1
|
Kukkonen A, Hantunen S, Voutilainen A, Ruusunen A, Uusitalo L, Backman K, Voutilainen R, Pasanen M, Kirjavainen PV, Keski-Nisula L. Maternal caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake and the risk of gestational diabetes - Kuopio Birth Cohort. Prim Care Diabetes 2024:S1751-9918(24)00039-1. [PMID: 38423827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Coffee intake is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes among non-pregnant people. We aimed to investigate the association between caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). METHODS Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including pregnant women who were followed at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and gave birth in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (n=2214). Maternal diet during the first trimester of pregnancy was assessed using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test according to the Finnish national guidelines mainly between 24 and 28 gestational weeks. RESULTS Women with moderate coffee intake in the first trimester were less likely diagnosed with GDM than women without coffee intake in an age-adjusted model (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-0.99; p = 0.03), but the association was attenuated in multi-adjusted models (p = 0.11). No association was found between caffeine intake and GDM. One third (32.4%) of pregnant women consumed caffeine over the recommendation (> 200 mg/d). Women who consumed cola drinks more than the median (33.3 mL/d) had an increased risk of GDM (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.02-1.63, p = 0.037) in multi-adjusted model compared to those who consumed less. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine intake during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with the risk of GDM but a minor non-significant decrease was seen with moderate coffee intake. Although the average consumption of cola drinks was low in the KuBiCo cohort, higher consumption was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safe amount of coffee during pregnancy, since the recommended caffeine intake was exceeded in almost half of the coffee drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Kukkonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lauri Uusitalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katri Backman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Pasanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Täubel M, Jalanka J, Kirjavainen PV, Tuoresmäki P, Hyvärinen A, Skevaki C, Piippo-Savolainen E, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Fungi in Early-Life House Dust Samples and the Development of Asthma: A Birth Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1456-1464. [PMID: 37535826 PMCID: PMC10559140 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202303-187oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fungal exposure has been associated with predisposing and protective effects on the development of childhood asthma. Objectives: To study whether early-life house dust mycobiota composition is associated with the development of asthma. Methods: Mycobiota were determined by amplicon sequencing from 382 dust samples collected from living room floors 2 months after birth in homes of the LUKAS cohort. Asthma status by 10.5 years of age was defined from questionnaires and assigned as ever asthma (n = 68) or current asthma (n = 27). Inhalant atopy was clinically determined at the same age. β-composition was analyzed using PERMANOVA-S, and asthma and atopy analyses were performed using discrete time hazard models and logistic regression, respectively. Results: The house dust mycobiota composition based on Bray-Curtis distance was different in the homes of children who later did or did not develop asthma. The first and the fourth axes scores of principal coordinates analysis based on Bray-Curtis were associated with ever asthma. Of the genera with the strongest correlation with these axes, the relative abundance of Boeremia, Cladosporium, Microdochium, Mycosphaerella, and Pyrenochaetopsis showed protective associations with asthma. None of these associations remained significant after mutual adjustment among the five genera or when mutually adjusted for other microbial cell wall markers and previously identified asthma-protective bacterial indices. Neither fungal α-diversity nor load was associated with asthma in the whole population, but higher fungal richness was a risk factor among children on farms. Higher fungal loads (measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in house dust were associated with the risk of inhalant atopy. Conclusions: The results of our analyses from this well-characterized birth cohort suggest that the early-life house dust mycobiota in Finnish homes, characterized via DNA amplicon sequencing, do not have strong predisposing or protective effects on asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M. Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lukkarinen M, Kirjavainen PV, Backman K, Gonzales-Inca C, Hickman B, Kallio S, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Keski-Nisula L, Korhonen LS, Korpela K, Kuitunen M, Kukkonen AK, Käyhkö N, Lagström H, Lukkarinen H, Peltola V, Pentti J, Salonen A, Savilahti E, Tuoresmäki P, Täubel M, Vahtera J, de Vos WM, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Early-life environment and the risk of eczema at 2 years-Meta-analyses of six Finnish birth cohorts. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13945. [PMID: 37102387 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban-related nature exposures are suggested to contribute to the rising prevalence of allergic diseases despite little supporting evidence. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of 12 land cover classes and two greenness indices around homes at birth on the development of doctor-diagnosed eczema by the age of 2 years, and the influence of birth season. METHODS Data from 5085 children were obtained from six Finnish birth cohorts. Exposures were provided by the Coordination of Information on the Environment in three predefined grid sizes. Adjusted logistic regression was run in each cohort, and pooled effects across cohorts were estimated using fixed or random effect meta-analyses. RESULTS In meta-analyses, neither greenness indices (NDVI or VCDI, 250 m × 250 m grid size) nor residential or industrial/commercial areas were associated with eczema by age of 2 years. Coniferous forest (adjusted odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.39 for the middle and 1.16; 0.98-1.28 for the highest vs. lowest tertile) and mixed forest (1.21; 1.02-1.42 middle vs. lowest tertile) were associated with elevated eczema risk. Higher coverage with agricultural areas tended to associate with elevated eczema risk (1.20; 0.98-1.48 vs. none). In contrast, transport infrastructure was inversely associated with eczema (0.77; 0.65-0.91 highest vs. lowest tertile). CONCLUSION Greenness around the home during early childhood does not seem to protect from eczema. In contrast, nearby coniferous and mixed forests may increase eczema risk, as well as being born in spring close to forest or high-green areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katri Backman
- Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Brandon Hickman
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampo Kallio
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura S Korhonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kukkonen
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Käyhkö
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pechlivanis S, Depner M, Kirjavainen PV, Roduit C, Täubel M, Frei R, Skevaki C, Hose A, Barnig C, Schmausser-Hechfellner E, Ege MJ, Schaub B, Divaret-Chauveau A, Lauener R, Karvonen AM, Pekkanen J, Riedler J, Illi S, von Mutius E. Continuous Rather Than Solely Early Farm Exposure Protects From Hay Fever Development. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:591-601. [PMID: 36356926 PMCID: PMC9907754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important window of opportunity for early-life exposures has been proposed for the development of atopic eczema and asthma. OBJECTIVE However, it is unknown whether hay fever with a peak incidence around late school age to adolescence is similarly determined very early in life. METHODS In the Protection against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohort potentially relevant exposures such as farm milk consumption and exposure to animal sheds were assessed at multiple time points from infancy to age 10.5 years and classified by repeated measure latent class analyses (n = 769). Fecal samples at ages 2 and 12 months were sequenced by 16S rRNA. Hay fever was defined by parent-reported symptoms and/or physician's diagnosis of hay fever in the last 12 months using questionnaires at 10.5 years. RESULTS Farm children had half the risk of hay fever at 10.5 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.50; 95% CI 0.31-0.79) than that of nonfarm children. Whereas early life events such as gut microbiome richness at 12 months (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46-0.96) and exposure to animal sheds in the first 3 years of life (aOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.06-1.15) were determinants of hay fever, the continuous consumption of farm milk from infancy up to school age was necessary to exert the protective effect (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17-0.72). CONCLUSIONS While early life events determine the risk of subsequent hay fever, continuous exposure is necessary to achieve protection. These findings argue against the notion that only early life exposures set long-lasting trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hose
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cindy Barnig
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Établissement français du sang Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC, Unité Mixte de recherche 1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France,Department of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Elisabeth Schmausser-Hechfellner
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus J. Ege
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, Nancy, France,UMR 6249 Chrono-environment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France,EA3450 Development, Adaptation and Handicap, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anne M. Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sabina Illi
