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Wang X, Choi YM, Jeon YA, Yi J, Shin MJ, Desta KT, Yoon H. Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Adzuki Beans ( Vigna angularis): Insights into Environmental Adaptation and Early Breeding Strategies for Yield Improvement. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4154. [PMID: 38140482 PMCID: PMC10747723 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Adzuki beans are widely cultivated in East Asia and are one of the earliest domesticated crops. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity and domestication history of adzuki beans, we conducted Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) analysis on 366 landraces originating from Korea, China, and Japan, resulting in 6586 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Population structure analysis divided these 366 landraces into three subpopulations. These three subpopulations exhibited distinctive distributions, suggesting that they underwent extended domestication processes in their respective regions of origin. Phenotypic variance analysis of the three subpopulations indicated that the Korean-domesticated subpopulation exhibited significantly higher 100-seed weights, the Japanese-domesticated subpopulation showed significantly higher numbers of grains per pod, and the Chinese-domesticated subpopulation displayed significantly higher numbers of pods per plant. We speculate that these differences in yield-related traits may be attributed to varying emphases placed by early breeders in these regions on the selection of traits related to yield. A large number of genes related to biotic/abiotic stress resistance and defense were found in most quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genomic sliding window analysis of Tajima's D and a genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) revealed distinct domestication selection signatures and genotype variations on these QTLs within each subpopulation. These findings indicate that each subpopulation would have been subjected to varied biotic/abiotic stress events in different origins, of which these stress events have caused balancing selection differences in the QTL of each subpopulation. In these balancing selections, plants tend to select genotypes with strong resistance under biotic/abiotic stress, but reduce the frequency of high-yield genotypes to varying degrees. These biotic/abiotic stressors impact crop yield and may even lead to selection purging, resulting in the loss of several high-yielding genotypes among landraces. However, this also fuels the flow of crop germplasms. Overall, balancing selection appears to have a more significant impact on the three yield-related traits compared to breeder-driven domestication selection. These findings are crucial for understanding the impact of domestication selection history on landraces and yield-related traits, aiding in the improvement of adzuki bean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (X.W.); (Y.-M.C.); (Y.-a.J.); (J.Y.); (M.-J.S.)
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Johnson JB, Batley RJ, Neupane P, Bhattarai SP, Trotter T, Costa DFA, Naiker M. Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Stems and Leaves of Australian Adzuki Bean. Metabolites 2023; 13:1062. [PMID: 37887387 PMCID: PMC10608703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean has recently been proposed as a viable dual-purpose (grain-and-graze) crop for the Northern regions of Australia because of its successful use in semi-arid regions and its nitrogen fixation capacity to improve soil fertility and animal nutrition. However, there are very few studies on the phytochemical composition and nutritional value of the non-seed material. This study investigated the phenolic composition of the parts grown in the vegetative phase (leaves and stems) of nine Australian adzuki bean varieties for the first time. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the stem material (157-406 mg GAE/100 g) was 23-217% higher than that of commercial livestock feed, while the TPC of the leaf material (1158-1420 mg GAE/100 g) was 9-11 times higher. Using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the major phenolic compounds identified were rutin, luteolin, salicylic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. The leaf and stem materials showed high levels of apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility, with no significant difference in total gas or methane production compared to lucerne hay. The results suggest that adzuki bean vegetative materials could be a high-value livestock fodder and support pursuing further in-depth studies into their nutritional value for livestock.
