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Wang YY, Li JJ, Wei QH, Wang XX, Zhang JS, Yan JJ, Zhang H. Bioactive neolignan, iridoid and flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024; 26:690-698. [PMID: 38192122 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2299781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two neolignan glycosides including a new one (1), along with seven iridoid glycosides (3 - 9) and nine flavonoid glycosides (10 - 18), were isolated from the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum. Their structures were established mainly on the basis of 1D/2D NMR and ESIMS analyses, as well as comparison to known compounds in the literature. The structure of 1 with absolute stereochemistry was also confirmed by chemical degradation and ECD calculation. Selective compounds showed antiradical activity against ABTS and/or DPPH. Moreover, several isolates also suppressed the production of ROS in RAW264.7 cells and exerted neuroprotective effect toward PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun-Jiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Quan-Hao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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2
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Zhou J, Qi Z, Yi L, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Zhang J, Ge F, Li Y, Liu J. Enzymatic synthesis of Vaccinium blue using vaccinoside as a bifunctional precursor. Food Chem 2024; 439:138049. [PMID: 38134568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Since Tang dynasty in China, the fresh leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum (VBL) have been applied as natural pigment to produce black rice. However, detailed information on its biosynthetic mechanism still remained unclear. Following rice dyeing capacity assay, vaccinoside, one of iridoid glycosides, was identified as the key active compound. Increased methodical research demonstrated vaccinoside as a distinct bifunctional precursor, which could be catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase or β-glucosidase independently, followed by reaction with 15 amino acids to give blue pigments (VBPs; λmax 581-590 nm) of different hues. Two synthetic pathways of VBPs were proposed, using multiple techniques such as HPLC, HPSEC, UV-Vis spectrum and colorimeter as analysis tools. Black rice was interpreted to be prepared by cooking, using vaccinoside, intrinsic enzymes from fresh VBL and rice protein in combination. These findings promote the understanding of VBP formation mechanisms and provide an efficient method of producing novel Vaccinium blue pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyan Qi
- Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hai-an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Hai-an 226000, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Nantong 215123, China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai-an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Hai-an 226000, China.
| | - Yali Li
- Department of VIP Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Nantong 215123, China.
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Prada-Muñoz J, Coy-Barrera E. Targeted Anthocyanin Profiling of Fruits from Three Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Propagated in Colombia. Molecules 2024; 29:691. [PMID: 38338435 PMCID: PMC10855998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The blueberry, a deciduous shrub in the Ericaceae family, is celebrated for its delightful flavor, sweetness, and abundance of anthocyanins and antioxidants, qualities that have garnered significant attention for their potential health benefits. Blueberries grown in diverse environments and exhibit varied anthocyanin profiles, often influenced by factors such as altitude and climate. Varietal groups worldwide have been bred and categorized based on their growth habits and specific cold requirements, particularly with southern highbush cultivars thriving in temperate climates, demonstrating tolerance to higher altitudes or cooler climates-a result of hybridizations involving various Vaccinium species. In the Colombian Andes, southern highbush blueberries thrive in unique high-altitude conditions, leading to exceptional quality due to the region's cool climate and specific soil characteristics. In this context, this study aimed to chemically characterize and differentiate three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (i.e., 'Biloxi,' 'Legacy' and 'Sharpblue') cultivated in a Colombian Andean plateau and compare them to three commercially available highbush blueberries. This comprehensive evaluation involved examining total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin content, and DPPH· free-radical scavenging capacity, as well as conducting anthocyanin-targeted profiling via HPLC-DAD-HRMS. Through supervised multivariate analyses such as sPLS-DA, this study delved into the pattern recognition of those anthocyanins that could potentially serve as markers for quality and cultivar-related chemical trait determination. These findings locate blueberry-derived anthocyanins in a metabolic context and afford some insights into southern highbush blueberry cultivar differentiation to be used for further purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
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Šedbarė R, Grigaitė O, Janulis V. Peculiarities of the Variation of Biologically Active Compounds in Fruit of Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Growing in the Čepkeliai State Strict Nature Reserve. Molecules 2023; 28:5888. [PMID: 37570858 PMCID: PMC10421140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to analyze the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and triterpene compounds in fruit samples of Vaccinium oxycoccos L. berries growing in the Čepkeliai State Strict Nature Reserve in Lithuania. Studies were carried out on the phytochemical composition of cranberry fruit samples during the period of 2020-2022. Anthocyanins, flavonols, chlorogenic acid and triterpene compounds were identified and quantified using UPLC-DAD methods, and proanthocyanins were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The content of identified compounds varied, as reflected in the total amounts of anthocyanins (710.3 ± 40 µg/g to 6993.8 ± 119 µg/g), proanthocyanidins (378.4 ± 10 µg EE/g to 3557. 3 ± 75 µg EE/g), flavonols (479.6 ± 9 µg/g to 7291.2 ± 226 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (68.0 ± 1 µg/g to 3858.2 ± 119 µg/g), and triterpenoids (3780.8 ± 98 µg/g to 7226.9 ± 224 µg/g). Cranberry fruit samples harvested from open oligotrophic wetland habitats contained higher levels of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonol glycosides, and proanthocyanidins. The highest levels of triterpene compounds were found in the cranberry fruits harvested in the spring of the following year after the snowmelt. The use of principal component analysis showed that cranberry plant material harvested in October and November had higher levels of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Šedbarė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Onutė Grigaitė
- Dzūkija National Park and Čepkeliai State Nature Reserve Directorate, 65334 Merkinė, Lithuania
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Yang JH, Bai TC, Shi LL, Hou B, Tang R, Zhang RP, Chen XL. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Vaccinium dunalianum buds based on biological activity screening and LC-MS. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 306:116190. [PMID: 36693548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The buds of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight are used as folk medicine in the Yi settlement of the Yunnan Province, China. It has long been used as herbal tea in the local area owing to its effects of lowering blood lipids and body weight. However, there are only a few studies on its antihyperlipidemic effects, effective substances and mechanisms, especially its effectiveness in diet-induced hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects, pharmacodynamic material bases, and mechanisms of V. dunalianum buds on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was established. Rats were gavaged with different doses of aqueous extract of V. dunalianum(VDW) for 8 weeks and their sera and organ samples were collected. The antihyperlipidemic effect of VDW on SD rats was evaluated based on the biochemical indices and histopathological outcomes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was used to determine the main components in VDW, which were separated and purified using sequential chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were determined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin, as the principal component of VDW, was also evaluated for its antihyperlipidemic activity using an approach similar to that used for VDW. Lastly, the potential targets of VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin in lowering blood lipids were screened out using network pharmacology, and the selected targets were docked with arbutin derivatives. The expression of target proteins was determined using western blotting to illustrate the antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin. RESULTS VDW reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the serum of modeled rats, and increased high-density lipoprotein levels. There was an improvement in steatoses, and lipid droplet accumulation decreased in vivo after VDW intervention. LC-MS revealed that VDW mainly contained arbutin and chlorogenic acid derivatives. Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified. 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin was the main compound of VDW (>21.67%) that showed obvious antihyperlipidemic effect with low hepatic damage at different doses. PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB were screened out using network pharmacology and they showed strong correlations with arbutin derivative through molecular docking. Results from WB showed that VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin could reduce blood lipid levels by reducing the protein expression of PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB. CONCLUSIONS 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin was the main component of V. dunalianum buds. VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin could regulate blood lipid levels in the high-fat diet-induced rat model of hyperlipidemia without damaging their vital organs. Furthermore, they could regulate the expression of PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB proteins and play a role in lowering blood lipids. The findings of this study lay a foundation for the further development of V. dunalianum and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin as health supplements or drugs for the management of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Han Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tong-Chen Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Lu-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ran Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, 665099, PR China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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Guevara-Terán M, Padilla-Arias K, Beltrán-Novoa A, González-Paramás AM, Giampieri F, Battino M, Vásquez-Castillo W, Fernandez-Soto P, Tejera E, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Influence of Altitudes and Development Stages on the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Capacity of the Wild Andean Blueberry ( Vaccinium floribundum Kunth). Molecules 2022; 27:7525. [PMID: 36364359 PMCID: PMC9657399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and biological capacities of berries depend on environmental parameters, maturity, and location. The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), also known as mortiño, presents a unique combination of several phytochemicals, which play a synergistic role in its characterization as a functional food. We aimed to expose the possible variations that exist in the profile of the phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of the wild Andean blueberry with respect to three ripeness stages and two different altitudes. We found that polyphenols are the predominant compounds in the berry during the early ripeness stage and are the main bioactive compounds that give rise to the antioxidant capacity and inhibition effect on the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the accumulation of ascorbic acid, free amino acids, and anthocyanins increases as the ripening process progresses, and they were the main bioactive compounds in the ripe berry. The latter compounds influence the production of the typical bluish or reddish coloration of ripe blueberries. In addition, it was determined that environmental conditions at high altitudes could have a positive influence in all cases. Overall, our data provide evidence regarding the high functional value of the wild Andean blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Guevara-Terán
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Beltrán-Novoa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko, Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 2254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | | | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Huang F, Marungruang N, Kostiuchenko O, Kravchenko N, Burleigh S, Prykhodko O, Hållenius FF, Heyman-Lindén L. Identification of Nordic Berries with Beneficial Effects on Cognitive Outcomes and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Fed Middle-Aged C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:2734. [PMID: 35807915 PMCID: PMC9269296 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets are associated with neuronal and memory dysfunction. Berries may be useful in improving age-related memory deficits in humans, as well as in mice receiving high-fat diets. Emerging research has also demonstrated that brain health and cognitive function may be related to the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota. In this study, the impact of Nordic berries on the brain and the gut microbiota was investigated in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed high-fat diets (60%E fat) supplemented with freeze-dried powder (6% dwb) of bilberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, blueberry, blackcurrant, and sea buckthorn for 4 months. The results suggest that supplementation with bilberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, lingonberry, and (to some extent) cloudberry has beneficial effects on spatial cognition, as seen by the enhanced performance following the T-maze alternation test, as well as a greater proportion of DCX-expressing cells with prolongation in hippocampus. Furthermore, the proportion of the mucosa-associated symbiotic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila increased by 4-14 times in the cecal microbiota of mice fed diets supplemented with lingonberry, bilberry, sea buckthorn, and blueberry. These findings demonstrate the potential of Nordic berries to preserve memory and cognitive function, and to induce alterations of the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Aventure AB, Scheelevägen 22, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olha Kostiuchenko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.K.); (N.K.); (S.B.); (O.P.); (F.F.H.)