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blomberg L, Backman K, Kirjavainen PV, Karvonen AM, Harju M, Keski-Nisula L. Vulvovaginal yeast infections, gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 36703111 PMCID: PMC9878740 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim was to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes and blood glucose levels and vulvovaginal yeast infections in pregnancy. Secondly, we clarified the possible associations between maternal and prenatal factors, and birth outcomes and yeast infections. METHODS Three thousand nine hundred sixty-five pregnant women of the Kuopio Birth Cohort Study (KuBiCo) reported vulvovaginal yeast infections during pregnancy, via electronic questionnaires. Maternal and prenatal data, as well as clinical obstetric and early neonatal outcomes were registered during and after birth. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed on 3,079 women during pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the possible multivariable associations between yeast infections, gestational diabetes and other prenatal and maternal factors. RESULTS No association was detected between gestational diabetes or blood glucose levels and vulvovaginal yeast infections during pregnancy. In multivariable analysis, women with yeast infections were more often multiparous, with higher education and had used more often antibiotics during pregnancy compared to others. No significant associations were detected in multivariable analysis between infections, the mode of delivery, preterm birth, birth weight or Apgar scores. CONCLUSIONS Women with reported vulvovaginal yeast infections managed generally well during pregnancy. They had no more gestational diabetes or higher blood glucose levels and their newborns managed equally well during early neonatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Blomberg
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katri Backman
- grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M. Karvonen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maijakaisa Harju
- grid.416155.20000 0004 0628 2117Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Karelia Central Hospital, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hickman B, Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, de Vos WM, Salonen A, Korpela K. Determinants of bacterial and fungal microbiota in Finnish home dust: Impact of environmental biodiversity, pets, and occupants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1011521. [PMID: 36419417 PMCID: PMC9676251 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The indoors is where many humans spend most of their time, and are strongly exposed to indoor microbiota, which may have multifaceted effects on health. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of indoor microbiota is necessary. We collected dust samples from 295 homes of families with young children in the Helsinki region of Finland and analyzed the bacterial and fungal composition based on the 16S rRNA and ITS DNA sequences. Microbial profiles were combined with extensive survey data on family structure, daily life, and physical characteristics of the home, as well as additional external environmental information, such as land use, and vegetational biodiversity near the home. Using permutational multivariate analysis of variance we explained 18% of the variation of the relative abundance between samples within bacterial composition, and 17% of the fungal composition with the explanatory variables. The fungal community was dominated by the phyla Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota; the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria were dominant. The presence of dogs, multiple children, and firewood were significantly associated with both the fungal and bacterial composition. Additionally, fungal communities were associated with land use, biodiversity in the area, and the type of building, while bacterial communities were associated with the human inhabitants and cleaning practices. A distinction emerged between members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota being more abundant in homes with greater surrounding natural environment, and potential contact with the environment. The results suggest that the fungal composition is strongly dependent on the transport of outdoor environmental fungi into homes, while bacteria are largely derived from the inhabitants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hickman
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tischer C, Täubel M, Kirjavainen PV, Depner M, Hyvärinen A, Piippo-Savolainen E, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Early-life residential exposure to moisture damage is associated with persistent wheezing in a Finnish birth cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13864. [PMID: 36282133 PMCID: PMC9828426 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moisture damage increases the risk for respiratory disorders in childhood. Our aim was to determine whether early age residential exposure to inspector-observed moisture damage or mold is associated with different wheezing phenotypes later in childhood. METHODS Building inspections were performed by civil engineers, in a standardized manner, in the children's homes-mostly single family and row houses (N = 344)-in the first year of life. The children were followed up with repeated questionnaires until the age of 6 years and wheezing phenotypes-never/infrequent, transient, intermediate, late onset, and persistent-were defined using latent class analyses. The multinomial logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 63% (n = 218) had infrequent or no wheeze, 23% (n = 80) had transient and 9.6% (n = 21) had a persistent wheeze. Due to the low prevalence, results for intermediate (3.8%, n = 13) and late-onset wheeze (3.5%, n = 12) were not further evaluated. Most consistent associations were observed with the persistent wheeze phenotype with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 2.04 (0.67-6.18) for minor moisture damage with or without mold spots (present in 23.8% of homes) and 3.68 (1.04-13.05) for major damage or any moisture damage with visible mold in a child's main living areas (present in 13.4% of homes). Early-age moisture damage or mold in the kitchen was associated with transient wheezing. CONCLUSION At an early age, residential exposure to moisture damage or mold, can be dose-dependently associated especially with persistent wheezing phenotype later in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tischer
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Bad Kissingen, Germany.,Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention (IAP), Helmholtz Zentrum München1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Piippo-Savolainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kloepfer KM, McCauley KE, Kirjavainen PV. The Microbiome as a Gateway to Prevention of Allergic Disease Development. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2022; 10:2195-2204. [PMID: 35718258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases exclusively affect tissues that face environmental challenges and harbor endogenous bacterial microbiota. The microbes inhabiting the affected tissues may not be mere bystanders in this process but actively affect the risk of allergic sensitization, disease development, and exacerbation or abatement of symptoms. Experimental evidence provides several plausible means by which the human microbiota could influence the development of allergic diseases including, but not limited to, effects on antigen presentation and induction of tolerance and allergen permeation by endorsing or disrupting epithelial barrier integrity. Epidemiological evidence attests to the significance of age-appropriate, nonpathogenic microbiota development in skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airways for protection against allergic disease development. Thus, there exist potential targets for preventive actions either in the prenatal or postnatal period. These could include maternal dietary interventions, antibiotic stewardship for both the mother and infant, reducing elective cesarean deliveries, and understanding barriers to breastfeeding and timing of food diversification. In here, we will review the current understanding and evidence of allergy-associated human microbiota patterns, their role in the development of allergic diseases, and how we could harness these associations to our benefit against allergies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fong FLY, El-Nezami H, Mykkänen O, Kirjavainen PV. The Effects of Single Strains and Mixtures of Probiotic Bacteria on Immune Profile in Liver, Spleen, and Peripheral Blood. Front Nutr 2022; 9:773298. [PMID: 35495948 PMCID: PMC9039324 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.773298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have potential use as immunomodulators but comparative data on their immunological effects are very limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of oral administration of probiotic strains, alone or as mixtures, on systemic and organ-specific immune responses. For this purpose, healthy C57BL/6 mice were perorally administered probiotics for 3 weeks. A total of five common probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus species GG (LGG) and LC705, Bifidobacterium breve 99 (Bb99), Propionibacterium freudenreichii Shermanii JS (PJS), and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), and two of their mixtures, were tested. Livers, spleens, and blood were collected for investigation. A number of five treatments increased the abundance of the natural killer (NK) cells. Bb99 had the most prominent effect on hepatic NK cells (20.0 ± 1.8%). LGG (liver: 5.8 ± 1.0%; spleen: 1.6 ± 0.4%), Bb99 (liver: 13.9 ± 4.3%; spleen: 10.3 ± 3.7%), and EcN (liver: 8.5 ± 3.2%; spleen: 1.0 ± 0.2%) increased the percentage of both the hepatic and splenic T-helper 17 cells. Moreover, LGG (85.5 ± 3.0%) and EcN (89.6 ± 1.2%) increased the percentage of splenic regulatory T-cells. The tested mixtures of the probiotics had different immunological effects from their individual components on cell-mediated responses and cytokine production. In conclusion, our results confirm that the immunomodulatory potential of the probiotics is strain- and organ/tissue-specific, and the effects of probiotic mixtures cannot be predicted based on their single constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Long Yan Fong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Otto Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taft DH, Lewis ZT, Nguyen N, Ho S, Masarweh C, Dunne-Castagna V, Tancredi DJ, Huda MN, Stephensen CB, Hinde K, von Mutius E, Kirjavainen PV, Dalphin JC, Lauener R, Riedler J, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Morrow AL, Mills DA. Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071423. [PMID: 35406036 PMCID: PMC9003546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in breastfed infants around the world to consider the potential impact of a historic dietary shift on the disappearance of B. longum subsp. infantis in some populations. Across populations, three distinct patterns of Bifidobacterium colonization emerged: (1) The dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, (2) prevalent Bifidobacterium of multiple species, and (3) the frequent absence of any Bifidobacterium. These patterns appear related to a country’s history of breastfeeding, with infants in countries with historically high rates of long-duration breastfeeding more likely to be colonized by B. longum subspecies infantis compared with infants in countries with histories of shorter-duration breastfeeding. In addition, the timing of infant colonization with B. longum subsp. infantis is consistent with horizontal transmission of this subspecies, rather than the vertical transmission previously reported for other Bifidobacterium species. These findings highlight the need to consider historical and cultural influences on the prevalence of gut commensals and the need to understand epidemiological transmission patterns of Bifidobacterium and other major commensals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana H. Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zachery T. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Steve Ho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Chad Masarweh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Vanessa Dunne-Castagna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - M. Nazmul Huda
