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Plaza-Diaz J, Bernal MJ, Schutte S, Chenoll E, Genovés S, Codoñer FM, Gil A, Sanchez-Siles LM. Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051496. [PMID: 33925049 PMCID: PMC8145071 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of complementary foods during infancy marks an important step in the development of the infant gut microbiome. Infant cereals are popular weaning foods but consistent evidence on their effect on the intestinal microbiota, especially when differing in nutritional quality, is lacking. Fecal samples from 4–7-month-old Spanish infants who consumed infant cereals differing in whole grain and sugar content as first weaning foods were analyzed on changes in microbial composition by massively parallel sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. Samples were obtained from a previous trial conducted in Spain demonstrating whole-grain cereal acceptability. In total, samples of 18 infants consuming 0% whole grain cereals with 24 g sugar (0-WG) and 25 infants consuming 50% whole grain cereals with 12 g sugar (50-WG) were analyzed. Microbial composition changed significantly over time (p = 0.001), per intervention group (p = 0.029) and per infant (p = 0.001). Abundance of genus Veillonella increased in both groups while Enterococcus decreased. Within the 0-WG group, phylum Actinobacteria decreased along with genus Bifidobacterium. In the 50-WG, we observed an increase in Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides. In addition, 50-WG decreased Proteobacteria and Escherichia to levels lower than 0-WG. Although weaning itself appeared to be responsible for most changes, the increased presence of anaerobic fermenters together with inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia may indicate a supporting effect of infant cereals with 50% whole grains and a reduced sugar content over infant cereals manufactured with refined hydrolyzed flours on the infant microbiota. In fact, using a novel methodology for the identification of microbial signatures, we found two groups of microbial taxa predictive of infants consuming enriched whole-grain infant cereals with a high predictive value of about 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Bernal
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schutte
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Biopolis-ADM, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.M.S.-S.)
| | - Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.M.S.-S.)
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Vitale M, Hanhineva K, Koistinen V, Auriola S, Paananen J, Costabile G, Della Pepa G, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G, Giacco R. Putative metabolites involved in the beneficial effects of wholegrain cereal: Nontargeted metabolite profiling approach. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1156-1165. [PMID: 33589320 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wholegrain cereals have been implicated in the reduction of lifestyle-related chronic diseases risk including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial health effects are not entirely understood. The aims of this study were 1) to identify new potential plasma biomarker candidate metabolites of wholegrain cereal foods intake and 2) to examine whether some putative metabolites associated with wholegrain foods intake may play a role in the improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis have been conducted in 54 individuals with metabolic syndrome of both genders, age 40-65 years, randomly assigned to 2 dietary interventions lasting 12-week: 1) wholegrain enriched diet (n = 28), and 2) refined-wheat cereals diet (control diet) (n = 26). Nontargeted metabolite profiling analysis was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at baseline and at the end of the experimental diets. Our data show that, at the end of the intervention, a higher intake of wholegrain (tertile 3) was significantly associated with a marked increase in several lipid compounds, as PC (20:4/16:1), LPC (20:4), LPC (22:6), LPC (18:3), LPC (22:5), and a phenolic compound (P < .05 for all). In the wholegrain group, higher concentrations of these metabolites (tertile 3 vs tertile 1 of each metabolite) were significantly associated with lower postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses (P < .05) by 29% and 37%, respectively. CONCLUSION These observations suggest a possible role of lipid and polyphenol metabolites in the postprandial metabolic benefits of wholegrains in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, they provide insight into the role of these metabolites as potential candidate biomarkers of wholegrain foods. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT00945854).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and biological engineering, Division of food and nutrition science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Camps SG, Lim J, Koh MXN, Henry CJ. The Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Response of Pasta in Chinese and Indians Compared to Asian Carbohydrate Staples: Taking Spaghetti Back to Asia. Nutrients 2021; 13:451. [PMID: 33572918 PMCID: PMC7911001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the metabolic properties of the Asian staples rice and noodles, which are typically high in glycaemic index (GI), to two types of spaghetti. It is hypothesised that pasta can be a healthy replacement, particularly amongst the Asian population. Thirty Chinese and Indian subjects (17 men, 13 women; BMI: 18.5-25 kg/m2) participated in this randomised crossover trial. On seven occasions, they consumed a glucose reference drink (3 times), white rice, wheat-based mee pok noodles, semolina spaghetti and wholegrain spaghetti. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin response over a period of 3 h. The current evaluation showed that semolina spaghetti and wholegrain spaghetti can be classified as low GI products, with a GI of 53 and 54, respectively, significantly lower than wheat based mee pok noodles (74) and rice (80) (p < 0.005). In addition, both spaghettis had a lower insulin response compared to rice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no difference in glucose or insulin response between semolina and wholegrain spaghetti. After controlling for gender, ethnicity, fat and fat free mass (kg), the glucose and insulin results did not change. In conclusion, wheat-based pasta can be helpful to modify the carbohydrate-rich Asian diet. Notably, there was no effect of gender, ethnicity and body composition on the glycaemic and insulinaemic response. We speculate that the starch-protein structure as a result of the spaghetti production process is a major driver of its favourable metabolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerardus Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