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 010 24 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kravchenko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.K.); (N.K.); (S.B.); (O.P.); (F.F.H.)
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 010 24 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.K.); (N.K.); (S.B.); (O.P.); (F.F.H.)
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.K.); (N.K.); (S.B.); (O.P.); (F.F.H.)
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.K.); (N.K.); (S.B.); (O.P.); (F.F.H.)
| | - Lovisa Heyman-Lindén
- Berry Lab AB, Scheelevägen 22, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.M.); (L.H.-L.)
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Cerrato A, Piovesana S, Aita SE, Cavaliere C, Felletti S, Laganà A, Montone CM, Vargas‐de‐la‐Cruz C, Capriotti AL. Detailed investigation of the composition and transformations of phenolic compounds in fresh and fermented Vaccinium floribundum berry extracts by high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:507-516. [PMID: 35064611 PMCID: PMC9543071 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blueberries are known for their very high content of biologically active phenolic compounds; nonetheless, differently from the North American and European species of blueberries, Neotropical blueberries have not been extensively studied yet. OBJECTIVES In the present paper, the phenolic composition of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, which is endemic to the Andean regions and grows 1,600 to 4,500 meters above sea level, was investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Native and fermented berries were compared in terms of phenolic composition as well as antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total anthocyanin content. MATERIALS AND METHODS V. floribundum native and fermented berries were extracted and analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS. The acquired datasets were processed by Compound Discoverer 3.1 using a dedicated data analysis workflow that was specifically set up for phenolic compound identification. RESULTS In total, 309 compounds were tentatively identified, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins. The molecular transformations of phenolic compounds during fermentation were comprehensively investigated for the first time, and by a customized data processing workflow, 13 quinones and quinone methides were tentatively identified in the fermented samples. Compared to other species of the genus Vaccinium, a peculiar phenolic profile is observed, with low abundance of highly methylated compounds. CONCLUSION Andean berries are a rich source of a wide variety of phenolic compounds. Untargeted MS analyses coupled to a dedicated data processing workflow allowed expanding the current knowledge on these berries, improving our understanding of the fate of phenolic compounds after fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerrato
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus EcotekneUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | | | - Celia Vargas‐de‐la‐Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department Pharmacology, Toxicology and BromatologyCentro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bacteriología Alimentaria‐CLEIBA, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru
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9
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Abstract
Variations in volatile organic compound (VOC) type and content can result in noticeable differences in fruit aroma. The genus Vaccinium encompasses over 500 distinct species of berry-producing plants, several of which are important to commercial horticulture. Understanding which VOCs are produced by different members of this genus could greatly aid efforts to improve the aroma of multiple Vaccinium crops by breeding for desirable fruit volatiles. This review summarizes the published research available on this topic, examining prior work done to characterize the volatile profiles of blueberries, cranberries, bilberries, lingonberries, whortleberries, and other Vaccinium berries. In addition, analytical methodologies used to obtain Vaccinium berry volatile profiles are discussed. Possible future directions for Vaccinium berry volatile research are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Sater
- Hull Road Fifield Hall, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, United States
| | - Lorenzo N Bizzio
- Hull Road Fifield Hall, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, United States
| | - Denise M Tieman
- Hull Road Fifield Hall, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, United States
| | - Patricio D Muñoz
- Hull Road Fifield Hall, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, United States
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10
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Esquivel-Alvarado D, Muñoz-Arrieta R, Alfaro-Viquez E, Madrigal-Carballo S, Krueger CG, Reed JD. Composition of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins in Three Tropical Vaccinium Species from Costa Rica. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2872-2879. [PMID: 31244206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and proanthocyanidin (PAC) content were determined in fruit from three tropical Vaccinium species (Vaccinium consanguineum, Vaccinium floribundum, and Vaccinium poasanum) from Costa Rica sampled at three stages of fruit development. Results show that TAC increased as the fruit developed, while TPC, TFC, and PAC content decreased. Anthocyanin profiles were evaluated using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Cyanidin and delphinidin glycosides were the predominant anthocyanins for the three tropical Vaccinium species. Proanthocyanidins were characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presence of procyanidin structures with B-type interflavan bonds were observed, but deconvolution of mass spectrometry isotope patterns indicated that PACs with one or more A-type interflavan bonds accounted for more than 74% of the oligomers at each degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Esquivel-Alvarado
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Arrieta
- National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica (CENIBiot), 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Emilia Alfaro-Viquez
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sergio Madrigal-Carballo
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christian G Krueger
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, Wisconsin 53523, United States
| | - Jess D Reed
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, Wisconsin 53523, United States
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11
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Debnath SC, Goyali JC. In Vitro Propagation and Variation of Antioxidant Properties in Micropropagated Vaccinium Berry Plants-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040788. [PMID: 32059466 PMCID: PMC7070298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The berry crops in genus Vacciniun L. are the richest sources of antioxidant metabolites which have high potential to reduce the incidence of several degenerative diseases. In vitro propagation or micropropagation has been attractive to researchers for its incredible potential for mass production of a selected genotype in a short time, all year round. Propagation techniques affect the antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves. Total antioxidant activity was higher in the fruit of in vitro propagated plants compare to the plants grown ex vivo. This review provides critical information for better understanding the micropropagation and conventional propagation methods, and their effects on antioxidant properties and morphological differentiation in Vaccinium species, and fills an existing gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir C. Debnath
- St. John’s Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John’s, Bldg. 25, 308 Brookfield Road, St. John’s, NL A1E 0B2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-793-3324
| | - Juran C. Goyali
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
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12
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Bayrami A, Alioghli S, Rahim Pouran S, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Khataee A, Ramesh S. A facile ultrasonic-aided biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. leaf extract and its antidiabetic, antibacterial, and oxidative activity evaluation. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 55:57-66. [PMID: 31084791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanoparticles often result in the generation of harmful chemical pollutants. As such, many researchers have focused on developing green processes, which include the biosynthesis. In this research, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using the leaf extract of whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) via a simple ultrasonic-assisted method. The morphology, crystal size and structure, surface, thermal, and optical properties of the bio-mediated ZnO sample (ZnOext) were analyzed and compared with that produced without incorporating the extract (ZnOchem). The ZnO samples were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antibacterial, as well as their sono- and photo-catalytic performances. Initially, the samples were intraperitoneal injected to alloxan-diabetic rats to examine their treatment efficiency in terms of effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and total triglyceride levels. The ZnOext showed significantly higher efficiency for improving the health status of alloxan-diabetic rats in contrast with other tested treatments, vis. ZnOchem, insulin, and only leaf extract. In addition, both the ZnO samples were assessed against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and through sono- and photo-catalytic processes for removing rhodamine B, respectively. The results of this study indicated that not only the ZnOext sample was pollution free, it also exhibited higher potentials for treating diabetic rats, bacterial decontamination, and also oxidative removal of organic compounds under the influences of ultrasound and UV irradiations when compared with ZnOchem sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Alioghli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shima Rahim Pouran
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - S Ramesh
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Alzate-Arbeláez AF, Dorta E, López-Alarcón C, Cortés FB, Rojano BA. Immobilization of Andean berry (Vaccinium meridionale) polyphenols on nanocellulose isolated from banana residues: A natural food additive with antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2019; 294:503-517. [PMID: 31126493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose obtained from banana rachis (NCBR) was loaded (through simple impregnation) with a polyphenolic-rich extract (PRE) of Andean berries (Vaccinium meridionale). The adsorption/desorption of polyphenols onto NCBR and the thermal stability and antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic-NCBR nanocomplex (NCX) was studied. Thermodynamic properties (ΔH°ads, ΔS°ads and ΔG°ads) showed that polyphenols interact with NCBR by physisorption through a spontaneous and exothermic process. The NCX kept the original color of PRE (magenta) and released polyphenols in aqueous medium (80% of phenolic compounds in the first hour and 50% of anthocyanins in the first few minutes). The NCX showed high antioxidant activity, as evidenced by traditional assays, and inhibited the peroxyl radicals mediated oxidation of a tryptophan-containing peptide. Additionally, NCX inhibited lipid peroxidation in an emulsified system of Sacha inchi oil exposed to accelerated oxidative conditions. In conclusion, the NCX showed good properties as an antioxidant with potential use as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Alzate-Arbeláez
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 # 59A-110, Medellín 050034, Colombia.
