, Lu J, Zhang Y. Transcriptome sequencing of Salvia miltiorrhiza after infection by its endophytic fungi and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:760-769. [PMID: 31694427 PMCID: PMC6844419 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1680706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Context: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) is a traditional Chinese herb. Endophytic fungi, which are biotic elicitors, can induce accumulation of secondary metabolites in their host plants.Objective: To analyze the interaction mechanism between S. miltiorrhiza and endophytic fungi.Materials and methods: Endophytic fungi U104 producing tanshinone IIA were isolated from the healthy disease-free tissue of root of S. miltiorrhiza by conventional methods. The endophytic fungus U104 of S. miltiorrhiza was co-cultured with the sterile seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza for 20 d (temp:day/night = 26 °C/18 °C, photoperiod:12/12 h, illuminance:2000 Lx). Transcriptome sequencing of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings after 20 d of co-cultivation was performed using the Illumina platform.Results: A total of 3713 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. These different expression genes, such as STPII, LTP2, MYB transcription factors, CNGC, CDPK, Rboh, CaM, MAP2K1/MEK1, WRKY33, SGT1/SGT and Hsp90/htpG, showed that host S. miltiorrhiza had biological defence response in the initial stage of interaction. Under the induction of endophytic fungi, 14 key enzyme genes were up-regulated in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway: DXS, DXS2, DXR, HMGR3, AACT, MK, PMK, GGPPS2, GPPS, KSL, IDI, IPII, FDPS and CPS.Discussion and conclusions: A total of 14 key genes were obtained from the tanshinone component synthesis and metabolic pathways, providing a reasonable explanation for the accumulation of tanshinone components, an accumulation induced by endophytic fungi, in the host plants. The large amounts of data generated in this study provide a strong and powerful platform for future functional and molecular studies of interactions between host plants and their endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yizhe Xue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiying Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Deng C, Hao X, Shi M, Fu R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Feng Y, Makunga NP, Kai G. Tanshinone production could be increased by the expression of SmWRKY2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Plant Sci 2019; 284:1-8. [PMID: 31084862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones are the main bioactive diterpenes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, are widely used for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms of these compounds have not yet been fully explained. In this study, a transcription factor named SmWRKY2 was isolated and functionally characterized. Multiple sequence analysis indicated it was classified into subgroup I of the WRKY family. Expression pattern showed that SmWRKY2 was mainly expressed in the stem and leaf and was inducible by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Subcellular localization showed that SmWRKY2 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SmWRKY2 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the expression of SmDXS2 and SmCPS, resulting in increased accumulation of tanshinones and the highest total tanshinone content was detected in OE-SmWRKY2-1 line, which was 1.83 times of the control. Meanwhile, tanshinone production was slightly reduced in the antisense-SmWRKY2 line. Dual-Luciferase assay showed that SmWRKY2 can positively regulate SmDXS2 and SmCPS expression, However, Y1H and EMSA experiments indicate that SmWRKY2 only binds to the W-box of the SmCPS promoter. Our study shows that SmWRKY2 is a positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis by mainly activating SmCPS. This study thus sheds new light on the regulatory role of SmWRKY2 in tanshinone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Deng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Nokwanda P Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Ji A, Xu Z, Luo H, Song J. The AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 100:83-93. [PMID: 30847712 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid tanshinone biosynthesis by activating the expression of SmCPS1, SmKSL1, and SmCYP76AH1 in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Certain members of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family regulate plant secondary metabolism. Although it is clearly documented that AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) are involved in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, the regulation of diterpenoid biosynthesis by AP2/ERF TFs remains elusive. Here, we report that the novel AP2/ERF TF SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Overexpression of SmERF128 increased the expression levels of copalyl diphosphate synthase 1 (SmCPS1), kaurene synthase-like 1 (SmKSL1) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 76AH1 (SmCYP76AH1), whereas their expression levels were decreased when SmERF128 was silenced. Accordingly, the content of tanshinone was reduced in SmERF128 RNA interference (RNAi) hairy roots and dramatically increased in SmERF128 overexpression hairy roots, as demonstrated through Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Furthermore, SmERF128 activated the expression of SmCPS1, SmKSL1, and SmCYP76AH1 by binding to the GCC box, and to the CRTDREHVCBF2 (CBF2) and RAV1AAT (RAA) motifs within their promoters during in vivo and in vitro assays. Our findings not only reveal the molecular basis of how the AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 regulates diterpenoid biosynthesis, but also provide useful information for improving tanshinone production through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, 666100, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Zhang P, Lee Y, Wei X, Wu J, Liu Q, Wan S. Enhanced production of tanshinone IIA in endophytic fungi Emericella foeniculicola by genome shuffling. Pharm Biol 2018; 56:357-362. [PMID: 30266071 PMCID: PMC6171462 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1481108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tanshinone IIA, commercially produced from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (C.Y.Wu) (Labiatae), has various biological benefits. Currently, this compound is mainly extracted from plants. However, because of the long growth cycle and the unstable quality of plants, the market demands can barely be satisfied. OBJECTIVE The genomic shuffling technology is applied to screen the high-yield tanshinone IIA strain, which could be used to replace the plant S. miltiorrhiza for the production of tanshinone IIA. The change in the production of tanshinone IIA is clarified by comparing it with the original strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tanshinone IIA was extracted from Strains cells, which was prepared through 0.5 mL protoplast samples by using hypertonic solution I from two different strains. Then, it was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 30 °C and UV 270 nm. Total DNA from the strains was extracted for RAPD amplification and electrophoresis to isolate the product. RESULTS In this study, a high-yield tanshinone IIA strain F-3.4 was screened and the yield of tanshinone IIA was increased by 387.56 ± 0.02 mg/g, 11.07 times higher than that of the original strain TR21. DISCUSSION This study shows that the genetic basis of high-yield strains is achieved through genome shuffling, which proves that genome shuffling can shorten the breeding cycle and improve the mutagenesis efficiency in obtaining the strains with good traits and it is a useful method for the molecular breeding of industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiting Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiying Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanning Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an Campus, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Xing B, Liang L, Liu L, Hou Z, Yang D, Yan K, Zhang X, Liang Z. Overexpression of SmbHLH148 induced biosynthesis of tanshinones as well as phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:1681-1692. [PMID: 30229287 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