| | - Joseph Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
| | - Melvin Xu Nian Koh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Guice J, Bendiks ZA, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Lou M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Marco ML, Keenan MJ. Differences in Capacity of High-Amylose Resistant Starch, Whole-Grain Flour, and a Combination of Both to Modify Intestinal Responses of Male Sprague Dawley Rats Fed Moderate and High Fat Diets. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:15176-15185. [PMID: 33291872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) responses to a high-amylose resistant starch (RS) product were compared to those observed when RS was combined with whole grain (WG) and to controls with low RS intake in rats fed moderate or high fat diets. Regardless of fat intake, rats fed RS or WG + RS diets had higher cecum weights, higher intestinal quantities of short chain fatty acids, and lower intestinal content pH, and their GIT cells had increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis and barrier function compared to controls. Whereas RS resulted in greater GIT content acetate and propionate and lowest pH, the WG + RS diets yielded higher butyrate. Rats fed the RS diet with MF had higher cecum weights than those fed either the RS diet with HF or the WG + RS diet with either MF or HF. Diets containing combinations of RS and other dietary fibers should be considered for RS-mediated GIT benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Guice
- BIO-CAT, 9117 Three Notch Road, Troy 22974, Virginia, United States
| | - Zachary A Bendiks
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ryan C Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diana G Carvajal-Aldaz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Meng Lou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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Favari E, Angelino D, Cipollari E, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Bernini F, Ronda N, Pellegrini N. Functional pasta consumption in healthy volunteers modulates ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1768-1776. [PMID: 32605885 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease is considered a central issue in public health and great attention is payed to nutritional approaches, including consumption of functional foods to reduce CV risk in individuals without indications for anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is an important anti-atherogenic property of HDL and a marker of CV risk. We evaluated the effect of a daily consumption of an innovative whole-wheat synbiotic pasta, compared to a control whole-wheat pasta, on serum ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1)-mediated CEC in healthy overweight or obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Study participants (n = 41) were randomly allocated to either innovative or control pasta, consumed daily for twelve weeks. Serum CEC was measured before and after the dietary intervention, by a well-established radioisotopic technique on Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells transfected with human ABCG1. The innovative synbiotic pasta consumption was associated to a significantly higher post treatment/baseline ratio of ABCG1-mediated CEC values with respect to control pasta (mean ratio 1.05 ± 0.037 and 0.95 ± 0.042 respectively, p < 0.05). Analysis of the relationship between ABCG1-mediated CEC and glycemia, homocysteine, total folates and interleukin-6 showed specific changes in the correlations between HDL function and glycemia, oxidative and inflammatory markers only after synbiotic pasta consumption. CONCLUSION This is the first report on serum CEC improvement obtained by a new synbiotic functional pasta consumption, in absence of lipid profile modifications, in overweight/obese participants. This pilot study suggests that a simple dietary intervention can be a promising approach to CV preservation through improving of athero-protective HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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6
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Liu X, Shi L, Dai X, Chen H, Zhang C, Wang P, Wu Q, Zeng L, Yan H. Plasma metabolites mediate the association of coarse grain intake with blood pressure in hypertension-free adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1512-1519. [PMID: 32624346 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased intake of whole/coarse grains was associated with improved blood pressure control, but concurrent metabolism alterations are less clear. We sought to identify metabolomic profiles of blood pressure, and to explore their mediation effects on the coarse grain intake-blood pressure association among young adults free of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma metabolome of 86 participants from the Carbohydrate Alternatives and Metabolic Phenotypes study was characterized by untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. We identified 24 and 117 metabolites associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, using random forest modeling and partial correlation analysis. Moreover, metabolite panels for highly specific prediction of blood pressure (8 metabolites for SBP and 11 metabolites for DBP) were determined using ten-fold cross-validated ridge regression (R2 ≥ 0.70). We also observed an inverse association between metabolite panel of SBP (β ± SE = -0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.04) or DBP (β ± SE = -0.03 ± 0.01, P = 0.02) and coarse grain intake. Furthermore, we observed significant mediating effects of metabolites, in particular, sphingolipid ceramides, on the association between coarse grain exposure and blood pressure using both bias-corrected bootstrap tests and high-dimensional mediation analysis adapted for large-scale and high-throughput omics data. CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolomic profiles specifically associated with blood pressure in young Chinese adults without diagnosed hypertension. The inverse association between coarse grain intake and blood pressure may be mediated by sphingolipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden; School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Agro, Shenzhen, 518083, PR China.