| | - Eva Dorta
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Farid B Cortés
- Grupo de Fenómenos de Superficie, Michael Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 80 # 65-223, Medellín 050034, Colombia.
| | - Benjamín A Rojano
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 # 59A-110, Medellín 050034, Colombia.
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14
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Shotyk W, Bicalho B, Grant-Weaver I, Stachiw S. A geochemical perspective on the natural abundance and predominant sources of trace elements in cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus) from remote bogs in the Boreal region of northern Alberta, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:1652-1663. [PMID: 30017103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements in native cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) were compared with the underlying Sphagnum moss on which it grows, from two remote ombrotrophic (rain-fed) peat bogs in northern Alberta, Canada. The purpose of the comparison was to distinguish between dust inputs to the berries versus plant uptake from the substrate, and to determine the natural abundance of trace elements in native berries. Using Al as an indicator of the abundance of soil-derived mineral particles, the abundance of dust on the surface of the berries is 20 to 29× lower than that of the substrate (moss). Other lithophile elements (V, Cr, Co, Ga, Li and Y) show similar differences between moss and berry. The concentrations of Rb and Ba in berries were similar to moss and Sr within a factor of 3 to 4×, probably reflecting passive uptake of these lithophile elements by the plants, even though they have no known physiological function. Of the micronutrients examined (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo), Cu and Mn were more abundant in berries than moss, Ni and Zn yielded similar concentrations in both whereas Fe followed by Mo showed the greatest concentration difference. For these micronutrients, uptake by the plants through their roots via the substrate (moss and peat) outweighs contributions from atmospheric dusts. In respect to potentially toxic "heavy metals", Pb concentrations in the moss (BMW, 89 ± 7.3 μg/kg; CMW, 93 ± 27 μg/kg) are below the natural, "background" values reported for ancient layers of Swiss peat from the mid-Holocene (>6000 years old). The Pb concentrations in the berries, however, are 19 to 47× lower than in the underlying moss indicating that Pb in the berries, like Al, is exclusively supplied by dust. Cadmium in the berries is at or above the level found in moss due to active uptake by the plants from the substrate, most likely because of the chemical similarity of this element to Zn. Silver, Sb and Tl in the berries were <LOD, but assuming that they are supplied exclusively by dust inputs, their concentrations in the berries can be estimated from the Al concentrations. Taken together, these data provide an estimate of the natural abundance of these elements in berries, based on measured (Cd, Pb) and calculated (Ag, Sb, Tl) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shotyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - Beatriz Bicalho
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - Iain Grant-Weaver
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - Samantha Stachiw
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada.
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15
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Jurikova T, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J, Balla S, Snopek L. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Biological Effects of European Cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos). Molecules 2018; 24:E24. [PMID: 30577610 PMCID: PMC6337168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesser known fruits or underutilized fruit species are recently of great research interest due to the presence of phytochemicals that manifest many biological effects. European cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit, as an important representative of this group, is a valuable source of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, similar to American cranberry (V. macrocarpon) which is well known and studied. European cranberry fruit is rich especially in polyphenolic compounds anthocyanins (12.4⁻207.3 mg/100 g fw), proanthocyanins (1.5⁻5.3 mg/100 g fw), and flavonols, especially quercetin (0.52⁻15.4 mg/100 g fw), which mostly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Small cranberry is also important due to its various biological effects such as urinary tract protection (proanthocyanidins), antibacterial and antifungal properties (quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), cardioprotective (proanthocyanidins) and anticancer activities (proanthocyanidins), and utilization in food (juice drinks, jams, jellies, sauces, additive to meat products) and pharmacological industries, and in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan Balla
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Lukas Snopek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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16
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Agudelo CD, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Campos-Vega R, Loarca-Piña G, Maldonado-Celis ME. Bioaccessibility during In Vitro Digestion and Antiproliferative Effect of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Berry ( Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) Juice. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:7358-7366. [PMID: 29913068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Berry consumption is associated with colorectal-cancer chemoprevention, but digestive conditions can affect this property. The bioaccessibility and apparent permeability coefficients of bioactive compounds from Andean Berry Juice (ABJ) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation were analyzed. The antiproliferative effect of the fermented nondigestible fraction was evaluated against SW480 colon-adenocarcinoma cells. Gallic acid displayed the highest bioaccessibility in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and colon. However, chlorogenic acid exhibited the highest apparent permeability coefficients (up to 1.98 × 10-4 cm/s). The colonic-fermentation fraction showed an increase of ≥50% antiproliferative activity against SW480 cells (19.32%, v/v), equivalent to those of gallic acid (13.04 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (7.07 μg/g), caffeic acid (0.40 μg/g), ellagic acid (7.32 μg/g), rutin (6.50 μg/g), raffinose (0.14 mg/g), stachyose (0.70 mg/g), and xylose (9.41 mg/g). Bioactive compounds from ABJ are bioaccessible through the gastrointestinal tract and colon fermentation, resulting in antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Agudelo
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Antioquia , Calle 67 #53-108 , Medellín AA 1226 , Colombia
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Programa de Posgrado del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry , Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Santiago de Querétaro 76010 , México
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry , Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Santiago de Querétaro 76010 , México
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry , Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Santiago de Querétaro 76010 , México
| | - María E Maldonado-Celis
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética , Universidad de Antioquia , Ciudadela de Robledo Carrera 75 # 65-87 , Medellín AA 1226 , Colombia
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17
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Maulik M, Mitra S, Hunter S, Hunstiger M, Oliver SR, Bult-Ito A, Taylor BE. Sir-2.1 mediated attenuation of α-synuclein expression by Alaskan bog blueberry polyphenols in a transgenic model of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10216. [PMID: 29976995 PMCID: PMC6033853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and accumulation of cellular protein aggregates are pathological hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration. One such protein is α-synuclein, which when misfolded, forms aggregates and disrupts normal cellular functions of the neurons causing Parkinson's disease. Nutritional interventions abundant in pharmacologically potent polyphenols have demonstrated a therapeutic role for combating protein aggregation associated with neurodegeneration. The current study hypothesized that Alaskan bog blueberry (Vaccinum uliginosum), which is high in polyphenolic content, will reduce α-synuclein expression in a model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We observed that blueberry extracts attenuated α-synuclein protein expression, improved healthspan in the form of motility and restored lipid content in the transgenic strain of C. elegans expressing human α-synuclein. We also found reduced gene expression levels of sir-2.1 (ortholog of mammalian Sirtuin 1) in blueberry treated transgenic animals indicating that the beneficial effects of blueberries could be mediated through partial reduction of sirtuin activity. This therapeutic effect of the blueberries was attributed to its xenohormetic properties. The current results highlight the role of Alaskan blueberries in mediating inhibition of sir-2.1 as a novel therapeutic approach to improving pathologies of protein misfolding diseases. Finally, our study warrants further investigation of the structure, and specificity of such small molecules from indigenous natural compounds and its role as sirtuin regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Maulik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Skyler Hunter
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Moriah Hunstiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - S Ryan Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Abel Bult-Ito
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Barbara E Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences and College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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18
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López-Padilla A, Martín D, Villanueva Bermejo D, Jaime L, Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Restrepo Flórez CE, Rivero Barrios DM, Fornari T. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz extracts and their addition in beef burgers as antioxidant ingredient. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:377-383. [PMID: 28612382 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (mortiño) constitutes a source of bioactive phytochemicals, but reports related to its efficient and green production are scarce. In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of mortiño were compared. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+ ) were determined. Beef burgers with 20 g kg-1 of mortiño (MM) or its PLE extract (ME) were manufactured. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) and instrumental color changes were measured after refrigerated storage. RESULTS High TPC (up to 72 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 extract) was determined in mortiño extracts, which was positively correlated with antioxidant activity. TBARS values of beef burgers containing either MM or ME did not change after refrigerated storage, whereas lipid oxidation of control burgers increased significantly. The color of burgers with added MM or ME was different (lower b* and a* values) from that of control burgers. However, the evolution of color after storage was similar between control and ME samples. CONCLUSION Mortiño extracts with high TPC can be obtained by PLE. Both mortiño and its PLE extract are able to control lipid oxidation of beef burgers, but the extract is preferred from the color quality point of view. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis López-Padilla
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martín
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Villanueva Bermejo
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tiziana Fornari
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ravan AP, Bahmani M, Ghasemi Basir HR, Salehi I, Oshaghi EA. Hepatoprotective effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:463-471. [PMID: 28467312 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos (V.a) methanolic extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in Wistar rats. METHODS Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of V.a were determined. Extracts of V.a at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered by oral gavage to rats once per day for 7 days and then were given an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg CCl4 (1:1 in olive oil) for 3 consecutive days. Serum biochemical markers of liver injury, oxidative markers, as well as hydroxyproline (HP) content and histopathology of liver were evaluated. RESULTS The obtained results showed that V.a had strong antioxidant activity. Treatment of rats with V.a blocked the CCl4-induced elevation of serum markers of liver function and enhanced albumin and total protein levels. The level of hepatic HP content was also reduced by the administration of V.a treatment. Histological examination of the liver section revealed that V.a prevented the occurrence of pathological changes in CCl4-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that V.a may be useful in the treatment and prevention of hepatic injury induced by CCl4.
