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Zhao WJ, Li Y, Jiao ZL, Su PP, Yang LB, Sun CQ, Xiu JF, Shang XL, Guo G. Function analysis and characterisation of a novel chitinase, MdCht9, in Musca domestica. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:157-172. [PMID: 38160324 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Insect chitinases have been proposed as potential targets for pest control. In this work, a novel group IV chitinase gene, MdCht9, from Musca domestica was found to have multiple functions in the physiological activity, including chitin regulation, development and antifungal immunity. The MdCht9 gene was cloned and sequenced, its phylogeny was analysed and its expression was determined in normal and 20E treated larvae. Subsequently, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated MdCht9 knockdown was performed, followed by biochemical assays, morphological observations and transcriptome analysis. Finally, the recombinant protein MdCht9 (rMdCht9) was purified and tested for anti-microbial activity and enzyme characteristics. The results showed that MdCht9 consists of three domains, highly expressed in a larval salivary gland. RNAi silencing of MdCht9 resulted in significant down-regulation of chitin content and expression of 15 chitin-binding protein (CBP) genes, implying a new insight that MdCht9 might regulate chitin content by influencing the expression of CBPs. In addition, more than half of the lethality and partial wing deformity appeared due to the dsMdCht9 treatment. In addition, the rMdCht9 exhibited anti-microbial activity towards Candida albicans (fungus) but not towards Escherichia coli (G-) or Staphylococcus aureus (G+). Our work expands on previous studies of chitinase while providing a potential target for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen-Long Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long-Bing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao-Qin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Xiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Chen Y, Tang H, Zhou W, Li C, Chen YN, Zhang Q, Fu KY, Guo WC, Shi JF. Identification of chitinase genes and roles in the larval-pupal transition of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:282-295. [PMID: 37671631 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect chitinases play crucial roles in degrading chitin in the extracellular matrix, affecting insect development and molting. However, our understanding of the specific functions of various chitinases in Leptinotarsa decemlineata is limited, hindering the deployment of novel gene-targeting technologies as pest management strategies. RESULTS We identified and characterized 19 full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of chitinase genes (LdChts) in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Despite having varying domain architectures, all these chitinases contained at least one chitinase catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis classified the chitinase proteins into ten distinct clusters (groups I-X). Expression profiles showed the highest expression in chitin-rich tissues or during specific developmental stages from the larva-to-pupa transition. Gene-specific RNA interference (RNAi) experiments provided valuable insight into chitinase gene function. Silencing of group II LdCht10 prevented larval-larval molting, larval-prepupal, and prepupal-pupal processes. Moreover, our study revealed that LdCht5, LdCht2, LdCht11, LdCht1, and LdCht3 from groups I and VII-X were specifically essential for the transition from prepupal to pupal stage, whereas LdIDGF2 from group V was necessary for the larval-prepupal metamorphic process. The chitinase gene LdCht7 from group III and LdIDGF4 from group V were involved in both the larva-to-prepupa and the prepupa-to-pupa shift. Additionally, our findings also shed light on the exclusive expression of nine chitinase genes within group IV in the digestive system, suggesting their potential role in regulating larval body weight and larva-to-pupa transition. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the functional specialization of chitinase genes during the molting process of various stages and identify potential targets for RNAi-based management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ji-Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Q, Xia T, Wang AY, Liu Y, Li NY, Yi L, Lu ZJ, Yu HZ. Alternative splicing of chitin deacetylase 2 regulates chitin and fatty acid metabolism in Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22050. [PMID: 37622383 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chitin plays an important role in the development and molting of insects. The key genes involved in chitin metabolism were considered promising targets for pest control. In this study, two splice variants of chitin deacetylase 2 (CDA2) from Diaphorina citri were identified, including DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b encoded 550 and 544 amino acid residues with a signal peptide, respectively. Spatio-temporal expression patterns analysis showed that DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b were highly expressed in D. citri wing and nymph stages. Moreover, DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b expression levels were induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Silencing DcCDA2a by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly disrupted the D. citri molting and increased D. citri mortality and malformation rate, whereas inhibition of DcCDA2b resulted in a semimolting phenotype. Furthermore, silencing DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b significantly suppressed D. citri chitin and fatty acid metabolism. Our results indicated that DcCDA2 might play crucial roles in regulating D. citri chitin and fatty acid metabolism, and it could be used as a potential target for controlling D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ai-Yun Wang