| | - Huangtao Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Coman V, Vodnar DC. Hydroxycinnamic acids and human health: recent advances. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:483-499. [PMID: 31472019 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve human diet globally. Compelling evidence gathered over the past several decades suggests that a suboptimal diet is associated with many chronic diseases and may be responsible for more deaths than any other risks worldwide. The main components in our diet that need higher intake are whole grains, fruit and vegetables, and nuts and seeds; all of these are important sources of dietary fiber and polyphenols. The health benefits of dietary fiber and polyphenols are also supported by several decades of valuable research. However, the conclusions drawn from interventional human trials are not straightforward and the action mechanisms in improving human health are not fully understood. Moreover, there is a great inter-individual variation caused by different individual capabilities of processing, absorbing and using these compounds effectively. Data on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are limited when compared to other classes of polyphenols (e.g. anthocyanins). This review aims to summarize the latest research advances related to HCA bioavailability and their biological effects revealed by epidemiological data, pre-clinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we aim to review the effects of HCAs on gut microbiota diversity and function and its respective influence on host health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Coman
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan C Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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9
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Gong ES, Gao N, Li T, Chen H, Wang Y, Si X, Tian J, Shu C, Luo S, Zhang J, Zeng Z, Xia W, Li B, Liu C, Liu RH. Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Phytochemical Profiles and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Whole Grains. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7016-7024. [PMID: 31194907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous in vitro digestion treatments were conducted directly to whole grains without extraction of free phenolics, thus the bioaccessible phenolics contained both free phenolics that survived the digestion and digested phenolics released by digestion. However, the profiles of digested phenolics released by digestion remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical contents, peroxyl radical scavenging capacities (PSCs), and cellular antioxidant activities (CAAs) of free, digested, and bound fractions of whole grains. Total phenolic contents of whole grains were highest in digested fraction, followed by free and bound fractions. The predominant phenolics were 12 phenolic acids and one flavonoid, which mostly existed in bound forms, then in digested and free forms. The digested phenolics bound to proteins were in conjugated form. The bound fractions had the highest PSCs, followed by free and digested fractions. CAAs were highest in bound fractions, followed by digested and free fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Sheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Ningxuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science , Shanghai 201403 , China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Xu Si
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Chi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Jiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Zicong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Wen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang 524001 , China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
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10
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Keski-Rahkonen P, Kolehmainen M, Lappi J, Micard V, Jokkala J, Rosa-Sibakov N, Pihlajamäki J, Kirjavainen PV, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Gunter MJ, Scalbert A, Hanhineva K. Decreased plasma serotonin and other metabolite changes in healthy adults after consumption of wholegrain rye: an untargeted metabolomics study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1630-1639. [PMID: 31136658 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrain consumption has been associated with beneficial health effects including reduction of diabetes and cancer risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of wholegrain rye intake on circulating metabolites in a human intervention study using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS The intervention consisted of 2 successive 4-wk periods in a randomized crossover design, where 15 adults consumed wholegrain rye bread (WGR) or white wheat bread enriched with fermented rye bran (WW+RB), following a 4-wk rye-free period with white wheat bread (WW). Fasting plasma samples were collected at the end of each period and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were compared to identify compounds discriminating WGR from the WW+RB and WW periods. Because peripheral serotonin is produced mainly in the gut, a hypothesis of its altered biosynthesis as a response to increased cereal fiber intake was tested by measuring intestinal serotonin