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Gao X, Cao S, Chen R, Fei F, Li W, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Liu B. A Comprehensive Biochemical Characterization of Hybrid Grouper Larvae ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) during Yolk-Sac Larval Development. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3801. [PMID: 38136838 PMCID: PMC10740658 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the shifts in the biochemical composition of hybrid grouper during the early larval stages, we collected samples at various developmental milestones, spanning from newly hatched larvae (stage I) to 4 days after hatching (stage V). Our findings revealed several notable trends: (1) The total length of hybrid grouper larvae exhibited a significant increase as the yolk-sac absorption progressed from stage I to V. Concurrently, there was a marked decrease in yolk volume and oil volume during the transition from stage I to III, followed by a gradual decline from stage III to V. (2) Dry weight and total lipid content displayed a rapid reduction throughout the larval development period, while the total protein content exhibited a declining trend. (3) The concentrations of triacylglycerols and wax esters/steryl esters decreased considerably, particularly at stage V. However, no differences were observed among the contents of ketones, hydrocarbons, and sterols. (4) As yolk-sac larvae developed from stage I to V, a significant reduction was observed in the levels of essential amino acids (EAAs), such as leucine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, serine, proline, and tyrosine. This trend was also observed for non-EAAs and total amino acids, with fluctuations in the content of other amino acids. (5) There was a significant decrease in the levels of specific fatty acids, including C16:0, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), C18:0, 18:1n-9, and C20:4n-6. In contrast, the contents of C22:6n-3, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as well as the DHA/EPA ratio, remained stable from stage I to III but declined thereafter. (6) During the early developmental stages, the utilization sequence of fatty acids followed a pattern of prioritizing SFAs, followed by MUFAs, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA. These findings provide further insights into the nutritional priorities of hybrid grouper larvae during their early development, with a particular emphasis on lipids and fatty acids as vital energy sources. Additionally, our results highlight variations in the efficiency of utilization among different types of fatty acids, while protein utilization remained relatively stable, characterized by the selective consumption of amino acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuquan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rongjie Chen
- Laizhou Marine Development and Fisheries Service Center, Yantai 261400, China;
| | - Fan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.G.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (W.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Wang C, Lei B, Liu Y. An Analysis of a Transposable Element Expression Atlas during 27 Developmental Stages in Porcine Skeletal Muscle: Unveiling Molecular Insights into Pork Production Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3581. [PMID: 38003198 PMCID: PMC10668843 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of porcine skeletal muscle determine pork quality and yield. While genetic regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development has been extensively studied using various omics data, the role of transposable elements (TEs) in this context has been less explored. To bridge this gap, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of TE expression throughout the developmental stages of porcine skeletal muscle. This was achieved by integrating porcine TE genomic coordinates with whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq data from 27 developmental stages. We discovered that in pig skeletal muscle, active Tes are closely associated with active epigenomic marks, including low levels of DNA methylation, high levels of chromatin accessibility, and active histone modifications. Moreover, these TEs include 6074 self-expressed TEs that are significantly enriched in terms of muscle cell development and myofibril assembly. Using the TE expression data, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified a module that is significantly associated with muscle tissue development as well as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the signals of pig meat and carcass traits. Within this module, we constructed a TE-mediated gene regulatory network by adopting a unique multi-omics integration approach. This network highlighted several established candidate genes associated with muscle-relevant traits, including HES6, CHRNG, ACTC1, CHRND, MAMSTR, and PER2, as well as novel genes like ENSSSCG00000005518, ENSSSCG00000033601, and PIEZO2. These novel genes hold promise for regulating muscle-related traits in pigs. In summary, our research not only enhances the TE-centered dissection of the genetic basis underlying pork production traits, but also offers a general approach for constructing TE-mediated regulatory networks to study complex traits or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China
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Zhao C, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhu X, Li D, Ji J, Luo J, Cui J. Variation of Helicoverpa armigera symbionts across developmental stages and geographic locations. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251627. [PMID: 37744901 PMCID: PMC10513443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) poses a global problem, causing substantial economic and ecological losses. Endosymbionts in insects play crucial roles in multiple insect biological processes. However, the interactions between H. armigera and its symbionts have not been well characterized to date. We investigated the symbionts of H. armigera in the whole life cycle from different geographical locations. In the whole life cycle of H. armigera, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level, while Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Glutamicibacter, and Bacillus were the four dominant bacteria at the genus level. Furthermore, high similarity in symbiotic bacterial community was observed in different stages of H. armigera, which were dominated by Enterococcus and Enterobacter. In fields, the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas, in the