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Chalertpet K, Sangkheereeput T, Somjit P, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37264344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. METHODS The half-maximal inhibition (IC50) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. RESULTS The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. CONCLUSIONS This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawitch Sangkheereeput
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prakaithip Somjit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Choi NR, Lee K, Seo M, Ko SJ, Choi WG, Kim SC, Kim J, Park JW, Kim BJ. Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1509. [PMID: 37050134 PMCID: PMC10096900 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility disorder (GMD) is a disease that causes digestive problems due to inhibition of the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the diseases that reduce the quality of life of modern people. Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma (SGR) is a traditional herbal medicine for many diseases and is sometimes prescribed to improve digestion. As a network pharmacological approach, we searched the TCMSP database for SGR, reviewed its constituents and target genes, and analyzed its relevance to gastrointestinal motility disorder. The effects of the SGR extract on the pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and gastric emptying were investigated. In addition, using the GMD mouse model through acetic acid (AA), we investigated the locomotor effect of SGR on the intestinal transit rate (ITR). As a result of network pharmacology analysis, 56 compounds out of 74 candidate compounds of SGR have targets, the number of targets is 390 targets, and there are 904 combinations. Seventeen compounds of SGR were related to GMD, and as a result of comparing the related genes with the GMD-related genes, 17 genes (active only) corresponded to both. When looking at the relationship network between GMD and SGR, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were most closely related to GMD. In addition, the SGR extract regulated the pacemaker activity in ICC and recovered the delayed gastric emptying. As a result of feeding the SGR extract to AA-induced GMD mice, it was confirmed that the ITR decreased by AA was restored by the SGR extract. Through network pharmacology, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were related to GMD in SGR, and these were closely related to intestinal motility. Based on these results, it is suggested that SGR in GMD restores digestion through the recovery of intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ri Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Kangwook Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Mujin Seo
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Gyun Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
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3
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Wang C, Zhou Q, Wu ST. Scopolin obtained from Smilax china L. against hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting glycolysis: A network pharmacology and experimental study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115469. [PMID: 35718053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L. is a well-known traditional medicinal plant. In China, it is a common anti-cancer drug that has been inherited for thousands of years. Some in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed its potential lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-ovarian cancer effects. However, there is no research on the material basis and mechanism of the rhizome of Smilax china L. against hepatocellular carcinoma. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the material basis and mechanism of scopolin from Smilax china L. against hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The potential targets and active components of Smilax china L. against hepatocellular carcinoma were screened by transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) detection was used to verify the affinity of small molecule compounds with potential proteins and protein-protein interaction. The Extract from HepG2 cells was used to measure the expression of glycolysis-related proteins, glucose consumption and lactate production. The expression of apoptosis-related factors and glycolysis-related proteins in vivo was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The glycolysis-related proteins glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (GPD2) and phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2) screened by transcriptomics, network pharmacology showed strongly binding with scopolin by molecular docking. MST detection has also verified the affinity of scopolin with GPI and GPD2. It was the first time found that Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (Hsp90α) bound strongly to GPI and GPD2 in the worldwide, while scopolin was able to affect the interaction between Hsp90α and GPD2. In vitro and in vivo experiments further demonstrated that scopolin may play an anti-cancer role by affecting the stability of tumor-associated proteins. The results showed that scopolin obtained from Smilax china L. could regulate the expression of GPI, GPD2 and PGK2 and inhibit the interaction of protein-protein, reduce the energy metabolism of tumor tissue, thereby inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSION Scopolin obtained from Smilax china L. plays the role of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the expression of glycolysis proteins GPI, GPD2 and PGK2. Scopolin could affect the interaction between Hsp90α and GPD2 may provide a novel potential treatment direction for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Song-Tao Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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4
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Qiao J, Lu G, Wu G, Liu H, Wang W, Zhang T, Xie G, Qin M. Influence of different pretreatments and drying methods on the chemical compositions and bioactivities of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma. Chin Med 2022; 17:54. [PMID: 35524264 PMCID: PMC9074193 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The processing of medicinal plant materials is one of the important factors influencing the components and biological activities of TCMs. Smilax glabra Roxb. is an herbal vine widely distributed in China, and its dried rhizome (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, SGR) is often used in traditional medicines and functional foods. The processing methods of fresh cutting for SGR slices have been included in ancient Chinese herbal works, some local standards of TCMs, and the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, to date, the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices has not been revealed. Methods To optimize the processing method for preparing SGR slices from the fresh rhizomes, the chemical compositions of the un-pretreated and pretreated (boiling, steaming) samples before and after drying (sun-drying, shade-drying, oven-drying), and the contents of astilbin isomers in dried SGR were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods, respectively. Then, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the prepared SGR slices were investigated by biological assays. Results A total of fifty-two compounds were identified from the un-pretreated and pretreated samples and a total of forty-nine compounds were identified from the subsequently dried samples. After pretreated by boiling and steaming, the contents of neoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and isoastilbin in the prepared samples all increased. As a quality marker of SGR, the content of astilbin was unchanged or decreased slightly compared with that in the un-pretreated samples. During the drying process, the contents of the four astilbin stereoisomers in the un-pretreated samples increased significantly, while those in the pretreated samples had a slight increase or decrease. The effects of different processing methods were sorted according to the bioactivities of the prepared SGR. As a result, SGR slices prepared with no pretreatment followed by a sun-drying process have a higher astilbin content, better bioactivities and more energy savings, representing the optimum processing method for SGR slices. Conclusions This study reveals the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices. The results provide scientific information for the quality control of SGR and its rational applications in herbal medicines and functional foods. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00614-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qiao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gengyu Lu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gang Wu
