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Shahmohamadloo RS, Fryxell JM, Rudman SM. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance increases trait variation but is not adaptive. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589575. [PMID: 38659883 PMCID: PMC11042258 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding processes that can produce adaptive phenotypic shifts in response to rapid environmental change is critical to reducing biodiversity loss. The ubiquity of environmentally induced epigenetic marks has led to speculation that epigenetic inheritance could potentially enhance population persistence in response to environmental change. Yet, the magnitude and fitness consequences of epigenetic marks carried beyond maternal inheritance are largely unknown. Here, we tested how transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) shapes the phenotypic response of Daphnia clones to the environmental stressor Microcystis. We split individuals from each of eight genotypes into exposure and control treatments (F0 generation) and tracked the fitness of their descendants to the F3 generation. We found transgenerational epigenetic exposure to Microcystis led to reduced rates of survival and individual growth and no consistent effect on offspring production. Increase in trait variance in the F3 relative to F0 generations suggests potential for heritable bet hedging driven by TEI, which could impact population dynamics. Our findings are counter to the working hypothesis that TEI is a generally adaptive mechanism likely to prevent extinction for populations inhabiting rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S. Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - John M. Fryxell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Seth M. Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
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Li T, Fan X, Cai M, Jiang Y, Wang Y, He P, Ni J, Mo A, Peng C, Liu J. Advances in investigating microcystin-induced liver toxicity and underlying mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167167. [PMID: 37730048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of biologically active cyclic heptapeptide pollutants produced by the freshwater alga Microcystis aeruginosa. With increased environmental pollution, MCs have become a popular research topic. In recent years, the hepatotoxicity of MCs and associated effects and mechanisms have been studied extensively. Current epidemiological data indicate that long-term human exposure to MCs can lead to severe liver toxicity, acute toxicity, and death. In addition, current toxicological studies on the liver, a vital target organ of MCs, indicate that MC contamination is associated with the development of liver cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and liver fibrosis. MCs produce hepatotoxicity that affects the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, induces apoptosis, and acts as a pro-cancer factor, leading to liver lesions. MCs mainly mediate the activation of signaling pathways, such as the ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK and IL-6-STAT3 pathways, which leads to oxidative damage and even carcinogenesis. Moreover, MCs can act synergistically with other pollutants to produce combined toxicity. However, few systematic reviews have been performed on these new findings. This review systematically summarizes the toxic effects and mechanisms of MCs on the liver and discusses the combined liver toxicity effects of MCs and other pollutants to provide reference for subsequent research. The toxicity of different MC isomers deserves further study. The detection methods and limit standards of MCs in agricultural and aquatic products will represent important research directions in the future. Standard protocols for fish sampling during harmful algal blooms or to evaluate the degree of MC toxicity in nature are lacking. In future, bioinformatics can be applied to offer insights into MC toxicology research and potential drug development for MC poisoning. Further research is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of liver function damage in combined-exposure toxicology studies to establish treatment for MC-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xinting Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meihan Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Peishuang He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Aili Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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3
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Bhavsar SP, Ortiz Almirall X, Marklevitz SAC, Rudman SM, Sibley PK. Cyanotoxins accumulate in Lake St. Clair fish yet their fillets are safe to eat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162381. [PMID: 36870491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consuming fish exposed to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be a major route of microcystin toxin exposure to humans. However, it remains unknown whether fish can accumulate and retain microcystins temporally in waterbodies with recurring seasonal HABs, particularly before and after a HAB event when fishing is active. We conducted a field study on Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Smallmouth Bass, Rock Bass, Walleye, White Bass, and Yellow Perch to assess the human health risks to microcystin toxicity via fish consumption. We collected 124 fish in 2016 and 2018 from Lake St. Clair, a large freshwater ecosystem in the North American Great Lakes that is actively fished pre- and post-HAB periods. Muscles were analyzed using the 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) Lemieux Oxidation method for total microcystins, which was used to perform a human health risk assessment for comparison against fish consumption advisory benchmarks available for Lake St. Clair. From this collection 35 fish livers were additionally extracted to confirm the presence of microcystins. Microcystins were detected in all livers at widely varying concentrations (1-1500 ng g-1 ww), suggesting HABs are an underappreciated and pervasive stressor to fish populations. Conversely, microcystin levels were consistently low in muscles (0-15 ng g-1 ww) and presented negligible risk, empirically supporting that fillets may be safely consumed before and after HAB events following fish consumption advisories.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen A C Marklevitz