laboratory, the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in cotton bollworm eggs of wild populations were Enterobacter, Morganella, Lactococcus, Asaia, Apibacter, and Enterococcus, and the subdominant bacteria were Bartonella, Pseudomonas, and Orbus. Moreover, the symbionts varied with geographical locations, and the closer the geographical distance, the more similar the microbial composition. Taken together, our study identifies and compares the symbiont variation along with geographical gradients and host development dynamic and reveals the high flexibility of microbiome communities in H. armigera, which probably benefits for the successful survival in a complicated changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Liu X, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang C, Sun X, Zhu Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Liu Y. Age-associated changes in the growth development of abdominal fat and their correlations with cecal gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102900. [PMID: 37406441 PMCID: PMC10466292 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess abdominal fat is a common phenomenon in broiler chickens. Gut microbiota could regulate lipid metabolism through their effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between abdominal fat development and cecal microorganism populations. Abdominal fat and cecum contents were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age. The results showed that abdominal fat weight increased with age. The abdominal fat percentage was higher between 7 and 21 d of age than at 3 d (P < 0.05), and it increased again at 28 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Morphological analysis showed that adipocyte diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly after 14 d of age (P < 0.05). Moreover, gut microbiota analysis indicated that the Chao1 and Shannon indices were higher between 14 and 28 d than at 3 d of age (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LEfse analysis revealed that Faecalibacterium, Anaerotruncus, Anaeroplasma, Subdoligranulum, and Clostridium emerged to become dominant at 14 d. A greater abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Dehalobacterium, and Lactobacillus were determined at 28 d when compared with 14 d of age. Parabacteroides, Ochrobactrum, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Alistipes, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Suuterella were found to be predominant at 42 d. PICRUSt analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and terpenoids and polyketides metabolism were elevated at 14 d; the immune and digestive systems were significantly developed at 28 d. In addition, cecum propionic acid and butyric acid contents gradually increased (P < 0.05), while the isobutyric acid contents gradually decreased with advancing age (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis among SCFAs, differential genera and abdominal fat suggested that Coprobacillus, Shigella, and Butyricicoccus had negative correlations with propionic acid, butyric acid, and abdominal fat weight, but positive correlations with isobutyric acid. Isobutyric acid was identified as being negatively associated with abdominal fat weight, while the reverse was found for propionic acid and butyric acid. In conclusion, abdominal fat development is correlated with the emergence of specific microbes and d 14 may be a pivotal age for establishing this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- Shanxi Dayu Biological Functions Co., Ltd., Yuncheng, Shanxi, China; DAYU Bioengineering (Xi'an) Industrial Development Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Liu J, Yang C, Bai M, Yan F, Qin H, Wang R, Wan Y, Li G. Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of different organs at various development stages in Caragana intermedia. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1155-1164. [PMID: 36185405 PMCID: PMC9483831 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a technique widely used to investigate the expression of genes. An appropriate reference gene (RG) is essential for RT-qPCR analysis to obtain accurate and reliable results. Caragana intermedia plays an important role in afforestation as a bush. However, due to the lack of appropriate RGs, the research on development-related genes is limited. In this study, the selection for suitable RGs of different organs at various development stages to normalize the results of RT-qPCR about development-related genes was performed. To test the expression stability across all samples, we used the software algorithms such as geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder to evaluate all the candidate RGs. Our results showed that CiEF1α was the most stable RG with little fluctuation among all samples. In addition, CiGAPDH in roots, CiSKIP1 in stems and leaves, and CiEF1α in different organs were selected as the most stable RGs. To confirm the applicability of the most stable RGs, the relative expression of CiWRKY17 was normalized using different candidate RGs. Taken together, our research laid a foundation for the study of development-related genes in C. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center, Ordos 017010, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China.,Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Mengshu Ecological Construction Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011517, P.R. China.,Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Plant Gene Resources Mining and Molecular Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
| | - Guojing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R. China
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Abstract