- The Teaching Experiments Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tianmao Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Yang D, Zhang QF. The natural source, physicochemical properties, biological activities and metabolism of astilbin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9506-9518. [PMID: 35442837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2065661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Astilbin is a dihydroflavanol found in many plants and processed foods. Astilbin possesses multiple health-beneficial bioactivities and has received great attention. Hence, the natural source, physicochemical properties, biological activities and metabolism of astilbin are summarized in the present article. Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. and Smilax glabra Roxb. are the main resource for astilbin purification because of high content. Because of chemical instability, astilbin amount in foods is dependent on the processing and storage conditions. The degradation of astilbin includes isomerization and decomposition. The interconversion of astilbin and its isomers occurs through a chalcone intermediates, which significantly affects the taste of wine during storage. Many factors such as temperature, pH, metal ions and food additives could affect the chemical stability of astilbin. Astilbin exhibits very novel selective immunosuppressive activity, which is not found in other compounds. The rhamnose moiety of astilbin is essential for this bioactivity. After digestion, astilbin was mainly absorbed and transported in circulatory blood in its intact form, and only one metabolite, 3'-O-methylastilbin, was found. Although having many bioactivities, astilbin faces the challenge of poor bioavailability. Some promising strategies were developed for improving its bioavailability, particularly through fabrication the zein nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Li Q, Lan T, He S, Chen W, Li X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Chen X, Han Y, Su Z, Zhu D, Guo H. A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Lei-gong-gen formula granule on a spontaneously hypertensive rat model. Chin Med 2021; 16:99. [PMID: 34627325 PMCID: PMC8501634 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lei-gong-gen formula granule (LFG) is a folk prescription derived from Zhuang nationality, the largest ethnic minority among 56 nationalities in China. It consists of three herbs, namely Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Smilax glabra Roxb, and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. It has been widely used as health protection tea for hundreds of years to prevent hypertension in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The purpose of this study is to validate the antihypertensive effect of LFG on the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, and to further identify the effective components and anti-hypertension mechanism of LFG. Methods The effects of LFG on blood pressure, body weight, and heart rate were investigated in vivo using the SHR model. The levels of NO, ANG II, and ET-1 in the serum were measured, and pathological changes in the heart were examined by H&E staining. The main active components of LFG, their corresponding targets, and hypertension associated pathways were discerned through network pharmacology analysis based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID), and the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM). Then the predicted results were further verified by molecular biology experiments such as RT-qPCR and western blot. Additionally, the potential active compounds were predicted by molecular docking technology, and the chemical constituents of LFG were analyzed and identified by UPLC-QTOF/MS technology. Finally, an in vitro assay was performed to investigate the protective effects of potential active compounds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results LFG could effectively reduce blood pressure and increase serum NO content in SHR model. Histological results showed that LFG could ameliorate pathological changes such as cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial inflammation. From network pharmacology analysis, 53 candidate active compounds of LFG were collected, which linked to 765 potential targets, and 828 hypertension associated targets were retrieved, from which 12 overlapped targets both related to candidate active compounds from LFG and hypertension were screened and used as the potential targets of LFG on antihypertensive effect. The molecular biology experiments of the 12 overlapped targets showed that LFG could upregulate the mRNA and protein expressions of NOS3 and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC) in the thoracic aorta. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was closely related to the expression of NOS3 and SRC. Moreover, western blot results showed that LFG significantly increased the protein expression levels of PI3K and phosphorylated AKT in SHR model, suggesting that LFG may active the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to decrease hypertension. Molecular docking study further supported that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cedar acid, shikimic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinic acid, linalool, and histidine can be well binding with NOS3, SRC, PI3K, and AKT. UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis confirmed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, shikimic acid, salicylic acid, and nicotinic acid existed in LFG. Pre-treatment of HUVEC with nicotinic acid could alleviate the effect on cell viability induced by H2O2 and increase the NO level in cell supernatants. Conclusions LFG can reduce the blood pressure in SHR model, which might be attributed to increasing the NO level in serum for promoting vasodilation via upregulating SRC expression level and activating the PI3K-AKT-NOS3 signaling pathway. Nicotinic acid might be the potential compound for LFG antihypertensive effect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00507-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Taijin Lan
- School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Road, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Songhua He
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, 9 Qinghu Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiquan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Road, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, School of preclinical medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ge Q, Han K, Shi C, Liu X. The complete chloroplast genome of a shrub species, Smilax glabra (Smilacaceae) from Guangdong, China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3064-3066. [PMID: 34595338 PMCID: PMC8477935 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1979431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qijin Ge
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kai Han
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Fuyang, BGI-Shenzhen, Fuyang, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Y, Ouyang F, Teng C, Qu J. Optimization for the extraction of polyphenols from Inonotus obliquus and its antioxidation activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:852-859. [PMID: 33439073 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1864642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the extraction process and antioxidative activity of Inonotus obliquus polyphenols (IOP), the optimal extraction process was determined by orthogonal experiment optimization. The clearance rate of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were used as indicators to evaluate the antioxidant activity of IOP. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 50%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, temperature of 60 °C, and 90 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of IOP was 2.84%. The antioxidant capacity of extracts appeared to be IOP dose-dependent, while it also presented stronger ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that the major identified polyphenol compounds extracted at the optimal conditions were ten compounds (procyanidin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, astilbin, tangeretin, gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin 7-xyloside). These findings indicate that I. obliquus polyphenols have the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and have a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Fengju Ouyang
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunying Teng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Juanjuan Qu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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9