- Department of Citrus Pest Control, Fruit Bureau of Xinfeng County, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Long Yi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Citrus Pest Control, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Citrus Pest Control, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Citrus Pest Control, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, China
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Shen GM, Ma T, Chen XR, Chen L, Liu GM, Jie LY, Adang M, He L. Retinoid X receptor 1 is a specific lethal RNAi target disturbing chitin metabolism during hatching of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125458. [PMID: 37348587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can be developed as an alternative method of chemical pesticides for pest control. In this study, we noticed a specifically expressed gene (retinoid X receptor 1, TcRXR1) in the egg stage of T. cinnabarinus. RNAi was applied to investigate the function of TcRXR1. Results showed that with continuous feeding of dsTcRXR1, the larvae of T. cinnabarinus could still successfully develop to adult, which was in accordance with the low expression of TcRXR1 out of egg stage. High mortality of eggs was observed after eggs were treated with dsTcRXR1. To investigate the downstream genes of TcRXR1, the RNA samples after successful RNAi of TcRXR1 were analyzed by transcriptome analysis. According to function annotation of differentially expressed genes, 6 genes were selected for their potential function with the phenotype of dsTcRXR1, and among them, a chitinase gene (TcCHT-E) attained a high expression level in the late stage of egg, peaking just after the expression peak of TcRXR1. Mortality of eggs was observed under the effect of dsTcCHT-E as well as dsTcRXR1. In conclusion, TcRXR1 is a specific RNAi target for control of T. cinnabarinus, and its lethal mechanism might be disturbing chitin metabolism hatching of egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Mao Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Ru Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo-Yan Jie
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Adang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lin He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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An S, Liu W, Fu J, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Molecular identification of the chitinase genes in Aedes albopictus and essential roles of AaCht10 in pupal-adult transition. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:120. [PMID: 37005671 PMCID: PMC10068161 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an increasingly serious threat in public health due to it is vector of multiple arboviruses that cause devastating human diseases, as well as its widening distribution in recent years. Insecticide resistance is a serious problem worldwide that limits the efficacy of chemical control strategies against Ae. albopictus. Chitinase genes have been widely recognized as attractive targets for the development of effective and environmentally safe insect management measures. METHODS Chitinase genes of Ae. albopictus were identified and characterized on the basis of bioinformatics search of the referenced genome. Gene characterizations and phylogenetic relationships of chitinase genes were investigated, and spatio-temporal expression pattern of each chitinase gene was evaluated using qRT-PCR. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to suppress the expression of AaCht10, and the roles of AaCht10 were verified based on phynotype observations, chitin content analysis and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain of epidermis and midgut. RESULTS Altogether, 14 chitinase-related genes (12 chitinase genes and 2 IDGFs) encoding 17 proteins were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all these AaChts were classified into seven groups, and most of them were gathered into group IX. Only AaCht5-1, AaCht10 and AaCht18 contained both catalytic and chitin-binding domains. Different AaChts displayed development- and tissue-specific expression profiling. Suppression of the expression of AaCht10 resulted in abnormal molting, increased mortality, decreased chitin content and thinning epicuticle, procuticle and midgut wall of pupa. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study will aid in determining the biological functions of AaChts and also contribute to using AaChts as potential target for mosquito management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha An
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jingwen Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China.
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China.
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China.
- School of Laboratory Animal (Shandong Laboratory Animal Center), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, 250117, China.