Currently, research on the effects of microplastics (MPs) in biofilms has mainly been focused on the mature biofilm communities, with a lack of sufficient details on the influence on different development stages of biofilms. Proteus and 1 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), which are widely found in the environment, were selected as the research objects to explore the effects of microplastics on biofilms at different developmental stages. In our study, the effects of PS-MPs on biofilm biomass, extracellular polymer composition(EPS), and extracellular enzyme activity were investigated using an exposure test. Our results showed that the effect of PS-MPs on biofilms at different stages was similar, but the effect was significantly reduced with the development of biofilms. Biofilms at different development stages had different sensitivities to microplastics. In the reversible attachment stage, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of EPS composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and extracellular enzyme activity were significantly lower than those in other stages; however, the NOEC of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were similar. This may be the result of ROS-mediated protein oxidation, which can be reduced but not completely eliminated by EPS in other stages of biofilm. This indicates that PS-MPs has a low toxic effect on biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yi-Ting Qi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Duo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yan-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Li W, Gao Y, Hu Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Shi S. Field Cage Assessment of Feeding Damage by Riptortus pedestris on Soybeans in China. Insects 2021; 12:255. [PMID: 33802992 PMCID: PMC8002668 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major pest of soybeans. In order to assess the critical stages of soybean damage by R. pedestris, we tested the damage to soybeans at different growth stages (R2, R4, and R6) caused by five densities of R. pedestris (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) through a field cage experiment. The results show that the R4 stage was the most sensitive stage in terms of suffering R. pedestris injury damage, followed by the R6 stage and then the R2 stage. The number of stay green leaves was 7.04 per plant, the abortive pod rate of the soybeans was 56.36%, and the abortive seed rate of the soybeans was 46.69%. The dry weight of the soybeans was 14.20 g at the R4 stage; these values of R4 were significantly higher than at the R2 and R6 stages. However, the dry weight of soybean seed was 4.27 g and the nutrient transfer rate was 27.01% in the R4 stage; these values were significantly lower than in the R2 and R6 stages. The number of stay green leaves, abortive pod rates, and abortive seed rates were all increased significantly with increasing pest density at each stage of soybean growth. However, the nutrient transfer rate was significantly decreased with the increase in the pest density. Soybean nutrition factors changed after they suffered R. pedestris injury; the lipid content of the soybean seed decreased and the lipid content of the soybean plant increased compared to controls, when tested with a density of five R. pedestris in the R4 stage. These results will be beneficial to the future management of R. pedestris in soybean fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Yinglu Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Juhong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shusen Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (W.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
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Chelghoum M, Guenane H, Harrat M, Yousfi M. Total Tocopherols, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids Content Variation of Pistacia atlantica from Different Organs' Crude Oils and Their Antioxidant Activity during Development Stages. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000117. [PMID: 32558253 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of developmental stages on the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of fifteen crude oil samples obtained from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves, galls, and fruits. Twelve fatty acids were detected by GC/FID, linolenic acid (C18 : 3) was the major fatty acid detected in leaves crude oils that registered [41.73 % (P<0.05)] on the last stage. The best content of tocopherols and carotenoids was recorded at the last stage for leaves and galls oils, respectively, with values of [1.530±0.01, 0.52±0.01 (P<0.05) mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g DW] and [86.60±0.95, 69.15±0.13 (P<0.05) μg β-carotene equivalent/g DW]. For fruits oils, the content varied depending on the levels of fruits maturation. The results from DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays revealed that the antioxidant activity increased with the increasing content of tocopherols and carotenoids in leaves and galls oils during development stages, and varied for fruits oils depending on the ripening stages. Moreover, according to PCA analysis, the best phytoconstituent content and antioxidant activity were attributed to P. atlantica Desf. fruit's crude oils. Also, a strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity and bioactive phytochemical components, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and omega-three fatty acid, which confirmed that P. atlantica Desf. crude oils present a valuable source of natural antioxidant that could be used for pharmaceutical and food industries purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Chelghoum
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, 03000, Laghouat, Algérie
| | - Hamid Guenane
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, 03000, Laghouat, Algérie
| | - Mohamed Harrat
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, 03000, Laghouat, Algérie
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, 03000, Laghouat, Algérie
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9
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Zhao C, Zhao H, Zhang S, Luo J, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao P, Hua H, Cui J. The Developmental Stage Symbionts of the Pea Aphid-Feeding Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2454. [PMID: 31736900 PMCID: PMC6839393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) is widely recognized as an important holometabolous natural enemy of various insect pests in different cropping systems and as a non-target surrogate in environmental risk assessment of Bt rice (i.e., genetically modified rice to express a toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis). Like other complex organisms, abundant microbes live inside C. sinica; however, to date, microbiome composition and diversity of the whole life cycle in C. sinica has not yet been well characterized. In the current study, we analyze the composition and biodiversity of microbiota across the whole life cycle of C. sinica by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Collectively, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the microenvironment at all stages, but their relative abundances fluctuated by host developmental stage. Interestingly, eggs, neonates, and adults shared similar microbes, including an abundance of Rickettsia and Wolbachia. After larva feeding, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Serratia were enriched in larvae and pupa, suggesting that food may serve as a major factor contributing to altered microbial community divergence at different developmental stages. Our findings demonstrated that C. sinica harbor a variety of bacteria, and that dynamic changes in community composition and relative abundances of members of its microbiome occur during different life cycle stages. Evaluating the role of these bacterial symbionts in this natural enemy may assist in developing environmental risk assessments and novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Chang YW, Zhang XX, Lu MX, Du YZ, Zhu-Salzman K. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in the Invasive Leaf Miner Fly, Liriomyza trifolii. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100775. [PMID: 31623413 PMCID: PMC6826454 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise numerous proteins with diverse structure and function. As molecular chaperones, they play essential roles in various biological processes, especially under thermal stresses. In this study, we identified three sHSP-encoding genes, LtHSP19.5, LtHSP20.8 and LtHSP21.7b from Liriomyza trifolii, an important insect pest of ornamental and vegetable crops worldwide. Putative proteins encoded by these genes all contain a conserved α-crystallin domain that is typical of the sHSP family. Their expression patterns during temperature stresses and at different insect development stages were studied by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, the expression patterns were compared with those of LtHSP21.3 and LtHSP21.7, two previously published sHSPs. When pupae were exposed to temperatures ranging from −20 to 45 °C for 1 h, all LtsHSPs were strongly induced by either heat or cold stresses, but the magnitude was lower under the low temperature range than high temperatures. Developmentally regulated differential expression was also detected, with pupae and prepupae featuring the highest expression of sHSPs. Results suggest that LtsHSPs play a role in the development of the invasive leaf miner fly and may facilitate insect adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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11
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He Y, Pantigoso HA, Wu Z, Vivanco JM. Co-inoculation of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas putida at different development stages acts as a biostimulant to promote growth, yield and nutrient uptake of tomato. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:196-207. [PMID: 30955229 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study builds upon the premise that roots culture distinct bacteria at specific stages of plant growth to benefit of specific microbial services needed at that particular growth stage. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the co-inoculation of beneficial microbes with distinct properties at specific stages of plant development would enhance plant performance. METHODS AND RESULTS The chosen microbes were Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mojavensis and Pseudomonas putida. These microbes were selected based on their specific services ranging from nutrient solubilization, root growth promotion and disease resistance, and were applied to the roots of tomato plants at specific time points when those services were needed the most by the plant. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation at specific stages of development compared to single microbial applications. CONCLUSION In general, the combination of three microbes gave the highest biomass and yield without the presence of disease. Applications of three microbes showed the highest root/shoot ratio, and applications of four microbes the lowest ratio. Pseudomonas putida significantly increased fruit macronutrient and micronutrient contents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our studies suggest that co-inoculation of three or four microbes is a good strategy for healthy crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China.,Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H A Pantigoso
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Z Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - J M Vivanco
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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12
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Fang D, Hao P, Wang Z, Hao J. Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of CO₂ Emissions and Verification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16060944. [PMID: 30884750 PMCID: PMC6466088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in economic development stage and growth type will lead to variations in the CO2 emissions. Traditional empirical analysis of the variations often only considers the impact of influencing factors on CO2 emissions from a single dimension. Under the background of China’s economy transferring from high-speed growth to high-quality development, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of the relevant influencing factors under different development stages and growth rates, and further calculates the panel gray incidence degree between CO2 emissions and these influencing factors in eastern, central, and western China. Based on the different development conditions, corresponding benchmarks of the indicators for the three regions (eastern, western, and central China) are accordingly set, highlighting the unity as well as the uniqueness between different regions. Furthermore, this paper verifies the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the three regions. The result shows that all the factors of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Intensity, Urbanization Level, and Trade Openness have a high correlation with CO2 emissions in the three regions, in which CO2 emissions are all between the two inflection points of the inverted N-shaped model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Fang
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Peng Hao
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jian Hao
- School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
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13