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Zhang Z, Liang Y, Zou L, Xu Y, Li M, Xing B, Zhu M, Hu Y, Ren G, Zhang L, Qin P. Individual or mixing extrusion of Tartary buckwheat and adzuki bean: Effect on quality properties and starch digestibility of instant powder. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1113327. [PMID: 37025611 PMCID: PMC10070833 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tartary buckwheat and adzuki bean, which are classified as coarse grain, has attracted increasing attention as potential functional ingredient or food source because of their high levels of bioactive components and various health benefits. Methods This work investigated the effect of two different extrusion modes including individual extrusion and mixing extrusion on the phytochemical compositions, physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of instant powder which consists mainly of Tartary buckwheat and adzuki bean flour. Results Compared to mixing extrusion, instant powder obtained with individual extrusion retained higher levels of protein, resistant starch, polyphenols, flavonoids and lower gelatinization degree and estimated glycemic index. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (35.45%) of the instant powder obtained with individual extrusion was stronger than that obtained with mixing extrusion (26.58%). Lower levels of digestibility (39.65%) and slower digestion rate coefficient (0.25 min-1) were observed in the instant powder obtained with individual extrusion than in mixing extrusion (50.40%, 0.40 min-1) by logarithm-of-slope analysis. Moreover, two extrusion modes had no significant impact on the sensory quality of instant powder. Correlation analysis showed that the flavonoids were significantly correlated with physicochemical properties and starch digestibility of the instant powder. Discussion These findings suggest that the instant powder obtained with individual extrusion could be used as an ideal functional food resource with anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunan Xu
- Seed Administration Station of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guixing Ren,
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Lizhen Zhang,
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peiyou Qin,
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Tayade R, Rana V, Shafiqul M, Nabi RBS, Raturi G, Dhar H, Thakral V, Kim Y. Genome-Wide Identification of Aquaporin Genes in Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis) and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416189. [PMID: 36555833 PMCID: PMC9782098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adzuki bean Vigna angularis (Wild.) is an important leguminous crop cultivated mainly for food purposes in Asian countries; it represents a source of carbohydrates, digestible proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Aquaporins (AQPs) are crucial membrane proteins involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water and small solutes in all living organisms, including plants. In this study, we used the whole genome sequence of the adzuki bean for in silico analysis to comprehensively identify 40 Vigna angularis aquaporin (VaAQP) genes and reveal how these plants react to drought stress. VaAQPs were compared with AQPs from other closely-related leguminous plants, and the results showed that mustard (Brassica rapa) (59), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) (46), soybean (Glycine max) (66), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (41) had more AQP genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that forty VaAQPs belong to five subfamilies, with the VaPIPs (fifteen) subfamily the largest, followed by the VaNIPs (ten), VaTIPs (ten), VaSIPs (three), and VaXIPs (two) subfamilies. Furthermore, all AQP subcellular locations were found at the plasma membrane, and intron-exon analysis revealed a relationship between the intron number and gene expression, duplication, evolution, and diversity. Among the six motifs identified, motifs one, two, five, and six were prevalent in VaTIP, VaNIP, VaPIP, and VaXIP, while motifs one, three, and four were not observed in VaPIP1-3 and VaPIP1-4. Under drought stress, two of the VaAQPs (VaPIP2-1 and VaPIP2-5) showed significantly higher expression in the root tissue while the other two genes (VaPIP1-1 and VaPIP1-7) displayed variable expression in leaf tissue. This finding revealed that the selected VaAQPs might have unique molecular functions linked with the uptake of water under drought stress or in the exertion of osmoregulation to transport particular substrates rather than water to protect plants from drought. This study presents the first thorough investigation of VaAQPs in adzuki beans, and it reveals the transport mechanisms and related physiological processes that may be utilized for the development of drought-tolerant adzuki bean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Tayade
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Varnika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizwana Begum Syed Nabi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
| | - Hena Dhar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
| | - Vandana Thakral
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-53-950-5710
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Zhang L, Dong W, Yao Y, Chen C, Li X, Yin B, Li H, Zhang Y. Analysis and Research on Starch Content and Its Processing, Structure and Quality of 12 Adzuki Bean Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:3381. [PMID: 36359994 PMCID: PMC9656587 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating starch properties of different adzuki beans provides an important theoretical basis for its application. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the starch content, processing, digestion, and structural quality of 12 adzuki bean varieties. The variation ranges of the 12 adzuki bean varieties with specific analyzed parameters, including the amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio, bean paste rate, water separation rate, solubility, swelling power and resistant starch (RS) content level, were 5.52-39.05%, 44.7-68.2%, 45.56-54.29%, 6.79-12.07%, 11.83-15.39%, and 2.02-14.634%, respectively. The crystallinity varied from 20.92 to 37.38%, belonging to type BC(The starch crystal type is mainly type C, supplemented by type B). In correlation analysis, red and blue represent positive and negative correlation, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the termination temperature of adzuki bean starch was positively correlated with AM/AP ratio. Therefore, the higher the melting temperature, the better the freeze-thaw stability. The 12 varieties were divided into Class I, Class II, and Class III by cluster analysis, based on application field. Class I was unsuitable for the diabetics' diet; Class II was suitable for a stabilizer; and Class III was suitable for bean paste, mixtures, and thickeners. The present study could provide a theoretical basis for their application in the nutritional and nutraceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Hebei Province Crop Growth Control Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Weixin Dong