SmbHLH148 activated the whole biosynthetic pathways of phenolic acids and tanshinones, thus upregulated the production of both the two groups of pharmaceutical ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phenolic acids and tanshinones are the two important groups of pharmaceutical ingredients presented in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The bHLH transcription factors could regulate secondary metabolism efficiently in plants. However, there are only some MYCs have been studied on regulation of either phenolic acids or tanshinones biosynthesis. In this study, a bHLH TF named SmbHLH148, which is homologous to AtbHLH148, AtbHLH147 and CubHLH1, was isolated and functionally characterized from S. miltiorrhiza. Transcription of SmbHLH148 could be intensely induced by ABA and also be moderately induced by MeJA and GA. SmbHLH148 is present in all the six tissues and mostly expressed in fibrous root and flowers. Subcellular localization analysis found that SmbHLH148 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SmbHLH148 significantly increased not only three phenolic acids components accumulation but also three tanshinones content. Content of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B were reached to 2.87-, 4.00- and 5.99-fold of the control in the ObHLH148-3, respectively. Content of dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone I were also present highest in ObHLH148-3, reached 2.5-, 5.04- and 3.97-fold of the control, respectively. Expression analysis of pathway genes of phenolic acids and tanshinones in transgenic lines showed that most of them were obviously upregulated. Moreover, transcription of AREB and JAZs were also induced in SmbHLH148 overexpression lines. These results suggested that SmbHLH148 might be taken part in ABA and MeJA signaling and activated almost the whole biosynthetic pathways of phenolic acids and tanshinones, thus the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones were upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcong Xing
- Institute of soil and water conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijun Liang
- Institute of soil and water conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of soil and water conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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11
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Bai Z, Li W, Jia Y, Yue Z, Jiao J, Huang W, Xia P, Liang Z. The ethylene response factor SmERF6 co-regulates the transcription of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 and is involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Planta 2018; 248:243-255. [PMID: 29704055 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SmERF6, which recognizes the GCC-box of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 promoter in nucleus, regulates the tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Tanshinone, an important medicinal ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is best known for its use in medicine. However, the transcription factor regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we isolated and identified a transcription factor in the ERF family of S. miltiorrhiza, SmERF6, which was screened from an S. miltiorrhiza cDNA library by the promoters of two key tanshinone synthesis genes (SmKSL1 and SmCPS1); this factor regulated tanshinone biosynthesis. The gene was highly expressed in the root and responded to ethylene treatment. SmERF6 modulated tanshinone biosynthesis by directly binding to an ethylene-responsive element (GCC-box) of the SmKSL1 and SmCPS1 promoters and activating their transcription. Overexpression of SmERF6 in the hairy roots increased their tanshinone accumulation, and SmERF6 silencing by RNAi led to a lower tanshinone content. Furthermore, tanshinone accumulation maintained homeostasis with the total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings elucidated how SmERF6 directly co-regulates the transcription of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 and modulates tanshinone synthesis to accelerate the metabolic flux of tanshinone accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhiyong Yue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Li H, Li C, Deng Y, Jiang X, Lu S. The Pentatricopeptide Repeat Gene Family in Salvia miltiorrhiza: Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061364. [PMID: 29882758 PMCID: PMC6099403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants and plays important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. In this study, we combined whole genome sequencing and transcriptomes to systematically investigate PPRs in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is a well-known material of traditional Chinese medicine and an emerging model system for medicinal plant studies. Among 562 identified SmPPRs, 299 belong to the P subfamily while the others belong to the PLS subfamily. The majority of SmPPRs have only one exon and are localized in the mitochondrion or chloroplast. As many as 546 SmPPRs were expressed in at least one tissue and exhibited differential expression patterns, which indicates they likely play a variety of functions in S. miltiorrhiza. Up to 349 SmPPRs were salicylic acid-responsive and 183 SmPPRs were yeast extract and Ag+-responsive, which indicates these genes might be involved in S. miltiorrhiza defense stresses and secondary metabolism. Furthermore, 23 salicylic acid-responsive SmPPRs were co-expressed with phenolic acid biosynthetic enzyme genes only while 16 yeast extract and Ag+-responsive SmPPRs were co-expressed with tanshinone biosynthetic enzyme genes only. Two SmPPRs were co-expressed with both phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic enzyme genes. The results provide a useful platform for further investigating the roles of PPRs in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Caili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuxing Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Yu H, Guo W, Yang D, Hou Z, Liang Z. Transcriptional Profiles of SmWRKY Family Genes and Their Putative Roles in the Biosynthesis of Tanshinone and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061593. [PMID: 29843472 PMCID: PMC6032325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a Chinese traditional herb for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and tanshinones and phenolic acids are the dominated medicinal and secondary metabolism constituents of this plant. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) can function as regulators of secondary metabolites biosynthesis in many plants. However, studies on the WRKY that regulate tanshinones and phenolics biosynthesis are limited. In this study, 69 SmWRKYs were identified in the transcriptome database of S. miltiorrhiza, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that some SmWRKYs had closer genetic relationships with other plant WRKYs, which were involved in secondary metabolism. Hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were treated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to detect the dynamic change trend of SmWRKY, biosynthetic genes, and medicinal ingredients accumulation. Base on those date, a correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient was performed to construct gene-to-metabolite network and identify 9 SmWRKYs (SmWRKY1, 7, 19, 29, 45, 52, 56, 58, and 68), which were most likely to be involved in tanshinones and phenolic acids biosynthesis. Taken together, this study has provided a significant resource that could be used for further research on SmWRKY in S. miltiorrhiza and especially could be used as a cue for further investigating SmWRKY functions in secondary metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Yangling 712100, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wanli Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Yangling 712100, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Bai Z, Xia P, Wang R, Jiao J, Ru M, Liu J, Liang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of five SmGRAS genes associated with tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185322. [PMID: 28953930 PMCID: PMC5617194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The gibberellin-responsive element binding factor (GRAS) family of proteins plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of plant development and hormone signaling. To date, there are no reports on GRAS family proteins expressed in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, 28 ESTs that contained the GRAS domain were identified from a S. miltiorrhiza cDNA library. Of these, full-length sequences of five genes were cloned and sequence analysis indicated that all five proteins contain only one GRAS domain and therefore, belong to the GRAS family. The five genes were designated S. miltiorrhiza GRAS1-5 (SmGRAS1-5), which belong to groups I (SmGRAS2 and SmGRAS4), II (SmGRAS3), III (SmGRAS1), and VIII (SmGRAS5) respectively. Additionally, SmGRAS1-5 have different expression patterns in the reed head, stems, leaves, flowers, and roots of S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, the expression of SmGRAS1-5 was sensitive to Gibberellin (GA) stress and that of SmGRAS1, SmGRAS4 and SmGRAS5 was sensitive to Ethephon (Eth) stress respectively. Moreover, S. miltiorrhiza copalyl diphosphate synthases 1 (SmCPS1) and S. miltiorrhiza kaurene synthase like 1 (SmKSL1), which are two key enzymes gene in the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, were also response to GA and Eth stress. In addition, Dihydrotanshinone (DT-I) and Tanshinone I (T-I) content were enhanced by GA and Eth stress, Tanshinone IIA (T-IIA) content was increased by GA stress, and the accumulation of Cryptotanshinone (CT) was insensitive to both GA and Eth stress. Together, these results provide insights into functional conservation and diversification of SmGRASs and are useful information for further elucidating SmGRAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Ru