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Peng ML, Li SN, He QQ, Zhao JL, Li LL, Ma HT. Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1210-1219. [PMID: 29806083 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS-QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L-glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2-oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L-glutamine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S N Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Q He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Wang Z, Lu Y, Cheng D. The Divergence in Bacterial Components Associated with Bactrocera dorsalis across Developmental Stages. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29449838 PMCID: PMC5799270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbiotas at the macroscale level are largely driven by ecological variables. The diet and living environment of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, diversify during development, providing a natural system to explore convergence, divergence, and repeatability in patterns of microbiota dynamics as a function of the host diet, phylogeny, and environment. Here, we characterized the microbiotas of 47 B. dorsalis individuals from three distinct populations by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. A significant deviation was found within the larvae, pupae, and adults of each population. Pupae were characterized by an increased bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity. Principal components analysis showed that the microbiotas of larvae, pupae, and adults clearly separated into three clusters. Acetobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were the predominant families in larval and adult samples, and PICRUSt analysis indicated that phosphoglycerate mutases and transketolases were significantly enriched in larvae, while phosphoglycerate mutases, transketolases, and proteases were significantly enriched in adults, which may support the digestive function of the microbiotas in larvae and adults. The abundances of Intrasporangiaceae, Dermabacteraceae (mainly Brachybacterium) and Brevibacteriaceae (mainly Brevibacterium) were significantly higher in pupae, and the antibiotic transport system ATP-binding protein and antibiotic transport system permease protein pathways were significantly enriched there as well, indicating the defensive function of microbiotas in pupae. Overall, differences in the microbiotas of the larvae, pupae, and adults are likely to contribute to differences in nutrient assimilation and living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhao
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenshi Chen
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daifeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Grouped Microorganism Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Chen DS, Sun XM, Zhang SG. [Biomass, carbon storage and nutrient characteristics in Larix kaempferi plantations at diffe-rent stand ages]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2016; 27:3759-3768. [PMID: 29704332 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on 7-, 17-, 30-, and 40-year-old Larix kaempferi plantations, this paper studied the influence of tree age on biomass, carbon storage and nutrient characteristics. There was significant difference in biomass and nutrient concentration of stem, bark, needle, branch and root at different development stages at individual tree level. The biomass of each organ showed a trend of increase with the increasing age. The concentrations of N, P, K decreased, Mg concentration increased at first and then decreased, and Ca concentration continued to rise with the increasing age. There was significant difference in biomass of each organ for dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees, but no significant difference in nutrient concentration. It indicated that nutrient concentration of each organ was not affected by competition. At stand level, the total biomass, carbon storage and nutrient accumulation increased with the increasing age. Compared with young stand, the growth rate of biomass, carbon storage and nutrient accumulation were increased by 217%, 218% and 56% in mature stand, respectively. It indicated L. kaempferi had a high nutrient use efficiency, and could utilize less nutrient to produce more dry matter. Except that the accumulation of P and K had a slight decrease in pre-mature stand (30 years old), other elements increased with the increasing age. N mainly concentrated in needle, Ca concentrated in stem, K and Mg concentrated in root and P was distributed evenly in different organs. The annual accumulation rates of biomass, carbon and nutrient of L. kaempferi stands decreased with the increasing age, from 7.16 t·hm-2, 3.40 t·hm-2 and 104.64 kg·hm-2 for young stand to 3.99 t·hm-2, 1.89 t·hm-2and 28.64 kg·hm-2 for mature stand, respectively. It indicated that L. kaempferi plantations had great carbon sequestration potential and high nutrient consumption during young and middle ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sheng Chen
- State Forestry Admini-stration Key Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao Mei Sun
- State Forestry Admini-stration Key Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shou Gong Zhang
- State Forestry Admini-stration Key Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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16
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Yu ZH, Han YN, Xiao XG. A PPO Promoter from Betalain-Producing Red Swiss Chard, Directs Petiole- and Root-Preferential Expression of Foreign Gene in Anthocyanins-Producing Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27032-43. [PMID: 26569235 PMCID: PMC4661869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1670 bp 5'-flanking region of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene was isolated from red Swiss chard, a betalain-producing plant. This region, named promoter BvcPPOP, and its 5'-truncated versions were fused with the GUS gene and introduced into Arabidopsis, an anthocyanins-producing plant. GUS histochemical staining and quantitative analysis of transgenic plants at the vegetative and reproductive stages showed that BvcPPOP could direct GUS gene expression in vegetative organs with root- and petiole-preference, but not in reproductive organs including inflorescences shoot, inflorescences leaf, flower, pod and seed. This promoter was regulated by developmental stages in its driving strength, but not in expression pattern. It was also regulated by the abiotic stressors tested, positively by salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) but negatively by abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), NaCl and OH(-). Its four 5'-truncated versions varied in the driving strength, but not obviously in expression pattern, and even the shortest version (-225 to +22) retained the