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Sun S, Yan Z, Shui X, Qi W, Chen Y, Xu X, Hu Y, Guo W, Shang P. Astilbin prevents osteoarthritis development through the TLR4/MD-2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13104-13114. [PMID: 33063931 PMCID: PMC7701562 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis has become one of the main diseases affecting the life of many elderly people with high incidence of disability, and local chronic inflammation in the joint cavity is the most crucial pathological feature of osteoarthritis. Astilbin is the main active component in a variety of natural plants such as Hypericum perforatum and Sarcandra glabra, which possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. At present, there is no study about the protective effect of Astilbin for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Astilbin in human OA chondrocytes and mouse OA model, which was established by surgery‐mediated destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). In vitro, we found that Astilbin pre‐treatment inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced overproduction of inflammation‐correlated cytokines such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and suppressed overexpression of inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2). Astilbin, on the other hand, prevented the LPS‐induced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by down‐regulating MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinases 13) and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5). Moreover, by inhibiting the formation of the TLR4/MD‐2/LPS complex, Astilbin blocked LPS‐induced activation of TLR4/NF‐κB signalling cascade. In vivo, Astilbin showed the chondro‐protective effect in the surgical‐induced OA mouse models. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that develops Astilbin as a potential therapeutic drug for OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Shui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihui Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxian Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuezheng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Lan T, Li Q, Chang M, Yin C, Zhu D, Wu Z, Li X, Zhang W, Yue B, Shi J, Yuan H, Su Z, Guo H. Lei-gong-gen formula granule attenuates hyperlipidemia in rats via cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112989. [PMID: 32526339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lei-gong-gen formula granule (LFG) is a folk prescription derived from Zhuang nationality, the largest ethnic minority among the 56 nationalities in China. It is composed of three herbs, namely Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Smilax glabra Roxb. It has been widely used as health protection tea for many years to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY This study validated the lipid-lowering effect of LFG in a hyperlipidemia rat model. Then we employed network pharmacology and molecular biological approach to identify the active ingredients of LFG, corresponding targets, and its anti-hyperlipidemia mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet for two weeks. LFG (two doses of 10 and 20 g/kg) was administered orally to hyperlipidemia rat model for 4 weeks, twice per day. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were monitored in rats pre and post-treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe the pathology and lipid accumulation of liver. We then performed network pharmacology analysis to predict the ingredients, their associated targets, and hyperlipidemia associated targets. Pathway analysis with significant genes was carried out using KEGG pathway. These genes and proteins intersectioned between compound targets and hyperlipidemia targets were further verified with samples from hyperlipidemia rats treated with LFG using Real-time RT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS LFG attenuated hyperlipidemia in rat model, and this was characterized with decreased serum levels of TC, LDL-C, liver wet weight, and liver index. LFG alleviated the hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemia rats. Network pharmacology analysis identified 53 bioactive ingredients from LFG formula (three herbs), which link to 765 potential targets. 53 hyperlipidemia associated genes were retrieved from public databases. There were 10 common genes between ingredients-targets and hyperlipidemia associated genes, which linked to 20 bioactive ingredients. Among these 10 genes, 3 of them were validated to be involved in LFG's anti-hyperlipidemia effect using Real-time RT-PCR, namely ADRB2 encoding beta-2 adrenergic receptor, NOS3 encoding nitric oxide synthase 3, LDLR encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor. The cGMP-PKG signaling pathway was enriched for hyperlipidemia after pharmacology network analysis with ADRB2, NOS3, and LDLR. Interestingly, expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) was downregulated in hyperlipidemia rat after LFG treatment. Molecular docking study further supported that ferulic acid, histidine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and linalool were potential active ingredients for LFG's anti-hyperlipidemia effect. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were active ingredients of LFG. CONCLUSION LFG exhibited the lipid-lowering effect, which might be attributed to downregulating ADRB2 and NOS3, and upregulating LDLR through the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway in hyperlipidemia rat. Ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid might be the underlying active ingredients which affect the potential targets for their anti-hyperlipidemia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijin Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Road, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Qiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunli Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bangwen Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Junlin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hebao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, China.
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Kwon OY, Ryu S, Choi JK, Lee SH. Smilax glabra Roxb. Inhibits Collagen Induced Adhesion and Migration of PC3 and LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells through the Inhibition of Beta 1 Integrin Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133006. [PMID: 32630092 PMCID: PMC7411785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) has been used as a traditional medicine for brucellosis and syphilis. In this study, we investigated whether nontoxicological levels of water extract of SGR (WESGR) are effective for suppressing steps in the progression of prostate cancer, such as collagen-mediated migration and adhesion and identified the target molecule responsible for such effects. We found that nontoxicological levels of WESGR did not attenuate PC3 and LNCaP cell adhesion to serum but did significantly do so with collagen. In addition, using the Boyden chamber assay, we found that nontoxicological levels of WESGR did not inhibit the migration of PC3 and LNCaP cells to a serum-coated area but did significantly attenuate migration to a collagen-coated area. Interestingly, the expression of α2β1 integrin, a known receptor of collagen, was not affected by ectopic administration of WESGR. However, WESGR significantly attenuated the expression of β1 integrin, but not α2 integrin when PC3 and LNCaP cells were placed on a collagen-coated plate, resulting in attenuation of focal adherent kinase phosphorylation. Finally, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was determined as a functional single component which is responsible for antiprostate cancer effects of WESGR. Taken together, our results suggest a novel molecular mechanism for WESGR-mediated antiprostate cancer effects at particular steps such as with migration and adhesion to collagen, and it could provide the possibility of therapeutic use of WESGR against prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seung Ho Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82–32–832–8269; Fax: +82–32–832–0798
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12
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Evaluation of anticancer effects of a pharmaceutically viable extract of a traditional polyherbal mixture against non-small-cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:242-252. [PMID: 32139200 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work tested organic solvents to prepare an extract with anticancer properties from a polyherbal mixture containing Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizomes). We evaluate anticancer effects in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292), and discuss optimization for pharmaceutical use in the context of efficacy, yield and toxicity. METHODS Using different organic solvents, six extracts were prepared from the polyherbal mixture. Based on the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on NCI-H292 cells and normal lung cells (MRC-5), as evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B assay, the total ethyl acetate (T-EA) extract was selected for further analysis. The possible anticancer mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the extract's effects on apoptosis (through fluorescent microscopic analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase 3/7 assay and analysis of expression levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bax, survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90), colony formation and antioxidant activity. RESULTS The extract had cytotoxic effects against NCI-H292 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of colony formation were also observed. The expression level of caspase 3/7 significantly (P < 0.001) increased in NCI-H292 cells treated with 50 μg/mL of the extract. The same dosage led to a significant increase in expression levels of Bax and p53 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90. CONCLUSION T-EA extract of the above polyherbal mixture has cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 cells via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of colony formation.