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children’s Hospital Schwarzach, 5620 Schwarzach, Austria;
| | - Jennifer T. Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Illi S, Depner M, Pfefferle PI, Renz H, Roduit C, Taft DH, Kalanetra KM, Mills DA, Farquharson FM, Louis P, Schmausser-Hechfellner E, Divaret-Chauveau A, Lauener R, Karvonen AM, Pekkanen J, Kirjavainen PV, Roponen M, Riedler J, Kabesch M, Schaub B, von Mutius E. Immune Responsiveness to LPS Determines Risk of Childhood Wheeze and Asthma in 17q21 Risk Allele Carriers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:641-650. [PMID: 34919021 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1458oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In murine models microbial exposures induce protection from experimental allergic asthma through innate immunity. Our aim was to assess the association of early life innate immunity with the development of asthma in children at risk. METHODS In the PASTURE farm birth cohort innate, Th2, Th1 and Th17 cytokine expression at age 1 year was measured after stimulation of PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in N=445 children. Children at risk of asthma were defined based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the 17q21 asthma gene locus. Specifically, we used the SNP rs7216389 in the GSDMB gene. Wheeze in the 1st year of life was assessed by weekly diaries and asthma by questionnaire at age 6 years. RESULTS Not all cytokines were detectable in all children after LPS-stimulation. When classifying detectability of cytokines by latent class analysis, carrying the 17q21 risk allele rs7216389 was associated with risk of wheeze only in the class with the lowest level of LPS-induced activation, odds ratio (OR)=1.89, 95%-CI 1.13-3.16, p=0.015. In contrast, in children with high cytokine activation after LPS-stimulation no association of the 17q21 risk allele with wheeze (OR=0.63, 95%-CI 0.29-1.40, p=0.258, p=0.034 for interaction) or school age asthma was observed. In these children consumption of unprocessed cow's milk was associated with higher cytokine activation (OR=3.37, 95%-CI 1.56-7.30, p=0.002), which was in part mediated by the gut microbiome. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that within the 17q21 genotype asthma risk can be mitigated by activated immune responses after innate stimulation, which is partly mediated by a gut-immune axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Illi
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Giessen, Germany;
| | - Martin Depner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit, 9150, Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Fachbereich Medizin, 98594, Comprehensive Biobank Marburg CBBM, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 9377, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Marburg, Germany.,Sechenov University, 68477, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Moskva, Russian Federation.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Giessen, Germany
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University of Zurich, Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) , Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Diana Hazard Taft
- University of California Davis, 8789, Department of Food Science & Technology, Davis, California, United States
| | - Karen M Kalanetra
- University of California Davis, 8789, Department of Food Science & Technology, Davis, California, United States
| | - David A Mills
- University of California Davis, 8789, Department of Food Science & Technology, Davis, California, United States
| | - Freda M Farquharson
- University of Aberdeen, 1019, The Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Petra Louis
- University of Aberdeen, 1019, The Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Schmausser-Hechfellner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Burgundy Franche-Comté University, 439716, UMR 6249 Chrono-environment , Besancon, France.,University of Lorraine, 137665, EA3450 Développement Adaptation et Handicap (DevAH) , Nancy, France.,University Hospital Centre Nancy, 26920, Pediatric Allergy Department, Nancy, France
| | - Roger Lauener
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE) , Davos, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 3837, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 3837, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 3837, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, 163043, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- University of Eastern Finland, 163043, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children's Hospital Schwarzach, Children's Hospital Schwarzach, Schwarzach, Austria
| | - Michael Kabesch
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Campus St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 9183, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 9183, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, München, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Giessen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pechlivanis S, Depner M, Pekkanen J, Roduit C, Riedler J, Divaret-Chauveau A, Lauener R, Karvonen AM, Roponen M, Schaub B, Schmausser-Hechfellner E, Loss G, Kirjavainen PV, Mills D, Renz H, Pfefferle PI, Illi S, Von Mutius E. Protection from childhood hay fever in farm environment. Epidemiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
13
|
Tischer C, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Flexeder C, Roponen M, Hyvärinen A, Renz H, Frey UP, Fuchs O, Pekkanen J. Early age exposure to moisture and mould is related to FeNO at the age of 6 years. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1226-1237. [PMID: 33894090 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to indoor moisture damage and visible mold has been found to be associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms in several questionnaire-based studies by self-report. We aimed to define the prospective association between the early life exposure to residential moisture damage or mold and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function parameters as objective markers for airway inflammation and asthma in 6-year-old children. METHODS Home inspections were performed in children's homes when infants were on average 5 months old. At age 6 years, data on FeNO (n = 322) as well as lung function (n = 216) measurements were collected. Logistic regression and generalized additive models were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Early age major moisture damage and moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas were significantly associated with increased FeNO levels (>75th percentile) at the age of 6 years (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, aOR (95% CI): 3.10 (1.35-7.07) and 3.16 (1.43-6.98), respectively. Effects were more pronounced in those who did not change residential address throughout the study period. For lung function, major structural damage within the whole home was associated with reduced FEV1 and FVC, but not with FEV1/FVC. No association with lung function was observed with early moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas. CONCLUSION These results underline the importance of prevention and remediation efforts of moisture and mold-damaged buildings in order to avoid harmful effects within the vulnerable phase of the infants and children's immunologic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tischer
- Institute for Health Resort Medicine and Health Promotion, State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Bad Kissingen, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research (ISMHSR), Medical faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Urs Peter Frey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology, University Childrens's Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hyytiäinen H, Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, Tuoresmäki P, Casas L, Heinrich J, Herberth G, Standl M, Renz H, Piippo-Savolainen E, Hyvärinen A, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Microbial diversity in homes and the risk of allergic rhinitis and inhalant atopy in two European birth cohorts. Environ Res 2021; 196:110835. [PMID: 33582132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial exposures in early childhood direct the development of the immune system and their diversity may influence the risk of allergy development. We aimed to determine whether the indoor microbial diversity at early-life is associated with the development of allergic rhinitis and inhalant atopy. METHODS The study population included children within two birth cohorts: Finnish rural-suburban LUKAS (N = 312), and German urban LISA from Munich and Leipzig study centers (N = 248). The indoor microbiota diversity (Chao1 richness and Shannon entropy) was characterized from floor dust samples collected at the child age of 2-3 months by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of bacterial and fungal DNA amplicons. Allergic rhinitis and inhalant atopy were determined at the age of 10 years and analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS High bacterial richness (aOR 0.19, 95%CI 0.09-0.42 for middle and aOR 0.12, 95%CI 0.05-0.29 for highest vs. lowest tertile) and Shannon entropy were associated with lower risk of allergic rhinitis in LISA, and similar trend was seen in LUKAS. We observed some significant associations between bacterial and fungal diversity measured and the risk of inhalant atopy, but the associations were inconsistent between the two cohorts. High bacterial diversity tended to be associated with increased risk of inhalant atopy in rural areas, but lower risk in more urban areas. Fungal diversity tended to be associated with increased risk of inhalant atopy only in LISA. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a higher bacterial diversity may reduce the risk of allergic rhinitis later in childhood. The environment-dependent heterogeneity in the associations with inhalant atopy - visible here as inconsistent results between two differing cohorts - suggests that specific constituents of the diversity may be relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hyytiäinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lidia Casas