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingling Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ding K, Pei T, Bai Z, Jia Y, Ma P, Liang Z. SmMYB36, a Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Enhances Tanshinone Accumulation and Decreases Phenolic Acid Content in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5104. [PMID: 28698552 PMCID: PMC5506036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are two major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A novel endogenous R2R3-MYB transcription factor, SmMYB36, was identified in this research. This transcript factor can simultaneously influence the content of two types of components in SmMYB36 overexpression hairy roots. SmMYB36 was mainly localized in the nucleus of onion epidermis and it has transactivation activity. The overexpression of SmMYB36 promoted tanshinone accumulation but inhibited phenolic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The altered metabolite content was due to changed metabolic flow which was regulated by transcript expression of metabolic pathway genes. The gene transcription levels of the phenylpropanoid general pathway, tyrosine derived pathway, methylerythritol phosphate pathway and downstream tanshinone biosynthetic pathway changed significantly due to the overexpression of SmMYB36. The wide distribution of MYB binding elements (MBS, MRE, MBSI and MBSII) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay results indicated that SmMYB36 may be an effective tool to regulate metabolic flux shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Sun G, Zhong Z, Ji L, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zheng X, Deng K. Overexpression of AtEDT1 promotes root elongation and affects medicinal secondary metabolite biosynthesis in roots of transgenic Salvia miltiorrhiza. Protoplasma 2017; 254:1617-1625. [PMID: 27915455 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal secondary metabolites (salvianolic acids and tanshinones) are valuable natural bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza and have widespread applications. Improvement of medicinal secondary metabolite accumulation through biotechnology is necessary and urgent to satisfy their increasing demand. Herein, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of the transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana-enhanced drought tolerance 1 (AtEDT1) could affect medicinal secondary metabolite accumulation. In this study, we observed that the transgenic lines significantly conferred drought tolerance phenotype. Meanwhile, we found that the overexpression of AtEDT1 promoted root elongation in S. miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, we also found that the overexpression of AtEDT1 determined the accumulation of salvianolic acids, such as rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B, and total salvianolic acids due to the induction of the expression levels of salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes. Conversely, S. miltiorrhiza plants overexpressing the AtEDT1 transgene showed a decrease in tanshinone synthesis. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of AtEDT1 significantly increased the accumulation of salvianolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza. Further studies are required to better elucidate the functional role of AtEDT1 in the regulation of phytochemical compound synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Geng Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Linyi Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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17
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Forman V, Callari R, Folly C, Heider H, Hamberger B. Production of Putative Diterpene Carboxylic Acid Intermediates of Triptolide in Yeast. Molecules 2017; 22:E981. [PMID: 28608823 PMCID: PMC6152743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of medical applications exploiting the broad bioactivities of the diterpene therapeutic triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii is limited by low extraction yields from the native plant. Furthermore, the extraordinarily high structural complexity prevents an economically attractive enantioselective total synthesis. An alternative production route of triptolide through engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) could provide a sustainable source of triptolide. A potential intermediate in the unknown biosynthetic route to triptolide is the diterpene dehydroabietic acid. Here, we report a biosynthetic route to dehydroabietic acid by transient expression of enzymes from T. wilfordii and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in Nicotiana benthamiana. The combination of diterpene synthases TwTPS9, TwTPS27, and cytochromes P450 PsCYP720B4 yielded dehydroabietic acid and a novel analog, tentatively identified as 'miltiradienic acid'. This biosynthetic pathway was reassembled in a yeast strain engineered for increased yields of the pathway intermediates, the diterpene olefins miltiradiene and dehydroabietadiene. Introduction in that strain of PsCYP720B4 in combination with two alternative NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductases resulted in scalable in vivo production of dehydroabietic acid and its analog from glucose. Approaching future elucidation of the remaining biosynthetic steps to triptolide, our findings may provide an independent platform for testing of additional recombinant candidate genes, and ultimately pave the way to biotechnological production of the high value diterpenoid therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Forman
- Evolva A/S, Lersø Park Allé 42-44, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark.
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, Reinach CH-4153, Switzerland.
| | - Roberta Callari
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, Reinach CH-4153, Switzerland.
| | | | - Harald Heider
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, Reinach CH-4153, Switzerland.
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Vaccaro MC, Alfieri M, Malafronte N, De Tommasi N, Leone A. Increasing the synthesis of bioactive abietane diterpenes in Salvia sclarea hairy roots by elicited transcriptional reprogramming. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:375-386. [PMID: 27853836 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of genes belonging to the plastidial MEP-derived isoprenoid pathway by elicitation with methyl jasmonate and coronatine enhanced the content of bioactive abietane diterpenes in Salvia sclarea hairy roots. We have shown that aethiopinone, an abietane diterpene synthesized in Salvia sclarea roots is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells. To develop a production platform for this compound and other abietane diterpenes, hairy root technology was combined with the elicitation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or the phytotoxin coronatine (Cor). Both MeJA and Cor induced a significant accumulation of aethiopinone, but prolonged exposure to MeJA irremediably caused inhibition of hairy root growth, which was unaffected by Cor treatment. Considering together the fold increase in aethiopinone content and the final hairy root biomass, the best combination was a Cor treatment for 28 days, which allowed to obtain up to 105.34 ± 2.30 mg L-1 of this compound to be obtained, corresponding to a 24-fold increase above the basal content in untreated hairy roots. MeJA or Cor elicitation also enhanced the synthesis of other bioactive abietane-quinone diterpenes. The elicitor-dependent steering effect was due to a coordinated transcriptional activation of several biosynthetic genes belonging to the plastidial MEP-derived isoprenoid pathway. High correlations between aethiopinone content and MeJA or Cor-elicited level of gene transcripts were found for DXS2 (r 2 = 0.99), DXR (r 2 = 0.99), and GGPPS (r 2 = 0.98), encoding enzymes acting upstream of GGPP, the common precursor of diterpenes and other plastidial-derived terpenes, as well as CPPS (r 2 = 0.99), encoding the enzyme involved in the first cyclization steps leading to copalyl-diphosphate, the precursor of abietane-like diterpenes. These results point to these genes as possible targets of metabolic engineering approaches to establish a more efficient production platform for such promising anti-proliferative plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Alfieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - N Malafronte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - N De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - A Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084, Fisciano, Italy.