- Lake Erie Management Unit, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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DNA double-strand break repair machinery in Penaeid crustaceans: A focus on the Non-Homologous End-Joining pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 264:110803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Schwarzenberger A. Negative Effects of Cyanotoxins and Adaptative Responses of Daphnia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110770. [PMID: 36356020 PMCID: PMC9694520 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plethora of cyanobacterial toxins are an enormous threat to whole ecosystems and humans. Due to eutrophication and increases in lake temperatures from global warming, changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins and selection of few highly toxic species/ strains are likely. Globally, one of the most important grazers that controls cyanobacterial blooms is Daphnia, a freshwater model organism in ecology and (eco)toxicology. Daphnia-cyanobacteria interactions have been studied extensively, often focusing on the interference of filamentous cyanobacteria with Daphnia's filtering apparatus, or on different nutritional constraints (the lack of essential amino acids or lipids) and grazer toxicity. For a long time, this toxicity only referred to microcystins. Currently, the focus shifts toward other deleterious cyanotoxins. Still, less than 10% of the total scientific output deals with cyanotoxins that are not microcystins; although these other cyanotoxins can occur just as frequently and at similar concentrations as microcystins in surface water. This review discusses the effects of different cyanobacterial toxins (hepatotoxins, digestive inhibitors, neurotoxins, and cytotoxins) on Daphnia and provides an elaborate and up-to-date overview of specific responses and adaptations of Daphnia. Furthermore, scenarios of what we can expect for the future of Daphnia-cyanobacteria interactions are described by comprising anthropogenic threats that might further increase toxin stress in Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schwarzenberger
- Limnological Institute, University Konstanz, Mainaustr. 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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6
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de Aquino Santos AS, Vilar MCP, Amorim CA, Molica RJR, do Nascimento Moura A. Exposure to toxic Microcystis via intact cell ingestion and cell crude extract differently affects small-bodied cladocerans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23194-23205. [PMID: 34799801 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly common in aquatic environments worldwide. These microorganisms cause concern due to their ability to produce cyanotoxins. Aquatic organisms, especially zooplankton, are exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by different routes, depending on the bloom phase. During cyanobacterial dominance, zooplankton is exposed to cyanotoxins through the ingestion of cyanobacterial cells, while at the bloom senescence, dissolved toxins are the most representative route. In this study, we assessed the effects of a microcystin-producing strain of Microcystis aeruginosa (NPLJ-4) on clones of the tropical small cladocerans Macrothrix spinosa (two clones) and Ceriodaphnia cornuta (one clone) exposed to intact cells and aqueous cell crude extracts. Short-term toxicity assays and life-table experiments were performed to assess the effects of the toxic M. aeruginosa on the survival and life history of the cladocerans. In the short-term toxicity assay, we found that cladocerans were more affected by intact cells. Both clones of M. spinosa were more affected when exposed to intact cells, while C. cornuta displayed about 5-fold more resistance. On the other hand, crude extracts had a low impact on cladocerans' survival. Also, we observed a significant decrease in survival, fecundity, and growth of animals exposed to sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of M. aeruginosa cellular biomass. However, even at high concentrations of dissolved microcystins, the crude extract did not have significant effects on the life history parameters of the cladocerans. Although they can be found during cyanobacterial bloom events, small-bodied cladocerans are still affected by toxic Cyanobacteria depending on the exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Silva de Aquino Santos
- Graduate Program in Development and Environment, Geographical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, 50740-530, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cesar Palmeira Vilar
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cihelio Alves Amorim
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University - METU, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Renato José Reis Molica
- Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco - UFAPE, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, CEP 55292-270, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Ariadne do Nascimento Moura