- Teaching Support Department, Hebei Open University, Shijiazhuang 050080, China
| | - Yaya Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Congcong Chen
- Hebei Province Crop Growth Control Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Baozhong Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Huijing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuechen Zhang
- Hebei Province Crop Growth Control Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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Wang Y, Yao X, Shen H, Zhao R, Li Z, Shen X, Wang F, Chen K, Zhou Y, Li B, Zheng X, Lu S. Nutritional Composition, Efficacy, and Processing of Vigna angularis ( Adzuki Bean) for the Human Diet: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186079. [PMID: 36144812 PMCID: PMC9506481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki beans are grown in several countries around the world and are widely popular in Asia, where they are often prepared in various food forms. Adzuki beans are rich in starch, and their proteins contain a balanced variety of amino acids with high lysine content, making up for the lack of protein content of cereals in the daily diet. Therefore, the research on adzuki beans and the development of their products have broad prospects for development. The starch, protein, fat, polysaccharide, and polyphenol contents and compositions of adzuki beans vary greatly among different varieties. The processing characteristic components of adzuki beans, such as starch, isolated protein, and heated flavor, are reported with a view to further promote the processing and development of adzuki bean foods. In addition to favorable edibility, the human health benefits of adzuki beans include antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furtherly, adzuki beans and extracts have positive effects on the prevention and treatment of diseases, including diabetes, diabetes-induced kidney disease or kidney damage, obesity, and high-fat-induced cognitive decline. This also makes a case for the dual use of adzuki beans for food and medicine and contributes to the promotion of adzuki beans as a healthy, edible legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xinmiao Yao
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +086-0451-86610259
| | - Huifang Shen
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhebin Li
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xinting Shen
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Li
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xianzhe Zheng
- China School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin 150086, China
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Dong W, Li D, Zhang L, Yin B, Zhang Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Short-Day Photoperiod Inducement in Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis L.) Based on RNA-Seq. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:893245. [PMID: 35845693 PMCID: PMC9280645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The flowering characteristics of adzuki bean are influenced by several environmental factors. Light is an important ecological factor that induces flowering in adzuki bean, but to date, there have been few reports on the transcriptomic features of photoperiodic regulation of adzuki bean flowering. This study is based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques to elucidate the expression of light-related regulatory genes under short-day photoperiod inducement of adzuki bean flowering, providing an important theoretical basis for its accelerated breeding. Short-day photoperiod inducement of 10 h was conducted for 5 day, 10 day, and 15 day periods on "Tang shan hong xiao dou" varieties, which are more sensitive to short-day photoperiod conditions than the other varieties. Plants grown under natural light (14.5 h) for 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days were used as controls to compare the progress of flower bud differentiation and flowering characteristics. The topmost unfolded functional leaves were selected for transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The short-day photoperiod inducement promoted flower bud differentiation and advanced flowering time in adzuki bean. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 5,608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the combination of CK-5d vs. SD-5d, CK-10d vs. SD-10d, and CK-15d vs. SD-15d. The three groups of the DEGs were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes and Genomes (KEGG) databases; the DEGs were associated with flowering, photosystem, and the circadian rhythm and were mainly concentrated in the hormone signaling and metabolism, circadian rhythm, and antenna protein pathways; So, 13 light-related genes across the three pathways were screened for differential and expression characteristics. Through the functional annotations of orthologs, these genes were related to flowering, which were supposed to be good candidate genes in adzuki bean. The findings provide a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adzuki bean flowering in response to short-day photoperiod inducement, which laid a foundation for the functional verification of genes in the next step, and provide an important reference for the molecular breeding of adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Open University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baozhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuechen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Desta KT, Yoon H, Shin MJ, Lee S, Wang XH, Choi YM, Yi JY. Variability of Anthocyanin Concentrations, Total Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Adzuki Bean Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061134. [PMID: 35740028 PMCID: PMC9220110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, adzuki bean cultivars including Arari, Chilbopat, Geomguseul, and Hongeon were recently cultivated, and the concentrations of seven individual anthocyanins were determined in their seed coats for the first time. Moreover, the variations of total saponin content (TSC), total phenolic content (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) between defatted and undefatted extracts of whole seeds, seed coats, and dehulled seeds of each were analyzed. The anthocyanins were detected only in the black seed-coated cultivars and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside was dominant in both Geomguseul (12.46 mg/g) and Chilbopat (10.88 mg/g) followed by delphinidin-3-O-galactoside. TSC and TPC were in the ranges of 16.20−944.78 mg DE/g and 0.80−57.35 mg GAE/g, respectively, and each decreased in the order of seed coats > whole seeds > dehulled seeds regardless of extract type. The antioxidant activities also showed similar patterns of variation. Geomguseul seed coats outweighed the remaining cultivars in terms of TPC and FRAP activity (p < 0.05). Generally, significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities were observed between cultivars and across their seed parts (p < 0.05). Thence, black seed-coated adzuki beans could be excellent sources of anthocyanins and antioxidants.