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20
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Qian HF, Li Y, Wang L. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves' polysaccharide alleviates hepatic gluconeogenesis via the downregulation of miR-137. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1397-1403. [PMID: 28946187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.(VBT) is a traditional Chinese herb that recorded has an effect of hypoglycemic. We previous discovered a dose-dependent anti-diabetic function of VBT. leaves' polysaccharide (VBTLP), but little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesized that VBTLP would decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis to improve glucose metabolism in mice. To test this hypothesis, glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate the effect of VBTLP on mice hepatic gluconeogenesis. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to measure both in vivo and in vitro gene regulation under VBTLP treatment. Online bioinformatic analysis was performed to discover a target candidate, miR-137 of LKB1 and AMPK under VBTLP treatment, and the luciferase assay was conducted to validate it. Here we found that VBT. leaves' polysaccharide (VBTLP) decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of LKB1/AMPK axis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies reveal that miR-137 regulates hepatic glucose homeostasis by directly targeting AMPK and LKB1. Furthermore, we shown that VBTLP decreased hepatic miR-137 level, which might contribute to activation of LKB1/AMPK and downregulation of gluconeogenesis. Taken together, our study shown that the mechanisms might involve in VBTLP hypoglycemic effect, alleviates hepatic gluconeogenesis via the downregulation of miR-137. Our findings provide guidance in developing novel, safe and effective therapies for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Mirfeizi M, Mehdizadeh Tourzani Z, Mirfeizi SZ, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Rezvani HR, Afzali M. Controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus with herbal medicines: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Diabetes 2016; 8:647-56. [PMID: 26362826 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of alternative medicines is common in patients with diabetes mellitus. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cinnamon and Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) on blood glucose control, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS In all, 105 T2DM patients were recruited to the present randomized triple-blinded clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into three groups and administered either placebo, cinnamon or whortleberry supplements (1 g/day) for 90 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, lipid profiles, and HbA1c were measured before and after the study. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the three groups. After treatment, FBG, 2-h blood postprandial glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were significantly reduced in patients in the whortleberry group, but not in the placebo group. After treatment, there was a significant difference in BMI between the cinnamon and control groups (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in any variables between the cinnamon and whortleberry groups (P>0.05 for all). In addition, there was a significant decrease in all indices of glucose control in all the cinnamon and whortleberry groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity or lipid profile among the three groups. However, the use of cinnamon and whortleberry in addition to conventional medical treatment is recommended to adjust weight and blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Mirfeizi
- Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Zahra Mirfeizi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Department of Rheumatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Monireh Afzali
- Department of Pharmacoeconomy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Heffels P, Weber F, Schieber A. Influence of Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on the Anthocyanin Profile of Different Vaccinium Species in the Context of Statistical Models for Authentication. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7532-7538. [PMID: 26330254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are frequently discussed as marker compounds for fruit product authenticity. Proper analysis including sample preparation for the determination of anthocyanin concentrations is crucial for the comparability of authenticity data. The present study determined the influence of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using two different solvent compositions on the anthocyanin profile of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), and American cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Besides differences in total anthocyanin concentrations in the extracts, significant deviations (p ≤ 0.05) in the individual anthocyanin concentration were observed, resulting in differing anthocyanin proportions. Linear discriminant analysis comparing the differences caused by the extraction method to the natural differences within a set of 26 bilberry and lowbush blueberry samples of different origins was conducted. It revealed that profile variations induced by the extraction methods are in a similar scale to profile variations as a result of geographic and climatic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Heffels
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology, University of Bonn , Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology, University of Bonn , Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology, University of Bonn , Römerstrasse 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
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Abraham J, Zhang A, Angeli S, Abubeker S, Michel C, Feng Y, Rodriguez-Saona C. Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Volatiles From Fruit Extracts. Environ Entomol 2015; 44:356-67. [PMID: 26313190 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft-skinned fruit crops since its introduction into North America and Europe in 2008. Current monitoring strategies use baits based on fermentation products; however, to date, no fruit-based volatile blends attractive to this fly have been identified. This is particularly important because females are able to cut into the epicarp of ripening fruit for oviposition. Thus, we conducted studies to: 1) investigate the behavioral responses of adult D. suzukii to volatiles from blueberry, cherry, raspberry, and strawberry fruit extracts; 2) identify the antennally active compounds from the most attractive among the tested extracts (raspberry) using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and coupled gas chromatography -electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD); and 3) test a synthetic blend containing the EAD-active compounds identified from raspberry extract on adult attraction. In olfactometer studies, both female and male D. suzukii were attracted to all four fruit extracts. The attractiveness of the fruit extracts ranks as: raspberry ≥ strawberry > blueberry ≥ cherry. GC analyses showed that the fruit extracts emit distinct volatile compounds. In GC-EAD experiments, 11 raspberry extract volatiles consistently elicited antennal responses in D. suzukii. In choice test bioassays, a synthetic EAD-active blend attracted more D. suzukii than a blank control, but was not as attractive as the raspberry extract. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a behaviorally and antennally active blend of host fruit volatiles attractive to D. suzukii, offering promising opportunities for the development of improved monitoring and behaviourally based management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abraham
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Present Address: Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sitra Abubeker
- USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Caryn Michel
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Yan Feng
- USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019
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Blaker KM, Plotto A, Baldwin EA, Olmstead JW. Correlation between sensory and instrumental measurements of standard and crisp-texture southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids). J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2785-93. [PMID: 24619938 PMCID: PMC4283978 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit texture is a primary selection trait in southern highbush blueberry (SHB) breeding to increase fresh fruit postharvest quality and consumer acceptance. A novel crisp fruit texture has recently been identified among SHB germplasm. In this study, we developed a common set of descriptors that align sensory evaluation of blueberry fruit texture with instrumental measures that could be used for quantitative measurements during pre- and postharvest evaluation. RESULTS Sensory and instrumental characteristics were measured in 36 and 49 genotypes in 2010 and 2011, respectively. A trained sensory panel evaluated fresh fruit based on five common textural attributes in 2010 and 2011: bursting energy, flesh firmness, skin toughness, juiciness and mealiness. Instrumental measures of compression and bioyield forces were significantly different among cultivars and correlated with sensory scores for bursting energy, flesh firmness and skin toughness (R > 0.7, except skin toughness in 2011), but correlations with sensory scores for juiciness and mealiness were low (R < 0.4). CONCLUSION The results of sensory and instrumental measures supported the use of both compression and bioyield force measures in distinguishing crisp from standard-texture genotypes, and suggest that crisp texture in SHB is related to the sensory perception of bursting energy, flesh firmness and skin toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra M Blaker
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARSFort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | | | - James W Olmstead
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Markus MA, Ferrier J, Luchsinger SM, Yuk J, Cuerrier A, Balick MJ, Hicks JM, Killday KB, Kirby CW, Berrue F, Kerr RG, Knagge K, Gödecke T, Ramirez BE, Lankin DC, Pauli GF, Burton I, Karakach TK, Arnason JT, Colson KL. Distinguishing Vaccinium species by chemical fingerprinting based on NMR spectra, validated with spectra collected in different laboratories. Planta Med 2014; 80:732-9. [PMID: 24963620 PMCID: PMC4242896 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed to distinguish Vaccinium species based on leaf extracts using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reference spectra were measured on leaf extracts from several species, including lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), oval leaf huckleberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). Using principal component analysis, these leaf extracts were resolved in the scores plot. Analysis of variance statistical tests demonstrated that the three groups differ significantly on PC2, establishing that the three species can be distinguished by nuclear magnetic resonance. Soft independent modeling of class analogies models for each species also showed discrimination between species. To demonstrate the robustness of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for botanical identification, spectra of a sample of lowbush blueberry leaf extract were measured at five different sites, with different field strengths (600 versus 700 MHz), different probe types (cryogenic versus room temperature probes), different sample diameters (1.7 mm versus 5 mm), and different consoles (Avance I versus Avance III). Each laboratory independently demonstrated the linearity of their NMR measurements by acquiring a standard curve for chlorogenic acid (R(2) = 0.9782 to 0.9998). Spectra acquired on different spectrometers at different sites classifed into the expected group for the Vaccinium spp., confirming the utility of the method to distinguish Vaccinium species and demonstrating nuclear magnetic resonance fingerprinting for material validation of a natural health product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Ferrier