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Wang W, Yuhai, Wang H, Chasuna, Bagenna. Astilbin reduces ROS accumulation and VEGF expression through Nrf2 in psoriasis-like skin disease. Biol Res 2019; 52:49. [PMID: 31492195 PMCID: PMC6729080 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a common and intractable skin disease affecting the physical and mental health of patients. The accumulation of ROS is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and antioxidants are believed to be therapeutic. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of astilbin on ROS accumulation in psoriasis. Results The study showed that 50 μg/ml astilbin could inhibit the growth and reduce the accumulation of ROS in HaCaT cells stimulated by IL-17 and TNF-α. Astilbin could elevate the Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclei, eventually leading to the transcriptional activation of various antioxidant proteins and reducing the expression of VEGF. Conclusions Our results collectively suggest that astilbin could induce Nrf2 nucleus translocation, which is contribute to reduce the ROS accumulation and VEGF expression, and inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyuntana Wang
- Department of Mongolian Pharmacy, School of Mongol Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 536 West of Huolinhe Street, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhai
- Library of Inner, Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Mongolian Pharmacy, School of Mongol Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 536 West of Huolinhe Street, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chasuna
- Department of Mongolian Pharmacy, School of Mongol Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 536 West of Huolinhe Street, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Bagenna
- Department of Mongolian Pharmacy, School of Mongol Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 536 West of Huolinhe Street, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Huang L, Deng J, Chen G, Zhou M, Liang J, Yan B, Shu J, Liang Y, Huang H. The anti-hyperuricemic effect of four astilbin stereoisomers in Smilax glabra on hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111777. [PMID: 30851369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb. (SG), a Chinese medicinal herb which called "tufuling", is believed to be effective in treating hyperuricemia and gout symptoms. But the active substance and pharmacological mechanism of reducing uric acid remain unknown. This study aimed to obtain the total flavonoids including four astilbin stereoisomers and to examine their effects on reducing uric acid content in hyperuricemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total flavonoids of S. glabra (TFSG) were purified and then analysed by HPLC-PDA-MS. The effect of TFSG on the content of serum uric acid (SUA), Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate were examined. Western blot and PCR method were also used to investigate whether TFSG have effect on renal transport protein organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) and their mRNA in hypeuricemic mice. RESULT Total flavonoids were obtained from EtOAc soluble portion of S. glabra. Four compounds were identified as neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin and isoastilbin, which accounted for 55.6% of total flavonoids. TFSG could significantly reduce the serum uric acid content in hyperuricemic mouse (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). The activities of hepatic XOD have been reduced in hyperuricemic mouse administered with 125 mg/kg TFSG (p < 0.05). The expressions of renal OAT1, OCTN2 and their mRNA have been up-regulated in hyperuricemic mice administered with TFSG (250, 125 mg/kg) (p < 0.01or p < 0.05). TFSG (62.5 mg/kg) could also elevated the expression of renal OCTN2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A novel and simple method for preparative separation of astilbin stereoisomers from S. glabra was developed. It was the first time to obtain total flavonoids (including four marker compounds) of S. glabra, and the total content was up to 55.6%. The results suggested TFSG has significant effect on reducing uric acid in hyperuricemic mice by inhibiting the XOD activities and up-regulating the expression of OAT1, OCTN2 and their mRNA in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jian Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jicheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yonghong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Zhang L, Zheng D, Zhang Q. Purification of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae through cyclodextrin-assisted extraction and resin adsorption. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:449-456. [PMID: 30847122 PMCID: PMC6392876 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are the main bioactive components responded for the health promoting effects of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG), an herbal material used in many functional food of China. An eco-friendly method with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-assisted extraction and resin adsorption/desorption was developed for total flavonoids purification from RSG. Because of complexes formation between flavonoids and β-CD, aqueous solution was used for extraction instead of ethanol. The CD-assisted extraction was optimized through defining optimal CD species, concentration, extraction temperature, and time. The adsorption property of eight macroporous resins on astilbin was compared by adsorption kinetics and capacity. All resins could reach the adsorption equilibrium within 2 hr. Further analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, H103 resin with the best adsorption capacity was selected. The desorption property of different ethanol-water solution was compared. Results showed that by using 75% ethanol, astilbin could be well desorbed from the resin with the recovery of 96.3%. Because of complexes formation, the presence of β-CD would slightly decrease the adsorption rate and capacity of H103 with concentration dependent. In dynamic adsorption, decreasing the flow rate could minish the effects of β-CD. The developed method was successfully used for total flavonoids purified from RSG. The yield of purified product was 8.78%, with astilbin and total flavonoids content of 363.8 and 505.7 mg/g, respectively. The purity was 1.74 times increased with the recovery of 94.38% compared with the extract obtained directly through 50% ethanol extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Dan Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
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Zheng D, Zhang L, Zhang QF. Isomerization of astilbin and its application for preparation of the four stereoisomers from Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:202-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Wang SW, Xu Y, Weng YY, Fan XY, Bai YF, Zheng XY, Lou LJ, Zhang F. Astilbin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hua S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Dong L, Huang J, Lin D, Fu X. Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Smilax glabra: An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:261-297. [PMID: 29433390 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) Roxb., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used worldwide for its marked pharmacological activities for treating syphilitic poisoned sores, limb hypertonicity, morbid leucorrhea, eczema pruritus, strangury due to heat, carbuncle toxin, and many other human ailments. Approximately 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from SG Roxb., and the major components have been determined to be flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and steroids. Among these active compounds, the effects of astilbin, which is used as a quality control marker to determine the quality of SG Roxb., have been widely investigated. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, the primary active components of SG Roxb. possess various pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and cardiovascular system protective activities. However, an extensive study to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of SG Roxb. has not been conducted and is worth of our study. Improving the means of utilizing the effects of SG is crucial. The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of SG Roxb. and assesses its ethnopharmacological use in order to explore its therapeutic potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Hua
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- † School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- ¶ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater 74078, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,§ Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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Shu J, Li L, Zhou M, Yu J, Peng C, Shao F, Liu R, Zhu G, Huang H. Three new flavonoid glycosides from Smilax glabra and their anti-inflammatory activity. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1760-1768. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Caiying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
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She T, Feng J, Lian S, Li R, Zhao C, Song G, Luo J, Dawuti R, Cai S, Qu L, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Activates Redox-Dependent ATM/ATR Pathway to Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1281-1289. [PMID: 29111814 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1362447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Song
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rouxianguli Dawuti
