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Yang D, Li D, Jiang L, Lin J, Yue G, Xiao K, Hao X, Ji Q, Hong Y, Cai P, Yang J. Antennal transcriptome analysis of Psyttalia incisi (silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): identification and tissue expression profiling of candidate odorant-binding protein genes. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:333. [PMID: 38393425 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfaction plays an important role in host-seeking by parasitoids, as they can sense chemical signals using sensitive chemosensory systems. Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the dominant parasitoid of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in fruit-producing regions of southern China. The olfactory behavior of P. incisi has been extensively studied; however, the chemosensory mechanisms of this species are not fully understood. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis of 64,515 unigenes from the antennal transcriptome of both male and female adults P. incisi identified 87 candidate chemosensory genes. These included 13 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), seven gustatory receptors (GRs), 55 odorant receptors (ORs), 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Phylogenetic trees were constructed to predict evolutionary relationships between these chemosensory genes in hymenopterans. Moreover, the tissue expression profiles of 13 OBPs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, revealing high expression of seven OBPs (1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 13) in the antennae. CONCLUSION This study represents the first identification of chemosensory genes and the determination of their expression patterns in different tissues of P. incisi. These results contribute to a better understanding of the function of the chemosensory system of this parasitoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Yang
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Yue
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuxing Hao
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinge Ji
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongcong Hong
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Pumo Cai
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Horticulture, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China.
| | - Jianquan Yang
- Institute of Biological Control, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Huang ZY, Huang SB, Xie L, Wang XY, Liu ZJ, Xiong GQ, Lu W, Zheng XL. Comparative transcriptome analysis of sensory genes from the antenna and abdomen of Quadrastichus mendeli Kim. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101110. [PMID: 37478664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Quadrastichus mendeli Kim is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle, which is an invasive gall-making pest in eucalyptus plantations in the world. Gall-inducing insects live within plant tissues and induce tumor-like growths that provide the insects with food, shelter, and protection from natural enemies. Empirical evidences showed that sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. So far, what kind of sensory genes regulate parasitoids to locate gall-inducing insects has not been uncovered. In this study, sensory genes in the antenna and abdomen of Q. mendeli were studied using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 181,543 contigs was obtained from the antenna and abdomen transcriptome of Q. mendeli. The major sensory genes (chemosensory proteins, CSPs; gustatory receptors, GRs; ionotropic receptors, IRs; odorant binding proteins, OBPs; odorant receptors, ORs; and sensory neuron membrane proteins, SNMPs) were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. The gene co-expression network constructed by WGCNA method is robust and reliable. There were 10,314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and among them, 99 genes were DEGs. A comprehensive sequence resource with desirable quality was built by comparative transcriptome of the antenna and abdomen of Q. mendeli, enriching the genomic platform of Q. mendeli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shou-Bian Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zuo-Jun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Wang X, Liu H, Xie G, Wang W, Yang Y. Identification and expression analyses of the olfactory-related genes in different tissues' transcriptome of a predacious soldier beetle, Podabrus annulatus (Coleoptera, Cantharidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21997. [PMID: 36656761 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues of the soldier beetle, Podabrus annulatus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), and obtained 75.74 Gb clean reads which were assembled into 95,274 unigenes. Among these transcripts, 25,484 unigenes of highly quality were annotated. Based on annotation and tBLASTn results, we identified a total of 101 candidate olfactory-related genes for the first time, including 11 putative odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 6 chemosensory proteins (CSP), 50 olfactory receptors (ORs), 25 gustatory receptors (GRs), 6 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). BLASTX best-hit results indicated that these chemosensory genes were most identical to their respective orthologs from Photinus pyralis. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the ORs, GRs, and IRs of Podabrus annulatus are closely related to those of Photinus pyralis. The fragment per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values showed that the PannOBP2, PannOBP3, and PannOBP10 were predominantly expressed in the antennae, PannOBP1 in the abdomen-thorax, while others were not identified to be tissue-specific. These olfactory-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated different roles in the olfactory system of Podabrus annulatus. This study establishes the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanism of olfactory recognition in Podabrus annulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guanglin Xie