- Centre for Environment and Health - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research- UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | - Eija Piippo-Savolainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hose AJ, Pagani G, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Roduit C, Genuneit J, Schmaußer-Hechfellner E, Depner M, Frei R, Lauener R, Riedler J, Schaub B, Fuchs O, von Mutius E, Divaret-Chauveau A, Pekkanen J, Ege MJ. Excessive Unbalanced Meat Consumption in the First Year of Life Increases Asthma Risk in the PASTURE and LUKAS2 Birth Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651709. [PMID: 33986744 PMCID: PMC8111016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher diversity of food items introduced in the first year of life has been inversely related to subsequent development of asthma. In the current analysis, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to systematically assess feeding patterns and to relate them to asthma risk at school age. PASTURE (N=1133) and LUKAS2 (N=228) are prospective birth cohort studies designed to evaluate protective and risk factors for atopic diseases, including dietary patterns. Feeding practices were reported by parents in monthly diaries between the 4th and 12th month of life. For 17 common food items parents indicated frequency of feeding during the last 4 weeks in 4 categories. The resulting 153 ordinal variables were entered in a LCA. The intestinal microbiome was assessed at the age of 12 months by 16S rRNA sequencing. Data on feeding practice with at least one reported time point was available in 1042 of the 1133 recruited children. Best LCA model fit was achieved by the 4-class solution. One class showed an elevated risk of asthma at age 6 as compared to the other classes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 8.47, 95% CI 2.52–28.56, p = 0.001) and was characterized by daily meat consumption and rare consumption of milk and yoghurt. A refined LCA restricted to meat, milk, and yoghurt confirmed the asthma risk effect of a particular class in PASTURE and independently in LUKAS2, which we thus termed unbalanced meat consumption (UMC). The effect of UMC was particularly strong for non-atopic asthma and asthma irrespectively of early bronchitis (aOR: 17.0, 95% CI 5.2–56.1, p < 0.001). UMC fostered growth of iron scavenging bacteria such as Acinetobacter (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63, p = 0.048), which was also related to asthma (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.03, p = 0.001). When reconstructing bacterial metabolic pathways from 16S rRNA sequencing data, biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides emerged as top hit (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.13-2.19, p = 0.007). By a data-driven approach we found a pattern of overly meat consumption at the expense of other protein sources to confer risk of asthma. Microbiome analysis of fecal samples pointed towards overgrowth of iron-dependent bacteria and bacterial iron metabolism as a potential explanation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hose
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pagani
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schmaußer-Hechfellner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Pediatric Pulmonology, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital, Schwarzach, Austria
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,EA 3450 DevAH, Faculty of Medecine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus J Ege
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, Pekkanen J. Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1307-1308. [PMID: 32081405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Casas L, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, Hyytiäinen H, Jayaprakash B, Lehmann I, Standl M, Pekkanen J, Heinrich J. Early life home microbiome and hyperactivity/inattention in school-age children. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17355. [PMID: 31758010 PMCID: PMC6874766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the association between indoor microbial diversity early in life and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in children at ages 10 and 15 years.A random sample enriched with subjects with hyperactivity/inattention at age 15 years was selected from the German LISA birth cohort. Bedroom floor dust was collected at age 3 months and 4 bacterial and fungal diversity measures [number of observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices] were calculated from Illumina MiSeq sequencing data. Hyperactivity/inattention was based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 10 and 15 (cut-off ≥7). Adjusted associations between 4 diversity measures in tertiles and hyperactivity/inattention were investigated with weighted and survey logistic regression models. We included 226 individuals with information on microbial diversity and hyperactivity/inattention. Early life bacterial diversity was inversely associated with hyperactivity/inattention at age 10 [bacterial OTUs (medium vs low: aOR = 0.4, 95%CI = (0.2–0.8)) and Chao1 (medium vs low: 0.3 (0.1–0.5); high vs low: 0.3 (0.2–0.6)], whereas fungal diversity was directly associated [Chao1 (high vs low: 2.1 (1.1–4.0)), Shannon (medium vs low: 2.8 (1.3–5.8)), and Simpson (medium vs low: 4.7 (2.4–9.3))]. At age 15, only Shannon index was significantly associated with hyperactivity/inattention [bacteria (medium vs low: 2.3 (1.2–4.2); fungi (high vs low: 0.5 (0.3–0.9))]. In conclusion, early life exposure to microbial diversity may play a role in the psychobehavioural development. We observe heterogeneity in the direction of the associations encouraging further longitudinal studies to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of the microbial community underlying the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Casas
- Centre for Environment and Health - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institue of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Hyytiäinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Irina Lehmann
- Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, Jayaprakash B, Adams RI, Sordillo JE, Gold DR, Hyvärinen A, Remes S, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J. Indoor bacterial microbiota and development of asthma by 10.5 years of age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1402-1410. [PMID: 31415782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life indoor bacterial exposure is associated with the risk of asthma, but the roles of specific bacterial genera are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether individual bacterial genera in indoor microbiota predict the development of asthma. METHODS Dust samples from living rooms were collected at 2 months of age. The dust microbiota was characterized by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing amplicons of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Children (n = 373) were followed up for ever asthma until the age of 10.5 years. RESULTS Richness was inversely associated with asthma after adjustments (P = .03). The phylogenetic microbiota composition in asthmatics patients' homes was characteristically different from that in nonasthmatic subjects' homes (P = .02, weighted UniFrac, adjusted association, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, PERMANOVA-S). The first 2 axis scores of principal coordinate analysis of the weighted UniFrac distance matrix were inversely associated with asthma. Of 658 genera detected in the dust samples, the relative abundances of 41 genera correlated (r > |0.4|) with one of these axes. Lactococcus genus was a risk factor for asthma (adjusted odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13-1.63] per interquartile range change). The abundance of 12 bacterial genera (mostly from the Actinomycetales order) was associated with lower asthma risk (P < .10), although not independently of each other. The sum relative abundance of these 12 intercorrelated genera was significantly protective and explained the majority of the association of richness with less asthma. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that phylogenetic differences in the microbiota of infants' homes are associated with subsequent asthma risk and suggest that communities of selected bacteria are more strongly linked to asthma protection than individual bacterial taxa or mere richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Rachel I Adams
- Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif; California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, Richmond, Calif
| | - Joanne E Sordillo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Remes
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention (IAP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Keski-Rahkonen P, Kolehmainen M, Lappi J, Micard V, Jokkala J, Rosa-Sibakov N, Pihlajamäki J, Kirjavainen PV, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Gunter MJ, Scalbert A, Hanhineva K. Decreased plasma serotonin and other metabolite changes in healthy adults after consumption of wholegrain rye: an untargeted metabolomics study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1630-1639. [PMID: 31136658 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrain consumption has been associated with beneficial health effects including reduction of diabetes and cancer risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of wholegrain rye intake on circulating metabolites in a human intervention study using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS The intervention consisted of 2 successive 4-wk periods in a randomized crossover design, where 15 adults consumed wholegrain rye bread (WGR) or white wheat bread enriched with fermented rye bran (WW+RB), following a 4-wk rye-free period with white wheat bread (WW). Fasting plasma samples were collected at the end of each period and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were compared to identify compounds discriminating WGR from the WW+RB and WW periods. Because peripheral serotonin is produced mainly in the gut, a hypothesis of its altered biosynthesis as a response to increased cereal fiber intake was tested by measuring intestinal serotonin of mice fed for 9 wk on a high-fat diet supplemented with different sources of fiber (rye bran flour, ground wheat aleurone, or powdered cellulose). RESULTS Five endogenous metabolites and 15 rye phytochemicals associated with WGR intake were identified. Plasma concentrations of serotonin, taurine, and glycerophosphocholine were significantly lower after the WGR than WW period (Q < 0.05). Concentrations of 2 phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, PE(18:2/P-18:0) and PE(18:2/P-16:0), were lower after the WGR period than the WW+RB period (Q < 0.05). The concentration of serotonin was significantly lower in the colonic tissue of mice that consumed rye bran or wheat aleurone compared with cellulose (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Wholegrain rye intake decreases plasma serotonin in healthy adults when compared with refined wheat. Intake of rye bran and wheat aleurone decreases colonic serotonin in mice. These results suggest that peripheral serotonin could be a potential link between wholegrain consumption and its associated health effects.Data used in the study were derived from a trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03550365.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Lappi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valerie Micard