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Chassagne F, Deharo E, Punley H, Bourdy G. Treatment and management of liver diseases by Khmer traditional healers practicing in Phnom Penh area, Cambodia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:38-53. [PMID: 28284791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver disorders are a major health problem in Cambodia, where some patients prefer to seek treatment from traditional healers. The aim of the study was to document the knowledge and practices of these healers in four Southern Cambodian provinces. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out from September 2015 to January 2016 in Cambodian urban and rural areas. Thirty-three Khmer traditional healers (KTH) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic data, healer's formation and their professional practice conditions, perception of liver diseases (types and causes of liver disorders, diagnostic methods and symptoms of liver problems), dietary recommendations given to patients, and herbal remedies used to treat them. For each medicinal plant mentioned in herbal remedies, the local name, part of the plant, mode of preparation and administration, and their properties, according to the healers, were recorded. The plants mentioned by the traditional therapists were collected and later identified by specialists. RESULTS Different types of liver disease are identified by the healers, and diagnosis was mostly based on reading medical records, and by observing the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. A total of 42 herbal remedies including 83 medicinal plants belonging to 40 families were mentioned for treating liver disorders. The most predominant families were Leguminosae and Poaceae. Among the plants reported, Cananga latifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Smilax aff. glabra, Gomphrena celosioides, Passiflora foetida and Physalis minima were the most cited species. A large part of the herbal remedies used were multi-ingredient recipes, and were prepared mainly by a decoction administered orally. Plants are combined in multi-ingredient recipes, and selected on the basis of their properties (trocheak, psah, somrap mé rok, ktchol) which originate from Khmer medical concepts. Most of the plants used by healers have a wide ethnobotanical use for liver disorders, and have been studied for their hepatoprotective activity and related activities on the liver. CONCLUSION In the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases, KTH have incorporated biomedical concepts and new practices, which suggest that they could be defined as neotraditional healers. Medicinal plants constitute the core of traditional medicine practice by these healers, and these plants play a very important role in the health care of people with liver problems in Cambodia. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the integration of healers in national health care programs for the development of combined therapies. Furthermore, two plant species (i.e. Cananga latifolia and Willughbeia edulis) were found to be widely used for treating liver disorders in our survey, and should be studied for their pharmacological potential for liver problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
| | - Hieng Punley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Hao G, Zheng J, Huo R, Li J, Wen K, Zhang Y, Liang G. Smilax glabra Roxb targets Aktp-Thr308 and inhibits Akt-mediated signaling pathways in SGC7901 cells. J Drug Target 2015; 24:557-65. [PMID: 26607178 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Outpatient, The 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, and
| | - Rentao Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinsong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Hu B, Wang SS, Du Q. Traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma: From bench to bedside. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1209-1232. [PMID: 26019736 PMCID: PMC4438495 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i9.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes (Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
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Li L, Li B, Zhang H, Zhao A, Han B, Liu C, Tsao R. Ultrafiltration LC-ESI-MSn screening of MMP-2 inhibitors from selected Chinese medicinal herbs Smilax glabra Roxb., Smilax china L. and Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk as potential functional food ingredients. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dai W, Zhao W, Gao F, Shen J, Lv D, Qi Y, Fan G. Simultaneous chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis ofRhizoma Smilacis Glabraeby accelerated solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1466-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Weiquan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Diya Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
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She T, Zhao C, Feng J, Wang L, Qu L, Fang K, Cai S, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) extract inhibits migration and invasion of cancer cells by suppressing TGF-β1 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118287. [PMID: 25742000 PMCID: PMC4351248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarsaparilla, also known as Smilax Glabra Rhizome (SGR), was shown to modulate immunity, protect against liver injury, lower blood glucose and suppress cancer. However, its effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion were unclear. In the present study, we found that the supernatant of water-soluble extract from SGR (SW) could promote adhesion, inhibit migration and invasion of HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and T24 cells in vitro, as well as suppress metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Results of F-actin and vinculin dual staining showed the enhanced focal adhesion in SW-treated cells. Microarray analysis indicated a repression of TGF-β1 signaling by SW treatment, which was verified by real-time RT-PCR of TGF-β1-related genes and immunoblotting of TGFBR1 protein. SW was also shown to antagonize TGF-β1-promoted cell migration. Collectively, our study revealed a new antitumor function of Sarsaparilla in counteracting invasiveness of a subset of cancer cells by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:602425. [PMID: 25821492 PMCID: PMC4363603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/602425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine in many countries. The present study focused on the active constituents from the rhizome of S. glabra, which possess potential anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, nine known compounds were isolated from the rhizome of S. glabra with the bioassay-guiding, and were identified as syringaresinol (1), lasiodiplodin (2), de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), syringic acid (4), 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol (5), lyoniresinol (6), trans-resveratrol (7), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester (8), and dihydrokaempferol (9). Among these compounds, 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from S. glabra. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that 4 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed moderate suppression effects on induced NO production. 1, 7, and 5 exhibited high inhibitory effects on TNF-α production, with the IC50 values less than 2.3, 4.4, and 16.6 μM, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were the potential anti-inflammatory active compositions of S. glabra.
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She T, Qu L, Wang L, Yang X, Xu S, Feng J, Gao Y, Zhao C, Han Y, Cai S, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via Redox-Dependent ERK1/2 Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:464-74. [PMID: 25732255 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic-Enriched Extracts of Smilax glabra. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:910438. [PMID: 25477999 PMCID: PMC4244943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/910438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine. In the present study, phenolic-enriched extract of S. glabra (PEESG) was extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by HP-20 column chromatography. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by radical scavenging assay, reducing power determination, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells assays, respectively. PEESG exhibited obviously scavenging capacity for DPPH and ABTS radicals, as well as significant reducing power for ferric ion. Particularly, PEESG (12.5–50 μg/mL) showed a significantly higher efficiency for scavenging ABTS than that of ascorbic acid and no significant difference with ascorbic acid for DPPH scavenging. PEESG also possessed a significant suppression effect on proinflammatory mediators production, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the main ingredients of PEESG were identified using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-ESI-MS). Seventeen components, including 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engetin and isoengeletin were identified. These findings strongly suggest the potential of PEESG as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Kim KM, Suh JW, Yang SH, Kim BR, Park TS, Shim SM. Smilax China root extract detoxifies nicotine by reducing reactive oxygen species and inducing CYP2A6. J Food Sci 2014; 79:H2132-9. [PMID: 25220663 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Resveratrol has a beneficial effect of lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces cellular oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ethanol extract of Smilax china root (EESC) rich in resveratrol (RES) and oxyresveratrol (OXY) could reduce ROS caused by nicotine and promoting nicotine turnover by induction of CYP2A6. The amount of cotinine converted from nicotine was quantified by the direct barbiturate assay method. Expression of CYP2A6 was unregulated by RES, OXY, or EESC, respectively. Pretreatment of RES (50, 100, and 250 μM), OXY (50, 100, and 250 μM), and RES+OXY (50 and 100 μM) inhibited cytotoxicity and ROS production caused by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner. EESC pretreatment (1.8 mg/mL) increased cell viability by 1.5-fold higher than the control (nicotine only), and lowered cellular ROS levels. A significant amount of the conversion of nicotine to cotinine was observed in EESC pretreatment by CYP2A6 induction in HepG2 cells. These results suggested that hepatic induction of CYP2A6 and ROS reduction by EESC activate nicotine metabolism and reduce cellular oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Nicotine exposure due to smoking is very concerning because it is the major factor for lung diseases and cardiovascular disorders. It is necessary to examine natural ingredients that can detoxify from nicotine to cotinine as well as neutralize free radicals induced from nicotine. Results from the current study suggest potential applications of Smilax china root for detoxification of nicotine in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Mu Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Sejong Univ, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