of mice fed for 9 wk on a high-fat diet supplemented with different sources of fiber (rye bran flour, ground wheat aleurone, or powdered cellulose). RESULTS Five endogenous metabolites and 15 rye phytochemicals associated with WGR intake were identified. Plasma concentrations of serotonin, taurine, and glycerophosphocholine were significantly lower after the WGR than WW period (Q < 0.05). Concentrations of 2 phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, PE(18:2/P-18:0) and PE(18:2/P-16:0), were lower after the WGR period than the WW+RB period (Q < 0.05). The concentration of serotonin was significantly lower in the colonic tissue of mice that consumed rye bran or wheat aleurone compared with cellulose (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Wholegrain rye intake decreases plasma serotonin in healthy adults when compared with refined wheat. Intake of rye bran and wheat aleurone decreases colonic serotonin in mice. These results suggest that peripheral serotonin could be a potential link between wholegrain consumption and its associated health effects.Data used in the study were derived from a trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03550365.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Lappi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valerie Micard
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jenna Jokkala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia Rosa-Sibakov
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Environmental Health Unit, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Zhu R, Fan Z, Han Y, Li S, Li G, Wang L, Ye T, Zhao W. Acute Effects of Three Cooked Non-Cereal Starchy Foods on Postprandial Glycemic Responses and in Vitro Carbohydrate Digestion in Comparison with Whole Grains: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030634. [PMID: 30875961 PMCID: PMC6471337 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant origin, processing, and domestic preparation may affect the postprandial glycemic response (PGR) of starchy foods. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of integrating domestically cooked non-cereal starchy foods commonly consumed in Northeast Asia into glycemic management diet, and compare their glycemic characteristics with those of waxy and non-waxy whole grains and starchy beans. In a randomized crossover trial, ten healthy subjects consumed dried lily bulb (LB), lotus seed (LS), adlay (AD), waxy black rice (BR), millet (MI), and adzuki bean (AB), pre-soaked and each cooked for two time durations. Acute PGR tests and in vitro carbohydrate digestion were carried out for each test food. Both the LS and AB meals achieved low glycemic index (GI 21⁻51), while the other starchy foods failed to show significant difference with rice (GI 83⁻109). The hydrolysis indexes of LS and AB were 37.7%⁻61.1%, significantly lower than other test foods. The in vitro tests indicated that pre-soaking resulted in high rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and low resistant starch (RS). Careful choice of whole grain materials, minimized pre-soaking, and moderate cooking may be critical factors for successful postprandial glycemic management for diabetic and pre-diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guojing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ting Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Jones M, Bhat T, Kandare E, Thomas A, Joseph P, Dekiwadia C, Yuen R, John S, Ma J, Wang CH. Thermal Degradation and Fire Properties of Fungal Mycelium and Mycelium - Biomass Composite Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17583. [PMID: 30514955 PMCID: PMC6279784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycelium and mycelium-biomass composites are emerging as new sustainable materials with useful flame-retardant potentials. Here we report a detailed characterisation of the thermal degradation and fire properties of fungal mycelium and mycelium-biomass composites. Measurements and analyses are carried out on key parameters such as decomposition temperatures, residual char, and gases evolved during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis flow combustion calorimetry (PCFC) evaluations reveal that the corresponding combustion propensity of mycelium is significantly lower compared to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polylactic acid (PLA), indicating that they are noticeably less prone to ignition and flaming combustion, and therefore safer to use. The hyphal diameters of mycelium decrease following pyrolysis. Cone calorimetry testing results show that the presence of mycelium has a positive influence on the fire reaction properties of wheat grains. This improvement is attributable to the relatively higher charring tendency of mycelium compared to wheat grain, which reduces the heat release rate (HRR) by acting as a thermal insulator and by limiting the supply of combustible gases to the flame front. The mycelium growth time has been found to yield no significant improvements in the fire properties of mycelium-wheat grain composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Jones
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Material Chemistry and Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Tanmay Bhat
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Everson Kandare
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Ananya Thomas