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jenna Jokkala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia Rosa-Sibakov
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-University of Montpellier-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Environmental Health Unit, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Metzler S, Frei R, Schmaußer-Hechfellner E, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Dalphin JC, Divaret-Chauveau A, Riedler J, Lauener R, Roduit C. Association between antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and infancy and the development of allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:423-433. [PMID: 30734960 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies are a serious public health issue, and prevalences are rising worldwide. The role of antibiotics in the development of allergies has repeatedly been discussed, as results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre- and post-natal antibiotic exposure and subsequent development of allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, atopic sensitization and allergic rhinitis). METHODS A total of 1080 children who participated in a European birth cohort study (PASTURE) were included in this analysis. Data on antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or first year of life and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires from pregnancy up to 6 years of age and analysed by performing logistic regressions. To take into account reverse causation, we included models, where children with diagnosis or symptoms of the respective disease in the first year of life were excluded. RESULTS Antibiotic exposure in utero was significantly and positively associated with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. The strongest effect was on diseases with onset within the first year of life (for atopic dermatitis: aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.48 and for food allergy: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22-7.47). Antibiotics in the first year of life were positively associated with atopic dermatitis up to 4 years (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.66-4.49) and also suggested a dose-response relationship. A tendency was observed with asthma between 3 and 6 years (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 0.95-2.86). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show positive associations between exposure to antibiotics and allergies, mainly atopic dermatitis and food allergy within the first year of life, after prenatal exposure, and atopic dermatitis and asthma after post-natal exposure to antibiotics in children born in rural settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Metzler
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Schmaußer-Hechfellner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany.,Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,CPC-M, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-environment, University Hospital, University of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.,EA3450 Développement Adaptation et Handicap (DevAH), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,UMR 6249 Chrono-environment, CNRS and University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children's Hospital Schwarzach, Schwarzach, Austria.,Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roduit C, Frei R, Ferstl R, Loeliger S, Westermann P, Rhyner C, Schiavi E, Barcik W, Rodriguez‐Perez N, Wawrzyniak M, Chassard C, Lacroix C, Schmausser‐Hechfellner E, Depner M, Mutius E, Braun‐Fahrländer C, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Pekkanen J, Dalphin J, Riedler J, Akdis C, Lauener R, O'Mahony L, Hyvärinen A, Remes S, Roponen M, Chauveau A, Dalphin ML, Kaulek V, Ege M, Genuneit J, Illi S, Kabesch M, Schaub B, Pfefferle P, Doekes G. High levels of butyrate and propionate in early life are associated with protection against atopy. Allergy 2019; 74:799-809. [PMID: 30390309 DOI: 10.1111/all.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary changes are suggested to play a role in the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites present in certain foods and are produced by microbes in the gut following fermentation of fibers. SCFAs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models. Our objective was to investigate the potential role of SCFAs in the prevention of allergy and asthma. METHODS We analyzed SCFA levels by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in fecal samples from 301 one-year-old children from a birth cohort and examined their association with early life exposures, especially diet, and allergy and asthma later in life. Data on exposures and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires. In addition, we treated mice with SCFAs to examine their effect on allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS Significant associations between the levels of SCFAs and the infant's diet were identified. Children with the highest levels of butyrate and propionate (≥95th percentile) in feces at the age of one year had significantly less atopic sensitization and were less likely to have asthma between 3 and 6 years. Children with the highest levels of butyrate were also less likely to have a reported diagnosis of food allergy or allergic rhinitis. Oral administration of SCFAs to mice significantly reduced the severity of allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that strategies to increase SCFA levels could be a new dietary preventive option for allergic diseases in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Children's Hospital St Gallen St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Susanne Loeliger
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Noelia Rodriguez‐Perez
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH‐Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Schmausser‐Hechfellner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention Helmholtz Zentrum Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention Helmholtz Zentrum Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Erika Mutius
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention Helmholtz Zentrum Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Munich Germany
| | | | - Anne M. Karvonen
- Department of Health Security National Institute for Health and Welfare Kuopio Finland
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security National Institute for Health and Welfare Kuopio Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security National Institute for Health and Welfare Kuopio Finland
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jean‐Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease University of Besançon UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono‐environment University Hospital Besançon France
| | | | - Cezmi Akdis
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Children's Hospital St Gallen St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karvonen AM, Tischer C, Kirjavainen PV, Roponen M, Hyvärinen A, Illi S, Mustonen K, Pfefferle PI, Renz H, Remes S, Schaub B, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J. Early age exposure to moisture damage and systemic inflammation at the age of 6 years. Indoor Air 2018; 28:450-458. [PMID: 29450910 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to indoor moisture damage and mold may be associated with subclinical inflammation. Our aim was to determine whether early age exposure to moisture damage or mold is prospectively associated with subclinical systemic inflammation or with immune responsiveness in later childhood. Home inspections were performed in children's homes in the first year of life. At age 6 years, subclinical systemic inflammation was measured by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood leukocytes and immune responsiveness by ex vivo production of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in whole blood cultures without stimulation or after 24 hours stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin (PI), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or peptidoglycan (PPG) in 251-270 children. Moisture damage in child's main living areas in infancy was not significantly associated with elevated levels of CRP or leukocytes at 6 years. In contrast, there was some suggestion for an effect on immune responsiveness, as moisture damage with visible mold was positively associated with LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α and minor moisture damage was inversely associated with PI-stimulated IL-1β. While early life exposure to mold damage may have some influence on later immune responsiveness, it does not seem to increase subclinical systemic inflammation in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - C Tischer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health - Campus MAR, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Illi
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Mustonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P I Pfefferle
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - H Renz
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Remes
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - B Schaub
- Dr. von Hauner Childrens Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - E von Mutius
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Childrens Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - J Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hyytiäinen HK, Jayaprakash B, Kirjavainen PV, Saari SE, Holopainen R, Keskinen J, Hämeri K, Hyvärinen A, Boor BE, Täubel M. Crawling-induced floor dust resuspension affects the microbiota of the infant breathing zone. Microbiome 2018; 6:25. [PMID: 29394954 PMCID: PMC5797336 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floor dust is commonly used for microbial determinations in epidemiological studies to estimate early-life indoor microbial exposures. Resuspension of floor dust and its impact on infant microbial exposure is, however, little explored. The aim of our study was to investigate how floor dust resuspension induced by an infant's crawling motion and an adult walking affects infant inhalation exposure to microbes. RESULTS We conducted controlled chamber experiments with a simplified mechanical crawling infant robot and an adult volunteer walking over carpeted flooring. We applied bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR to monitor the infant breathing zone microbial content and compared that to the adult breathing zone and the carpet dust as the source. During crawling, fungal and bacterial levels were, on average, 8- to 21-fold higher in the infant breathing zone compared to measurements from the adult breathing zone. During walking experiments, the increase in microbial levels in the infant breathing zone was far less pronounced. The correlation in rank orders of microbial levels in the carpet dust and the corresponding infant breathing zone sample varied between different microbial groups but was mostly moderate. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa was characteristically distinct in carpet dust and infant and adult breathing zones during the infant crawling experiments. Bacterial diversity in carpet dust and the infant breathing zone did not correlate significantly. CONCLUSIONS The microbiota in the infant breathing zone differ in absolute quantitative and compositional terms from that of the adult breathing zone and of floor dust. Crawling induces resuspension of floor dust from carpeted flooring, creating a concentrated and localized cloud of microbial content around the infant. Thus, the microbial exposure of infants following dust resuspension is difficult to predict based on common house dust or bulk air measurements. Improved approaches for the assessment of infant microbial exposure, such as sampling at the infant breathing zone level, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi K. Hyytiäinen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sampo E. Saari