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Zhou Y, Sun W, Chen J, Tan H, Xiao Y, Li Q, Ji Q, Gao S, Chen L, Chen S, Zhang L, Chen W. SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b played similar but irreplaceable roles in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22852. [PMID: 26947390 PMCID: PMC4780012 DOI: 10.1038/srep22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which contains tanshinones and phenolic acids as major classes of bioactive components, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Production of tanshinones and phenolic acids is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Transcription factor MYC2 is the switch of jasmontes signaling in plants. Here, we focused on two novel JA-inducible genes in S. miltiorrhiza, designated as SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b, which were localized in the nucleus. SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b were also discovered to interact with SmJAZ1 and SmJAZ2, implying that the two MYC2s might function as direct targets of JAZ proteins. Ectopic RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown experiments suggested that SmMYC2a/b affected multiple genes in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Besides, the accumulation of tanshinones and phenolic acids was impaired by the loss of function in SmMYC2a/b. Meanwhile, SmMYC2a could bind with an E-box motif within SmHCT6 and SmCYP98A14 promoters, while SmMYC2b bound with an E-box motif within SmCYP98A14 promoter, through which the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway might achieve. Together, these results suggest that SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b are JAZ-interacting transcription factors that positively regulate the biosynthesis of tanshinones and Sal B with similar but irreplaceable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Gao W, Hu TY, Guo J, Lv DM, Dai ZB, Zhou YJ, Huang LQ. Research progress of synthetic biology for tanshinones. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:2486-2491. [PMID: 26697667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology research methods which design and build a new artificial biological systems (medicinal plants or microorganisms system) with specific physiological functions through clarifying and simulating the basic law of the biosynthesis of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, is considered to be a potential method to produce an abundant resources of bioactive components. Tanshinones is a kind of diterpene quinone compounds with important pharmacological activities from traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza. This article systematically introduced the research progress of the synthetic biology of S. miltiorrhiza, in order to provide references for studies on other terpenoid bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicines, and give new research strategies for the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources.
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21
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Xu Z, Peters RJ, Weirather J, Luo H, Liao B, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Ji A, Zhang B, Hu S, Au KF, Song J, Chen S. Full-length transcriptome sequences and splice variants obtained by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to different root tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza and tanshinone biosynthesis. Plant J 2015; 82:951-961. [PMID: 25912611 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, wherein its rhizome/roots are particularly valued. The corresponding bioactive components include the tanshinone diterpenoids, the biosynthesis of which is a subject of considerable interest. Previous investigations of the S. miltiorrhiza transcriptome have relied on short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and the vast majority of the resulting isotigs do not represent full-length cDNA sequences. Moreover, these efforts have been targeted at either whole plants or hairy root cultures. Here, we demonstrate that the tanshinone pigments are produced and accumulate in the root periderm, and apply a combination of NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to various root tissues, particularly including the periderm, to provide a more complete view of the S. miltiorrhiza transcriptome, with further insight into tanshinone biosynthesis as well. In addition, the use of SMRT long-read sequencing offered the ability to examine alternative splicing, which was found to occur in approximately 40% of the detected gene loci, including several involved in isoprenoid/terpenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jason Weirather
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baosheng Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kin Fai Au
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
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22
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Božić D, Papaefthimiou D, Brückner K, de Vos RCH, Tsoleridis CA, Katsarou D, Papanikolaou A, Pateraki I, Chatzopoulou FM, Dimitriadou E, Kostas S, Manzano D, Scheler U, Ferrer A, Tissier A, Makris AM, Kampranis SC, Kanellis AK. Towards Elucidating Carnosic Acid Biosynthesis in Lamiaceae: Functional Characterization of the Three First Steps of the Pathway in Salvia fruticosa and Rosmarinus officinalis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124106. [PMID: 26020634 PMCID: PMC4447455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene with anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, antibacterial and neuroprotective properties that is produced by a number of species from several genera of the Lamiaceae family, including Salvia fruticosa (Cretan sage) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary). To elucidate CA biosynthesis, glandular trichome transcriptome data of S. fruticosa were mined for terpene synthase genes. Two putative diterpene synthase genes, namely SfCPS and SfKSL, showing similarities to copalyl diphosphate synthase and kaurene synthase-like genes, respectively, were isolated and functionally characterized. Recombinant expression in Escherichia coli followed by in vitro enzyme activity assays confirmed that SfCPS is a copalyl diphosphate synthase. Coupling of SfCPS with SfKSL, both in vitro and in yeast, resulted in the synthesis miltiradiene, as confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR analyses (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY H-H, HMQC and HMBC). Coupled transient in vivo assays of SfCPS and SfKSL in Nicotiana benthamiana further confirmed production of miltiradiene in planta. To elucidate the subsequent biosynthetic step, RNA-Seq data of S. fruticosa and R. officinalis were searched for cytochrome P450 (CYP) encoding genes potentially involved in the synthesis of the first phenolic compound in the CA pathway, ferruginol. Three candidate genes were selected, SfFS, RoFS1 and RoFS2. Using yeast and N. benthamiana expression systems, all three where confirmed to be coding for ferruginol synthases, thus revealing the enzymatic activities responsible for the first three steps leading to CA in two Lamiaceae genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Božić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kathleen Brückner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos A. Tsoleridis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Katsarou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fani M. Chatzopoulou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Dimitriadou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Laboratory of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Manzano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulschan Scheler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alain Tissier
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Antonios M. Makris
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios C. Kampranis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 710 03 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Du X, Zhang C, Guo W, Jin W, Liang Z, Yan X, Guo Z, Liu Y, Yang D. Nitric Oxide Plays a Central Role in Water Stress-Induced Tanshinone Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Molecules 2015; 20:7574-85. [PMID: 25919278 PMCID: PMC6272322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a well-known signaling molecule plays an important role in abiotic and biotic stress-induced production of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, roles of NO in water stress-induced tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated. The results showed that accumulations of four tanshinone compounds in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were significantly stimulated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) at 100 μM. Effects of SNP were just partially arrested by the mevalonate (MVA) pathway inhibitor (mevinolin), but were completely inhibited by the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway (MEP) inhibitor (fosmidomycin). The increase of tanshinone accumulation and the up-regulation of HMGR and DXR expression by PEG and ABA treatments were partially inhibited by an inhibitor of NO biosynthesis (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)) and a NO scavenger (2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO)). Simultaneously, NO generation in the hairy roots was triggered by PEG and ABA, and the effects were also arrested by c-PTIO and L-NAME. These results indicated that NO signaling probably plays a central role in water stress-induced tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. SNP mainly stimulated the MEP pathway to increase tanshinone accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Wanli Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Weibo Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xijun Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Zhixin Guo
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Tasly Modern TCM Resources Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300402, China.
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
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Ma Y, Ma XH, Ma XJ, Guo J, Huang LQ. [RNA interference and its effect of CYP76AH1 in biosynthesis of tanshinone]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:1439-1443. [PMID: 26281576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones, the main bioactive compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza, are the diterpenoid pigments, multiple genes were proved to be involved in their biosynthesis in plants. CYP76AH1 is the initial P450 gene in the tanshinones biosynthetic pathway, its function has been validated by yeast expression and in vitroenzymatic reaction. In order to clarify the function of CYP76AH1 in vivo, in this study, we constructedthe RNA interference of CYP7AH1 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root. The RNA interference vector with a hairpin structure was constructed using the Gateway technology, and then the interference fragment was integrated into the genome of S. miltiorrhiza mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Several highly CYP76AH1 interference S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were obtained for further analysis.