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Wu ZZ, Zhang WY, Lin YZ, Li DQ, Shu BS, Lin JT. Genome-wide identification, characterization and functional analysis of the chitianse and chitinase-like gene family in Diaphorina citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1740-1748. [PMID: 34997800 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect chitinases play vital roles in postembryonic development, especially during the molting process, and are potential targets for the RNA interference (RNAi)-based insecticidal strategy. Systematic functional analyses of chitinase genes have already been conducted on numerous insect pests, but similar analyses have not been carried out on Diaphorina citri. RESULTS Eleven chitinase/chitinase-like genes and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) gene were identified in the Diaphorina citri genome using various bioinformatic tools. Transcriptomes of the integument and midgut from fifth-instar nymphs and freshly-emerged adults of Diaphorina citri were generated and sequenced. Potential functions of 12 chitinase/chitinase-like genes were examined during nymph-adult transitions. Four chitinase genes, including DcCht5, DcCht7, DcCht10-1 and DcCht10-2, were mainly expressed in the integument of fifth-instar nymphs. These four genes were also up-regulated significantly under 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatments. RNAi-mediated knockdown of these four genes suggests that they are essential for nymph-adult transition. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated essential roles of the chitinase/chitinase-like genes during the nymph-adult transition in Diaphorina citri, which are potentially useful targets for controlling the Diaphorina citri pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zhu Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Da-Qi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Ben-Shui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Jiao Z, Su P, Li Y, Zhao W, Yang L, Sun C, Xiu J, Shang X, Guo G. Identification and function analysis of chitinase 2 gene in housefly, Musca domestica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 259:110717. [PMID: 35017045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that play important roles in chitin degradation during the insect development process, and thus are considered as the potential targets for pest management. Here, we identified and characterized the group VII chitinase gene from health pest Musca domestica (MdCht2). We found that MdCht2 was 1932 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1530 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 509 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MdCht2 gene was homologs with other closed insects, and belong to the group VII chitinases. Moreover, Real-time PCR analysis indicated that MdCht2 mRNA was highly expressed in pupa stage, as well as in integument and trachea. However, RNAi-mediated knockdown of MdCht2 resulted in high mortality rates and abnormal eclosion. Therefore, we hypothesized that MdCht2 was a crucial gene required for housefly development, which was supported by the transcription level of MdCht2 could be induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and the dsMdCht2 could resulted in decrease of the chitinase activity and increase of the chitin content. Taken together, our findings suggested that MdCht2 regulated the chitin content via chitinases, thereby leading to abnormal development. Our results provide a potential target for M. domestica management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Jiao
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Peipei Su
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Lixia District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longbing Yang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoqin Sun
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiangfan Xiu
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoli Shang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo Guo
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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He JW, Dong ZW, Hu P, Liu W, Zhang R, Liu GC, Zhao RP, Wan WT, Wang W, Li XY. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome to Reveal Pupal Color Switch in Papilio xuthus Butterflies. Front Genet 2022; 12:795115. [PMID: 35186009 PMCID: PMC8852814 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.795115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupal color polyphenism in Papilio butterflies, including green, intermediate, or brown, is an excellent study system for understanding phenotypic plasticity. Previous studies suggested that development of brown pupae may be controlled by a hormone called pupal-cuticle-melanizing-hormone (PCMH) which is synthesized and secreted from brain-suboesophageal ganglion and prothoracic ganglion complexes (Br-SG-TG1) during the pre-pupa stage. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation in pupal color development remain unknown. In this study, we integrated the expression profiles of transcriptome and proteome at pre-pupa stages [2 h after gut purge (T1) and 3 h after forming the garter around the body (T2)] and pigmentation stages [10 h after ecdysis (T3) and 24 h after ecdysis (T4)] to identify important genes and pathways underlying the development of green and brown pupa in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. Combined comparisons of each developmental stage and each tissue under green and brown conditions, a total of 1042 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 430 different abundance proteins (DAPs) were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and enrichment analysis indicate that these DEGs were mainly related to oxidation-reduction, structural constituent of cuticle, and pigment binding. Soft clustering by Mfuzz and enrichment analysis indicate that these DAPs are mainly involved in tyrosine metabolism, insect hormone biosynthesis, and melanogenesis. By homologous alignment, we further identified those genes encoding neuropeptides (51), GPCRs (116), G-proteins (8), cuticular proteins (226), chitinases (16), and chitin deacetylases (8) in the whole genome of P. xuthus and analyzed their expression profiles. Although we identified no gene satisfying with hypothesized expression profile of PCMH, we found some genes in the neuropeptide cascade showed differentially expressed under two pupal color conditions. We also found that Toll signaling pathway genes, juvenile hormone (JH) related genes, and multiple cuticular proteins play important roles in the formation of selective pupal colors during the prepupal-pupal transition. Our data also suggest that both green and brown pupa include complex pigment system that is regulated by genes involved in black, blue, and yellow pigments. Our results provide important insights into the evolution of pupal protective colors among swallowtail butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wu He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Gui-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Wang, ; Xue-Yan Li,
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Wang, ; Xue-Yan Li,
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Cheng H, Shao Z, Lu C, Duan D. Genome-wide identification of chitinase genes in Thalassiosira pseudonana and analysis of their expression under abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33568068 PMCID: PMC7874618 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is found in the cell walls of diatoms, where it serves as a scaffold for biosilica deposition. Diatom chitin is an important source of carbon and nitrogen in the marine environment, but surprisingly little is known about basic chitinase metabolism in diatoms. RESULTS Here, we identify and fully characterize 24 chitinase genes from the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We demonstrate that their expression is broadly upregulated under abiotic stresses, despite the fact that chitinase activity itself remains unchanged, and we discuss several explanations for this result. We also examine the potential transcriptional complexity of the intron-rich T. pseudonana chitinase genes and provide evidence for two separate tandem duplication events during their evolution. CONCLUSIONS Given the many applications of chitin and chitin derivatives in suture production, wound healing, drug delivery, and other processes, new insight into diatom chitin metabolism has both theoretical and practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhanru Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, Qingdao, 266400, P. R. China.
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Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2744-2756. [PMID: 33101612 PMCID: PMC7560691 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide characterization of GH families is conducted for Mollusca. GH9, GH10, GH18 and GH20 families are remarkably expanded in molluscs. The wide adoption of CBMs likely facilitates the hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Hepatopancreas is the main organ for the prominent expression of GH families. Functional divergence of GH families possibly contributes to their adaptive roles.
The hydrolysis of sugar-containing compounds by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) plays essential roles in many major biological processes, but to date our systematic understanding of the functional diversity and evolution of GH families remains largely limited to a few well-studied terrestrial animals. Molluscs represent the largest marine phylum in the animal kingdom, and many of them are herbivorous that utilize algae as a main nutritional source, making them good subjects for studying the functional diversity and adaptive evolution of GH families. In the present study, we conducted genome-wide identification and functional and evolutionary analysis of all GH families across major molluscan lineages. We revealed that the remarkable expansion of the GH9, GH10, GH18 and GH20 families and the wide adoption of carbohydrate-binding modules in molluscan expanded GH families likely contributed to the efficient hydrolysis of marine algal polysaccharides and were involved in the consolidation of molluscan algae-feeding habits. Gene expression and network analysis revealed the hepatopancreas as the main organ for the prominent expression of approximately half of the GH families (well corresponding to the digestive roles of the hepatopancreas) and key or hub GHs in the coexpression gene network with potentially diverse functionalities. We also revealed the evolutionary signs of differential expansion and functional divergence of the GH family, which possibly contributed to lineage-specific adaptation. Systematic analysis of GH families at both genomic and transcriptomic levels provides important clues for understanding the functional divergence and evolution of GH gene families in molluscs in relation to their algae-feeding biology.