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Jimmy Yuk
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Plant Biology Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael J. Balick
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Berrue
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Russell G. Kerr
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Kevin Knagge
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Burton
- NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hummer K, Durst R, Zee F, Atnip A, Giusti MM. Phytochemicals in fruits of Hawaiian wild cranberry relatives. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1530-1536. [PMID: 24154960 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) contain high levels of phytochemicals such as proanthocyanidins (PACs). These polymeric condensations of flavan-3-ol monomers are associated with health benefits. Our objective was to evaluate phytochemicals in fruit from Hawaiian cranberry relatives, V. reticulatum Sm. and V. calycinum Sm. Normal-phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence and ESI-MS detected PACs; the colorimetric 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay was used to determine total PACs. Spectrophotometric tests and reverse-phase HPLC coupled to photodiode array and refractive index detectors evaluated phenolics, sugars, and organic acids. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC and FRAP assays. RESULTS Antioxidant capacities of Hawaiian berries were high. The FRAP measurement for V. calycinum was 454.7 ± 90.2 µmol L(-1) Trolox equivalents kg(-1) for pressed fruit. Hawaiian berries had lower peonidin, quinic and citric acids amounts and invert (∼1) glucose/fructose ratio compared with cranberry. Both Hawaiian Vaccinium species were good sources of PACs; they contained phenolics and PAC monomers, A and B-type trimers, tetramers and larger polymers. Vaccinium reticulatum and V. calycinum showed comparable or higher PAC levels than in cranberry. Cranberries had higher percentage of A-type dimers than did V. reticulatum. A and B-type dimers were not differentiated in V. calycinum. The total PACs (as measured by DMAC) for V. calycinum (24.3 ± 0.10 mg catechin equivalents kg(-1) ) were about twice that in cranberry. CONCLUSION Berries of V. reticulatum and V. calycinum could serve as a rich dietary source of PACs, comparable to or greater than cranberries. These finding suggest that Hawaiian Vaccinium berries could be a functional food. Additional examination of the phytochemicals in other wild Vaccinium species is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hummer
- US Department of Agriculture, ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
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Toomik P, Püssa T, Raal A. Variability of procyanidin type A- and -B trimers content in aerial parts of some Vaccinium species and cultivars. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:815-816. [PMID: 25115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the ethnopharmacological data showing that either wild bilberry leaves or whole aerial parts of the plants have been used as antidiabetic drugs, it can be hypothesized that the controversial results of various clinical and animal investigations may be caused by different contents of the active principles in different aerial parts of the bilberry/blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) plants, as well as by their geographical and seasonal variability. The aim of this study was to compare the content of procyanidin type A- and -B trimers in different parts of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and northern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) cultivars. Stems (60 samples) and leaves (30 samples) of wild bilberries and northern highbush blueberry cultivars 'Ama' and 'North Blue' were collected at different locations in Estonia around the year, and analyzed for the concentration of the target polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. The highest content of type A doubly linked trimer, a known antidiabetic substance, was established in the stems of V. myrtillus. These contained up to 100 times more of the active substance than the leaves of V. myrtillus and at least 1000 times more than the leaves of V. corymbosum, whereas the seasonal/geographical variation was nearly tenfold. We suggest using stems of V. myrtillus for future animal and clinical investigations of bilberry preparations against diabetes.
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Grace MH, Esposito D, Dunlap KL, Lila MA. Comparative analysis of phenolic content and profile, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity in wild Alaskan and commercial Vaccinium berries. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4007-17. [PMID: 24219831 PMCID: PMC4026347 DOI: 10.1021/jf403810y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wild Alaskan Vaccinium berries, V. vitis-idaea (lowbush cranberry) and V. uliginosum (bog blueberry), were investigated in parallel with their commercial berry counterparts, V. macrocarpon (cranberry) and V. angustifolium (lowbush blueberry). Lowbush cranberry accumulated about twice the total phenolics (624.4 mg/100 g FW) and proanthocyanidins (278.8 mg/100 g) content as commercial cranberries, but A-type proanthocyanidins were more prevalent in the latter. Bog blueberry anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of 220 and 504.5 mg/100 g, respectively, significantly exceeded those of the lowbush blueberry. Chlorogenic acid, however, was quite high in lowbush blueberry (83.1 mg/100 g), but undetected in bog blueberry, and the proanthocyanidins of lowbush blueberry had significantly higher levels of polymerization. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH, APTS, and FRAP) correlated with phenolic content for each berry. A polyphenol-rich fraction from lowbush cranberry exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-elicited induction of IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells, indicative of strong anti-inflammatory activity. These results corroborate the historic use of wild Alaskan berries as medicinally important foods in Alaska Native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Kriya L. Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Corresponding Author: Phone (704) 250-5407; Fax: (704) 250-5409.
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Langhammer AJ, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of human CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 by six herbs commonly used in pregnancy. Phytother Res 2014; 28:603-10. [PMID: 23843424 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Black elderberry, cranberry, fennel, ginger, horsetail, and raspberry leaf, herbs frequently used in pregnancy, were investigated for their in vitro CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 inhibitory potential. Aqueous or ethanolic extracts were made from commercially available herbal products, and incubations were performed with recombinant cDNA-expressed human CYP enzymes in the presence of positive inhibitory controls. Metabolite formation was determined by validated LCMS/MS or HPLC methodologies. IC50 inhibition constants were estimated from CYP activity inhibition plots using non-linear regression. The most potent inhibition was shown for fennel towards CYP2D6 and 3A4 with respective IC50 constants of 23 ± 2 and 40 ± 4 µg/ml, horsetail towards CYP1A2 with an IC50 constant of 27 ± 1 µg/ml, and raspberry leaf towards CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 with IC50 constants of 44 ± 2, 47 ± 8, and 81 ± 11 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the recommended dosing of the different commercial herbal products, clinically relevant systemic CYP inhibitions could be possible for fennel, horsetail, and raspberry leaf. In addition, fennel and raspberry leaf might cause a clinically relevant inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4. The in vivo inhibitory potential of these herbs towards specific CYP enzymes should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Jordet Langhammer
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
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Manganaris GA, Goulas V, Vicente AR, Terry LA. Berry antioxidants: small fruits providing large benefits. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:825-33. [PMID: 24122646 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Small berry fruits are consumed because of their attractive colour and special taste, and are considered one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Their consumption has been linked to the prevention of some chronic and degenerative diseases. The term 'berry fruits' encompasses the so-called 'soft fruits', primarily strawberry, currants, gooseberry, blackberry, raspberry, blueberry and cranberry. The objective of this review is to highlight the nutraceutical value of berries and to summarize the factors affecting berry fruit antioxidants. Particular attention is given to postharvest and processing operation factors that may affect fruit phytochemical content. The structure-antioxidant relationships for phenolic compounds - the main group of antioxidants in this fruit group - are presented and major areas for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus
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31
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Qu J, Chen X, Niu CS, Yu SS. [Chemical constituents from Vaccinium bracteatum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:684-688. [PMID: 25204147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents of Vaccinium bracteatum were studied by means of macroporous resin, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Eleven compounds were isolated from this plant. By using ESI-MS and NMR, the structures of the eleven compounds were determined as 10-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (1), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl -6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (2), vaccinoside (3), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl monotropein (4), isolariciresinol-9-O-beta-D-xyloside (5), tectoridin (6), vicenin-3 (7), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (9), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (10), and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (11), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are new, and compounds 4, 6 and 7 are isolated from the genus Vaccinium for the first time.