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Yin Z, Meng X, Guo Y, Wei S, Lai Y, Wang Q. The bZIP Transcription Factor Family in Adzuki Bean ( Vigna Angularis): Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Under Abiotic Stress During the Bud Stage. Front Genet 2022; 13:847612. [PMID: 35547244 PMCID: PMC9081612 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.847612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is an important dietary legume crop that was first cultivated and domesticated in Asia. Currently, little is known concerning the evolution and expression patterns of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factors in the adzuki bean. Through the PFAM search, 72 bZIP members of adzuki bean (VabZIP) were identified from the reference genome. Most of them were located on 11 chromosomes and seven on an unknown chromosome. A comprehensive analysis, including evolutionary, motifs, gene structure, cis-elements, and collinearity was performed to identify VabZIP members. The subcellular localization results showed VabZIPs might locate on the nuclear. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the relative expression of VabZIPs in different tissues at the bud stage revealed that VabZIPs had a tissue-specific expression pattern, and its expression was influenced by abiotic stress. These characteristics of VabZIPs provide insights for future research aimed at developing interventions to improve abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengong Yin
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianxin Meng
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuhong Wei
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Imoto Y, Yoshikawa S, Horiuchi Y, Iida T, Oka T, Matsuda S, Tokuji Y, Mori M, Kato K. Flowering Date1, a major photoperiod sensitivity gene in adzuki bean, is a soybean floral repressor E1 ortholog. Breed Sci 2022; 72:132-140. [PMID: 36275936 PMCID: PMC9522530 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adzuki bean is an important legume crop originating in temperate regions, with photoperiod in sensitivity being a key factor in its latitudinal adaptation. The Flowering Date1 (FD1) gene has a large effect on the photoperiodic response of flowering time, but the molecular basis for the effect of this locus is undetermined. The present study delimited the FD1 locus to a 17.1 kb sequence, containing a single gene, an E1 ortholog (VaE1). A comparison between Vigna angularis 'Shumari' (photoperiod insensitive) and 'Acc2265' (photoperiod sensitive) identified 29 insertions/deletions and 178 SNPs upstream of VaE1 in the FD1 locus. VaE1 expression in 'Acc2265' was greater under long-day than short-day conditions, whereas VaE1 expression in 'Shumari' was lower regardless of day length. These findings suggested that responsible gene of FD1 is a VaE1, which acts as a floral repressor by being upregulated in response to long-day conditions. The inability to upregulate VaE1 under long-day conditions was linked to its ability to flower under these conditions. These results provide greater understanding of the molecular control of a flowering date and clues enabling the breeding of adzuki bean at higher latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imoto
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shoko Yoshikawa
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Takumi Iida
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Taisei Oka
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tokuji
- Department of Human Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mori
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Kato
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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11
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Yao X, Zheng X, Zhao R, Li Z, Shen H, Li T, Gu Z, Zhou Y, Xu N, Shi A, Wang Q, Lu S. Quality Formation of Adzuki Bean Baked: From Acrylamide to Volatiles under Microwave Heating and Drum Roasting. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112762. [PMID: 34829041 PMCID: PMC8621577 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baked adzuki beans are rich in tantalizing odor and nutritional components, such as protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B, and minerals. To analyze the final quality of baked beans, the acrylamide and volatile formation of adzuki beans were investigated under the conditions of microwave baking and drum roasting. The results indicate that the acrylamide formation in baked adzuki beans obeys the exponential growth function during the baking process, where a rapid increase in acrylamide content occurs at a critical temperature and low moisture content. The critical temperature that leads to a sudden increase in acrylamide content is 116.5 °C for the moisture content of 5.6% (w.b.) in microwave baking and 91.6 °C for the moisture content of 6.1% (w.b.) in drum roasting. The microwave-baked adzuki beans had a higher formation of the kinetics of acrylamide than that of drum-roasted beans due to the microwave volumetric heating mode. The acrylamide content in baked adzuki beans had a significant correlation with their color due to the Maillard reaction. A color difference of 11.1 and 3.6 may be introduced to evaluate the starting point of the increase in acrylamide content under microwave baking and drum roasting, respectively. Heating processes, including microwave baking and drum roasting, for adzuki beans generate characteristic volatile compounds such as furan, pyrazine, ketone, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, pyrroles, sulfocompound, phenols, and pyridine. Regarding flavor formation, beans baked via drum roasting showed better flavor quality than microwave-baked beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Yao
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xianzhe Zheng
- China School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Rui Zhao
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
| | - Zhebin Li
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
| | - Huifang Shen
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
| | - Tie Li
- Crop Resources Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Gansu United Testing Standards Technical Service Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Ye Zhou
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