- Aerosol Physics Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rauno Holopainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Keskinen
- Aerosol Physics Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaarle Hämeri
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brandon E. Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Martin Täubel
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Twardziok M, Schröder PC, Krusche J, Casaca VI, Illi S, Böck A, Loss GJ, Kabesch M, Toncheva AA, Roduit C, Depner M, Genuneit J, Renz H, Roponen M, Weber J, Braun-Fahrländer C, Riedler J, Lauener R, Vuitton DA, Dalphin JC, Pekkanen J, von Mutius E, Schaub B, Hyvärinen A, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Remes S, Kaulek V, Dalphin ML, Ege M, Pfefferle PI, Doekes G. Asthmatic farm children show increased CD3 +CD8 low T-cells compared to non-asthmatic farm children. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:285-292. [PMID: 28917722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Twardziok
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul C Schröder
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Krusche
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Vera I Casaca
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Illi
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Böck
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg J Loss
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antoaneta A Toncheva
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Depner
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juliane Weber
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Roger Lauener
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Public health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Remes
- Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincent Kaulek
- University Hospital of Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Dalphin
- University Hospital of Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Markus Ege
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Petra I Pfefferle
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Member of German Center for Lung Research, DZL, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Doekes
- Utrecht University, Institut for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Devision of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chan YK, El-Nezami H, Chen Y, Kinnunen K, Kirjavainen PV. Probiotic mixture VSL#3 reduce high fat diet induced vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice. AMB Express 2016; 6:61. [PMID: 27576894 PMCID: PMC5005234 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis results from chronic inflammation potentially caused by translocation of bacterial components from the oro-gastrointestinal tract to circulation. Specific probiotics have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce bacterial translocation. We thereby tested whether a probiotic mixture with documented anti-inflammatory potential could reduce atherosclerosis. ApoE−/− mice were fed high fat diet alone or with VSL#3 or a positive control treatment, telmisartan or both for 12 weeks. All treatments reduced atherosclerotic plaques significantly compared to high fat diet alone. VSL#3 significantly reduced proinflammatory adhesion molecules and risk factors of plaque rupture, reduced vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis to a comparable extent to telmisartan; and VSL#3 treated mice had the most distinctly different intestinal microbiota composition from the control groups. Combining the VSL#3 and telmisartan brought no further benefits. Our findings showed the therapeutic potential of VSL#3 in reducing atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chan YK, Brar MS, Kirjavainen PV, Chen Y, Peng J, Li D, Leung FCC, El-Nezami H. High fat diet induced atherosclerosis is accompanied with low colonic bacterial diversity and altered abundances that correlates with plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol: a pilot study of high fat diet and its intervention with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or telmisartan in ApoE -/- mice. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:264. [PMID: 27821063 PMCID: PMC5100306 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis appears to have multifactorial causes - microbial component like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other pathogen associated molecular patterns may be plausible factors. The gut microbiota is an ample source of such stimulants, and its dependent metabolites and altered gut metagenome has been an established link to atherosclerosis. In this exploratory pilot study, we aimed to elucidate whether microbial intervention with probiotics L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) or pharmaceuticals telmisartan (TLM) could improve atherosclerosis in a gut microbiota associated manner. METHODS Atherosclerotic phenotype was established by 12 weeks feeding of high fat (HF) diet as opposed to normal chow diet (ND) in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. LGG or TLM supplementation to HF diet was studied. RESULTS Both LGG and TLM significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and improved various biomarkers including endotoxin to different extents. Colonial microbiota analysis revealed that TLM restored HF diet induced increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and decrease in alpha diversity; and led to a more distinct microbial clustering closer to ND in PCoA plot. Eubacteria, Anaeroplasma, Roseburia, Oscillospira and Dehalobacteria appeared to be protective against atherosclerosis and showed significant negative correlation with atherosclerotic plaque size and plasma adipocyte - fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and cholesterol. CONCLUSION LGG and TLM improved atherosclerosis with TLM having a more distinct alteration in the colonic gut microbiota. Altered bacteria genera and reduced alpha diversity had significant correlations to atherosclerotic plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol. Future studies on such bacterial functional influence in lipid metabolism will be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Kwan Chan
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Manreetpal Singh Brar
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Food and Research Health Centre, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yan Chen
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiao Peng
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daxu Li
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick Chi-Ching Leung
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,5S13, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kirjavainen PV, Täubel M, Karvonen AM, Sulyok M, Tiittanen P, Krska R, Hyvärinen A, Pekkanen J. Microbial secondary metabolites in homes in association with moisture damage and asthma. Indoor Air 2016; 26:448-456. [PMID: 25913237 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the presence of microbial secondary metabolites in homes and their association with moisture damage, mold, and asthma development. Living room floor dust was analyzed by LC-MS/MS for 333 secondary metabolites from 93 homes of 1-year-old children. Moisture damage was present in 15 living rooms. At 6 years, 8 children had active and 15 lifetime doctor-diagnosed asthma. The median number of different metabolites per house was 17 (range 8-29) and median sum load 65 (4-865) ng/m(2) . Overall 42 different metabolites were detected. The number of metabolites present tended to be higher in homes with mold odor or moisture damage. The higher sum loads and number of metabolites with loads over 10 ng/m(2) were associated with lower prevalence of active asthma at 6 years (aOR 0.06 (95% CI <0.001-0.96) and 0.05 (<0.001-0.56), respectively). None of the individual metabolites, which presence tended (P < 0.2) to be increased by moisture damage or mold, were associated with increased risk of asthma. Microbial secondary metabolites are ubiquitously present in home floor dust. Moisture damage and mold tend to increase their numbers and amount. There was no evidence indicating that the secondary metabolites determined would explain the association between moisture damage, mold, and the development of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Täubel
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Karvonen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Sulyok
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Tiittanen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Krska
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hyvärinen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pekkanen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kolehmainen M, Mykkänen O, Kirjavainen PV, Leppänen T, Moilanen E, Adriaens M, Laaksonen DE, Hallikainen M, Puupponen-Pimiä R, Pulkkinen L, Mykkänen H, Gylling H, Poutanen K, Törrönen R. Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1501-10. [PMID: 22961907 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of cardiometabolic risk. Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are rich in polyphenols with potential anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of bilberries on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS In randomized, controlled dietary intervention, the participants consumed either a diet rich in bilberries (n = 15) or a control diet (n = 12). The bilberry group consumed daily an equivalent dose of 400 g fresh bilberries, while the control group maintained their habitual diet. No differences were found between the groups in body weight, glucose, or lipid metabolism, but bilberry supplementation tended to decrease serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-12, and LPS concentrations. An inflammation score was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.024). In transcriptomics analyses (three participants with improved oral glucose tolerance test in the bilberry group), Toll-like receptor signaling, cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways were differently regulated. QPCR analyses (n = 13 and 11 in the bilberry and control groups, respectively) showed decreased expression of MMD and CCR2 transcripts associated with monocyte and macrophage function associated genes. CONCLUSION Regular bilberry consumption may reduce low-grade inflammation indicating decreased cardiometabolic risk in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koyama T, Kirjavainen PV, Fisher C, Anukam K, Summers K, Hekmat S, Reid G. Development and pilot evaluation of a novel probiotic mixture for the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:730-8. [PMID: 20921983 DOI: 10.1139/w10-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbial exposure may direct the immune system away from allergic-type responses, but until now probiotic interventions have had limited success in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. In this study, a novel probiotic mixture was specifically created based on preliminary in vitro investigations on pollen-induced immune responses. A mixture with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and a novel fecal Bifidobacterium adolescentis isolate was formulated into a yogurt and tested for its effects in 36 subjects with allergic rhinitis over 2 pollen seasons in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The new formulation was well tolerated, but did not have significant effects on the quality of life scores, use of antihistamines, or eosinophil cationic protein concentration in nasal lavage. However, at the end of the grass pollen season, serum IL-10 and IL-12 levels were increased in the probiotic group compared to the controls. During the ragweed season, the serum TGF-β levels were significantly higher in the probiotic group than in the controls. In conclusion, the novel probiotic formulation had potentially desirable effects on the cytokine profile of patients with allergic rhinitis, but provided few clinical benefits. The study highlights the challenges in designing efficient immunomodulatory probiotic therapies based upon in vitro findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Koyama
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Our aim was to assess anti-inflammatory effects on the peripheral blood of subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who consumed probiotic yogurt for 1 month. We studied 20 healthy controls and 20 subjects with IBD, 15 of whom had Crohn's disease and five with ulcerative colitis. All the subjects consumed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 supplemented yogurt for 30 days. The presence of putative regulatory T (T(reg)) cells (CD4(+) CD25(high)) and cytokines in T cells, monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) was determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood before and after treatment, with or without ex vivo stimulation. Serum and faecal cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The proportion of CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells increased significantly (P = 0.007) in IBD patients, mean (95% confidence interval: CI) 0.84% (95% CI 0.55-1.12) before and 1.25% (95% CI 0.97-1.54) after treatment, but non-significantly in controls. The basal proportion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(+)/interleukin (IL)-12(+) monocytes and myeloid DC decreased in both subject groups, but of stimulated cells only in IBD patients. Also serum IL-12 concentrations and proportions of IL-2(+) and CD69(+) T cells from stimulated cells decreased in IBD patients. The increase in CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells correlated with the decrease in the percentage of TNF-alpha- or IL-12-producing monocytes and DC. The effect of the probiotic yogurt was confirmed by a follow-up study in which subjects consumed the yogurt without the probiotic organisms. Probiotic yogurt intake was associated with significant anti-inflammatory effects that paralleled the expansion of peripheral pool of putative T(reg) cells in IBD patients and with few effects in controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lorea Baroja
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of oral supplementation of viable and heat-inactivated probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease and to observe their effects on the composition of the gut microbiota. METHODS The study population included 35 infants with atopic eczema and allergy to cow's milk. At a mean age of 5.5 months, they were assigned in a randomized double-blind manner to receive either extensively hydrolyzed whey formula (placebo group) or the same formula supplemented with viable (viable LGG group) or heat-inactivated Lactobacillus GG (heat-inactivated LGG group), respectively. The changes in symptoms were assessed by the SCORAD method and the presence of some predominant bacterial genera in the feces detected with 16S rRNA-specific probes. RESULTS The treatment with heat-inactivated LGG was associated with adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and diarrhea. Consequently, the recruitment of patients was stopped after the pilot phase. Within the study population, atopic eczema and subjective symptoms were significantly alleviated in all the groups; the SCORAD scores (interquartile range) decreased from 13 (range, 4-29) to 8 (range, 0-29) units in the placebo group, from 19 (range, 4-47) to 5 (range, 0-18) units in the viable LGG group, and from 15 (range, 0-29) to 7 (range, 0-26) units in the heat-inactivated LGG group. The decrease in the SCORAD scores within the viable LGG group tended to be greater than within the placebo group. The treatments did not appear to affect the bacterial numbers within the genera enumerated. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of infant formulas with viable but not heat-inactivated LGG is a potential approach for the management of atopic eczema and cow's milk allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data have outlined a relationship between the composition of the intestinal microflora and allergic inflammation, and demonstrated the competence of probiotics in downregulation of such inflammation. AIMS Our aims were to characterise the relationship between gut microbes and the extent of allergic sensitisation and to assess whether the efficacy of bifidobacterial supplementation in the treatment of allergy could relate to modulation of the intestinal microbiota. METHODS This randomised study included 21 infants with early onset atopic eczema of whom eight were intolerant (highly sensitised group (HSG)) and 13 tolerant (sensitised group (SG)) to extensively hydrolysed whey formula (EHF). In the SG, six were weaned to EHF without (placebo group (PG)) and seven to EHF with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 supplementation (bifidobacteria treated group (BbG)). The faecal microflora of infants in the HSG was analysed only before weaning whereas in the SG the faecal microflora was analysed both before and after weaning. RESULTS Infants in the HSG had greater numbers of lactobacilli/enterococci than those in the SG. Serum total IgE concentration correlated directly with Escherichia coli counts in all infants and with bacteroides counts in the HSG, indicating that the presence of these bacteria is associated with the extent of atopic sensitisation. The effect of supplementation was characterised as a decrease in the numbers of Escherichia coli and protection against an increase in bacteroides numbers during weaning. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that bifidobacterial supplementation appears to modify the gut microbiota in a manner that may alleviate allergic inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Probiotic therapy is based on the concept of normal healthy microflora. The development of novel means of characterising the gut microflora, in particular those based on the different levels of conservation in the ribosomal RNA sequences of different genera, have opened up new angles on the role of the gut microflora in health and disease. Components of the human intestinal microflora or organisms entering the intestine may have harmful or beneficial effects on human health. Abundant evidence implies that specific strains selected from the healthy gut microflora exhibit powerful antipathogenic and anti-inflammatory capabilities, and are consequently involved with enhanced colonisation resistance in the intestine. Realisation of this has led to the introduction of novel modes of therapeutic and prophylactic intervention based on the consumption of mono and mixed cultures of beneficial live microorganisms as probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Isolauri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kirjavainen PV, Apostolou E, Arvola T, Salminen SJ, Gibson GR, Isolauri E. Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 32:1-7. [PMID: 11750215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the fecal microflora of 10 healthy infants and 27 infants with atopic eczema during breast-feeding and after weaning. The atopic infants had less frequently Gram-positive species among the most predominant aerobes and smaller total cell counts. Further differences were associated with more extensive manifestations, seen as higher bacteroides and lower bifidobacteria counts. Weaning resulted in decreased bacteroides counts in atopic and total cell counts in healthy infants and diminished predominance by bifidobacteria in both. In conclusion, the most prominent question raised by these data is whether Gram-positive bacteria may have distinctive importance in protection against atopic sensitization. Further studies aiming to answer this question are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Apostolou E, Kirjavainen PV, Saxelin M, Rautelin H, Valtonen V, Salminen SJ, Ouwehand AC. Good adhesion properties of probiotics: a potential risk for bacteremia? FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 31:35-9. [PMID: 11476979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adhere to human intestinal mucus was tested for lactic acid bacteria of clinical blood culture, human fecal and dairy origin. The blood culture isolates were found to adhere better than the dairy strains. Of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains (nine clinical, 10 fecal and three dairy), blood culture isolates adhered better than the fecal strains. Although these results indicate a trend for blood culture isolates to bind to intestinal mucus in higher numbers than strains of dairy and human fecal origin, other factors are also likely to be involved in the etiology of lactobacillemia since some of the clinical Lactobacillus isolates exhibited a relatively low level of adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Apostolou
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Apostolou E, Pelto L, Kirjavainen PV, Isolauri E, Salminen SJ, Gibson GR. Differences in the gut bacterial flora of healthy and milk-hypersensitive adults, as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 30:217-21. [PMID: 11335141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We enumerated the predominant gut genera from fecal samples of nine healthy and eight milk-hypersensitive adults both before and after 4 weeks Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation. The anaerobic intestinal microflora of milk-hypersensitive adults was found to resemble that of healthy adults. LGG-consumption resulted in a significant increase in the number of bifidobacteria in healthy but not in milk-hypersensitive subjects, as well as a general increase in bacterial numbers in all other bacterial genera tested in both groups. In conclusion, the composition of the gut microbiota in milk-hypersensitive adults appears to be normal. LGG may have potential in reinforcing the endogenous flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Apostolou