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Prencipe FP, Bruni R, Guerrini A, Rossi D, Benvenuti S, Pellati F. Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in Vaccinium berries and determination of their chemopreventive properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 89:257-67. [PMID: 24316426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation on the chemical composition and chemopreventive activity of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth berries was carried out in comparison with Vaccinium myrtillus L. Berry polyphenols were extracted by using two sequential dynamic maceration steps, which enabled to maximize the yields of secondary metabolites. In particular, phenolic acids and flavonols were extracted from berries using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), whereas anthocyanins were extracted from the residue with 0.6M HCl in methanol (MeOH). The analysis of secondary metabolites in berry extracts was performed by means of two specific HPLC methods. Phenolic acids and flavonols were analyzed on an Ascentis C18 column (250mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of 0.1M HCOOH in H2O and ACN. Anthocyanin analysis was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (150mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of H2O-HCOOH (9:1, v/v) and MeOH-H2O-HCOOH (5:4:1, v/v/v). Detection was performed by UV/DAD, MS and MS(2). The polyphenol composition of V. floribundum and V. myrtillus was studied in detail. The samples of V. floribundum analyzed in this study had a much higher content of both phenolic acids and flavonols in comparison with V. myrtillus (mean value 41.6±10.2 and 13.7±0.2mg/100g FW, respectively), while V. myrtillus showed a higher amount of anthocyanins if compared with V. floribundum (568.8±8.8 and mean value 376.2±49.9mg/100gFW, respectively). The extracts gave negative results in antimutagenic assays against carcinogens 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), while they performed similarly in both ABTS(+) and DPPH antioxidant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pio Prencipe
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food Science-LS9 Interlab Group, University of Parma, Via G.B. Usberti 95/a, 43134 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Damiano Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Sekizawa H, Ikuta K, Mizuta K, Takechi S, Suzutani T. Relationship between polyphenol content and anti-influenza viral effects of berries. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2239-2241. [PMID: 23355221 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berries are known to have many kinds of biological activities. We focused on their antiviral effect, which has not yet been well evaluated. RESULTS We compared the anti-influenza viral effects of berries belonging to the genus Vaccinium - 35 species of blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus), the Natsuhaze (Vaccinium oldhamii), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos)- with those belonging to the genus Ribes, i.e. blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum). Only Elliott and Legacy among Northern Highbush varieties but many Rabbiteye varieties such as Austin, Baldwin, Brightblue, Festival, T-100 and Tifblue showed anti-influenza viral activity. Natsuhaze, bilberry, cranberry and blackcurrant had high antiviral effects. A relationship was observed between the antiviral effect and total polyphenol content. CONCLUSIONS Antiviral effects were found to differ markedly between berry species. Rabbiteye varieties tended to have higher antiviral effects than Northern, Southern and Half Highbush blueberry varieties. We also found that Natsuhaze, which has recently been harvested in Japan as a potential functional food, had an antiviral effect comparable to that of bilberry, cranberry and blackcurrant. There was a positive relationship between antiviral activity and polyphenol content, indicating the possibility that polyphenol is one of the key factors in the antiviral effects of berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Sekizawa
- Product Quality and Processing Division, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Fukushima, Japan
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Pimpão RC, Dew T, Oliveira PB, Williamson G, Ferreira RB, Santos CN. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Portuguese wild and commercial berries after multienzyme hydrolysis. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:4053-62. [PMID: 23530973 DOI: 10.1021/jf305498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Berry fruits are a good source of phenolic compounds and thus, potentially beneficial to health. Phenolic compounds are mainly present as a variety of conjugated forms, either with sugars via O-glycosidic bonds or with other polyols as esters. This chemodiversity makes characterization and identification highly demanding. Selected varieties of commercial blueberries, raspberries and blackberries and the two wild berries Portuguese crowberry and strawberry tree fruits were characterized for individual phenolic content by liquid chromatography-diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) after hydrolysis by a novel combination of the fungal glycosidases hesperidinase and cellulase. This approach is shown to be a simple alternative to other existing methods for analysis of plant phenolic compound aglycones. The hydrolysis of glycosides and organic acid esters is efficient and less aggressive than acid and alkaline hydrolysis. This method is able to disclose new sources of dietary phenolic compounds, and the potential usefulness of Portuguese crowberry and strawberry tree fruit is herein demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C Pimpão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quı́mica e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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35
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Wojtuń B, Samecka-Cymerman A, Kolon K, Klink A, Kempers AJ. Andromeda polifolia and Oxycoccus microcarpus as pollution indicators for ombrotrophic bogs in the Western Sudety Mountains (SW Poland). J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2013; 48:686-693. [PMID: 23445412 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.744578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, N, Ni, Pb and Zn in Andromeda polifolia, Oxycoccus microcarpus and in the peat in which these plants grew were measured in the Western Sudety (Karkonosze and Izerskie Mts., SW Poland). Of both the investigated plant fruit, O. microcarpus harvested from wild populations are commonly used as medicines. Samples from ombrotrophic bogs were investigated within the area influenced by exhausts of the former Black Triangle, one of the most heavily industrialized and polluted areas in Europe. A. polifolia and O. microcarpus growing at the highest elevations contained the highest Cu, Li, Ni, Mn and Zn concentrations and in addition O. microcarpus also contained the highest Cr concentrations. Both the investigated species have wide circumpolar distribution in ombrotrophic mires of the Northern hemisphere. As this type of mires is nourished solely by atmospheric deposition, the increased metal concentrations in A. polifolia and O. microcarpus may be an indication that their habitats receive an atmospheric input of long-range transported pollution. Our investigation proves that both species are able to accumulate elevated metal levels and may be used in the bioindication of the metal status in ombrotrophic mires. Controlling the collection of O. microcarpus fruit for consumption and medicinal purposes is recommended as this species can accumulate increased metal levels. However, further more detailed studies are necessary to verify the inner translocation of metals into fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronisław Wojtuń
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection Wrocław University, Poland
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36
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Jungfer E, Zimmermann BF, Ruttkat A, Galensa R. Comparing procyanidins in selected Vaccinium species by UHPLC-MS(2) with regard to authenticity and health effects. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9688-9696. [PMID: 22931094 DOI: 10.1021/jf303100q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry procyanidins have been associated with an effect against urinary tract infections (UTI) for decades, and European health claims are requested. This study compares the procyanidin profiles and concentrations of American cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), European cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccus L.), and lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatoraphy coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray interface (UHPLC-MS(2)). Concentrations of A-type trimers, procyanidin A2, catechin, epicatechin, and B-type dimers and trimers have been evaluated and compared for the first time in the three berries. The data clearly show remarkable differences in the procyanidin profiles and concentrations, especially the lack of A-type trimers in V. oxycoccus; thus, the effectiveness against UTI may vary among the Vaccinium species. These differences can be used to prove authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Jungfer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences - Food Chemistry, University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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37
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Lv XL, Mai X, Guo H, Lai XP. [Chemical constituents of the roots of Vaccinium bracteatum]. Zhong Yao Cai 2012; 35:917-919. [PMID: 23236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Vaccinium bracteatum. METHODS The constituents were separated and purified with chromatographic methods (including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography), and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods (including MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). RESULTS 10 compounds were isolated from the roots of Vaccinium bracteatu and were elucidated as chlorogenic acid (1), pinoresinol (2), ferulic acid (3), kaempferol (4), trans-caffeic acid (5), beta-sitosterol (6), quercetin (7), oleanolic acid (8), apigenin (9) and luteolin (10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1 -3 are obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Lv
- Education Center for Basic Chemistry Experiments, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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38