| | - Na Xu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jiang X, Xu Q, Zhang A, Liu Y, Zhao L, Gu L, Yuan J, Jia H, Shen X, Li Z, Cao D, Zhang D. Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans ( Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms. Front Nutr 2021; 8:693862. [PMID: 34568402 PMCID: PMC8458712 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.693862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Jiang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qingpeng Xu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianbin Yuan
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xinting Shen
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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13
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Zhao Q, Hou D, Fu Y, Xue Y, Guan X, Shen Q. Adzuki Bean Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093240. [PMID: 34579118 PMCID: PMC8466346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean consumption has many health benefits, but its effects on obesity and regulating gut microbiota imbalances induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) have not been thoroughly studied. Mice were fed a low-fat diet, a HFD, and a HFD supplemented with 15% adzuki bean (HFD-AB) for 12 weeks. Adzuki bean supplementation significantly reduced obesity, lipid accumulation, and serum lipid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels induced by HFD. It also mitigated liver function damage and hepatic steatosis. In particular, adzuki bean supplementation improved glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, it significantly reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalances. Adzuki bean significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B); enriched the occurrence of Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcus_1, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, Muribaculum, Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Lachnoclostridium; and returned HFD-dependent taxa (Desulfovibrionaceae, Bilophila, Ruminiclostridium_9, Blautia, and Ruminiclostridium) back to normal status. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that the changes in gut microbiota induced by adzuki bean supplementation may be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, sulfur, and cysteine and methionine; and LPS biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dianzhi Hou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongxia Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-7524
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14
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Chu L, Zhao P, Wang K, Zhao B, Li Y, Yang K, Wan P. VaSDC1 Is Involved in Modulation of Flavonoid Metabolic Pathways in Black and Red Seed Coats in Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:679892. [PMID: 34381475 PMCID: PMC8350769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat colour is an important nutritional quality trait. Variations in anthocyanins and flavonoids induce the diversity of seed coat colour in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.). Red seed coat and black seed coat are important adzuki bean cultivars. Insights into the differences of flavonoid metabolic pathways between black and red adzuki bean are significant. In this study, we explored that the difference in seed coat colour between the red (Jingnong6) and the black (AG118) is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and real-time reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR results showed that the Vigna angularis L. seed coat color (VaSDC1) gene, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, should be the key gene to regulate the black and red seed coat colours. In three different colouring staes of seed development, VaSDC1 was specifically expressed in the black seed coat (AG118) landrace, which activates the structural genes of flavonoid metabolic pathways. As a result, this caused a substantial accumulation of anthocyanins and created a dark blue-black colour. In the red (Jingnong6) seed coat variety, low expression levels of VaSDC1 resulted in a lower accumulation of anthocyanins than in AG118. In addition, VaSDC1 was genetically mapped in the interval between simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers Sca326-12, Sca326-4, and BAgs007 on chromosome 3 using an F4 segregating population derived from the cross between Jingnong6 and AG118. These results will facilitate the improvement of nutritional quality breeding in adzuki beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chu
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yisong Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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15
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Jeong EW, Park SY, Yang YS, Baek YJ, Yun DM, Kim HJ, Go GW, Lee HG. Black Soybean and Adzuki Bean Extracts Lower Blood Pressure by Modulating the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Foods 2021; 10:1571. [PMID: 34359440 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, causing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart failure, has been a rising health issue worldwide. Black soybeans and adzuki beans have been widely consumed throughout history due to various bioactive components. We evaluated the antihypertensive effects of black soybean and adzuki bean ethanol extracts on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and aortic lesion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. A group of WKY (normal) and six groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered with saline (SHR), 50 mg/kg of captopril (CAP), 250 and 500 mg/kg of black soybean extracts (BE250 and BE500), 250 and 500 mg/kg of adzuki bean extracts (AE250 and AE500) for eight weeks. BE250, BE500, AE250, and AE500 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced relative liver weight, AST, ALT, triglyceride, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme level compared to SHR. The angiotensin II level in AE500 and renin mRNA expression in BE500 and AE500 were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to SHR. The lumen diameter was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in only CAP. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and angiotensin II level in AE500 were lower than those of BE500. These results suggest that AE exhibit more antihypertensive potential than BE in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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16