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Chye SM, Tiong YL, Yip WK, Koh RY, Len YW, Seow HF, Ng KY, Ranjit DA, Chen SC. Apoptosis induced by para-phenylenediamine involves formation of ROS and activation of p38 and JNK in chang liver cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:981-990. [PMID: 23172806 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
para-Phenylenediamine (p-PD) is a suspected carcinogen, but it has been widely used as a component in permanent hair dyes. In this study, the mechanism of p-PD-induced cell death in normal Chang liver cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that p-PD decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by enhanced DNA damage and increased cell number in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle, using Hoechst 33258 dye staining and flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis via reactive oxygen species generation was detected by the dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining method. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was assessed by western blot analysis and revealed that p-PD activated not only stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 MAPK but also extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by p-PD were markedly enhanced by ERK activation and selectively inhibited by ERK inhibitor PD98059, thus indicating a negative role of ERK. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with the p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 moderately inhibited cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by p-PD. Similarly, SP600125, an inhibitor of SAPK/JNK, moderately inhibited cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by p-PD, thus implying that p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK had a partial role in p-PD-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that p-PD significantly increased phosphorylation of p38 and SAPK/JNK and decreased phosphorylation of ERK. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SAPK/JNK and p38 cooperatively participate in apoptosis induced by p-PD and that a decreased ERK signal contributes to growth inhibition or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soi Moi Chye
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sang HQ, Gu JF, Yuan JR, Zhang MH, Jia XB, Feng L. The protective effect of Smilax glabra extract on advanced glycation end products-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs via RAGE-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:785-795. [PMID: 24953033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used in folk for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced endothelial dysfunction has been thought to be a major cause of diabetic vascular complications. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of SGR extract on AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 200 μg/ml AGEs to induce endothelial dysfunction. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence assay and Annexin-V/PI double-staining were performed to determine endothelium apoptosis. Dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence probe, SOD and MDA kits were used to evaluate oxidative stress. The effect of SGR extract on AGEs-induced TGF-beta1 expression was determined by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Attenuations of SGR extract on receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) activation and NF-κB phosphorylation were determined by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. The blockade assays for RAGE and ERK1/2 were carried out using a specific RAGE-antibody (RAGE-Ab) or a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 in immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The pretreatment of SGR extract (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg crude drug/ml) significantly attenuated AGEs-induced endothelium apoptosis, and down-regulated TGF-beta1 protein expression in HUVECs. It was also well shown that SGR extract could down-regulate dose-dependently ROS over-generation, MDA content, TGF-beta1 expression, ERK1/2 and NF-κB activation whereas increase significantly SOD activity. Furthermore, the AGEs-induced ERK1/2 activation could be attenuated by the blockade of RAGE-Ab (5 μg/ml) while the NF-κB activation was ameliorated by ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM). CONCLUSION These results indicated that SGR extract could attenuate AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via RAGE-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathways. Our findings suggest that SGR extract may be beneficial for attenuating endothelial dysfunction in diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-qiang Sang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Jun-fei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jia-rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming-hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xiao-bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Yoon SR, Yang SH, Suh JW, Shim SM. Fermentation of Smilax china root by Aspergillus usami and Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoted concentration of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol and the free-radical scavenging activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1822-1826. [PMID: 24919869 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smilax china root, which is rich in resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, has been used as emergency foods as well as folk medicine. This study investigated changes in concentration of bioactive components and the free-radical scavenging capacity of Smilax china root during fermentation by Aspergillus usami and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS Resveratrol, oxyresveratrol and piceid were quantified as major constituents in Smilax china root by using UPLC-ESI-MS. The concentration of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol remarkably increased through fermentation and the transformation of piceid to resveratrol. Its concentration in 4% Smilax china root was 1.16-2.95 times higher than that of a 2% preparation throughout fermentation. The vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity of 2% Smilax china root was 1.51-1.91 times higher than that of 4% Smilax china root during fermentation. Meanwhile, ABTS free-radical scavenging capacity was enhanced up to 95.07 and 99.35% for 2% and 4% Smilax china root, respectively. CONCLUSION Results from our study propose that bioactive components in Smilax China root were highly extracted by fermentation followed by saccharification and ethanol production, resulting in enhanced free-radical scavenging capacity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
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Park G, Kim TM, Kim JH, Oh MS. Antioxidant effects of the sarsaparilla via scavenging of reactive oxygen species and induction of antioxidant enzymes in human dermal fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:305-315. [PMID: 25022355 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight causes distinct changes in collagenous skin tissues as a result of the breakdown of collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix. UV irradiation downregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-elimination pathways, thereby promoting the production of ROS, which are implicated in skin aging. Smilax glabra Roxb (sarsaparilla) has been used in folk medicine because of its many effects. However, no study on the protective effects of sarsaparilla root (SR) on human dermal fibroblasts has been reported previously. Here, we investigated the protective effect of SR against oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts. SR significantly inhibited oxidative damage and skin-aging factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Also, SR decreased Ca(2+) and ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, dysfunction, and increased glutathione, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and heme oxygenase-1. These results demonstrate that SR can protect dermal fibroblasts against UVB-induced skin aging via antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhyuk Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-mi Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Wang WX, Li TX, Ma H, Zhang JF, Jia AQ. Tumoral cytotoxic and antioxidative phenylpropanoid glycosides in Smilax riparia A. DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:527-532. [PMID: 23892206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax riparia A. DC., known as "Niu-Wei-Cai" in China, is distributed through the south and middle of China. The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia have been used not only as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of bronchitis, lumbago of renal asthenia, traumatic injury, asthenia edema, and cancer but also as edible wild herbs in some areas of China. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the phytochemicals in the roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia and to investigate their antioxidant activities and cytotoxicities toward several tumor cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four fractions and five phenylpropanoid glycosides were obtained from roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia under bioassay-guided screenings. The structures of five compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and compared with published data. We evaluated their antioxidant activities and their cytotoxicities on five cancer cell lines: human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), human hepatocellular carcinoma (SMMC-7721), human lung cancer (A-549), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and human colon cancer (SW480). RESULTS Of the five glycosides, one new compound (3, smilaside P) was isolated from an EtOAc fraction. Compound 1 was cytotoxic toward HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 (IC50 2.70, 3.80, 11.91, 3.79, and 3.93 μM, respectively). Moreover, compounds 1-3 showed moderate scavenging activities against the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (IC50 339.58, 330.66, 314.49 μM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Five phenylpropanoid glycosides were reported for the first time from this TCM. Each was studied, as observed here for the first time, in the cytotoxic experiments toward HL-60, SMMC-7721, and SW480 cell lines. Compound 1, bearing three feruloyl groups and three acetyl groups, had the greatest cytotoxicity toward the five tumor cell lines. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate antioxidant activities. All results reflect that compounds 1-3 are cytotoxic for a wide variety of cancer cell lines of differing tissue origins and that the cytotoxicities of these compounds may be related to their antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xin Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