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Ortiz Almirall X, Simmons DBD, Poirier DG, Bhavsar SP, Sibley PK. Fish tissue accumulation and proteomic response to microcystins is species-dependent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132028. [PMID: 34474382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins including microcystins are increasing globally, escalating health risks to humans and wildlife. Freshwater fish can accumulate and retain microcystins in tissues; however, uptake and depuration studies thus far have not exposed fish to microcystins in its intracellular state (i.e., cell-bound or conserved within cyanobacteria), which is a primary route of exposure in the field, nor have they investigated sublethal molecular-level effects in tissues, limiting our knowledge of proteins responsible for microcystin toxicity pathways in pre-to-postsenescent stages of a harmful algal bloom. We address these gaps with a 2-wk study (1 wk of 'uptake' exposure to intracellular microcystins (0-40 μg L-1) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa followed by 1 wk of 'depuration' in clean water) using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Liver and muscle samples were collected throughout uptake and depuration phases for targeted microcystin quantification and nontargeted proteomics. For both species, microcystins accumulated at a higher concentration in the liver than muscle, and activated cellular responses related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA repair, and carcinogenicity. However, intraspecific proteomic effects between Rainbow Trout and Lake Trout differed, and interspecific accumulation and retention of microcystins in tissues within each species also differed. We demonstrate that fish do not respond the same to cyanobacterial toxicity within and among species despite being reared in the same environment and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David G Poirier
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Nam G, Mohamed MM, Jung J. Novel treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa using chitosan-modified nanobubbles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118458. [PMID: 34740739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we treated harmful Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria using chitosan-modified nanobubbles. The chitosan-modified nanobubbles (255 ± 19 nm) presented a positive zeta potential (15.36 ± 1.17 mV) and generated significantly (p < 0.05) more hydroxyl radicals than the negatively charged nanobubbles (-20.68 ± 1.11 mV). Therefore, the interaction between the positively charged chitosan-modified nanobubbles and negatively charged M. aeruginosa (-34.81 ± 1.79 mV) was favored. The chitosan-modified nanobubble treatment (2.20 × 108 particles mL-1) inactivated 73.16% ± 2.23% of M. aeruginosa (2.00 × 106 cells mL-1) for 24 h without causing significant cell lysis (≤0.25%) and completely inhibited the acute toxicity of M. aeruginosa toward Daphnia magna. The inactivation was correlated (r2 = 0.97) with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in M. aeruginosa. These findings indicated that the hydroxyl radicals generated by the chitosan-modified nanobubbles disrupted cell membrane integrity and enhanced oxidative stress (ROS formation), thereby inactivating M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the penetration of the chitosan-modified nanobubbles and cell alterations in M. aeruginosa were visually confirmed. Our results suggested that the chitosan-modified nanobubble treatment is an eco-friendly method for controlling harmful algae. However, further studies are required for expanding its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ma Y, Liu H, Du X, Shi Z, Liu X, Wang R, Zhang S, Tian Z, Shi L, Guo H, Zhang H. Advances in the toxicology research of microcystins based on Omics approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106661. [PMID: 34077854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widely distributed cyanotoxins, which can be ingested by animals and human body in multiple ways, resulting in a threat to human health and the biodiversity of wildlife. Therefore, the study on toxic effects and mechanisms of MCs is one of the focuses of attention. Recently, the Omics techniques, i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have significantly contributed to the comprehensive understanding and revealing of the molecular mechanisms about the toxicity of MCs. This paper mainly reviews current literature using the Omics approaches to explore the toxicity mechanism of MCs in liver, gonad, spleen, brain, intestine and lung of multiple species. It was found that MCs can exert strong toxic effects on various metabolic activities and cell signal transduction in cell cycle, apoptosis, destruction of cell cytoskeleton and redox disorder, at protein, transcription and metabolism level. Meanwhile, it was also revealed that the alteration of non-coding RNAs (miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA, etc.) and gut microbiota plays an essential regulatory role in the toxic effects of MCs, especially in hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. In addition, we summarized current research gaps and pointed out the future directions for research. The detailed information in this paper shows that the application and development of Omics techniques have significantly promoted the research on MCs toxicity, and it is also a valuable resource for exploring the toxic mechanism of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ziang Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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10
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Ortiz Almirall X, Simmons DBD, Lumsden JS, Bhavsar SP, Watson-Leung T, Eyken AV, Hankins G, Hubbs K, Konopelko P, Sarnacki M, Strong D, Sibley PK. Cyanotoxins within and Outside of Microcystis aeruginosa Cause Adverse Effects in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10422-10431. [PMID: 34264629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of toxic Microcystis blooms, and production of cyanotoxins including microcystins, are an increasing risk to freshwater fish. Differentiating intracellular and extracellular microcystin toxicity pathways (i.e., within and outside of cyanobacterial cells) in fish is necessary to assess the severity of risks to populations that encounter harmful algal blooms in pre-to-postsenescent stages. To address this, adult and juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were, respectively, exposed for 96 h to intracellular and extracellular microcystins (0, 20, and 100 μg L-1) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa. Fish were dissected at 24 h intervals for histopathology, targeted microcystin quantification, and nontargeted proteomics. Rainbow Trout accumulated intracellular and extracellular microcystins in all tissues within 24 h, with greater accumulation in the extracellular state. Proteomics revealed intracellular and extracellular microcystins caused sublethal toxicity by significantly dysregulating proteins linked to the cytoskeletal structure, stress responses, and DNA repair in all tissues. Pyruvate metabolism in livers, anion binding in kidneys, and myopathy in muscles were also significantly impacted. Histopathology corroborated these findings with evidence of necrosis, apoptosis, and hemorrhage at similar severity in both microcystin treatments. We demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of intracellular and extracellular microcystins cause adverse effects in Rainbow Trout after short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Denina B D Simmons