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Richard Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sabu John
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Chun-Hui Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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13
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Abstract
There is growing evidence that whole grain (WG) intake may prevent many chronic diseases. However, there are mixed results on this topic in human studies as a result of a lack of accurate tools to assess the intake of WGs and individual metabolic variation. To better understand the effects of WGs on health maintenance and the risk of chronic disease, there is an urgent need to identify the biomarkers for WG intake. The molecular signatures of WG intake remain undefined. This perspective gives an overview of the current knowledge, challenges, and future directions on the biomarkers of WG intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
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14
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Kärkkäinen O, Tuomainen T, Koistinen V, Tuomainen M, Leppänen J, Laitinen T, Lehtonen M, Rysä J, Auriola S, Poso A, Tavi P, Hanhineva K. Whole grain intake associated molecule 5-aminovaleric acid betaine decreases β-oxidation of fatty acids in mouse cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13036. [PMID: 30158657 PMCID: PMC6115339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite epidemiological evidence showing that diets rich in whole grains reduce the risk of chronic life-style related diseases, biological mechanisms for these positive effects are mostly unknown. Increased 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) levels in plasma and metabolically active tissues such as heart have been associated with consumption of diets rich in whole grains. However, biological effects of 5-AVAB are poorly understood. We evaluated 5-AVAB concentrations in human and mouse heart tissue (3-22 µM and 38-78 µM, respectively) using mass spectrometry. We show that 5-AVAB, at physiological concentration range, dose-dependently inhibits oxygen consumption due to β-oxidation of fatty acids, but does not otherwise compromise mitochondrial respiration, as measured with oxygen consumption rate in cultured mouse primary cardiomyocytes. We also demonstrate that this effect is caused by 5-AVAB induced reduction of cellular L-carnitine. Reduced L-carnitine levels are at least partly mediated by the inhibition of cell membrane carnitine transporter (OCTN2) as evaluated by in silico docking, and by siRNA mediated silencing of OCTN2 in cultured cardiomyocytes. 5-AVAB caused inhibition of β-oxidation of fatty acids is a novel mechanism on how diets rich in whole grains may regulate energy metabolism in the body. Elucidating potentially beneficial effects of 5-AVAB e.g. on cardiac physiology will require further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Pharmazeutische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun L, Xu P, Tu R, Meng S, Wu W, Anis GB, Hussain K, Riaz A, Chen D, Cao L, Cheng S, Shen X. WB1, a Regulator of Endosperm Development in Rice, Is Identified by a Modified MutMap Method. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082159. [PMID: 30042352 PMCID: PMC6121324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally developed endosperm strongly affects rice (Oryza sativa) appearance quality and grain weight. Endosperm formation is a complex process, and although many enzymes and related regulators have been identified, many other related factors remain largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a recessive mutation of White Belly 1 (WB1), which regulates rice endosperm development, using a modified MutMap method in the rice mutant wb1. The wb1 mutant develops a white-belly endosperm and abnormal starch granules in the inner portion of white grains. Representative of the white-belly phenotype, grains of wb1 showed a higher grain chalkiness rate and degree and a lower 1000-grain weight (decreased by ~34%), in comparison with that of Wild Type (WT). The contents of amylose and amylopectin in wb1 significantly decreased, and its physical properties were also altered. We adopted the modified MutMap method to identify 2.52 Mb candidate regions with a high specificity, where we detected 275 SNPs in chromosome 4. Finally, we identified 19 SNPs at 12 candidate genes. Transcript levels analysis of all candidate genes showed that WB1 (Os04t0413500), encoding a cell-wall invertase, was the most probable cause of white-belly endosperm phenotype. Switching off WB1 with the CRISPR/cas9 system in Japonica cv. Nipponbare demonstrates that WB1 regulates endosperm development and that different mutations of WB1 disrupt its biological function. All of these results taken together suggest that the wb1 mutant is controlled by the mutation of WB1, and that the modified MutMap method is feasible to identify mutant genes, and could promote genetic improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lianping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ranran Tu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuai Meng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Galal Bakr Anis
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Kafr Elsheikh 33717, Egypt.