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Xing B, Yang D, Guo W, Liang Z, Yan X, Zhu Y, Liu Y. Ag+ as a more effective elicitor for production of tanshinones than phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Molecules 2014; 20:309-24. [PMID: 25547728 PMCID: PMC6272699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are two groups of bioactive ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. As a heavy metal elicitor, it has been reported that Ag+ can induce accumulations of both phenolic acids and tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. In this study, the effects of Ag+ treatment on accumulations of six phenolic acids and four tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism, expressions of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of these ingredients were also detected. The results showed that although the total phenolic acids content was almost not affected by Ag+, accumulations of rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid and ferulic acid were significantly increased, while accumulations of salvianolic acid B (LAB), danshensu (DSU) and cinnamic acid were decreased. We speculate that LAB probably derived from the branch pathway of DSU biosynthesis. Contents of four tanshinones were enhanced by Ag+ and their accumulations were more sensitive to Ag+ than phenolic acids. Genes in the upstream biosynthetic pathways of these ingredients responded to Ag+ earlier than those in the downstream biosynthetic pathways. Ag+ probably induced the whole pathways, upregulated gene expressions from the upstream pathways to the downstream pathways, and finally resulted in the enhancement of ingredient production. Compared with phenolic acids, tanshinone production was more sensitive to Ag+ treatments. This study will help us understand how secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza responds to elicitors and provide a reference for the improvement of the production of targeted compounds in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcong Xing
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wanli Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xijun Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China.
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Xu X, Jiang Q, Ma X, Ying Q, Shen B, Qian Y, Song H, Wang H. Deep sequencing identifies tissue-specific microRNAs and their target genes involving in the biosynthesis of tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111679. [PMID: 25365305 PMCID: PMC4218800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most popular traditional medicinal herbs in Asian nations. Its dried root contains a number of tanshinones, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic, and is used for the treatment of various diseases. The finding of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes will help understand their biological role on the biosynthesis of tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza. In the present study, a total of 452 known miRNAs corresponding to 589 precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs), and 40 novel miRNAs corresponding to 24 pre-miRNAs were identified in different tissues of S. miltiorrhiza by high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Among them, 62 miRNAs express only in root, 95 miRNAs express only in stem, 19 miRNAs express only in leaf, and 71 miRNAs express only in flower, respectively. By the degradome analysis, 69 targets potentially cleaved by 25 miRNAs were identified. Among them, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase was cleaved by miR5072, and involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones. This study provided valuable information for understanding the tissue-specific expression patterns of miRNAs in S. miltiorrhiza, and offered a foundation for future studies of the miRNA-mediated biosynthesis of tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qicai Ying
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Qian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HMS); (HZW)
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HMS); (HZW)
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Jiang D, Rong QX, Yuan QJ, Zhang WJ, Zhang YQ, Huang LQ. [Cloning and prokaryotic expression analysis of HDS from Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.f.alba]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2014; 49:1614-1620. [PMID: 25757291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the designed specific primers of gene fragment based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza transcriptome data, with the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), this study cloned full-length cDNA sequence of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.f.alba, this sequence is named as SmHDS and its GenBank registration number is KJ746807. SmHDS, 2 529 bp long, contains an ORF of 2 229 bp, encodes 742 amino acids, including 5' UTR 170 bp and 3' UTR 130 bp. Using bioinformatics software, having made a homology analysis of the obtained sequence, we can have a conclusion that SmHDS have a close genetic relationship with HDS of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Analysis result of prokaryotic expression revealed that in Escherichia coli, SmHDS expressed target proteins which in size are comparable with the protein predicted. Meanwhile, the 4 factors which can influence the protein expression were optimized, the 4 factors are inducing temperature, inducing time, IPTG concentrations and density of inducing host bacterium (A600). The optimal expression conditions of SmHDS were 30 degrees C until the A600 is 0.6, and add IPTG to a final concentration of 0.2 mmol x L(-1), and the induction time of 20 h. It provides theoretical basis for the further study of the function of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase in the biosynthesis of tanshinone compounds.
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Shi M, Luo X, Ju G, Yu X, Hao X, Huang Q, Xiao J, Cui L, Kai G. Increased accumulation of the cardio-cerebrovascular disease treatment drug tanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:603-15. [PMID: 24913677 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone is widely used for treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases with increasing demand. Herein, key enzyme genes SmHMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase) and SmDXR (1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase) involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway were introduced into Salvia miltiorrhiza (Sm) hairy roots to enhance tanshinone production. Over-expression of SmHMGR or SmDXR in hairy root lines can significantly enhance the yield of tanshinone. Transgenic hairy root lines co-expressing HMGR and DXR (HD lines) produced evidently higher levels of total tanshinone (TT) compared with the control and single gene transformed lines. The highest tanshinone production was observed in HD42 with the concentration of 3.25 mg g(-1) DW. Furthermore, the transgenic hairy roots showed higher antioxidant activity than control. In addition, transgenic hairy root harboring HMGR and DXR (HD42) exhibited higher tanshinone content after elicitation by yeast extract and/or Ag(+) than before. Tanshinone can be significantly enhanced to 5.858, 6.716, and 4.426 mg g(-1) DW by YE, Ag(+), and YE-Ag(+) treatment compared with non-induced HD42, respectively. The content of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone was effectively elevated upon elicitor treatments, whereas there was no obvious promotion effect for the other two compounds tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA. Our results provide a useful strategy to improve tanshinone content as well as other natural active products by combination of genetic engineering with elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Yan Y, Zhao X, Zhang SC, Liu Y, Liang ZS. [Roles of reactive oxygen species in Streptomyces pactum Act12-induced tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:1985-1991. [PMID: 25272827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research indicated that the Streptomyces pactum Act12 (Act12) had a certain promotional effect on tanshinone accumulation and up-regulated the expression of genes 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. This study focuses on the roles of reactive oxygen species in S. pactum Act12-induced tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The 4% Act12, 4% Act12 + CAT and 4% Act12 + SOD were added to S. miltiorrhiza hairy root and subcultured for 21 days, the dry weight, contents of reactive oxygen species, contents of tanshinones and expression of HMGR and DXR were determined at different harvest-time. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots was triggered by 4% Act12 treatment. The relative expressions of genes HMGR and DXR in 4% Act12 treatment were 32.4 and 4.8-fold higher than those in the control. And the total tanshinone in the hairy roots was 10.2 times higher than that of the control. The CAT and SOD could significantly inhibit the ROS accumulation and relative expressions of genes HMGR and DXR in 4% Act12 treatment, which induced the total tanshinone content was decreased by 74.6% comparing with the 4% Act12 treatment. ROS mediated Act12-induced tanshinone production. The Act12 may be via the ROS signal channel to activate the tanshinone biosynthesis pathways. Thereby the tanshinon content in hairy roots was increased.