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Juntunen M, Kirjavainen PV, Ouwehand AC, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Adherence of probiotic bacteria to human intestinal mucus in healthy infants and during rotavirus infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:293-6. [PMID: 11238211 PMCID: PMC96052 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.2.293-296.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of fecal mucin and the adhesion of specific probiotics and their combinations in the intestinal mucus of infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and in healthy children were determined. Mucus was prepared from fecal samples from 20 infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and from 10 healthy age-matched children. Mucin concentration was determined, and the adhesion of five probiotics-Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus paracasei F19, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12-and their combinations was tested in vitro. The mean concentrations of fecal mucin during and after rotavirus diarrhea, 15.2 and 14.1 mg/g, were comparable to that in healthy children, 14.9 mg/g. The adherence of probiotics ranged from 1 to 34% in healthy subjects as indicated for the following strains: L. rhamnosus GG, 34%; B. lactis Bb12, 31%; L. acidophilus LA5, 4%; L. paracasei F19, 3%; and L. casei Shirota, 1% (P = 0.0001). The distinctive pattern of probiotic adherence was not influenced by rotavirus diarrhea. The adhesion of Bb12 in the presence of GG increased from 31 to 39% in healthy infants (P = 0.018) and in episodes of diarrhea increased from 26 to 44% (P = 0.001). Rotavirus diarrhea does not decrease the production of fecal mucin or with respect to the adhesion of probiotic bacteria tested in vitro. Combination of specific probiotic strains may enhance adherence in a synergistic manner. Optimal clinical application of these interactions may offer novel therapeutic guidelines for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Juntunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, FIN-25800 Pori, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E, Kirjavainen PV, Tölkko S, Salminen SJ. The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 30:10-3. [PMID: 10728552 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces is related to many probiotic health effects. In the presence of Lactobacillus GG or Lact. bulgaricus, the adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 to a mucus model was more than doubled. Other tested lactobacilli did not affect the adhesion, nor was the adhesion of the lactobacilli influenced by the bifidobacteria. Co-aggregation between Bif. lactis Bb12 and the tested lactobacilli was insignificant and does not explain the observed effect. The results suggest that combinations of probiotics strains may have synergistic adhesion effects. Such specific strain combinations should also be assessed in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Ouwehand
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kirjavainen PV, El-Nezami HS, Salminen SJ, Ahokas JT, Wright PF. The effect of orally administered viable probiotic and dairy lactobacilli on mouse lymphocyte proliferation. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1999; 26:131-5. [PMID: 10536299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four common Lactobacillus strains were screened for their effects on proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes. Mice received perorally 10(9) viable bacteria kg(-1) body weight for 7 days. Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment enhanced ex vivo basal proliferation (by 43%) and B-cell response at suboptimal and optimal concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (by 27-28%). Conversely, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibited both basal proliferation (by 14-51%) and mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation, particularly at supra-optimal concentrations of concanavalin A (by 43-68%) and LPS (by 23-62%). Therefore, these Lactobacillus strains demonstrate strain-specific effects on B- and T-cells and may also alter the splenocyte sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of mitogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT-University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kirjavainen PV, ElNezami HS, Salminen SJ, Ahokas JT, Wright PF. Effects of orally administered viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS on mouse lymphocyte proliferation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6:799-802. [PMID: 10548566 PMCID: PMC95778 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.6.799-802.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation by probiotics is a subject of growing interest, but the knowledge of dose response and time profile relationships is minimal. In this study we examined the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS (PJS) on the proliferative activity of murine lymphocytes ex vivo. Dose dependency was assessed by treating animals perorally with a low or a high dose (i.e., 10(9) or 10(12) viable bacteria/kg of body weight) for 7 days. The lower dose levels of each strain appeared to enhance T-cell proliferation at the optimal concanavalin A (ConA) concentration (by 69 to 84%) and B-cell proliferation at the optimal and supraoptimal concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (by 57 to 82%). B-cell proliferation was also enhanced by the high LGG dose (by 32 to 39%) but was accompanied by a marginal decrease in T-cell proliferation (by 8%) at the optimal ConA concentration. The time profiles of the immune responses were assessed after daily treatment with the higher dose for 3, 7, and 14 days. A significant decrease in basal lymphoproliferation (by 32 to 42%) was observed with PJS treatment after the 3- and 7-day periods; however, this activity returned to control levels after 14 days of treatment, which also resulted in significantly enhanced T-cell proliferation at optimal and supraoptimal ConA concentrations (by 24 to 80%). The 14-day LGG treatment also enhanced the latter activity (by 119%). In conclusion, LGG and PJS have specific dose- and duration-dependent immunomodulatory effects on the proliferative activity of B and T lymphocytes and may also reduce lymphocyte sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of lectin mitogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, RMIT-University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
In humans, microbial colonization of the intestine begins just after birth. However, development of the normal flora is a gradual process, which is initially determined by factors such as composition of the maternal gut microflora, environment and possibly also by genetic aspects. A number of variables, such as the degree of hygiene, mode of delivery, use of antibiotics or other medication and a need for nursing in incubators, can all have a substantial effect on microbial colonization and development. Current knowledge on the significance and impact of such alterations on the health of the infant is poor. However, the essential role of the gut microflora in the development of the gut immune system indicates that a close relationship between allergic sensitization and the development of the intestinal microflora may occur in infancy. Intestinal micro-organisms could down-regulate the allergic inflammation by counterbalancing type 2 T-helper cell responses and by enhancing antigen exclusion through an immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. The efficacy of probiotics (microbial food additions) in the management of food allergy has been demonstrated, and these data suggest that also prebiotics, food components that target certain indigenous gut bacteria, can possibly be used for this purpose. In conclusion, the developmental pattern of the normal gut microbiota in allergic infants poses an important research avenue, as the role of the gut microflora in the mechanisms of allergy, and thereby the possible targets for efficient bacteriotherapy, are currently undetermined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kirjavainen PV, Tuomola EM, Crittenden RG, Ouwehand AC, Harty DW, Morris LF, Rautelin H, Playne MJ, Donohue DC, Salminen SJ. In vitro adhesion and platelet aggregation properties of bacteremia-associated lactobacilli. Infect Immun 1999; 67:2653-5. [PMID: 10225937 PMCID: PMC116020 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.5.2653-2655.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight bacteremia-associated Lactobacillus strains were evaluated in vitro for the ability to adhere to human intestinal mucosa and to aggregate platelets. Adherence varied significantly among the strains, and platelet aggregation was induced by three strains. In conclusion, strong binding ability does not appear to be a prerequisite for the involvement of lactobacilli in bacteremia or to their ability to aggregate platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E, Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ. Adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus from subjects in different age groups. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 172:61-4. [PMID: 10079528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of bifidobacteria in faeces and intestinal contents has been shown to be reduced with increasing age of the subject. The adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains was tested to mucus isolated from subjects of different age. All strains bound significantly less to mucus isolated from elderly subjects, compared to mucus from the other age groups. Two of the tested strains also showed decreased adhesion to mucus isolated from 6-month-old and adult subjects compared to the adhesion to mucus from 2-month-old subjects. The results suggest that reduced adhesion may be a factor involved in the decreasing colonisation of elderly subjects by bifidobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Ouwehand
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Abstract
Human mucus was isolated from faecal samples of newborns, two and six month old infants and adults. The adhesion to this mucus by the bacteria mentioned below was assessed in vitro. Depending on the age group: 44-46% of the applied Lactobacillus GG, 23-30% of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, 9-14% of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJ-1, 3-10% of Lactobacillus salivarius LM2-118, Lactobacillus crispatus M247, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and 2% of L. crispatus Mu5 adhered. All the strains adhered better to the mucus of adults than to that of infants. With some of the strains significant differences between the infant age groups were also observed. In conclusion, the age of the target group may be worthy of consideration when planning a schedule for probiotic or functional food therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Kirjavainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|