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Xia D, Fan Y, Zhang P, Fu Y, Ju M, Zhang X. Protective Effects of the Flavonoid-Rich Fraction from Rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:479-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu LS, Huang HL, Liu RH, Ren G, Shao F, Ye YH, Lin T. A New Lyoniresinol Derivative from Smilax microphylla. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new lignan, lyoniresinol-9- O-8″-syringylglycerol ether (1), together with five known compounds, piceatannol (2), resveratrol (3), oxyresveratrol (4), quercetin-3′-glucoside (5) and diosgenin (6) were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax microphylla. The structure of the new compound was determined by means of chemical evidence and 1D-and 2D-NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY and NOESY) spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
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Zhang QF, Guo YX, Shangguan X, Zheng G, Wang WJ. Antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae extracts and main constituents. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Manosroi J, Sainakham M, Manosroi W, Manosroi A. Anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction activities of extracts from Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from MANOSROI II database. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:451-459. [PMID: 22440260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCES: Traditional medicines have long been used by the Thai people. Several medicinal recipes prepared from a mixture of plants are often used by traditional medicinal practitioners for the treatment of many diseases including cancer. The recipes collected from the Thai medicinal text books were recorded in MANOSROI II database. Anticancer recipes were searched and selected by a computer program using the recipe indication keywords including Ma-reng and San which means cancer in Thai, from the database for anticancer activity investigation. AIM OF STUDY To investigate anti-cancer activities of the Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from the "MANOSROI II" database. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of extracts from 121 recipes selected from 56,137 recipes in the Thai medicinal plant recipe "MANOSROI II" database were investigated in two cancer cell lines including human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) staining technique, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the SRB assay, recipes NE028 and, S003 gave the highest anti-proliferation activity on KB and HT29 with the IC(50) values of 2.48±0.24 and 6.92±0.49μg/ml, respectively. In the AO/EB staining assay, recipes S016 and NE028 exhibited the highest apoptotic induction in KB and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. This study has demonstrated that the three Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from "MANOSROI II" database (NE028, S003 and S016) gave active anti-cancer activities according to the NCI classification which can be further developed for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Zhang T, Du J, Liu L, Chen X, Yang F, Jin Q. Inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism of 7-hydroxyflavone phosphate ester in HeLa cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36652. [PMID: 22574207 PMCID: PMC3344907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin and its phosphate ester have previously been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in Hela cells; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be characterized. In the present study, we therefore synthesized diethyl flavon-7-yl phosphate (FP, C19H19O6P) by a simplified Atheron-Todd reaction, and explored its anti-tumor characteristics and mechanisms. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by MTS, flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling techniques, respectively in human cervical cancer HeLa cells treated with 7-hydroxyflavone (HF) and FP. p21, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cAMP levels in Hela cells were analyzed by western blot and radioimmunoassay. Both HF and FP inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via induction of PCNA/p21 expression, cleaved caspase-3/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, elevation of cAMP levels, and cell cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 fraction. The effects of FP were more potent than those of HF. The interactions of FP with Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+-CaM-phosphodiesterase (PDE)1 were explored by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectra. FP, but not HF, formed non-covalent complexes with Ca2+-CaM-PDE1, indicating that FP is an inhibitor of PDE1, and resulting in elevated cellular cAMP levels. It is possible that the elevated cAMP levels inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in Hela cells through induction of p21 and cleaved caspase-3/PARP-1 expression, and causing down-regulation of PCNA and cell cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M fractions. In conclusion, FP was shown to be a Ca2+-CaM-PDE inhibitor, which might account for its underlying anti-cancer mechanism in HeLa cells. These observations clearly demonstrate the special roles of phosphorylated flavonoids in biological processes, and suggest that FP might represent a potential new drug for the therapy of human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Du
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QJ); (XC); (FY)
| | - Fang Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QJ); (XC); (FY)
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QJ); (XC); (FY)
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Kim YI, Park SW, Choi IH, Lee JH, Woo HJ, Kim Y. Effect of Orostachys japonicus on Cell Growth and Apoptosis in Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Line LX2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 39:601-13. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus (O. japonicus), used to treat diseases such as various cancers, gastric ulcers, fever, hepatitis, arthritis, eczema, for hemostasis, and intoxication in folk medicine, has been an important constituent in many herbal formulae. We demonstrated that the water extract of O. japonicus led to growth inhibition of LX2 cells by inducing apoptosis through the caspase activation, related to the MAPK pathway. O. japonicus inhibited proliferation of LX2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, increased the apoptosis fraction at cell cycle progression with an accompanying DNA fragmentation, and resulted in a significant decrease in Bcl-2 and an increase in Bax mRNA levels. Exposure of LX2 cells to O. japonicus induced caspase-3 activation, however when the LX2 cells were also treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVE-FMK, apoptosis was blocked. O. japonicus inhibited anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein and MEK/ERK phosphorylation in LX2 cells. The results indicate that O. japonicus inhibits the cell growth of LX2 cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase activity. O. japonicus down-regulated Mcl-1 protein levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of MEK/ERK, suggesting that it mediates cell death in LX2 cells through the down-regulation of Mcl-1 protein via a MEK/ERK-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 130-702, South Korea
| | - Seung-Won Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-701, South Korea
| | - In-Hwa Choi
- Department of Oriental Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 134-090, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jung Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, South Korea
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, South Korea
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Sun TT, Zhang DW, Han Y, Dong FY, Wang W. Smilasides M and N, two new phenylpropanoid glycosides from Smilax riparia. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:165-170. [PMID: 22296157 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.641536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, smilasides M and N, together with the known compound 2',6'-diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose, were isolated and characterized from the roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia A. DC. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2',6'-diacetyl-3-Z-feruloyl-6-feruloylsucrose (1) and 2',6'-diacetyl-3-feruloyl-6-Z-feruloylsucrose (2) on the basis of extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Sun
- Institute of Phytochemistry, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
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Gao Y, Su Y, Qu L, Xu S, Meng L, Cai SQ, Shou C. Mitochondrial apoptosis contributes to the anti-cancer effect of Smilax glabra Roxb. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Qin Y, Pan X, Tang TT, Zhou L, Gong XG. Anti-proliferative effects of the novel squamosamide derivative (FLZ) on HepG2 human hepatoma cells by regulating the cell cycle-related proteins are associated with decreased Ca(2+)/ROS levels. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:246-53. [PMID: 21835169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