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Boonjing P, Masuta Y, Nozawa K, Kato A, Ito H. The effect of zebularine on the heat-activated retrotransposon ONSEN in Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna angularis. Genes Genet Syst 2020; 95:165-172. [PMID: 32741853 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.19-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ty1/copia-like retrotransposon ONSEN is conserved among Brassica species, as well as in beans, including adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi), which is one of the economically important crops in Japan. ONSEN has acquired a heat-responsive element that is recognized by plant heat stress defense factors, resulting in its transcription and the production of full-length extrachromosomal DNA under conditions with elevated temperatures. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating the activation of this transposon in plants. Therefore, chemical inhibition of DNA methyltransferases has been utilized to study the effect of DNA methylation on transposon activation. To understand the effect of DNA methylation on ONSEN activation, Arabidopsis thaliana and adzuki bean seedlings were treated with zebularine, which is known to be an effective chemical demethylation agent. The results showed that ONSEN transcription levels were upregulated in zebularine-treated plants. Extrachromosomal DNA of ONSEN also accumulated in the treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kosuke Nozawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University
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17
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Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is related to cognitive and memory dysfunction. Much attention was focused on functional foods as a therapeutic strategy to treat cognitive decline by obesity. In the present study, we confirmed the protective effect of Vigna angularis (VA) on cognitive and memory impairment in an obese mouse model. For 16 weeks, mice were fed HFD and VA extract was administered during 4 weeks at 100 and 200 mg/kg. The cognitive abilities of HFD-induced mice were evaluated using behavioral tests. Compared with the control group, VA groups were improved spatial and recognition ability. In T-maze and novel object recognition tests, VA 100 and VA 200 groups showed increased ratios of exploration of a novel object/route compared to a familiar object/route. Moreover, VA 100 and VA 200 groups reached the platform faster than the control group in a Morris water maze test. Therefore, VA extract may protect against HFD-induced cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction. (PNU-IACUC; approval no. PNU-2019-2166).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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18
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Cheng A, Hou C, Sun J, Wan F. Effect of steam explosion on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in adzuki beans. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4495-4503. [PMID: 32399976 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steam explosion is increasingly being used in the food processing industry as an efficient pretreatment technology. It is currently being used to pretreat adzuki beans at a pressure of 0.25-1.0 Mpa for 30 s and 90 s. In this study, the total polyphenol (TP) content in adzuki beans, including free polyphenols (FP) and bound polyphenols (BP), and their antioxidant activity, were determined after steam explosion treatment. RESULTS The results showed that steam explosion can form large cavities and intercellular spaces, which aid the release of polyphenols. After steam explosion, the FP, BP, and TP content increased. The antioxidant capacity of FP and BP also increased, which demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. Compounds of FP and BP were further identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protocatechin was the main ingredient in FP and BP, and protocatechin was higher in FP. Isoquercetin only exists in FP, and caffeic acid only in BP. After steam explosion, an increase in the protocatechin, catechin, and epicatechin content was detected in FP and BP. The phenolic compound and antioxidant capacity yield was increased at a pressure of 0.25-0.75 Mpa, however it decreased at 1.0 Mpa. A pressure of 0.75 Mpa for 90 s is the optimal condition for polyphenol separation in adzuki beans. CONCLUSION A proper and reasonable steam explosion can effectively increase the release of phenolics and enhance the antioxidant capacity in adzuki beans. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Hou
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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19
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Zhu Z, Chen H, Xie K, Liu C, Li L, Liu L, Han X, Jiao C, Wan Z, Sha A. Characterization of Drought-Responsive Transcriptome During Seed Germination in Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis L.) by PacBio SMRT and Illumina Sequencing. Front Genet 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 33110419 PMCID: PMC7489039 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length single-molecular sequencing and short reads Illumina sequencing were combined to generate the transcripts of adzuki bean with high-quality. A total of 17,636 loci and 60,454 transcripts were detected in this study. To characterize the drought-responsive genes during seed germination in adzuki bean, two varieties, i.e., tolerant and sensitive to drought stress, were selected to conduct analysis of alternative splicing dynamics (AS) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by combining the newly assembled draft genome and public adzuki bean reference genome. AS analysis indicated that both the two varieties underwent a little more AS events under control conditions than under drought stress. Among the AS events, IR (intron retention) predominately accounted for 34.3%, whereas AD (alternative donor site) was the least frequent with 15.8%. Meanwhile, 562 long non-coding RNAs, 409 fusion genes and 1208 transcription factors were identified. Moreover, a total of 5,337 DEGs were identified in comparison of the two varieties with drought or control treatments. Notably, 82 DEGs were discovered in the two varieties under drought stress, which might be the candidate in regulation of seed germination to answer for different drought tolerance. The DEGs encoded proteins involved in primary or second metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, transcript or translation processes, ubiquitin proteasome system, transcription factor, transporters, and so on. The results facilitate to increase the knowledge about the mechanism of drought tolerance during crop seed germination, and provide reference for the breeding of drought-tolerant adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Changyan Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangjun Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuesong Han