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Brückner K, Božić D, Manzano D, Papaefthimiou D, Pateraki I, Scheler U, Ferrer A, de Vos RCH, Kanellis AK, Tissier A. Characterization of two genes for the biosynthesis of abietane-type diterpenes in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) glandular trichomes. Phytochemistry 2014; 101:52-64. [PMID: 24569175 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) produces the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol, which, in addition to their general antioxidant activities, have recently been suggested as potential ingredients for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about the biosynthesis of these diterpenes. Here we show that the biosynthesis of phenolic diterpenes in rosemary predominantly takes place in the glandular trichomes of young leaves, and used this feature to identify the first committed steps. Thus, a copalyl diphosphate synthase (RoCPS1) and two kaurene synthase-like (RoKSL1 and RoKSL2) encoding genes were identified and characterized. Expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrate that RoCPS1 converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) to copalyl diphosphate (CDP) of normal stereochemistry and that both RoKSL1 and RoKSL2 use normal CDP to produce an abietane diterpene. Comparison to the already characterized diterpene synthase from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SmKSL) demonstrates that the product of RoKSL1 and RoKSL2 is miltiradiene. Expression analysis supports a major contributing role for RoKSL2. Like SmKSL and the sclareol synthase from Salvia sclarea, RoKSL1/2 are diterpene synthases of the TPS-e group which have lost the internal gamma-domain. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicates that RoKSL1 and RoKSL2 belong to a distinct group of KSL enzymes involved in specialized metabolism which most likely emerged before the dicot-monocot split.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Brückner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany
| | - Dragana Božić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Manzano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulschan Scheler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alain Tissier
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany.
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Ming Q, Su C, Zheng C, Jia M, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Rahman K, Han T, Qin L. Elicitors from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride promote Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root growth and tanshinone biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:5687-94. [PMID: 24127517 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biotic elicitors can be used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants. However, limited information is available on the effects of biotic elicitors from endophytic fungi on their host plant. Trichoderma atroviride D16 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and previously reported to produce tanshinone I (T-I) and tanshinone IIA (T-IIA). Here, the effects of extract of mycelium (EM) and the polysaccharide fraction (PSF), produced by T. atroviride D16, on the growth and secondary metabolism of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots are reported. The results indicated that both EM and PSF promoted hairy root growth and stimulated the biosynthesis of tanshinones in hairy roots. EM slightly suppressed the accumulation of phenolic acids, while PSF had no significant influence on the accumulation of these compounds. When comparing the effects of EM versus PSF, it was concluded that PSF is one of the main active constituents responsible for promoting hairy root growth, as well as stimulating biosynthesis of tanshinones in the hairy root cultures. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of genes involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway increased significantly with PSF treatment. Thus, PSF from endophytic T. atroviride D16 affected the chemical composition of the host plant by influencing the expression of genes related to the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, treatment with PSF can be effectively utilized for large-scale production of tanshinones in the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Cai Y, Guo J, Zhou YJ, Zhu ZW, Wu WY, Huang LQ, Chen M, Zhao ZB. [Construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whole-cell biocatalyst system for conversion miltiradiene]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1618-1623. [PMID: 24417091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones are the bioactive components of the Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, while its biosynthetic pathway remains to be characterized. Rapid identification and characterization of the genes correlated to tanshinones biosynthesis is very important. As one of the intermediates of tanshinones biosynthesis, the ferruginol content is relative low in both root and engineered bacteria. It is urgent to construct an efficient system for conversion of miltiradiene to ferruginol to obtain large amount of ferruginol as the substrates for further identifying other downstream genes involved in tanshinones biosynthesis. In this study, we constructed the whole-cell yeast biocatalysts co-expressing miltiradiene oxidase CYP76AH1 and cytochrome P450 reductases (SmCPR1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and then characterized it with RT-PCR. After permeabilization, the yeast whole-cell could catalyze turnover of miltiradiene to ferruginol efficiently through single-step biotransformation with a conversion efficiency up to 69.9%. The yeast whole-cell biocatalyst described here not only provide an efficient platform for producing ferruginol in recombinant yeast but also an alternative strategy for identifying other CYP genes involved in tanshinones biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong-Jin Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zong-Bao Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Hao G, Shi R, Tao R, Fang Q, Jiang X, Ji H, Feng L, Huang L. Cloning, molecular characterization and functional analysis of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) gene for diterpenoid tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:21-32. [PMID: 23770591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) is a terminal-acting enzyme in the plastid MEP pathway, which produce isoprenoid precursors. The full-length cDNA of HDR, designated SmHDR1 (Genbank Accession No. JX516088), was isolated for the first time from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba. SmHDR1 contains a 1389-bp open reading frame encoding 463 amino acids. The deduced SmHDR1 protein, which shows high identity to HDRs of other plant species, is predicted to possess a chloroplast transit peptide at the N-terminus and four conserved cysteine residues. Transcription pattern analysis revealed that SmHDR1 has high levels of transcription in leaves and low levels of transcription in roots and stems. The expression of SmHDR1 was induced by 0.1 mM methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), but not by 0.1 mM abscisic acid (ABA), in the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba. Complementation of SmHDR1 in the Escherichia coli HDR mutant MG1655 ara < > ispH demonstrated the function of this enzyme. A functional color assay in E. coli showed that SmHDR1 accelerates the biosynthesis of β-carotene, indicating that SmHDR1 encodes a functional protein. Overexpression of SmHDR1 enhanced the production of tanshinones in cultured hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba. These results indicate that SmHDR1 is a novel and important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangping Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an 271000, China
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Song JY, Luo HM, Li CF, Sun C, Xu J, Chen SL. [Salvia miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1099-1106. [PMID: 24133975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on medicinal model organism is one of the core technologies to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The research progress of Salvia miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant is summarized in this paper. The genome of S. miltiorrhiza is small and its life cycle is short, as well as this plant can be stably genetically transformed. Because S. miltiorrhiza possesses the important medicinal and economic values, recently the transcriptome and genome of S. miltiorrhiza have been significantly recovered. The research prospect of S. miltiorrhiza as medicinal model plant in TCM was discussed, including biosynthesis of active components and their genetic regulation, relationship between quality of TCM and ecological environments, and selective breeding of good quality lines. Furthermore, as medicinal model plant, the construction of mutant library for S. miltiorrhiza, the genome map with high quality, and the functional genome should be investigated. Accompanying modern investigation of life sciences, the platform for medicinal model plant, S. miltiorrhiza, will be promoted to be established. It is important to develop the ethnopharmacology and new drugs around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Cheng Q, He Y, Li G, Liu Y, Gao W, Huang L. Effects