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11
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Zheng T, Zhang K, Sadeghnezhad E, Jiu S, Zhu X, Dong T, Liu Z, Guan L, Jia H, Fang J. Chitinase family genes in grape differentially expressed in a manner specific to fruit species in response to Botrytis cinerea. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7349-7363. [PMID: 32914265 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases (Chi), an important resistance-related protein, act against fungal pathogens by catalyzing the fungal cell wall, whereas are involved in different biological pathways in grape. In this study, we found 42 Chi family genes in Vitis vinifera L. (VvChis) and evaluated their expression levels after Botrytis infection, stress hormones like ethylene (ETH) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), and abiotic stresses like salinity and temperature changes in ripened fruits. VvChis were categorized into five groups including A, B, C, D, and E belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 18 and 19 (GH18 and GH19) according to genes structure, which expression analysis showed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns changed in different tissues and various development stages. Different responsive elements to biotic and abiotic stresses were determined in the promoter regions of VvChis, specially elicitor-responsive element that was conserved among all VvChis genes. The expression levels of VvChis in groups A, B, and E increased after Botrytis cinerea infection in leaves and berries. Meanwhile, VvChis in glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) were up-regulated under MeJA and ETH treatment, although the induction of VvChis by low temperature was more significant than high temperature. The expression of VvChis was also positively correlated with the concentration of NaCl treatment. Furthermore, differential gene-overexpression of VvChi5, VvChi17, VvChi22, VvChi26, and VvChi31 in strawberry and tomato fruits demonstrated the involvement of various isoforms in resistance to Botrytis infection through antioxidant system and lignin accumulation, which led to a reduction of damage. Among different isoforms of VvChis, we confirmed the interaction of Chi17 with Metallothionein (MTL) as oxidative stress protection, which suggests VvChis can modulate oxidative stress during postharvest storage in ripened fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kekun Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai City, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liu SH, Xia YD, Zhang Q, Li W, Li RY, Liu Y, Chen EH, Dou W, Stelinski LL, Wang JJ. Potential targets for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis using cuticle- and hormone-related genes revealed by a developmental transcriptome analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2127-2143. [PMID: 31951094 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an important agricultural pest and has developed resistance to many insecticides. To investigate vital genes participating in metamorphosis for development of additional control strategies, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis covering ten developmental stages of B. dorsalis was performed. RESULTS There were 2132, 952, 1062, 2301 and 1333 differentially expressed genes identified during hatching, 1st-instar larval molting, 2nd-instar larval molting, pupariation and emergence, respectively. Further expression analyses indicated that genes in hormone- (20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone) and cuticle- (chitin and cuticle protein) related pathways were essential for metamorphosis in B. dorsalis. Among chitinase (Cht) genes, BdCht-5, -8 and -10 were differentially expressed during larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult moltings. However, BdCht7 was differentially expressed during egg-larval and larval-larval moltings. Knockdown of BdCht7 at the 1st-instar larval stage disrupted normal development of larvae and was lethal to B. dorsalis. Among cuticle protein (CP) genes, 15 genes (BdCPLCG-1, BdCPLCP-2, BdCPAP1-B2, BdRR1-21, BdRR1-31, BdRR2-15, BdRR2-26, BdRR2-30, BdRR2-32, BdTweedle-9, BdTweedle-24, BdRR2-10, BdCPAP3-C1, BdRR1-34 and BdRR1-41) were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings. Among hormone-relative genes, BdJHBP-4, -9 and -13 were differentially expressed during all five types of moltings, whereas BdJHBP-5, -12 and BdHR4 were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings. CONCLUSION This study reveals critical genes involved in development and metamorphosis of B. dorsaslis, and BdCht7 is dispensable for larval survival. It also provides comprehensive transcriptome information for finding more molecular targets to control this pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Huo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Dan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu C, Shen N, Wu J, Jiang M, Shi S, Wang J, Wei Y, Yang L. Cloning, expression and characterization of a chitinase from Paenibacillus chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8964. [PMID: 32411515 PMCID: PMC7207210 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitinases are enzymes which degrade β-1,4-glycosidid linkages in chitin. The enzymatic degradation of shellfish waste (containing chitin) to chitooligosaccharides is used in industrial applications to generate high-value-added products from such waste. However, chitinases are currently produced with low efficiency and poor tolerance, limiting the industrial utility. Therefore, identifying chitinases with higher enzymatic activity and tolerance is of great importance. Methods Primers were designed using the genomic database of Paenibacillus chitinolyticus NBRC 15660. An exochitinase (CHI) was cloned into the recombinant plasmid pET-22b (+) to form pET-22b (+)-CHI, which was transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 to construct a genomic library. Transformation was confirmed by colony-polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The target sequence was verified by sequencing. Recombinant pET-22b (+)-CHI was transformed into E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) for expression of chitinase. Recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and enzymatic analysis was carried out. Results The exochitinase CHI from P. chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002 was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3). Purification yielded a 13.36-fold enrichment and recovery yield of 72.20%. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 750.64 mU mg-1. The optimum pH and temperature for degradation of colloidal chitin were 5.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed high stability, retaining >70% activity at pH 4.0-10.0 and 25-45 °C (maximum of 90 min). The activity of CHI strongly increased with the addition of Ca2+, Mn2+, Tween 80 and urea. Conversely, Cu2+, Fe3+, acetic acid, isoamyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-mercaptoethanol significantly inhibited enzyme activity. The oligosaccharides produced by CHI from colloidal chitin exhibited a degree of polymerization, forming N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and (GlcNAc)2 as products. Conclusions This is the first report of the cloning, heterologous expression and purification of a chitinase from P. chitinolyticus strain UMBR 0002. The results highlight CHI as a good candidate enzyme for green degradation of chitinous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Naikun Shen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Jiafa Wu
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Mingguo Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Songbiao Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Jinzi Wang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Yanye Wei
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
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Yang WJ, Xu KK, Yan Y, Li C, Jin DC. Role of Chitin Deacetylase 1 in the Molting and Metamorphosis of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072449. [PMID: 32244803 PMCID: PMC7177437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are chitin-modifying enzymes known to play vital roles in insect metamorphosis and development. In this study, we identified and characterized a chitin deacetylase1 gene (LsCDA1) from the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne. LsCDA1 contains a 1614 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 537 amino acids that includes domain structures typical of CDAs. LsCDA1 was mainly expressed in the late larval and late pupal stages. In larval tissues, the highest level of LsCDA1 was detected in the integument. The expression of LsCDA1 was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in vivo, and it was significantly suppressed by knocking down the expression of ecdysteroidogenesis genes and 20E signaling genes. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided silencing of LsCDA1 in fifth-instar larvae prevented the larval–pupal molt and caused 75% larval mortality. In the late pupal stage, depletion of LsCDA1 resulted in the inhibition of pupal growth and wing abnormalities, and the expression levels of four wing development-related genes (LsDY, LsWG, LsVG, and LsAP) were dramatically decreased. Meanwhile, the chitin contents of LsCDA1 RNAi beetles were significantly reduced, and expressions of three chitin synthesis pathway genes (LsTRE1, LsUAP1, and LsCHS1) were greatly decreased. The results suggest that LsCDA1 is indispensable for larval–pupal and pupal–adult molts, and that it is a potential target for the RNAi-based control of L. serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Kang-Kang Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.-C.J.)
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.-C.J.)
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15
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Immune Functional Analysis of Chitin Deacetylase 3 from the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010064. [PMID: 31861829 PMCID: PMC6981819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) is a chitin degradation enzyme that strictly catalyzes the deacetylation of chitin to form chitosan, which plays an important role in regulating growth and development, as well as the immune response. In this study, a chitin deacetylase 3 gene (CDA3) was identified with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1362 bp from the genome database of Diaphorina citri, encoding a protein of 453 amino acids. Spatiotemporal expression analysis suggested that D. citri CDA3 (DcCDA3) had the highest expression level in the integument and third-instar nymph stage. Furthermore, DcCDA3 expression level can be induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus induced the upregulation of DcCDA3 in the midgut, while DcCDA3 was downregulated in the fat body. After silencing DcCDA3 by RNA interference, there was no influence on the D. citri phenotype. In addition, bactericidal tests showed that recombinant DcCDA3 inhibited gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). In conclusion, our results suggest that DcCDA3 might play an important role in the immune response of D. citri.
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Bhat P, Pawaskar GM, Raval R, Cord-Landwehr S, Moerschbacher B, Raval K. Expression of Bacillus licheniformis chitin deacetylase in E. coli pLysS: Sustainable production, purification and characterisation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1008-1013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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