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aamiar Riaz
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Daibo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xihong Shen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Han F, Wang Y, Han Y, Zhao J, Han F, Song G, Jiang P, Miao H. Effects of Whole-Grain Rice and Wheat on Composition of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6326-6335. [PMID: 29766722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in whole grain (WG) cereals bring lower disease risks compared with refined grain-based diets. We investigated the effects of polished rice (PR), refined wheat (RW), unpolished rice (UPR), and whole wheat (WW) on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gut microbiota in ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta of normal rats. Animals fed with UPR and WW diets exhibited higher total SCFA in cecal and colonic digesta compared with those fed with PR and RW diets. Wheat diets contributed higher total SCFA than rice diets. In cecal and colonic digesta, animals fed with UPR and WW diets demonstrated higher acetate and butyrate contents than those given PR and RW. Firmicutes were the dominant eumycota in rat ileum digesta (>92% abundance). Cecal and colonic digesta were dominated by Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes. UPR and WW affected gut microbiota, decreasing the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. SMB53, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium were the main bacterial genera in ileal digesta. Akkermansia was highest in cecal and colonic digesta. In the colonic digesta of rats, the relative abundance of Akkermansia in rats on wheat diets was higher than that in rats on rice diets ( P < 0.05). Thus, UPR and WW could modulate gut microbiota composition and increase the SCFA concentration. Wheat diet was superior to rice diet in terms of intestinal microbiota adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenli Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science & Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Miao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Pham T, Teoh KT, Savary BJ, Chen MH, McClung A, Lee SO. In Vitro Fermentation Patterns of Rice Bran Components by Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111237. [PMID: 29137150 PMCID: PMC5707709 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole grain rice is a rich source of fiber, nutrients, and phytochemicals that may promote gastrointestinal health, but such beneficial components are typically removed with the bran during polishing. Soluble feruloylated arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (FAXO) and polyphenols (RBPP) isolated from rice bran are hypothesized to have positive impacts on human gut microbiota through a prebiotic function. Using an in vitro human fecal fermentation bioassay, FAXO and RBPP treatments were assessed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production patterns and by evaluating their impacts on the phylogentic composition of human gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fresh fecal samples collected from healthy adults (n = 10, 5 males, 5 females) were diluted with anaerobic medium. Each sample received five treatments: CTRL (no substrates), FOS (fructooligosaccharides), FAXO, RBPP, and MIX (FAXO with RBPP). Samples were incubated at 37 °C and an aliquot was withdrawn at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h Results showed that SCFA production was significantly increased with FAXO and was comparable to fermentation with FOS, a well-established prebiotic. RBPP did not increase SCFA productions, and no significant differences in total SCFA production were observed between FAXO and MIX, indicating that RBPP does not modify FAXO fermentation. Changes in microbiota population were found in FAXO treatment, especially in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Dorea populations, indicating that FAXO might modulate microbiota profiles. RBPP and MIX increased Faecalibacterium, specifically F. prausnitzii. Combined FAXO and RBPP fermentation increased abundance of butyrogenic bacteria, Coprococcus and Roseburia, suggesting some interactive activity. Results from this study support the potential for FAXO and RBPP from rice bran to promote colon health through a prebiotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Pham
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Keat Thomas Teoh
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
| | - Ming-Hsuan Chen
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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18
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Salazar-López NJ, González-Aguilar GA, Loarca-Piña G, Cinco-Moroyoqui FJ, Rouzaud-Sández O, Domínguez-Avila JA, Robles-Sánchez M. Contribution and Interactions of Hydroxycinnamic Acids Found in Bran and Wholegrain Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): Effects on the Antioxidant Capacity and Inhibition of Human Erythrocyte Hemolysis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:8219023. [PMID: 29158873 PMCID: PMC5660799 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8219023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants is known as oxidative stress, and it promotes cellular aging and the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The bioactive compounds present in food play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions and interactions of the hydroxycinnamic acids found in the bran and whole grain of sorghum and to evaluate their effects on the antioxidant capacity and inhibition of the hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Results showed that the caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid found in sorghum contributed to the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals in various proportions. Ferulic acid, which was present in bound form in the bran and wholegrain sorghum, significantly inhibited the AAPH radical-induced oxidation of the erythrocyte membranes by 78.0 and 4.3%, respectively. Combinations of two, three, or four hydroxycinnamic acids may interact in an antagonistic or synergistic manner, thereby altering each other's bioactivities. The various interactions between the different sorghum bioactives can have a significant impact on their potential bioactivities. These results can be useful in the design of functional foods that aim to deliver bioactives to mitigate cellular aging or noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.P. 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Cinco-Moroyoqui