of combined elicitors on tanshinone metabolic profiling and SmCPS expression in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. Molecules 2013; 18:7473-85. [PMID: 23807574 PMCID: PMC6269745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones are abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone natural products found in a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The copalyl diphosphate synthase of S. miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) is the key enzyme in the first step for transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into miltiradiene, which has recently been identified as the precursor of tanshinones. Based on previous gene-to-metabolite network, this study examined the influences of various combined elicitors on the expression of SmCPS and production of tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. Combined elicitors were composed of three classes of elicitors, a heavy metal ion (Ag⁺), a polysaccharide (yeast extract, YE), and a plant response-signalling compound (methyl jasmonate, MJ). YE + Ag⁺, Ag⁺ + MJ, YE + MJ, and YE + Ag⁺ + MJ were the combinations we tested. The effect of elicitors on the SmCPS expression level was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the tanshinones accumulation responses to elicitation were analysed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) metabolite profiling. Of these combined elicitors, the expression of SmCPS was significantly enhanced by elicitation, especially at 24 h and 36 h. Of four tanshinones detected, the contents of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I were enhanced by treatment with YE + Ag⁺, Ag⁺ + MJ, and YE + Ag⁺ + MJ. Our results indicate that appropriate combined elicitors can enhance tanshinones production in hairy root cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yunfei He
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Geng Li
- Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Cheng QQ, He YF, Li G, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Gao W, Huang LQ. [Cloning and induced expression analysis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate reductase gene (smHDR) of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:236-242. [PMID: 23672020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reported the obtainment of the full-length cDNA of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots (Abbr: SmHDR, GenBank number: JX233817), via extracting Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots total RNA, designing specific primers according to the transcriptome data and using the RACE strategy, and then analyzed it with bioinformatics approaches. On this basis, using the real-time PCR to detect SmHDR gene expression after Ag+ induction, and testing tanshinones contents of corresponding samples by UPLC. SmHDR has 1 647 nucleotides, and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 463 amino acid residues. The deduced protein has isoelectric point (pI) of 5.72 and a calculated molecular weight about 51.88 kD. In the secondary structure, the percentage of alpha helix, beta turn and random coil were 35.64%, 20.30% and 44.06%, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SmHDR had relative close relationship to the HDR of Picrorhiza kurrooa, similar to HDR from other species of plants. Real time PCR results indicated that elicitor of Ag+ stimulated the increase of mRNA expression of SmHDR. At the same time, results of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), used to examine the accumulation of diterpenoid tanshinones in hairy roots, showed that the contents of diterpenoid tanshinones in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were increased dramatically at 12 h after treated with Ag+, and then decreased significantly. This result showed a positive correlation between the levels of mRNA expression and tanshinones accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza stimulated by Ag+. The content of tanshinones was gradually raised, and it had an obvious increase at 120 h. The bioinformatics analysis and gene expression indicated that SmHDR might be involved in tanshinones biosynthesis, which laid the foundation for further study of secondary metabolic regulation mechanism of tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qing Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Yang L, Ding G, Lin H, Cheng H, Kong Y, Wei Y, Fang X, Liu R, Wang L, Chen X, Yang C. Transcriptome analysis of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24260395 DOI: 10.137/journal.pone.0080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a perennial plant of Lamiaceae, accumulates abietane-type diterpenoids of tanshinones in root, which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine to treat neuroasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular diseases. However, to date the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones is only partially elucidated and the mechanism for their root-specific accumulation remains unknown. To identify enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones, we conducted transcriptome profiling of S. miltiorrhiza root and leaf tissues using the 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing platform, which generated 550,546 and 525,292 reads, respectively. RNA sequencing reads were assembled and clustered into 64,139 unigenes (29,883 isotigs and 34,256 singletons). NCBI non-redundant protein databases (NR) and Swiss-Prot database searches anchored 32,096 unigenes (50%) with functional annotations based on sequence similarities. Further assignments with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG biochemical pathways identified 168 unigenes referring to the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (including 144 MEP and MVA pathway genes and 24 terpene synthases). Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes identified 2,863 unigenes that were highly expressed in roots, including those encoding enzymes of early steps of tanshinone biosynthetic pathway, such as copalyl diphosphate synthase (SmCPS), kaurene synthase-like (SmKSL) and CYP76AH1. Other differentially expressed unigenes predicted to be related to tanshinone biosynthesis fall into cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, dehydrogenases and reductases, as well as regulatory factors. In addition, 21 P450 genes were selectively confirmed by real-time PCR. Thus we have generated a large unigene dataset which provides a valuable resource for further investigation of the radix development and biosynthesis of tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gu XC, Chen JF, Xiao Y, Di P, Xuan HJ, Zhou X, Zhang L, Chen WS. Overexpression of allene oxide cyclase promoted tanshinone/phenolic acid production in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Plant Cell Rep 2012; 31:2247-59. [PMID: 22926031 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study provides a desirable candidate gene resource (SmAOC) to increase the content of valuable natural products via appropriate JA pathway genetic engineering. Jasmonates (JAs) are important signal molecules in plants. They regulate transcripts of defense and secondary biosynthetic metabolite genes in response to environmental stresses. Currently, JAs are widely used as elicitors to improve the content of useful secondary metabolism in plants. Synthesis of the naturally occurring enantiomer of various jasmonates is catalyzed by allene oxide cyclase (AOC, EC 5.3.99.6). Here, we cloned and characterized the AOC gene (SmAOC) from Salvia miltiorrhiza. As expected, SmAOC expression was induced by abiotic stimuli such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ultraviolet radiation (UV) and low temperature (4 °C) in S. miltiorrhiza plantlets. To demonstrate whether the engineered internal JAs pool by overexpressing AOC gene could promote secondary metabolism production, the SmAOC was incorporated into S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The results revealed that SmAOC overexpression significant enhanced the yields of tanshinone IIA, rosmarinic acid (RA) and lithospermic acid B (LAB) in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. In addition, expression levels for key genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of diterpenes and phenolic acids were also altered. These suggest that genetic manipulation of AOC would be helpful for improving the production of valuable secondary metabolites by regulating the biosynthesis of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ce Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