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - John S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Trudy Watson-Leung
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Angela Vander Eyken
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Hankins
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kate Hubbs
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Polina Konopelko
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael Sarnacki
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Damon Strong
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Bownik A. Cyanobacterial anabaenopeptin-B, microcystins and their mixture cause toxic effects on the behavior of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna (Cladocera). Toxicon 2021; 198:1-11. [PMID: 33915136 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the toxic effects caused by the pure cyanobacterial cyclic hexapeptide anabaenopeptin-B (AN-B), the heptapeptides: microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and MC-LF as well as a binary mixture of AN-B with MC-LR on the swimming speed and hopping frequency - essential activities of Daphnia, was experimentally determined. Till now, no information on behavioral effects of AN-B and its mixture with microcystins, commonly produced by cyanobacteria, was available. Also MC-LF effect on aquatic crustaceans was determined for the first time. The results showed that AN-B exerted considerable inhibition of D. magna swimming speed and hopping frequency similar to MC-LR and MC-LF. The mixture of AN-B and MC-LR caused stronger toxic effects, than the individual oligopeptides used at the same concentration. The much lower 48 h- EC50 value of the AN-B and MC-LR mixture (0.95 ± 0.12 μg/mL) than those of individual oligopeptides AN-B (6.3 ± 0.63 μg/mL), MC-LR (4.0 ± 0.27 μg/mL), MC-LF (3.9 ± 0.20 μg/mL) that caused swimming speed inhibition explains the commonly observed stronger toxicity of complex crude cyanobacterial extracts to daphnids than individual microcystins. The obtained results indicated that AN-B, microcystins and their mixture exerted time- and concentration-dependent motility disturbances of crustaceans and they can be good candidates for evaluation of toxicity in early warning systems. Other cyanobacterial oligopeptides beyond microcystins should be considered as a real threat for aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
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12
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Ussery EJ, Nielsen KM, Simmons D, Pandelides Z, Mansfield C, Holdway D. An 'omics approach to investigate the growth effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of guanylurea exposure on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105761. [PMID: 33550114 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed pharmaceutical used in the treatment of numerous human health disorders, including Type 2 Diabetes, and as a results of its widespread use, metformin is thought to be the most prevalent pharmaceutical in the aquatic environment by weight. The removal of metformin during the water treatment process is directly related to the formation of its primary degradation product, guanylurea, generally present at higher concentrations in surface waters relative to metformin. Growth effects observed in 28-day early life stage (ELS) Japanese medaka exposed to guanylurea were found to be similar to growth effects in 28-day ELS medaka exposed to metformin; however, effect concentrations were orders of magnitude below those of metformin. The present study uses a multi-omics approach to investigate potential mechanisms by which low-level, 1 ng · L-1 nominal, guanylurea exposure may lead to altered growth in 28-day post hatch medaka via shotgun metabolomics and proteomics and qPCR. Specifically, analyses show 6 altered metabolites, 66 altered proteins and 2 altered genes. Collectively, metabolomics, proteomics, and gene expression data (using qPCR) indicate that developmental exposure to guanylurea exposure alters a number of important pathways related to the overall health of ELS fish, including biomolecule metabolism, cellular energetics, nervous system function/development, cellular communication and structure, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, among others. To our knowledge, this is the first study to both report the molecular level effects of guanylurea on non-target aquatic organisms, and to relate molecular-level changes to whole organism effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Ussery
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St.N., Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada.
| | - Kristin M Nielsen
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Denina Simmons
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St.N., Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Zacharias Pandelides
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St.N., Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Chad Mansfield
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Douglas Holdway
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St.N., Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada
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