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghuang Wan
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihua Sha
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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20
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Świeca M, Herok A, Piwowarczyk K, Sikora M, Ostanek P, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kapusta I, Czyż J. Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolics from Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic-Antioxidant Properties and Effect on the Motility and Survival of AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132963. [PMID: 32605155 PMCID: PMC7411954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric digests from mung (MBS) and adzuki (ABS) bean sprouts enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v were tested for their antioxidant potential, as well as antiproliferative and antimotility properties, in human stomach cancer cells (AGS). The digest of ABS contained quercetin and kaempferol derivates, while kaempferol and apigenin derivates were dominant in MBS. Compared to the controls, the probiotic-rich sprouts had a higher antioxidant potential—by 13% and 9%, respectively. Adzuki bean sprouts decreased the viability of AGS already at low concentrations (25% motility inhibitions). MBS and ABS displayed dose-independent cytostatic effects. The ABS extracts decreased the proliferation of AGS more effectively than the MBS extracts—0.2‰ ABS exerted c.a. 70% of inhibitions. Moreover, the phytochemicals from the probiotic-rich sprouts considerably reduced this activity. The increased vinculin level, the apoptotic shape of cell nuclei, and the reduced cell motility and proliferation indicate that the extracts exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-462-33-96; Fax: +48-81-462-33-24
| | - Anna Herok
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Patryk Ostanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszów University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
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21
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Kim TJ, Park JG, Ahn SK, Kim KW, Choi J, Kim HY, Ha SH, Seo WD, Kim JK. Discrimination of Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2020; 10:E112. [PMID: 32192187 PMCID: PMC7143473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As international food trade increases, consumers are becoming increasingly interested in food safety and authenticity, which are linked to geographical origin. Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are cultivated worldwide, but there are no tools for accurately discriminating their geographical origin. Thus, our study aims to develop a method for discriminating the geographical origin of adzuki beans through targeted and non-targeted metabolite profiling with gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear discrimination between adzuki beans cultivated in Korea and China. Non-targeted metabolite profiling showed better separation than targeted profiling. Furthermore, citric acid and malic acid were the most notable metabolites for discriminating adzuki beans cultivated in Korea and China. The geographical discrimination method combining non-targeted metabolite profiling and pareto-scaling showed excellent predictability (Q2 = 0.812). Therefore, it is a suitable prediction tool for the discrimination of geographical origin and is expected to be applicable to the geographical authentication of adzuki beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong Gon Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Kil Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
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Zhu R, Fan Z, Han Y, Li S, Li G, Wang L, Ye T, Zhao W. Acute Effects of Three Cooked Non-Cereal Starchy Foods on Postprandial Glycemic Responses and in Vitro Carbohydrate Digestion in Comparison with Whole Grains: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030634. [PMID: 30875961 PMCID: PMC6471337 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant origin, processing, and domestic preparation may affect the postprandial glycemic response (PGR) of starchy foods. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of integrating domestically cooked non-cereal starchy foods commonly consumed in Northeast Asia into glycemic management diet, and compare their glycemic characteristics with those of waxy and non-waxy whole grains and starchy beans. In a randomized crossover trial, ten healthy subjects consumed dried lily bulb (LB), lotus seed (LS), adlay (AD), waxy black rice (BR), millet (MI), and adzuki bean (AB), pre-soaked and each cooked for two time durations. Acute PGR tests and in vitro carbohydrate digestion were carried out for each test food. Both the LS and AB meals achieved low glycemic index (GI 21⁻51), while the other starchy foods failed to show significant difference with rice (GI 83⁻109). The hydrolysis indexes of LS and AB were 37.7%⁻61.1%, significantly lower than other test foods. The in vitro tests indicated that pre-soaking resulted in high rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and low resistant starch (RS). Careful choice of whole grain materials, minimized pre-soaking, and moderate cooking may be critical factors for successful postprandial glycemic management for diabetic and pre-diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guojing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ting Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Kim S, Baek SK, Go E, Song KB. Application of Adzuki Bean Starch in Antioxidant Films Containing Cocoa Nibs Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1210. [PMID: 30961135 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, starch extracted from adzuki bean (ABS) was used as a biodegradable film source. In addition, to develop a new antioxidant film, various amounts of cocoa nibs extract (CNE, 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%) were incorporated. With the addition of CNE, the elongation at break of the ABS films increased and the tensile strength decreased. The ABS films with CNE showed increased 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities with increasing amounts of CNE. In particular, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the ABS films containing 1% CNE were 100% and 94.9%, respectively. Furthermore, decomposition of the films was observed after 28 days of biodegradation. Thus, ABS films containing CNE can be applied as a new active packaging material.