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Yang D, Ma P, Liang X, Wei Z, Liang Z, Liu Y, Liu F. PEG and ABA trigger methyl jasmonate accumulation to induce the MEP pathway and increase tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Physiol Plant 2012; 146:173-83. [PMID: 22356467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones, a group of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, are derived from at least two biosynthetic pathways, which are the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in the cytosol and the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. Abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) are two well-known plant hormones induced by water stress. In this study, effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), ABA and MJ on tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated, and the role of MJ in PEG- and ABA-induced tanshinone production was further elucidated. The results showed that tanshinone production was significantly enhanced by treatments with PEG, ABA and MJ. The mRNA levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase (HMGR), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), as well as the enzyme activities of HMGR and DXS were stimulated by all three treatments. PEG and ABA triggered MJ accumulation. Effects of PEG and ABA on tanshinone production were completely abolished by the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor [tungstate (TUN)] and the MJ biosynthesis inhibitor [ibuprofen (IBU)], while effects of MJ were almost unaffected by TUN. In addition, MJ-induced tanshinone production was completely abolished by the MEP pathway inhibitor [fosmidomycin (FOS)], but was just partially arrested by the MVA pathway inhibitor [mevinolin (MEV)]. In conclusion, a signal transduction model was proposed that exogenous applications of PEG and ABA triggered endogenous MJ accumulation by activating ABA signaling pathway to stimulate tanshinone production, while exogenous MJ could directly induce tanshinone production mainly via the MEP pathway in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Liang ZS, Yang DF, Liang X, Zhang YJ, Liu Y, Liu FH. Roles of reactive oxygen species in methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide-induced tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Plant Cell Rep 2012; 31:873-883. [PMID: 22189441 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicinal plants for treatment of coronary heart disease. Tanshinones are the main biological active compounds in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) and nitric oxide (NO) on tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MJ and NO-induced tanshinone production were elucidated further. The results showed that contents of four tanshinone compounds were significantly increased by 100 μM MJ when compared to the control. Application of 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, also resulted in a significant increase of tanshinone production. Expression of two key genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) was up-regulated by MJ and SNP. Generations of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) were triggered by MJ, but not by SNP. The increase of tanshinone production and up-regulation of HMGR and DXR expression induced by MJ were significantly inhibited by ROS scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). However, neither SOD nor CAT was able to suppress the SNP-induced increase of tanshinone production and expression of HMGR and DXR gene. In conclusion, tanshinone production was significantly stimulated by MJ and SNP. Of four tanshinone compounds, cryptotanshinone accumulation was most affected by MJ elicitation, while cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA accumulation was more affected by SNP elicitation. ROS mediated MJ-induced tanshinone production, but SNP-induced tanshinone production was ROS independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Suo Liang
- College of Life Science of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Ming Q, Han T, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng C, Huang F, Rahman K, Qin L. Tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I production by Trichoderma atroviride D16, an endophytic fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:330-3. [PMID: 22035769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study the isolation of an endophytic fungus from the root of the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is reported for the first time. The fungus produced tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in rich mycological medium (potato dextrose broth) under shake flask and bench scale fermentation conditions. The fungus was identified as Trichoderma atroviride by its morphology and authenticated by ITS analysis (ITS1 and ITS2 regions and the intervening 5.8S rDNA region). Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA were identified by HPLC and LC-HRMS/MS and confirmed through comparison with authentic standards. This endophytic fungus has significant scientific and industrial potential to meet the pharmaceutical demands for tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in a cost-effective, easily accessible and reproducible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Fang CP, Wang WT, Wang ZF, Shan CG, Ni DP, Zhang YQ. [Effects of phytohormones on hairy root growth and tanshinone biosynthesis of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. Zhong Yao Cai 2011; 34:661-664. [PMID: 21954549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of different phytohormones on the growth of hairy root and biosynthesis of tanshinone II A in Salvia miltiorrhiza. METHODS Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root was induced by organizational culture method. Tanshinone was extracted with ultrasonic method and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The phytohormone combination of GA3 and 6-BA at different concentrations adding to 1/2 MS medium had obviously inhibitory effect on the hairy root growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza. And the highest inhibition rate was up to 100% (hairy roots were death). However, the growth of hairy roots could be obviously promoted by the combination of KT (1.0 mg/L) and IBA (1.0 mg/L), increasing 3. 251 times than that of the control. Total tanshinone II A content in hairy roots bodies was the highest under the combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 3.0 mg/L 6-BA. 6-BA of 2.0 mg/L played a significant role in promoting tanshinone II A biosynthesis, and the tanshinone II A concentration was 3.012 times higher than that of the control. CONCLUSION Different phytohormones and its combination adding to 1/2 MS medium has significant influence on the hairy root growth and the content of tanshinone II A in Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Fang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Li Y, Sun C, Luo HM, Li XW, Niu YY, Chen SL. [Transcriptome characterization for Salvia miltiorrhiza using 454 GS FLX]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2010; 45:524-529. [PMID: 21355222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the profile of gene expression in Salvia miltiorrhiza and elucidate its functional gene, 454 GS FLX platform and Titanium regent were used to produce a substantial expressed sequence tags (ESTs) dataset from the root of S. miltiorrhiza. A total of 46 722 ESTs with an average read length of 414 bp were generated. 454 ESTs were combined with the S. miltiorrhiza ESTs from GenBank. These ESTs were assembled into 18 235 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 454 sequencing identified 13 980 novel unigenes. 73% of these unigenes (13 308) were annotated using BLAST searches (E-value < or = 1e-5) against the SwissProt, KEGG TAIR, Nr and Nt databases. Twenty-seven unigenes (encoding 15 enzymes) were found to be involved in tanshinones biosynthesis, and 29 unigenes (encoding 11 enzymes) involved in phenolic acids biosynthesis. Seventy putative genes were found to encode cytochromes P450 and 577 putative transcription factor genes. Data presented in this study will constitute an important resource for the scientific community that is interested in the molecular genetics and functional genomics of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Keeling CI, Bohlmann J. Genes, enzymes and chemicals of terpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of conifers against insects and pathogens. New Phytol 2006; 170:657-75. [PMID: 16684230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Insects select their hosts, but trees cannot select which herbivores will feed upon them. Thus, as long-lived stationary organisms, conifers must resist the onslaught of varying and multiple attackers over their lifetime. Arguably, the greatest threats to conifers are herbivorous insects and their associated pathogens. Insects such as bark beetles, stem- and wood-boring insects, shoot-feeding weevils, and foliage-feeding budworms and sawflies are among the most devastating pests of conifer forests. Conifer trees produce a great diversity of compounds, such as an enormous array of terpenoids and phenolics, that may impart resistance to a variety of herbivores and microorganisms. Insects have evolved to specialize in resistance to these chemicals -- choosing, feeding upon, and colonizing hosts they perceive to be best suited to reproduction. This review focuses on the plant-insect interactions mediated by conifer-produced terpenoids. To understand the role of terpenoids in conifer-insect interactions, we must understand how conifers produce the wide diversity of terpenoids, as well as understand how these specific compounds affect insect behaviour and physiology. This review examines what chemicals are produced, the genes and proteins involved in their biosynthesis, how they work, and how they are regulated. It also examines how insects and their associated pathogens interact with, elicit, and are affected by conifer-produced terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Keeling
- Michael Smith Laboratories, 301-2185 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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