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Rouzaud-Sández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | | | - Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
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19
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Li M, Koecher K, Hansen L, Ferruzzi MG. Phenolics from Whole Grain Oat Products as Modifiers of Starch Digestion and Intestinal Glucose Transport. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:6831-6839. [PMID: 28681602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four oat varieties and three product forms (porridge, cereal, and snack bar) were assessed to determine the impact of oat phenolics on starch digestibility and intestinal glucose transport. α-Amylase activity was enhanced by 20 GAE μM (gallic acid equivalent) of phenolics extracted from oat (96.7-118%, p < 0.05), while it was modestly inhibited at 500 GAE μM (83.0-95.4%). Maltose hydrolysis was reduced (49.6-82.4%, p < 0.05), albeit with high IC50 values (500-940 GAE μM). Free and bound oat phenolic extracts dose-dependently attenuated transport of d-glucose-1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 by Caco-2 monolayers over 60 min. Oat foods were then subjected to a coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 intestinal cell model to determine relevance to whole food systems. Digestive release of glucose was similar among products; however, glucose transport was significantly reduced from digesta of GMI 423 porridge and puffed cereal by 34% ± 12% and 20% ± 10% (p < 0.05) at 60 min. Results suggest phenolics might be a factor modulating glycemic response of oat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Katie Koecher
- General Mills, Inc. , Golden Valley, Minnesota 55426, United States
| | - Laura Hansen
- General Mills, Inc. , Golden Valley, Minnesota 55426, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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20
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Xia X, Li G, Ding Y, Ren T, Zheng J, Kan J. Effect of Whole Grain Qingke (Tibetan Hordeum vulgare L. Zangqing 320) on the Serum Lipid Levels and Intestinal Microbiota of Rats under High-Fat Diet. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2686-2693. [PMID: 28301146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypolipidemic effect of whole grain Qingke (WGQ) and its influence on intestinal microbiota. Changes in the serum lipid, intestinal environment, and microbiota of Sprague-Dawley rats fed high-fat diets supplemented with different doses of WGQ were determined. Results showed that high doses of WGQ significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the Lee's index, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels whereas they increased the body weight of the rats. Cecal weight and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration increased with increasing WGQ dose. An Illumina-based sequencing approach showed that the relative abundance of putative SCFA-producing bacteria Prevotella and Anaerovibrio increased in the rats fed the WGQ diet. Principal component analysis revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota composition after the administration of the WGQ diet. These findings provide insights into the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the hypolipidemic effect of WGQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guannan Li
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongbo Ding
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
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21
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Zazpe I, Santiago S, Gea A, Ruiz-Canela M, Carlos S, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MA. Association between a dietary carbohydrate index and cardiovascular disease in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1048-1056. [PMID: 27524801 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Beyond the quantity of carbohydrate intake, further research is needed to know the relevance of carbohydrate quality following operational indices. No previous longitudinal study has assessed the association between an index for quality of dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we examined the association between a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a prospective follow-up study of 17,424 middle-aged adults from Spain. The CQI was defined by four criteria: dietary fiber intake, glycemic index, whole-grain/total-grain carbohydrate ratio, and solid/total carbohydrate ratio. We observed 129 incident cases of CVD during 10.1 y of median follow-up. An inverse association for CQI was found (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.78 for the highest versus the lowest tertile, p for trend = 0.008). Participants in the highest tertile of the whole-grain/total-grain carbohydrate ratio had 47% lower risk of CVD (95% CI: 0.33-0.85, p for trend = 0.008). Participants with higher baseline CQI and higher baseline energy from carbohydrates had the lowest risk of CVD. CONCLUSION In this Mediterranean cohort, a better quality of dietary carbohydrates measured by the CQI, showed a significant inverse association with the incidence of CVD. Specially, a higher proportion of carbohydrates from whole grains was strongly inversely associated with CVD. "Heart-healthy" diets should be focused not only on carbohydrate quantity but also on a multidimensional assessment of the type and quality of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zazpe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Santiago
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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22
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Nkomba EY, van Rensburg E, Chimphango AFA, Görgens JF. The influence of sorghum grain decortication on bioethanol production and quality of the distillers' dried grains with solubles using cold and conventional warm starch processing. Bioresour Technol 2016; 203:181-9. [PMID: 26724549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Very high gravity hydrolysis-fermentation of whole and decorticated sorghum grains were compared using conventional and cold hydrolysis methods to assess the extent by which decortication could minimize enzymes dosages and affect the quality of the distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS). All processing configurations achieved ethanol concentrations between 126 and 132 g/L (16.0-16.7%v/v), although decortication resulted in a decreased ethanol yield. Decortication resulted in a decreased volumetric productivity during warm processing from 1.55 to 1.25 g L(-1)h(-1), whereas the required enzyme dosage for cold processing was decreased from 250 to 221 μl/100 gstarch. Cold processing decreased the average acid detergent fibre (ADF) from 35.59% to 29.32% and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) from 44.04% to 32.28% in the DDGS compared to the conventional (warm) processing. Due to lower enzyme requirements, the use of decorticated grains combined with cold processing presents a favourable process configuration and source of DDGS for non-ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Y Nkomba
