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Wang Y, Tong C, Liu Q, Han R, Liu C. Intergrowth Zeolites, Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11664-11721. [PMID: 37707958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Microporous zeolites that can act as heterogeneous catalysts have continued to attract a great deal of academic and industrial interest, but current progress in their synthesis and application is restricted to single-phase zeolites, severely underestimating the potential of intergrowth frameworks. Compared with single-phase zeolites, intergrowth zeolites possess unique properties, such as different diffusion pathways and molecular confinement, or special crystalline pore environments for binding metal active sites. This review first focuses on the structural features and synthetic details of all the intergrowth zeolites, especially providing some insightful discussion of several potential frameworks. Subsequently, characterization methods for intergrowth zeolites are introduced, and highlighting fundamental features of these crystals. Then, the applications of intergrowth zeolites in several of the most active areas of catalysis are presented, including selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia (NH3-SCR), methanol to olefins (MTO), petrochemicals and refining, fine chemicals production, and biomass conversion on Beta, and the relationship between structure and catalytic activity was profiled from the perspective of intergrowth grain boundary structure. Finally, the synthesis, characterization, and catalysis of intergrowth zeolites are summarized in a comprehensive discussion, and a brief outlook on the current challenges and future directions of intergrowth zeolites is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengzheng Tong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rui Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Chen L, Jiao W, Wang C, Zhou H, Liu S, Su J, Wang Y, Yu J, Xue Z, Mao D. Liquid-seed assisted synthesis of lamellar SAPO-n zeolite and its application on syngas to olefin conversion within bifunctional catalysis. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Niu L, Li Y, Long X, Ji D, Wang D, Li H, Zhao X. Grinding synthesis of SAPO-18 zeolite by a single/dual-template route: which is the best catalyst of methanol-to-olefins reaction? REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Synthesis of Low Silicon Submicron-Sized SAPO-34 Molecular Sieve by Micron Seed Activation Method to Improve the Performance of MTO. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zheng T, He P, Zhang R, Meng X, Yue Y, Liu H, Liu Z, Xu C, Liu H. Seed-assisted synthesis of SAPO-34 zeolites: Genetic effect of seeds. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou Z, Wang X, Jiang R, Chen X, Hou H. Synthesis of stacked spherical hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolite and its methanol to olefin catalytic performance. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Riyar BK, Agarwal VK. Synthesis of SAPO-34 using the different combinations of four templates by dry gel conversion method. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis of SAPO-34 Nanoplates with High Si/Al Ratio and Improved Acid Site Density. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123198. [PMID: 34947545 PMCID: PMC8703864 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional SAPO-34 molecular sieves were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal process. The concentrations of structure directing agent (SDA), phosphoric acid, and silicon in the gel solution were varied and their effect on phase, shape, and composition of synthesized particles was studied. The synthesized particles were characterized by various techniques using SEM, XRD, BET, EDX, and NH3-TPD. Various morphologies of particles including isotropic, hyper rectangle, and nanoplates were obtained. It was found that the Si/Al ratio of the SAPO-34 particles was in a direct relationship with the density of acid sites. Moreover, the gel composition and preparation affected the chemistry of the synthesized particles. The slow addition of phosphoric acid improved the homogeneity of synthesis gel and resulted in SAPO-34 nanoplates with high density of acid sites, 3.482 mmol/g. The SAPO-34 nanoplates are expected to serve as a high performance catalyst due to the low mass transfer resistance and the high density of active sites.