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Qu C, Yang ZK, Wang S, Zhao HP, Li FQ, Yang XL, Luo C. Binding Affinity Characterization of Four Antennae-Enriched Odorant-Binding Proteins From Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:829766. [PMID: 35350682 PMCID: PMC8957989 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmonia axyridis is an important natural enemy that consumes many agricultural and forestry pests. It relies on a sensitive olfactory system to find prey and mates. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) as the first-step of recognizing volatiles, transport odors through sensillum lymph to odorant receptors (ORs). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of H. axyridis olfaction. In this study, four H. axyridis antenna specific OBP genes, HaxyOBP3, 5, 12, and 15, were bacterially expressed and the binding features of the four recombinant proteins to 40 substances were investigated using fluorescence competitive binding assays. Three-dimensional structure modeling and molecular docking analysis predicted the binding sites between HaxyOBPs and candidate volatiles. Developmental expression analyses showed that the four HaxyOBP genes displayed a variety of expression patterns at different development stages. The expression levels of HaxyOBP3 and HaxyOBP15 were higher in the adult stage than in the other developmental stages, and HaxyOBP15 was significantly transcriptionally enriched in adult stage. Ligand-binding analysis demonstrated that HaxyOBP3 and HaxyOBP12 only combined with two compounds, β-ionone and p-anisaldehyde. HaxyOBP5 protein displayed binding affinities with methyl salicylate, β-ionone, and p-anisaldehyde (Ki = 18.15, 11.71, and 13.45 μM). HaxyOBP15 protein had a broad binding profile with (E)-β-farnesene, β-ionone, α-ionone, geranyl acetate, nonyl aldehyde, dihydro-β-ionone, and linalyl acetate (Ki = 4.33–31.01 μM), and hydrophobic interactions played a key role in the binding of HaxyOBP15 to these substances according to molecular docking. Taken together, HaxyOBP15 exhibited a broader ligand-binding spectrum and a higher expression in adult stage than HaxyOBP3, 5, and 12, indicating HaxyOBP15 may play a greater role in binding volatiles than other three HaxyOBPs. The results will increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of H. axyridis olfaction and may also result in new management strategies (attractants/repellents) that increase the biological control efficacy of H. axyridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-kai Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-peng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Feng-qi Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-ling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xin-ling Yang,
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Luo,
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Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of novel chemosensory genes in the German cockroach Blattella germanica. Genomics 2022; 114:110310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu J, Liu H, Yi J, Mao Y, Li J, Sun D, An Y, Wu H. Transcriptome Characterization and Expression Analysis of Chemosensory Genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae), a Key Pest of Sugarcane. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636353. [PMID: 33762968 PMCID: PMC7982955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chemoreception involves many families of genes, including odourant/pheromone binding proteins (OBP/PBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odourant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), which play irreplaceable roles in mediating insect behaviors such as host location, foraging, mating, oviposition, and avoidance of danger. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of olfactory reception in Chilo sacchariphagus, which is a major pest of sugarcane. A set of 72 candidate chemosensory genes, including 31 OBPs/PBPs, 15 CSPs, 11 ORs, 13 IRs, and two SNMPs, were identified in four transcriptomes from different tissues and genders of C. sacchariphagus. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on gene families and paralogs from other model insect species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of these chemosensory genes exhibited antennae-biased expression, but some had high expression in bodies. Most of the identified chemosensory genes were likely involved in chemoreception. This study provides a molecular foundation for the function of chemosensory proteins, and an opportunity for understanding how C. sacchariphagus behaviors are mediated via chemical cues. This research might facilitate the discovery of novel strategies for pest management in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbai Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiequn Yi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkai Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihu Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Rondoni G, Roman A, Meslin C, Montagné N, Conti E, Jacquin-Joly E. Antennal Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Candidate Chemosensory Genes of the Harlequin Ladybird Beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030209. [PMID: 33801288 PMCID: PMC8002065 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The predatory harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been widely released for classical and augmentative biological control programs of insect herbivores and is now distributed worldwide. Because of its invasive behavior and the threat it can pose to local biodiversity, this ladybird has been adopted as a model species for invasive biocontrol predators. A huge amount of existing literature is available on this species. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying H. axyridis smell and taste, even though these senses are important in this ladybird for courtship, mating, and for locating suitable habitats for feeding and oviposition. Here we describe the first chemosensory gene repertoire that is expressed in the antennae of male and female H. axyridis. Our findings would likely represent the basis for future functional studies aiming at increasing the efficacy of H. axyridis in biological control or at reducing its populations in those areas where the ladybird has become a matter of concern due to its invasiveness. Abstract In predatory ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), antennae are important for chemosensory reception used during food and mate location, and for finding a suitable oviposition habitat. Based on NextSeq 550 Illumina sequencing, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of mated Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) males and females and described the first chemosensory gene repertoire expressed in this species. We annotated candidate chemosensory sequences encoding 26 odorant receptors (including the coreceptor, Orco), 17 gustatory receptors, 27 ionotropic receptors, 31 odorant-binding proteins, 12 chemosensory proteins, and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses allowed to assign candidate H. axyridis chemosensory genes to previously described groups in each of these families. Differential expression analysis between males and females revealed low variability between sexes, possibly reflecting the known absence of relevant sexual dimorphism in the structure of the antennae and in the distribution and abundance of the sensilla. However, we revealed significant differences in expression of three chemosensory genes, namely two male-biased odorant-binding proteins and one male-biased odorant receptor, suggesting their possible involvement in pheromone detection. Our data pave the way for improving the understanding of the molecular basis of chemosensory reception in Coccinellidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rondoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 16123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Roman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 16123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Camille Meslin
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Versailles, France; (C.M.); (N.M.); (E.J.-J.)
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Versailles, France; (C.M.); (N.M.); (E.J.-J.)
| | - Eric Conti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 16123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Versailles, France; (C.M.); (N.M.); (E.J.-J.)
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Zhao C, Zhao H, Zhang S, Luo J, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao P, Hua H, Cui J. The Developmental Stage Symbionts of the Pea Aphid-Feeding Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2454. [PMID: 31736900 PMCID: PMC6839393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) is widely recognized as an important holometabolous natural enemy of various insect pests in different cropping systems and as a non-target surrogate in environmental risk assessment of Bt rice (i.e., genetically modified rice to express a toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis). Like other complex organisms, abundant microbes live inside C. sinica; however, to date, microbiome composition and diversity of the whole life cycle in C. sinica has not yet been well characterized. In the current study, we analyze the composition and biodiversity of microbiota across the whole life cycle of C. sinica by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Collectively, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the microenvironment at all stages, but their relative abundances fluctuated by host developmental stage. Interestingly, eggs, neonates, and adults shared similar microbes, including an abundance of Rickettsia and Wolbachia. After larva feeding, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Serratia were enriched in larvae and pupa, suggesting that food may serve as a major factor contributing to altered microbial community divergence at different developmental stages. Our findings demonstrated that C. sinica harbor a variety of bacteria, and that dynamic changes in community composition and relative abundances of members of its microbiome occur during different life cycle stages. Evaluating the role of these bacterial symbionts in this natural enemy may assist in developing environmental risk assessments and novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Transcriptome characterization and gene expression analysis related to chemoreception in Trichogramma chilonis, an egg parasitoid. Gene 2018; 678:288-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang GY, Zhu JL, Zhou WW, Liu S, Khairul QM, Ansari NA, Zhu ZR. Identification and expression analysis of putative chemoreception genes from Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae) antennal transcriptome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12981. [PMID: 30154418 PMCID: PMC6113244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important egg predator of planthoppers which are destructive rice pests. The chemosensory genes in the mirid antennae play important roles in mating and prey-seeking behaviors. To gain a better understanding of the olfaction of C. lividipennis, we sequenced the antennal transcriptomes of the predator to identify the key olfaction genes. We identified 18 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 1 Niemann-Pick C2 protein (NPC2), 