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Brown PN, Turi CE, Shipley PR, Murch SJ. Comparisons of large (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and small (Vaccinium oxycoccos L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cranberry in British Columbia by phytochemical determination, antioxidant potential, and metabolomic profiling with chemometric analysis. Planta Med 2012. [PMID: 22337317 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of use and modern commercial importance of large and small cranberries in North America. The central objective of the current research was to characterize and compare the chemical composition of 2 west coast small cranberry species traditionally used (Vaccinium oxycoccos L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) with the commercially cultivated large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) indigenous to the east coast of North America. V. oxycoccos and V. macrocarpon contained the 5 major anthocyanins known in cranberry; however, the ratio of glycosylated peonidins to cyanidins varied, and V. vitis-idaea did not contain measurable amounts of glycosylated peonidins. Extracts of all three berries were found to contain serotonin, melatonin, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity was not found to correlate with indolamine levels while anthocyanin content showed a negative correlation, and vitamin C content positively correlated. From the metabolomics profiles, 4624 compounds were found conserved across V. macrocarpon, V. oxycoccoS, and V. vitis-idaea with a total of approximately 8000-10 000 phytochemicals detected in each species. From significance analysis, it was found that 2 compounds in V. macrocarpoN, 3 in V. oxycoccos, and 5 in V. vitis-idaea were key to the characterization and differentiation of these cranberry metabolomes. Through multivariate modeling, differentiation of the species was observed, and univariate statistical analysis was employed to provide a quality assessment of the models developed for the metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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39
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Brown PN, Turi CE, Shipley PR, Murch SJ. Comparisons of large (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and small (Vaccinium oxycoccos L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cranberry in British Columbia by phytochemical determination, antioxidant potential, and metabolomic profiling with chemometric analysis. Planta Med 2012. [PMID: 22337317 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of use and modern commercial importance of large and small cranberries in North America. The central objective of the current research was to characterize and compare the chemical composition of 2 west coast small cranberry species traditionally used (Vaccinium oxycoccos L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) with the commercially cultivated large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) indigenous to the east coast of North America. V. oxycoccos and V. macrocarpon contained the 5 major anthocyanins known in cranberry; however, the ratio of glycosylated peonidins to cyanidins varied, and V. vitis-idaea did not contain measurable amounts of glycosylated peonidins. Extracts of all three berries were found to contain serotonin, melatonin, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity was not found to correlate with indolamine levels while anthocyanin content showed a negative correlation, and vitamin C content positively correlated. From the metabolomics profiles, 4624 compounds were found conserved across V. macrocarpon, V. oxycoccoS, and V. vitis-idaea with a total of approximately 8000-10 000 phytochemicals detected in each species. From significance analysis, it was found that 2 compounds in V. macrocarpoN, 3 in V. oxycoccos, and 5 in V. vitis-idaea were key to the characterization and differentiation of these cranberry metabolomes. Through multivariate modeling, differentiation of the species was observed, and univariate statistical analysis was employed to provide a quality assessment of the models developed for the metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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40
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Brown PN, Turi CE, Shipley PR, Murch SJ. Comparisons of large (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and small (Vaccinium oxycoccos L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cranberry in British Columbia by phytochemical determination, antioxidant potential, and metabolomic profiling with chemometric analysis. Planta Med 2012; 78:630-40. [PMID: 22337317 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of use and modern commercial importance of large and small cranberries in North America. The central objective of the current research was to characterize and compare the chemical composition of 2 west coast small cranberry species traditionally used (Vaccinium oxycoccos L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) with the commercially cultivated large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) indigenous to the east coast of North America. V. oxycoccos and V. macrocarpon contained the 5 major anthocyanins known in cranberry; however, the ratio of glycosylated peonidins to cyanidins varied, and V. vitis-idaea did not contain measurable amounts of glycosylated peonidins. Extracts of all three berries were found to contain serotonin, melatonin, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity was not found to correlate with indolamine levels while anthocyanin content showed a negative correlation, and vitamin C content positively correlated. From the metabolomics profiles, 4624 compounds were found conserved across V. macrocarpon, V. oxycoccoS, and V. vitis-idaea with a total of approximately 8000-10 000 phytochemicals detected in each species. From significance analysis, it was found that 2 compounds in V. macrocarpoN, 3 in V. oxycoccos, and 5 in V. vitis-idaea were key to the characterization and differentiation of these cranberry metabolomes. Through multivariate modeling, differentiation of the species was observed, and univariate statistical analysis was employed to provide a quality assessment of the models developed for the metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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41
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Fan H, Wang Y, Ren K, Gu R, Shen N, An Y, Zhong Y. [Inhibitory effect and mechanism of procyanidin from vaccinium on isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012; 37:344-347. [PMID: 22568237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the effect and mechanism of procyanidin foom vaccinium (PC) on myocardial fibrosis in rats. METHOD The myocardial fibrosis model in rats was built by subcutaneous injection of 5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of isoprenaline (Iso) for 7 days in vivo while intragastrically administrating PC 100, 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 14 days. Following the model was established, myocardial indexes (heart weight/body weight, HW/BW and left ventricalar weight/body weight, LVW/BW) were measured. Besides, angiotensin II and I , III collagen quantification levels in blood serum were determined respectively by ELISA. The change in the content of nitric oxide (NO) in blood serum was determined with colorimetry. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in left ventricle was assayed with spectrophotometry. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in blood serum were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer. RESULT Compared with the control group, the myocardial indexes, the contents of I , III collagen quantification, angiotensin II in blood serum and malondialdehyde in left ventricle were markedly increased and the content of nitric oxide in blood serum was decreased, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in blood serum were markedly increased in Iso model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the myocardial indexes were decreased, the contents of I , III collagen quantification, angiotensin II in blood serum were reduced in PC 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of nitric oxide in blood serum was increased, the content of malondialdehyde in left ventricle was markedly decreased, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in blood serum were markedly decreased in PC three groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION PC could inhibit collagen synthesis by decreasing angiotensin II level and increasing the content of nitric oxide and antioxidation, and thereby inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and protect myocardium in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin Medical College of Basic Medicine, Jilin 132013, China.
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42
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Cesonienė L, Daubaras R, Jasutienė I, Venclovienė J, Miliauskienė I. Evaluation of the biochemical components and chromatic properties of the juice of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton and Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:238-44. [PMID: 21735163 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzoic acid, total anthocyanins, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and colour properties in juice of the American cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon and the European cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos were investigated. Berry juices of V. macrocarpon cultivars were distinguished by their higher total anthocyanin and benzoic acid amounts. These cultivars accumulated on average 43.11 mg/l of benzoic acid and 92.45 mg/l of total anthocyanins. The levels of benzoic acid and total anthocyanins in V. oxycoccos cultivars were 17.52 mg/l and 42.54 mg/l, respectively. The V. macrocarpon cultivars 'Franklin', 'Le Munyon', 'Searles', and 'Early Richard' were selected as the best according to the enhanced total anthocyanins and benzoic acid amounts. The separation of anthocyanins by HPLC-UV-VIS revealed the presence of six anthocyanins, with peonidin-3-galactoside being the most prevalent. Galactoside together with glucoside conjugates comprised the largest percentage of total anthocyanins in the juices of V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccos cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Cesonienė
- Kaunas Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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43
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Johnson MH, Lucius A, Meyer T, de Mejia EG. Cultivar evaluation and effect of fermentation on antioxidant capacity and in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corombosum). J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:8923-8930. [PMID: 21761898 DOI: 10.1021/jf201720z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The berry fruits of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) contain bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. The objective was to evaluate blueberries grown in southern Illinois as well as the effect of fermentation, at two different temperatures, on chemical and physical parameters. Fruits from fifteen blueberry cultivars were analyzed. Fruit diameter ranged from 12.8 mm to 18.7 mm, pH from 2.6 to 3.7, reducing sugars from 6.4% to 15.2%, total sugars from 13.9% to 21.6%, total polyphenols from 0.39 to 1.00 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g blueberry and antioxidant capacity from 5.8 to 10.9 μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity relative to the positive control acarbose, a known anti-diabetic drug, showed a range from 91.8 to 103.3% for α-amylase and from 103.2% to 190.8% for α-glucosidase. Wines prepared from several of these blueberry cultivars were analyzed throughout fermentation and compared at room temperature and cold temperature fermentation for pH (3.5 to 6.3), °Brix (13.6 to 29.7), total polyphenols (375.4 to 657.1 μg GAE/mL wine), and antioxidant capacity (4.5 to 25.1 mM TE). The wines were also tested for their in vitro capacity to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase and maintained similar inhibitory action as the berries. Highbush blueberry cultivars and their fermented beverages are good natural sources of antioxidants and starch-degrading enzyme inhibitors important for type 2 diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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44