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Liu R, Zheng Y, Cai Z, Xu B. Saponins and Flavonoids from Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis L.) Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in ICR Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:687. [PMID: 29021760 PMCID: PMC5623717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: As an herbal medicine, adzuki bean has been practiced since the Tang Dynasty of China to maintain health and control weight; this practice is still very popular in China nowadays. However, it is still lack of sufficient scientific basis to explain scientific principle of this popular civil practice in weight control using adzuki bean. The purpose of this study was to verify and explain the anti-obesity effects of adzuki bean through in vitro enzymatic assays, in vitro lipolysis and in vivo study of obese mice model. Methods: Inhibitory effects of flavonoids and saponins from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) on pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase activities, and noradrenaline-induced lipolysis were assessed. High-fat diet-induced obesity model was created to study anti-obesity effects of adzuki bean. Both serum and liver lipid parameters were determined after 8 weeks intervention. Results: Adzuki bean extracts enhanced lipolysis. Compared to the final body weight of high-fat diet group, oral administration of adzuki bean significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the final body weight of mice and adipose tissue accumulation. The adzuki bean intervention also significantly reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and liver lipid. Conclusion: Adzuki bean demonstrated the anti-obesity effects on mice, such effects may mediated through the inhibitory effects of flavonoids and saponins from adzuki bean on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities, and lipolysis enhancement effect of active components from adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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25
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Yang K, Tian Z, Chen C, Luo L, Zhao B, Wang Z, Yu L, Li Y, Sun Y, Li W, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Ai D, Zhao J, Shang C, Ma Y, Wu B, Wang M, Gao L, Sun D, Zhang P, Guo F, Wang W, Li Y, Wang J, Varshney RK, Wang J, Ling HQ, Wan P. Genome sequencing of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) provides insight into high starch and low fat accumulation and domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13213-8. [PMID: 26460024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420949112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), an important legume crop, is grown in more than 30 countries of the world. The seed of adzuki bean, as an important source of starch, digestible protein, mineral elements, and vitamins, is widely used foods for at least a billion people. Here, we generated a high-quality draft genome sequence of adzuki bean by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled contig sequences reached to 450 Mb (83% of the genome) with an N50 of 38 kb, and the total scaffold sequences were 466.7 Mb with an N50 of 1.29 Mb. Of them, 372.9 Mb of scaffold sequences were assigned to the 11 chromosomes of adzuki bean by using a single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map. A total of 34,183 protein-coding genes were predicted. Functional analysis revealed that significant differences in starch and fat content between adzuki bean and soybean were likely due to transcriptional abundance, rather than copy number variations, of the genes related to starch and oil synthesis. We detected strong selection signals in domestication by the population analysis of 50 accessions including 11 wild, 11 semiwild, 17 landraces, and 11 improved varieties. In addition, the semiwild accessions were illuminated to have a closer relationship to the cultigen accessions than the wild type, suggesting that the semiwild adzuki bean might be a preliminary landrace and play some roles in the adzuki bean domestication. The genome sequence of adzuki bean will facilitate the identification of agronomically important genes and accelerate the improvement of adzuki bean.
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26
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Sun S, Xia C, Zhang J, Duan C, Wang X, Wu X, Lee SH, Zhu Z. Stem Rot on Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HGI in China. Plant Pathol J 2015; 31:67-71. [PMID: 25774112 PMCID: PMC4356607 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.07.2014.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During late August and early September 2011, stem rot symptoms were observed on adzuki bean plants (Vigna angularis) growing in fields located in Beijing and Hebei Province, China, respectively. In this study, four isolates were obtained from infected stems of adzuki bean plants. Based on their morphology, and sequence and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (rDNA-ITS) region, the four isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani in anastomosis group (AG) 4 HGI. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates were strongly pathogenic to adzuki bean and resulted in serious wilt symptoms which was similar to observations in the fields. Additionally, the isolates infected several other crops and induced related rot on the roots and basal stems. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HGI causing stem rot on adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Sun
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjian Xia
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqing Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Canxing Duan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
People’s Republic of China
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27
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Suzuki T, Yoshii T, Fujita S, Shimada H, Takeuchi T, Kondo N. DNA markers linked to Pga1, an adzuki bean gene that confers resistance to Cadophora gregata race 1. Breed Sci 2013; 63:353-7. [PMID: 24273432 PMCID: PMC3770564 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.63.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown stem rot (BSR) caused by Cadophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola (syn. Phialophora gregata) is a serious soilborne disease of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) in Japan. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most effective disease control method, therefore the selection of resistant lines is a priority for breeders. BSR-resistant adzuki bean lines have been screened in pathogen-infected fields. However, field selection using the pathogen and artificial inoculation methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In the present study, we used 105 F3 lines derived from a cross between a BSR-resistant cultivar 'Syumari' and a susceptible cultivar 'Buchishoryukei-1' for BSR inoculation tests. Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses with 1024 primer sets revealed that six fragments were polymorphic between resistance and susceptible bulked groups. Five DNA markers (Pg77, Pg118, Pg138, Pg139 and Pg126) were developed from the nucleotide sequences of polymorphic AFLP markers and their flanking regions. Pg118, which was derived from E-ACT/M-ACT-118, was tightly linked to the resistance gene Pga1 and was converted into a codominant marker for its easier use in marker-assisted selection for adzuki bean BSR resistance. Finally, the applicability of the developed markers for BSR resistance was tested on 32 adzuki bean accessions or cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589,
Japan
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Agricultural Research Department, Chuo Agricultural Experiment Station,
Higashi-6, Kita-15, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1395,
Japan
| | - Takamitsu Yoshii
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589,
Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Agricultural Research Department, Chuo Agricultural Experiment Station,
Higashi-6, Kita-15, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1395,
Japan
| | - Hisanori Shimada
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Agricultural Research Department, Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station,
Yayoi, Kunneppu, Hokkaido 099-1496,
Japan
| | - Toru Takeuchi
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Agricultural Research Department, Chuo Agricultural Experiment Station,
Higashi-6, Kita-15, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1395,
Japan
| | - Norio Kondo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589,
Japan
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