15 odorant receptors (ORs), 6 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 3 gustatory receptors (GRs) and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the relative transcript levels of three ClivORs (ClivOR6, 7 and 14) in the female antennae were 3 to 6 folds higher than that in the male antennae, indicating these genes were more related to oviposition site selection. The relative transcript levels of ClivCSP8 and ClivOR11 were 2.6 and 2.7 times higher in the male antennae than that of the female, respectively, indicating that these genes might be involved in mate searching. Moreover, the responses of dsorco treated predators to volatiles emitted from infested rice were significantly reduced, indicating these volatiles might serve as crucial cues in the host searching of C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing-Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Quais Md Khairul
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Naved Ahmad Ansari
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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11
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He P, Li ZQ, Zhang YF, Chen L, Wang J, Xu L, Zhang YN, He M. Identification of odorant-binding and chemosensory protein genes and the ligand affinity of two of the encoded proteins suggest a complex olfactory perception system in Periplaneta americana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:687-701. [PMID: 28719023 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is an urban pest with a precise chemosensory system that helps it achieve complex physiological behaviours, including locating food and mating. However, its chemosensory mechanisms have not been well studied. Here, we identified 71 putative odorant carrier protein genes in P. americana, including 57 new odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs). To identify their physiological functions, we investigated their tissue expression patterns in antennae, mouthparts, legs, and the remainder of the body of both sexes, and determined that most of these genes were expressed in chemosensory organs. A phylogenetic tree showed that the putative pheromone-binding proteins of P. americana were in different clades from those of moths. Two genes, PameOBP24 and PameCSP7, were expressed equally in antennae of both sexes and highly expressed amongst the OBPs and CSPs. These genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and the resultant proteins were purified. The binding affinities of 74 common odorant compounds were tested with recombinant PameOBP24 and PameCSP7. Both proteins bound a variety of ligands. Our findings provide a foundation for future research into the chemosensory mechanisms of P. americana and help in identifying potential target genes for managing this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Z-Q Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-F Zhang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - L Chen
- The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, Guizhou Medical University, Guian, Guizhou, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-N Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - M He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
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12
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Li ZQ, Zhang S, Cai XM, Luo JY, Dong SL, Cui JJ, Chen ZM. Three odorant binding proteins may regulate the behavioural response of Chrysopa pallens to plant volatiles and the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:255-265. [PMID: 28247518 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Chrysopa pallens release is a well-known method for suppressing aphids, but it is difficult to establish lacewing populations in the field. Understanding the functions of C. pallens odorant-binding proteins (CpalOBPs) and behavioural responses of C. pallens to plant volatiles and aphid alarm pheromone (E)-ß-farnesene has important implications for population establishment after lacewing release. Based on our previous study, five antennae-enriched CpalOBPs were selected. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these five CpalOBPs were Classic OBPs and separated into different clades. Of them, CpalOBP10 clustered in the same clade with aphid OBP7, which mediates the perception of green leaf volatiles and (E)-ß-farnesene. Ligand-binding assays showed 31 compounds, including plant-derived compounds, pest-induced volatiles and (E)-ß-farnesene, had high binding affinities for at least one of these five CpalOBPs. Of the 31 compounds, the pest-induced volatiles (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate and 2-hexyl-1-decanol, used in host location by the black bean aphid, elicited significant attractive behavioural responses from C. pallens. Conversely, (E)-ß-farnesene elicited strongly repellent behavioural responses. It is conceivable that C. pallens utilizes plant-derived compounds, pest-induced volatiles and (E)-ß-farnesene as foraging cues. Our studies provide new insights into the interrelationships amongst C. pallens, its prey and the host plants. Compounds that elicited significant behavioural responses from C. pallens were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Q Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - X-M Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - J-Y Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - S-L Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - J-J Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Z-M Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Wu S, Huang Z, Rebeca CL, Zhu X, Guo Y, Lin Q, Hu X, Wang R, Liang G, Guan X, Zhang F. De novo characterization of the pine aphid Cinara pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang transcriptome and analysis of genes relevant to pesticides. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178496. [PMID: 28570707 PMCID: PMC5453536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pine aphid Cinara pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang is the main pine pest in China, it causes pine needles to produce dense dew (honeydew) which can lead to sooty mold (black filamentous saprophytic ascomycetes). Although common chemical and physical strategies are used to prevent the disease caused by C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang, new strategies based on biological and/or genetic approaches are promising to control and eradicate the disease. However, there is no information about genomics, proteomics or transcriptomics to allow the design of new control strategies for this pine aphid. We used next generation sequencing technology to sequence the transcriptome of C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang and built a transcriptome database. We identified 80,259 unigenes assigned for Gene Ontology (GO) terms and information for a total of 11,609 classified unigenes was obtained in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs). A total of 10,806 annotated unigenes were analyzed to identify the represented biological pathways, among them 8,845 unigenes matched with 228 KEGG pathways. In addition, our data describe propagative viruses, nutrition-related genes, detoxification related molecules, olfactory related receptors, stressed-related protein, putative insecticide resistance genes and possible insecticide targets. Moreover, this study provides valuable information about putative insecticide resistance related genes and for the design of new genetic/biological based strategies to manage and control C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Liu Z, Smagghe G, Lei Z, Wang JJ. Identification of Male- and Female-Specific Olfaction Genes in Antennae of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147783. [PMID: 26845547 PMCID: PMC4741523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is a species of tephritid fruit fly, endemic to Southeast Asia but also introduced to many regions of the US, and it is one of the major pest species with a broad host range of cultivated and wild fruits. Although males of B. dorsalis respond strongly to methyl eugenol and this is used for monitoring and estimating populations, the molecular mechanism of the oriental fruit fly olfaction has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in this project, using next generation sequencing technologies, we sequenced the transcriptome of the antennae of male and female adults of B. dorsalis. We identified a total of 20 candidate odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 5 candidate chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 35 candidate odorant receptors (ORs), 12 candidate ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 4 candidate sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The sex-specific expression of these genes was determined and a subset of 9 OR genes was further characterized by qPCR with male and female antenna, head, thorax, abdomen, leg and wing samples. In the male antennae, 595 genes showed a higher expression, while 128 genes demonstrated a higher expression in the female antennae. Interestingly, 2 ORs (BdorOR13 and BdorOR14) were highly and specifically expressed in the antennae of males, and 4 ORs (BdorOR13, BdorOR16, BdorOR18 and BdorOR35) clustered with DmOR677, suggesting pheromone reception. We believe this study with these antennae-enriched OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs can play an important role in the detection of pheromones and general odorants, and so in turn our data improve our current understanding of insect olfaction at the molecular level and provide important information for disrupting the behavior of the oriental fruit fly using chemical communication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhongren Lei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang F, Zhang X, Zhang S, Guo S, Zhu G, Liu Q, Li M. Transcriptome and Expression Patterns of Chemosensory Genes in Antennae of the Parasitoid Wasp Chouioia cunea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148159. [PMID: 26841106 PMCID: PMC4739689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chouioia cunea Yang is an endoparasitic wasp that attacks pupae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury), an invasive moth species that severely damages forests in China. Chemosensory systems of insects are used to detect volatile chemical odors such as female sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. The antennae of parasite wasps are important for host detection and other sensory-mediated behaviors. We identified and documented differential expression profiles of chemoreception genes in C. cunea antennae. A total of 25 OBPs, 80 ORs, 10 IRs, 11 CSP, 1 SNMPs, and 17 GRs were annotated from adult male and female C. cunea antennal transcriptomes. The expression profiles of 25 OBPs, 16 ORs, and 17 GRs, 5 CSP, 5 IRs and 1 SNMP were determined by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR for the antenna, head, thorax, and abdomen of male and female C. cunea. A total of 8 OBPs, 14 ORs, and 8 GRs, 1 CSP, 4 IRs and 1 SNMPs were exclusively or primarily expressed in female antennae. These female antennal-specific or dominant expression profiles may assist in locating suitable host and oviposition sites. These genes will provide useful targets for advanced study of their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengzhu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- Natural Enemy Breeding Center of Luohe Central South Forestry, 462000, Henan, China
| | - Shilong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Gengping Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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