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Eagles SK, Gross AS, McLachlan AJ. The Effects of Cruciferous Vegetable-Enriched Diets on Drug Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Intervention Trials in Humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:212-227. [PMID: 32086800 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Relatively few studies exist in the literature that discuss the effects of diet on drug metabolism and how this can affect interindividual differences in systemic drug exposure. Several studies have investigated the effects of cruciferous vegetables (Cruciferae) or their constituents on drug-metabolizing activity, as these vegetables form an important part of many peoples' diets. In general, the ingestion of cruciferous vegetables is associated with induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity in vivo; however, there is contention between reports, and the clinical significance of potential diet-drug interactions remains unclear. This study reports a systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis of the published literature in this area, and discusses the clinical significance of Cruciferae-enriched diets in the context of diet-drug interactions. Twenty-three dietary intervention trials with drug metabolism end points were identified across Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL). Cruciferous vegetables represented in the literature included broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, and watercress. A range of phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes and phenotyping metrics were represented in the literature. The meta-analyses performed demonstrated a significant effect on CYP1A2 and glutathione S-transferase-alpha (GST-α), with consumption of Cruciferae increasing the activities of these enzymes by 20-40% and 15-35%, respectively. The results herein suggest that patients undergoing pharmacotherapy with CYP1A2 or GST-α substrates could have altered drug exposure profiles if they regularly eat large or variable amounts of cruciferous vegetables. Recommendations regarding the design of future randomized, controlled trials to test hypotheses in this area are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane K Eagles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette S Gross
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Clinical Pharmacology Modelling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline R & D, Ermington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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Zhang Y, Yan T, Sun D, Xie C, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Yagai T, Krausz KW, Bisson WH, Yang X, Gonzalez FJ. Structure-Activity Relationships of the Main Bioactive Constituents of Euodia rutaecarpa on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Associated Bile Acid Homeostasis. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1030-1040. [PMID: 29691238 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.080176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine (RUT), evodiamine (EOD), and dehydroevodiamine (DHED) are the three main bioactive indoloquinazoline alkaloids isolated from Euodia rutaecarpa, a widely prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Here, the structure-activity relationships of these analogs for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation were explored by use of Ahr-deficient (Ahr-/-) mice, primary hepatocyte cultures, luciferase reporter gene assays, in silico ligand-docking studies, and metabolomics. In vitro, both mRNA analysis of AHR target genes in mouse primary hepatocytes and luciferase reporter assays in hepatocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated that RUT, EOD, and DHED significantly activated AHR, with an efficacy order of RUT > DHED > EOD. Ligand-docking analysis predicted that the methyl substitute at the N-14 atom was a key factor affecting AHR activation. In vivo, EOD was poorly orally absorbed and failed to activate AHR, whereas RUT and DHED markedly upregulated expression of the hepatic AHR gene battery in wild-type mice, but not in Ahr-/- mice. Furthermore, RUT, EOD, and DHED were not hepatotoxic at the doses used; however, RUT and DHED disrupted bile acid homeostasis in an AHR-dependent manner. These findings revealed that the methyl group at the N-14 atom of these analogs and their pharmacokinetic behaviors were the main determinants for AHR activation, and suggest that attention should be given to monitoring bile acid metabolism in the clinical use of E. rutaecarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - William H Bisson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Xiuwei Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Yo.Z., Ti.Y., D.S. C.X., To.Y., K.W.K., F.J.G.); State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Yo.Z., Yi.Z., L.Z., X.Y.); Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (W.H.B.); and College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (D.S.)
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