root- and petiole- preference. This promoter is, to our knowledge, the first PPO promoter cloned and functionally elucidated from the betalain-producing plant, and thus provides not only a useful tool for expressing gene(s) of agricultural interest in vegetative organs, but also a clue to clarify the function of metabolism-specific PPO in betalain biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xing-Guo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Masuda H, Hirota S, Ushiyama A, Hirata A, Arima T, Kawai H, Wake K, Watanabe S, Taki M, Nagai A, Ohkubo C. No Dynamic Changes in Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Occur in Developing Rats During Local Cortex Exposure to Microwaves. In Vivo 2015; 29:351-357. [PMID: 25977380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) on cerebral microcirculation during rat developmental stages. We investigated whether the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in juvenile and young adult rats was modified during local cortex exposure to RF under non-thermal conditions. The cortex tissue targeted was locally exposed to 1457 MHz RF at an average specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg in the target area for 50 min and permeability changes in the BBB of the pia mater were measured directly, using intravital fluorescence microscopy. There was no significant difference in extravasation of intravenously-injected dye between exposed and sham-exposed groups of either category of rats. No histological evidence of albumin leakage was found in any of the brains just after exposure, indicating that no traces of BBB disruption remained. These findings suggest that no dynamic changes occurred in BBB permeability of the rats at either of these developmental stages, even during local RF exposure at non-thermal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirota
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Ushiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hirata
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuji Arima
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawai
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Taki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Zhu YQ, Yu CX, Li Y, Zhu QQ, Zhou L, Cao C, Yu TT, Du FP. Research on the changes in wettability of rice (Oryza sativa.) leaf surfaces at different development stages using the OWRK method. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:462-469. [PMID: 23765738 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A good knowledge in wetting behavior of pesticide spray liquid on plant surface is crucial to spray applications. Difference in leaf surface wettability would result in obvious changes in spray wetting behavior. The aim of this paper is to obtain the changes of wettability during different growth periods. RESULTS The contact angle (CA) of rice leaf for each liquid increased with rice growth. No significant difference was found between cultivars. The CA was found to be correlated with the polar component of liquid surface tension. The square of the polar component was also found to be highly significant indicating that the relationship between these two properties was not a simple linear one. The surface energy of each plant surface decreased as the plants aged. This was also true of each part of the surface energy. However, no obvious difference on the proportion of the components was found among different cultivars and stages. CONCLUSIONS The changes in value of CA and surface free energy (SFE) both reflect the changes of the leaf surface wettability, while the SFE value shows better in wettability characterizing. Obvious rice leaf wettability changes were found on different development stages, which may be beneficial for researches in agrochemical sprays wetting and spreading behavior. Factors influencing these alterations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-qiu Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R., China
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Yin Y, Zhang X, Fang Y, Pan L, Sun G, Xin C, Ba Abdullah MM, Yu X, Hu S, Al-Mssallem IS, Yu J. High-throughput sequencing-based gene profiling on multi-staged fruit development of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.). Plant Mol Biol 2012; 78:617-626. [PMID: 22351158 PMCID: PMC3313043 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Date palm provides both staple food and gardening for the Middle East and North African countries for thousands of years. Its fruits have diversified significantly, such as nutritional content, size, length, weight color, and ripping process. Dates palm represent an excellent model system for the study of fruit development and diversity of fruit-bearing palm species that produce the most versatile fruit types as compared to other plant families. Using Roche/454 GS FLX instrument, we acquired 7.6 million sequence tags from seven fruiting stages (F1-F7). Over 99% of the raw reads are assembled, and the numbers of isotigs (equivalent to transcription units or unigenes) range from 30,684 to 40,378 during different fruiting stages. We annotated isotigs using BLASTX and BLASTN, and mapped 74% of the isotigs to known functional sequences or genes. Based on gene ontology categorization and pathway analysis, we have identified 10 core cell division genes, 18 ripening related genes, and 7 starch metabolic enzymes, which are involved as nutrition storage and sugar/starch metabolisms. We noticed that many metabolic pathways vary significantly during fruit development, and carbohydrate metabolism (especially sugar synthesis) is particularly prominent during fruit ripening. Transcriptomics study on various fruiting stages of date palm shows complicated metabolic activities during fruit development, ripening, synthesis and accumulation of starch enzymes and other related sugars. Most Genes are highly expressed in early stages of development, while late developmental stages are critical for fruit ripening including most of the metabolism associated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yin
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Sun
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Chengqi Xin
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammed M. Ba Abdullah
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoguang Yu
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahim S. Al-Mssallem
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hssa, Hofuf Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yu
- Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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