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Klavins L, Almonaitytė K, Šalaševičienė A, Zommere A, Spalvis K, Vincevica-Gaile Z, Korpinen R, Klavins M. Strategy of Coniferous Needle Biorefinery into Value-Added Products to Implement Circular Bioeconomy Concepts in Forestry Side Stream Utilization. Molecules 2023; 28:7085. [PMID: 37894564 PMCID: PMC10609605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development goals require a reduction in the existing heavy reliance on fossil resources. Forestry can be considered a key resource for the bioeconomy, providing timber, energy, chemicals (including fine chemicals), and various other products. Besides the main product, timber, forestry generates significant amounts of different biomass side streams. Considering the unique and highly complex chemical composition of coniferous needle/greenery biomass, biorefinery strategies can be considered as prospective possibilities to address top segments of the bio-based value pyramid, addressing coniferous biomass side streams as a source of diverse chemical substances with applications as the replacement of fossil material-based chemicals, building blocks, food, and feed and applications as fine chemicals. This study reviews biorefinery methods for coniferous tree forestry biomass side streams, exploring the production of value-added products. Additionally, it discusses the potential for developing further biorefinery strategies to obtain products with enhanced value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Karolina Almonaitytė
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.A.); (A.Š.)
| | - Alvija Šalaševičienė
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.A.); (A.Š.)
| | - Alise Zommere
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Zane Vincevica-Gaile
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Biomass Fractionation Technologies, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
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Vanhakylä S, Salminen JP. Seasonal Variation in Plant Polyphenols and Related Bioactivities across Three Years in Ten Tree Species as Visualized by Mass Spectrometric Fingerprint Mapping. Molecules 2023; 28:6093. [PMID: 37630346 PMCID: PMC10458088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently changing climates and environments place plants under many types of stresses that affect both their survival and levels of chemical defenses. The gradual induction of defenses in stressed plant populations could be monitored on a yearly basis unless a seasonal and yearly variation in natural defense levels obscures such monitoring schemes. Here, we studied the stability of the species-specific polyphenol composition and content of 10 tree species over three growing seasons using five replicate trees per species. We specifically measured hydrolyzable tannins (galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl derivatives), proanthocyanidins (procyanidins and prodelphinidins), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives) and quinic acid derivatives with the group-specific UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS tool, together with two bioactivities, the protein precipitation capacity and oxidative activity. With the help of a fingerprint mapping tool, we found out that species differed a lot in their seasonal and between-year variation in polyphenols and that the variation was also partially specific to compound groups. Especially ellagitannins tended to have declining seasonal patterns while the opposite was true for proanthocyanidins. Some of the species showed minimal variation in all measured variables, while others showed even induced levels of certain polyphenol groups during the 3-year study. For every species, we found either species-specific baseline levels in qualitative and quantitative polyphenol chemistry or the compound groups with the most plasticity in their production. The used tools could thus form a good combination for future studies attempting to monitor the overall changes in polyphenol chemistry due to various biotic or abiotic stress factors in plant populations or in more controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
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Lukkarinen M, Kirjavainen PV, Backman K, Gonzales-Inca C, Hickman B, Kallio S, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Keski-Nisula L, Korhonen LS, Korpela K, Kuitunen M, Kukkonen AK, Käyhkö N, Lagström H, Lukkarinen H, Peltola V, Pentti J, Salonen A, Savilahti E, Tuoresmäki P, Täubel M, Vahtera J, de Vos WM, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Early-life environment and the risk of eczema at 2 years-Meta-analyses of six Finnish birth cohorts. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13945. [PMID: 37102387 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban-related nature exposures are suggested to contribute to the rising prevalence of allergic diseases despite little supporting evidence. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of 12 land cover classes and two greenness indices around homes at birth on the development of doctor-diagnosed eczema by the age of 2 years, and the influence of birth season. METHODS Data from 5085 children were obtained from six Finnish birth cohorts. Exposures were provided by the Coordination of Information on the Environment in three predefined grid sizes. Adjusted logistic regression was run in each cohort, and pooled effects across cohorts were estimated using fixed or random effect meta-analyses. RESULTS In meta-analyses, neither greenness indices (NDVI or VCDI, 250 m × 250 m grid size) nor residential or industrial/commercial areas were associated with eczema by age of 2 years. Coniferous forest (adjusted odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.39 for the middle and 1.16; 0.98-1.28 for the highest vs. lowest tertile) and mixed forest (1.21; 1.02-1.42 middle vs. lowest tertile) were associated with elevated eczema risk. Higher coverage with agricultural areas tended to associate with elevated eczema risk (1.20; 0.98-1.48 vs. none). In contrast, transport infrastructure was inversely associated with eczema (0.77; 0.65-0.91 highest vs. lowest tertile). CONCLUSION Greenness around the home during early childhood does not seem to protect from eczema. In contrast, nearby coniferous and mixed forests may increase eczema risk, as well as being born in spring close to forest or high-green areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katri Backman
- Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Brandon Hickman
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampo Kallio
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura S Korhonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kukkonen
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Käyhkö