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Moze S, Polak T, Gasperlin L, Koron D, Vanzo A, Poklar Ulrih N, Abram V. Phenolics in Slovenian bilberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.). J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:6998-7004. [PMID: 21574578 DOI: 10.1021/jf200765n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics from bilberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) sampled from seven different locations and highbush blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) from one location in Slovenia were analyzed. In samples of both species 15 anthocyanins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Their contents were expressed as cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents (C3GE); bilberries contained 1210.3 ± 111.5 mg C3GE/100 g fw and blueberries 212.4 ± 14.1 mg C3GE/100 g fw. Glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin were predominant (488.5 vs 363.6 mg C3GE/100 g fw) in the bilberries and glycosides of malvidin (108.0 vs 100.8 mg C3GE/100 g fw) in the blueberries, whereas the contents of peonidin were lowest (74.5 vs 4.8 mg C3GE/100 g fw) in both berries. The contents of flavanols, flavonols, phenolic acids, and stilbenes were determined by LC-MS. For the first time, rutin was identified (bilberries, 0.2 ± 0.0 mg/100 g fw; blueberries, 3.1 ± 0.1 mg/100 g fw). Chlorogenic acid (as 3-caffeoylquinic acid) was the most abundant among the phenolic acids (23.1 ± 1.0 mg/100 g fw in bilberries and 70.0 ± 3.4 mg/100 g fw in blueberries). Statistical analysis shows that the content of 27 individual flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes can be used to identify the picking region of these Slovenian bilberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Moze
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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Lätti AK, Riihinen KR, Jaakola L. Phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of a natural hybrid between bilberry and lingonberry (Vaccinium × intermedium Ruthe). Phytochemistry 2011; 72:810-5. [PMID: 21382629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization between species plays an important role in the evolution of secondary metabolites and in the formation of combinations of existing secondary metabolites in plants. We have investigated the content of phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of Vaccinium×intermedium Ruthe, which is a rare natural hybrid between bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). The berries and flowers of the hybrid showed characteristics inherited from both parent species in the distribution and contents of phenolic compounds. Bilberry is known as one of the richest sources of anthocyanins and to have a profile of 15 major forms combining cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin with galactose, glucose and arabinose. Lingonberry contains only cyanidin glycosides. Hybrid berries contained all bilberry anthocyanins with pronounced cyanidin content. With regard to proanthocyanidins and flavonol glycosides, the hybrid inherited diverse profiles combining those of both parental species. The distribution of hydroxycinnamic acids was quite uniform in all studied berries. Of the identified compounds, 30 were detected in lingonberry, 46 in bilberry, 53 in hybrid berries and 38 in hybrid flowers. Hence, compared with the parent species, hybrid berries possess a more diverse profile of phenolic compounds and, therefore, can offer interesting material for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Lätti
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Bubier JL, Smith R, Juutinen S, Moore TR, Minocha R, Long S, Minocha S. Effects of nutrient addition on leaf chemistry, morphology, and photosynthetic capacity of three bog shrubs. Oecologia 2011; 167:355-68. [PMID: 21544572 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V(cmax)), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V(cmax) in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH(4)) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Bubier
- Environmental Studies Program, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.
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Shrivastava R. Clinical evidence to demonstrate that simultaneous growth of epithelial and fibroblast cells is essential for deep wound healing. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 92:92-9. [PMID: 21247651 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic wound healing properties of tannin rich plant extracts. METHODS The cell growth stimulating potential of 128 procyanidin rich plant extracts was evaluated in in vitro cell culture models. For clinical trial, a 3% solution of two plant extracts having synergistic effect on cell growth was prepared in glycerol and honey. Placebo test product contained only glycerol and honey. 93 adult patients with one or more lower extremity deep wounds were divided at randomly in two groups. 41 patients in the placebo (AS-22) and 52 in the active treatment (AS-21) groups having respectively 49 and 69 wounds of a mean surface area of 56.70 and 52.03 cm(2), and volume of 57.22 and 52.15 cm(3), were treated by applying the test products topically for a period of 6-weeks. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed between the placebo and the AS-21 treated groups with respect to reduction in the wound surface area (33.37 vs 97.87%) and wound volume (29.45 vs 94.17%) after 6-weeks of treatment. Mean wound humidity and pain scores were also reduced. CONCLUSION Tannin rich plant extracts are highly interesting for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shrivastava
- Naturveda, VITROBIO Research Institute, ZAC de Lavaur, 63500 Issoire, France.
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Kondo M, MacKinnon SL, Craft CC, Matchett MD, Hurta RAR, Neto CC. Ursolic acid and its esters: occurrence in cranberries and other Vaccinium fruit and effects on matrix metalloproteinase activity in DU145 prostate tumor cells. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:789-96. [PMID: 21351105 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid and its cis- and trans-3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl esters have been identified as constituents of American cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon), which inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Since the compounds may contribute to berry anticancer properties, their content in cranberries, selected cranberry products, and three other Vaccinium species (V. oxycoccus, V. vitis-idaea and V. angustifolium) was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The ability of these compounds to inhibit growth in a panel of tumor cell lines and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity associated with tumor invasion and metastasis was determined in DU145 prostate tumor cells. RESULTS The highest content of ursolic acid and esters was found in V. macrocarpon berries (0.460-1.090 g ursolic acid and 0.040-0.160 g each ester kg(-1) fresh weight). V. vitis-idaea and V. angustifolium contained ursolic acid (0.230-0.260 g kg(-1) ), but the esters were not detected. V. oxycoccus was lowest (0.129 g ursolic acid and esters per kg). Ursolic acid content was highest in cranberry products prepared from whole fruit. Ursolic acid and its esters inhibited tumor cell growth at micromolar concentrations, and inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity at concentrations below those previously reported for cranberry polyphenolics. CONCLUSION Cranberries (V. macrocarpon) were the best source of ursolic acid and its esters among the fruit and products tested. These compounds may limit prostate carcinogenesis through matrix metalloproteinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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Ye MB, Lim BO. Dietary pectin regulates the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins in interleukin-10 knockout mice. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11281-11286. [PMID: 20945935 DOI: 10.1021/jf103262s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pectin has protective, anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the exact mechanism is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the immunological effect of dietary pectin in IL-10(-/-) mice, a murine model for IBD. Cytokine expression, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations, and immunoglobulin secretion were observed in three groups of mice: normal (BALb/c), IL-10(-/-), and IL-10(-/-) treated with pectin. Pectin treatment reduced expression of TNF-α and GATA-3, an important transcription factor for the Th2 immune response. These mice also expressed lower levels of IgE in the spleen and Peyer's patches (PP) and lower IgG and IgM expression in PP. Interestingly, IL-10 deficiency resulted in lower CD4(+) and CD8(+) populations in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and PP; however, pectin counteracted these declines in the MLN and PP. Therefore, dietary pectin downregulates the inflammatory response in the colon by moderating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ye
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol, Chungju-si, Chungbuk-do, 380-701, Korea
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Kim SM, Shang YF, Um BH. Preparative separation of chlorogenic acid by centrifugal partition chromatography from highbush blueberry leaves (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Phytochem Anal 2010; 21:457-462. [PMID: 20310076 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blueberries (genus Vaccinium) have gained worldwide focus because of the high anthocyanin content of their fruits. In contrast, the leaves of blueberry have not attracted any attention, even though they contain large quantities of chlorogenic acid, a strong antioxidant compound. OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was the quantification and preparative isolation of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA) from blueberry leaves using a new separation scheme, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). METHODOLOGY A water fraction containing a high concentration of 5-CQA (14.5% of dry weight extract) was obtained by defatting a crude methanol extract from blueberry leaves. CPC was applied to isolate 5-CQA from this water fraction using a two-phase solvent system of ethyl acetate-ethanol-water at a volume ratio 4:1:5 (v/v/v). The flow-rate of mobile phase was 2 mL/min with the ascending mode while rotating at 1200 rpm. The eluate was monitored at 330 nm. The structure of chlorogenic acid in the CPC fraction was confirmed with HPLC, UV, ESI/MS and NMR spectra. RESULTS The HPLC chromatogram showed that the fractions collected by CPC contained chlorogenic acid with 96% purity based on peak area percentage. The total amount of chlorogenic acid isolated from 0.5 g of a water fraction was 52.9 mg, corresponding to 10.6% of the water fraction. The isolated compound was identified successively as 5-CQA with MS (parent ion at m/z 355.1 [M + H](+)) and (1)H NMR spectra [caffeoyl moiety in the down field (δ 6.0-8.0 ppm) and quinic acid moiety in the up field (δ 2.0-5.5 ppm)]. CONCLUSION 5-CQA was successfully isolated from blueberry leaves by the CPC method in a one-step procedure, indicating a further potential use for blueberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Techno Valley, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-340, Korea
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