FLZ is a synthetic novel squamosamide derivative and has previously been proved to be a potential drug for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. FLZ has strong antioxidant activity, which implies that FLZ could eliminate excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells and induce a pathway related to low cellular ROS levels, thereby inhibiting tumor cells proliferation. However, few reports have focused on the antitumor effects of FLZ. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of FLZ in HepG2 cells and the mechanism of cell growth inhibition. FLZ effectively inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner; meanwhile, it was minimally toxic to normal cells. FLZ induced a significant decrease in oxidative stress through elimination of excessive intracellular ROS and strengthening of the glutathione antioxidant system. In addition, FLZ can effectively attenuate redundant [Ca(2+)](i), thereby avoiding uncontrolled amplification by Ca(2+)/ROS positive feedback. Furthermore, Western blot showed that FLZ inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and retinoblastoma protein (Rb), down-regulated the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and enhanced the expression of CDK inhibitor p27(kip1), while did not affect CDK4 expression. These results suggest that FLZ has potent anti-proliferative activity against malignant human hepatoma cells via modulation of the expression or activation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins, which are associated with decreased Ca(2+)/ROS levels, and indicate that FLZ is a potential liver cancer drug worthy of further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, PR China
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Agrawal SK, Agrawal M, Sharma PR, Gupta BD, Arora S, Saxena AK. Induction of apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells by an extract from Erythrina suberosa stem bark. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:802-13. [PMID: 21711175 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.573900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the apoptosis-inducing effect of an alcoholic extract from Erythrina suberosa stem bark (ESB) was investigated using human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. Cell viability was estimated by MTT assay. We found that the ESB inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A series of well-documented morphological changes, such as cell shrinkage, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and nuclear fragmentation, were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The gold standard scanning electron micrographs showed apoptotic bodies and formation of blebs. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in Sub G(0) population of cells above 50 μg/ml. ESB treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in annexin V positive cells. Increase in intracellular ROS production up to sixfold was detected in ESB-treated HL60 cells by DCFH-DA assay. Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential of intact cells accompanied by increase in cytosolic cytochrome c was observed, which was followed by activation of caspase-9 and -3 but not caspase-8. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed typical ladders as early as 18 h indicative of caspase-3 role in the apoptotic pathway. The overall results suggest that ESB induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in HL60 cells and might have therapeutic value against human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Kumar Agrawal
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai B, Wang N, He L. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the novel taspine derivative tas41 in the Caco-2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:406-415. [PMID: 21787711 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Taspine was screened and isolated for the first time from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. Tas41 is a novel taspine derivative. We investigated the effects of tas41 on proliferation of the Caco-2 cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). Changes in the cell cycle, apoptosis, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were investigated after Caco-2 cells were treated with tas41. At the same time, expressions of apoptosis protein bcl-2 and bax were determined. Tas41 was found to induce apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expressions of EGF, VEGF, CDK2, bcl-2 and bax were evaluated by ELISA, WB and RT-PCR. Tas41 had a better anti-proliferative effect than taspine on Caco-2 cells. A DNA ladder and apoptosis was observed, and the increased apoptotic activity by tas41 was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly increased in cells treated with tas41 compared with those in the control group. In addition, protein and mRNA expressions of bcl-2 were decreased, and protein and mRNA expressions of bax were increased. These findings demonstrate that tas41 can inhibit the proliferation of, and induce apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, downregulating the expressions of VEGF, upregulating the ratio of bax/bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #120, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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Schumacher M, Cerella C, Reuter S, Dicato M, Diederich M. Anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects of a methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract are mediated via modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. GENES AND NUTRITION 2010; 6:149-60. [PMID: 21484152 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (neem tree) is used in traditional Indian medicine for its pharmacological properties including cancer prevention and treatment. Here, we studied a neem extract's anti-inflammatory potential via the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, linked to cancer, inflammation, and apoptosis. Cultured human leukemia cells were treated with a methanolic neem leaf extract with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. Inhibition of NF-κB activity was demonstrated by luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Inhibition of viability by neem extracts was assessed by luminescent assays. Western blot analysis allowed assessing the inhibitory effect of the neem extract on TNF-α-induced degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50/p65 heterodimer. Inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) activity was shown as well as the effect of neem extract on the induction of apoptotic cell death mechanisms by nuclear fragmentation analysis and flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for a strong effect of the neem extract on pro-inflammatory cell signaling and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms triggered by Azadirachta indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schumacher
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang N, Dai B, Chen Y, He L. Effects of taspine on proliferation and apoptosis by regulating caspase-3 expression and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in A431 cells. Phytother Res 2010; 25:357-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W. Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:414-20. [PMID: 20580805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb, the rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of lead poisoning. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Smilax glabra extract (SGE) individually or combined with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) against the effects of lead acetate on oxidative stress and lead burden in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. The metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS SGE (300 mg/kg) showed very low toxicity to organs in non-lead exposed rats. Administration of SGE individually had no effect on blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level but significantly enhanced the glutathione (GSH) content and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in lead exposed rats. The co-treatment of SGE and DMSA had a synergism in increasing brain, liver and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and GSH level, and decreasing oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Moreover, the co-treatment could improve the hepatic and renal histopathology changes. SGE as chelating agent showed significant efficiency in reducing blood and tissue lead burden. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo results suggested that SGE individually or combined with DMSA exhibited remarkable protective effects on lead-induced oxidative stress and lead burden in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Bao YL, Wu Y, Yu CL, Huang YX, Sun Y, Zheng LH, Li YX. Butyrate induces cell apoptosis through activation of JNK MAP kinase pathway in human colon cancer RKO cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:174-81. [PMID: 20346929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate has been shown to display anti-cancer activity through the induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism involved in butyrate-induced apoptosis is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity mechanism of butyrate in human colon cancer RKO cells. The results showed that butyrate induced a strong growth inhibitory effect against RKO cells. Butyrate also effectively induced apoptosis in RKO cells, which was characterized by DNA fragmentation, nuclear staining of DAPI, and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased, whereas the apoptotic protein Bax increased in a dose-dependent manner during butyrate-induced apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of RKO cells with butyrate induced a sustained activation of the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the pharmacological inhibition of JNK MAPK by SP600125 significantly abolished the butyrate-induced apoptosis in RKO cells. These results suggest that butyrate acts on RKO cells via the JNK but not the p38 pathway. Butyrate triggered the caspase apoptotic pathway, indicated by an enhanced Bax-to-Bcl-2 expression ratio and caspase cascade reaction, which was blocked by SP600125. Taken together, our data indicate that butyrate induces apoptosis through JNK MAPK activation in colon cancer RKO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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