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Annie F A Chimphango
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Wang H, Tao Y, Temudo M, Bijl H, Kloek J, Ren N, van Lier JB, de Kreuk M. Biomethanation from enzymatically hydrolyzed brewer's spent grain: Impact of rapid increase in loadings. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:167-74. [PMID: 25941758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically hydrolyzed brewer's spent grain (BSG) was digested in two expanded granular sludge beds (EGSBs, named BSG1 and BSG2, respectively). Both reactors were operated with the same organic loading rate (OLR) from 1 to 10kgCODm(-3)d(-1) during the first 45days. Hereafter a rapid OLR increase was applied to BSG2 from 10 to 16kgCODm(-3)d(-1) within three weeks, while the OLR of BSG1 was increased by less than 2kgCODm(-3)d(-1) in the same period. Results showed that a 30% decrease in COD removal and 70% decrease in methane yield appeared in BSG2 after the rapid OLR increase, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulated more than thirty times compared to BSG1. The biomass structure deteriorated and 15% of the biomass was lost from the BSG2 reactor. 454-PyroTag and qPCR analysis revealed a rapid growth of acidifiers (i.e., Bacteroides) and a unique microbial community in BSG2 following the rapid increase in OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Margarida Temudo
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Bijl
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Kloek
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Merle de Kreuk
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Benincasa P, Galieni A, Manetta AC, Pace R, Guiducci M, Pisante M, Stagnari F. Phenolic compounds in grains, sprouts and wheatgrass of hulled and non-hulled wheat species. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1795-1803. [PMID: 25131800 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of sprouts and young plantlets in human nutrition is increasing because they often contain phytochemicals and other high value nutrients. This is also the case for wheat, although there is no literature for hulled wheat species. Thus we determined total polyphenols, phenolic acids (PAs), fibre and minerals in grains, 5-day-old sprouts and 12-day-old wheatgrass of einkorn (cv. Monlis), emmer (cvs Augeo, Rosso Rubino, Zefiro), spelt (cvs Pietro, Giuseppe), durum wheat (cv. Creso) and soft wheat (cv. Orso). RESULTS Grains of einkorn and emmer contained twice bound PAs as compared to soft and durum wheat and spelt, with p-coumaric acid accounting for about 50% of total bound PAs. In wheatgrass, differences between species for bound PAs decreased due to a decrease in einkorn and emmer and an increase in soft and durum wheat. In all species, total phenols and free PAs increased passing from grains to sprouts and wheatgrass. Neutral and acid detergent fibre content increased with sprouting only in einkorn and emmer. CONCLUSION Our evidence suggests that the grains of einkorn and emmer and the sprouts and wheatgrass of all Triticum species might potentially be valuable for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benincasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Manetta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Guiducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Via Carlo Lerici, 1, I-64023, Teramo, Italy
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Chanson-Rolle A, Meynier A, Aubin F, Lappi J, Poutanen K, Vinoy S, Braesco V. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies to Support a Quantitative Recommendation for Whole Grain Intake in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131377. [PMID: 26098118 PMCID: PMC4476805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increasing evidence of their health benefits, whole grains are recommended for consumption worldwide. Such recommendations are, however, rarely quantitative. Our aim was to perform a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between whole grain consumption and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to support a recommendation on the daily consumption of whole grains. Methods and Findings We conducted a systematic review by searching three bibliographic databases. We included human studies addressing the relationship between whole grain consumption and T2D occurrence, and providing quantitative information on daily intake of whole grains. A dose-response meta-regression analysis between whole grain intake and T2D occurrence was performed, using a hierarchical mixed least square linear regression model. Eight observational studies were included (all but one prospective), with a total of 15,573 cases of T2D among 316,051 participants. Quantitative meta-regression demonstrated a significant linear inverse relationship between whole grain intake and T2D occurrence (P<0.0001), with an overall absolute reduction of 0.3% in the T2D rate for each additional 10 g of whole grain ingredient consumed daily. The association persisted when adjusted on sex, age, country, study design, follow up duration, and mode of report of whole grain intakes (as foods or ingredients). Conclusions The meta-regression model made it possible to estimate the decrease in T2D risk corresponding to various changes in whole grain intakes, and the results contribute to setting up quantitative recommendations. For instance, consuming three servings of whole grain foods (45 g of whole grain ingredients) daily would induce a 20% relative reduction in the T2D risk as compared to consuming a half serving (7.5 g of whole grain ingredients). These results should be considered for future recommendations, by considering the actual whole grain intake of the concerned populations. The systematic review protocol was published on the PROSPERO register (CRD42013006925).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jenni Lappi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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