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Hadi N, Farzi A. A review on reaction mechanisms and catalysts of methanol to olefins process. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1983547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Hadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Farzi
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang S, Ming S, Guo L, Bian C, Meng Y, Liu Q, Dong Y, Bi J, Li D, Wu Q, Qin K, Chen Z, Pang L, Cai W, Li T. Controlled synthesis of Cu-based SAPO-18/34 intergrowth zeolites for selective catalytic reduction of NO x by ammonia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125543. [PMID: 33677322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cu-based SAPO-18, SAPO-18/34 intergrowth and SAPO-34 zeolites were applied for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia (NH3-SCR) catalysts. Comprehensive characterization results revealed that the SAPO-18/34 with higher amount and strength of acid sites could facilitate the generation of more isolated copper ions (Cu2+ and Cu+) and suppress the formation of CuOx, which might account for the fact that intergrowth crystal structure of Cu-SAPO-18/34 exhibited higher fresh NH3-SCR activity, more robust hydrothermal durability and better SO2-resistance ability than that Cu-SAPO-18 and Cu-SAPO-34. In situ DRIFTS results provided the formation of reaction intermediates, such as -NH2, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, etc. Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) reaction mechanisms were both involved in Cu-based SAPO-18 and SAPO-18/34 intergrowth zeolites, but the L-H mechanism dominated the NH3-SCR reaction, in addition, Cu-SAPO-34 only followed "L-H" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoute Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shujun Ming
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ce Bian
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yahao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiajun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kaiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lei Pang
- DongFeng Trucks R&D Center, Zhushanhu Road No. 653, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Weiquan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry, of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Akhgar S, Towfighi J, Hamidzadeh M. Investigation of synthesis time and type of seed along with reduction of template consumption in the preparation of SAPO-34 catalyst and its performance in the MTO reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34474-34485. [PMID: 35514429 PMCID: PMC9056835 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SAPO-34 catalysts were synthesized through the seeding approach under different seed conditions. The different seed synthesis times (6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) and three types of seeds were evaluated: the dried seed, the calcined seed, and the mother liquor from an unseeded synthesis, called the solution seed. Pure SAPO-34 was obtained using 12 h and 24 h solution seeds, in which a 40% reduction of template consumption was achieved simultaneously. All seeding induced samples represented higher catalytic performance in the MTO process than conventional SAPO-34 due to the smaller crystallite/particle sizes and larger external surface areas and mesopore volume. Furthermore, the changes in the acidity of samples affect their performance. The maximum olefin selectivity under industrial feed conditions (72 wt% methanol in water) was 91.79% for the sample prepared from the 12 h solution seed, which was 14.43% higher than the unseeded sample. Although this sample did not have the longest lifetime, it showed a 330 min lifespan, which was at least twice more than that of the conventional one (150 min). The sample prepared from the 6 h solution seed showed the longest lifetime of more than 500 min among all catalysts, although it was contaminated with a little SAPO-5. SAPO-34 catalysts were synthesized through the seeding approach under different seed conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Akhgar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran Iran +982182883311
| | - Jafar Towfighi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran Iran +982182883311
| | - Marzieh Hamidzadeh
- National Petrochemical Company, Petrochemical Research and Technology Company P.O. Box 1435884711 Tehran Iran
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Aghamohammadi S, Haghighi M, Sadeghpour P, Souri T. Comparative Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured SAPO-34 Using TEA and Morpholine: Effect of Mono vs. Dual Template on Catalytic Properties and Performance toward Methanol to Light Olefins. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:509-520. [PMID: 32928082 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200914104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Production of light olefins from methanol was studied over SAPO-34 molecular sieves exploring the effect of mono and dual templates. Herein, the single templates of TEA, morpholine, and mixed templates of TEA/morpholine (equal molar ratio of TEA and morpholine) were used to synthesize SAPO-34 catalysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prepared samples were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis method and characterized with XRD, FESEM, PSD, EDX, BET, and FTIR techniques. RESULTS It was found that the crystallinity decreased upon applying TEA as a template and it can also be noted that the intensity of the SAPO-34 phase peaks increased by increasing the morpholine in template mixture. Production of much smoother particles for the catalyst synthesized with a binary template mixture of TEA/morpholine can be dependent on the crystallinity increase. Si incorporation value was decreased for the catalyst with a major phase of SAPO-5 (topological structure of AFI). It is indicative that the TEA application would facilitate the formation of AFI structure, which is incapable of incorporating higher amounts of Si into the crystalline framework. CONCLUSION The nature of the template determines the morphology of the final product due to the different rates of crystal growth obtained in accordance with XRD and FESEM results. Therefore, the catalyst synthesized with the TEA/morpholine mixture shows the best performance among synthesized samples in terms of lifetime in the MTO process, sustaining light olefins selectivity at higher values (about 90% after 630 min TOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Aghamohammadi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadeghpour
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Souri
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
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