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- FLORA: New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Joseph J, Luster J, Bottero A, Buser N, Baechli L, Sever K, Gessler A. Effects of drought on nitrogen uptake and carbon dynamics in trees. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:927-943. [PMID: 33147631 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Research on drought impact on tree functioning is focussed primarily on water and carbon (C) dynamics. Changes in nutrient uptake might also affect tree performance under drought and there is a need to explore underlying mechanisms. We investigated effects of drought on (a) in situ nitrogen (N) uptake, accounting for both, N availability to fine roots in soil and actual N uptake, (b) physiological N uptake capacity of roots and (c) the availability of new assimilates to fine roots influencing the N uptake capacity using 15N and 13C labelling. We assessed saplings of six different tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl., Abies alba Mill., Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L.). Drought resulted in significant reduction of in situ soil N uptake in deciduous trees accompanied by reduced C allocation to roots and by a reduction in root biomass available for N uptake. Although physiological root N uptake capacity was not affected by drought in deciduous saplings, reduced maximum ammonium but not nitrate uptake was observed for A. alba and P. abies. Our results indicate that drought has species-specific effects on N uptake. Even water limitations of only 5 weeks as assessed here can decrease whole-plant inorganic N uptake, independent of whether the physiological N uptake capacity is affected or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Joseph
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Luster
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Bottero
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Buser
- Universitätsklinik für Hals, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Freiburgstrasse-16, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Baechli
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Krunoslav Sever
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lin YT, Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Chiu CY. Effects of Reforestation on the Structure and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Subtropical Low Mountain Forest Soils. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1968. [PMID: 30186273 PMCID: PMC6110939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reforestation with different tree species could alter soil properties and in turn affect the bacterial community. However, the effects of long-term reforestation on bacterial community structure and diversity of subtropical forest soils are poorly understood. In the current study, we applied error-corrected barcoded pyrosequencing to characterize the differences in the soil bacterial community in a low mountain, subtropical forest subjected to reforestation. The communities were sampled in the summer and winter from a native broadleaved forest (BROAD-Nat) and two adjacent coniferous plantations, a Calocedrus formosana forest of 80 years (CONIF-80) and a Cunninghamia konishii forest of 40 years (CONIF-40). The soil bacterial communities among three forest types were dominated by Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. The distribution of abundant genera among communities was different. Based on the Shannon diversity index, the bacterial alpha diversity of CONIF-40 community was significantly higher than that in the CONIF-80 and BROAD-Nat soils. In both of the coniferous plantations, the soil bacterial diversity in summer was also higher than that in winter. Distribution of some abundant phylogenetic groups, K-shuff and redundancy analysis of beta diversity among communities showed that the bacterial structure of three soil communities differed between two seasons. These results suggest that seasonal differences influence the diversity and structure of bacterial soil communities and that the communities remain different even after a long period of reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William B Whitman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David C Coleman
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chih-Yu Chiu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Qu Y, Fu L, Han W, Zhu Y, Wang J. MLAOS: a multi-point linear array of optical sensors for coniferous foliage clumping index measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:9271-89. [PMID: 24859029 PMCID: PMC4063017 DOI: 10.3390/s140509271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The canopy foliage clumping effect is primarily caused by the non-random distribution of canopy foliage. Currently, measurements of clumping index (CI) by handheld instruments is typically time- and labor-intensive. We propose a low-cost and low-power automatic measurement system called Multi-point Linear Array of Optical Sensors (MLAOS), which consists of three above-canopy and nine below-canopy optical sensors that capture plant transmittance at different times of the day. Data communication between the MLAOS node is facilitated by using a ZigBee network, and the data are transmitted from the field MLAOS to a remote data server using the Internet. The choice of the electronic element and design of the MLAOS software is aimed at reducing costs and power consumption. A power consumption test showed that, when a 4000 mAH Li-ion battery is used, a maximum of 8-10 months of work can be achieved. A field experiment on a coniferous forest revealed that the CI of MLAOS may reveal a clumping effect that occurs within the canopy. In further work, measurement of the multi-scale clumping effect can be achieved by utilizing a greater number of MLAOS devices to capture the heterogeneity of the plant canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lizhe Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yeqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jindi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Abstract
The phytoremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) from contaminated groundwater has been extensively studied using the hybrid poplar tree (Populus spp.). Several metabolites of TCE have been identified in the tissue of poplar including trichloroethanol (TCEOH) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). In addition to the use of hybrid poplar for the phytoremediation of TCE, it is important to screen native tree species that could be successful candidates for field use. This study involves a greenhouse-based comparison of four different native southeastern conifers to a hybrid poplar species for their potential to phytoremediate TCE through the analysis of various plant tissues for TCE and major TCE metabolites, as well as several growth parameters that are desirable for phytoremediation. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), Leyland cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), two varieties of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and hybrid poplar species H11-11 (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides) were examined for the concentration of TCE and its metabolites in their tissue following treatment with either a low (50 mg L-1) or high dose of TCE (150 mg L-1) for 2 mo. The amount of water taken up, change in height of the tree, TCE transpiration, and total fresh weight of various tissue types were also measured. All trees contained detectable levels of TCE in their root and stem tissue. TCEOH was found only in the tissue of longleaf pine, suggesting that TCE metabolism was occurring in this tree. TCAA was only detected in the leaves of hybrid poplar and piedmont loblolly pine. Conifers took up less water over the 2-mo treatment period than hybrid poplar and grew at a slower rate. However, phytoremediation field sites may benefit from the evergreen's ability to transpire water throughout the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strycharz
- a Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - L Newman
- a Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
- b Savannah River Ecology Lab , Savannah River Site , Aiken , South Carolina , USA
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