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Smythies LE, Belyaeva OV, Alexander KL, Bimczok D, Nick HJ, Serrano CA, Huff KR, Nearing M, Musgrove L, Poovey EH, Garth J, Russ K, Baig KRKK, Crossman DK, Peter S, Cannon JA, Elson CO, Kedishvili NY, Smith PD. Human intestinal stromal cells promote homeostasis in normal mucosa but inflammation in Crohn's disease in a retinoic acid-deficient manner. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00063-1. [PMID: 38945396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stromal cells (SCs), which synthesize the extracellular matrix that gives the mucosa its structure, are newly appreciated to play a role in mucosal inflammation. Here, we show that human intestinal vimentin+CD90+smooth muscle actin- SCs synthesize retinoic acid (RA) at levels equivalent to intestinal epithelial cells, a function in the human intestine previously attributed exclusively to epithelial cells. Crohn's disease SCs (Crohn's SCs), however, synthesized markedly less RA than SCs from healthy intestine (normal SCs). We also show that microbe-stimulated Crohn's SCs, which are more inflammatory than stimulated normal SCs, induced less RA-regulated differentiation of mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) (circulating pre-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs), leading to the generation of more potent inflammatory interferon-γhi/interleukin-17hi T cells than normal SCs. Explaining these results, Crohn's SCs expressed more DHRS3, a retinaldehyde reductase that inhibits retinol conversion to retinal and, thus, synthesized less RA than normal SCs. These findings uncover a microbe-SC-DC crosstalk in which luminal microbes induce Crohn's disease SCs to initiate and perpetuate inflammation through impaired synthesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley E Smythies
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Heidi J Nick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carolina A Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kayci R Huff
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marie Nearing
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lois Musgrove
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emily H Poovey
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kirk Russ
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kondal R K K Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajan Peter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jamie A Cannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip D Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Randén-Brady R, Carpén T, Hautala LC, Tolvanen T, Haglund C, Joenväärä S, Mattila P, Mäkitie A, Lehtonen S, Hagström J, Silén S. LRG1 and SDR16C5 protein expressions differ according to HPV status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14148. [PMID: 38898137 PMCID: PMC11187215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is primarily due to human papillomavirus, and understanding the tumor biology caused by the virus is crucial. Our goal was to investigate the proteins present in the serum of patients with OPSCC, which were not previously studied in OPSCC tissue. We examined the difference in expression of these proteins between HPV-positive and -negative tumors and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. The study included 157 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and clinicopathological data. Based on the protein levels in the sera of OPSCC patients, we selected 12 proteins and studied their expression in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines. LRG1, SDR16C5, PIP4K2C and MVD proteins were selected for immunohistochemical analysis in HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC tissue samples. These protein´s expression levels were compared with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival to investigate their clinical relevance. LRG1 expression was strong in HPV-negative whereas SDR16C5 expression was strong in HPV-positive tumors. Correlation was observed between LRG1, SDR16C5, and PIP4K2C expression and patient survival. High expression of PIP4K2C was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and expression correlated with HPV-positive tumor status. The data suggest the possible role of LRG1, SDR16C5 and PIP4K2C in OPSCC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reija Randén-Brady
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura C Hautala
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Tolvanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Joenväärä
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Mattila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Silén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Tang W, Gui C, Zhang T. Expression, Purification, and Bioinformatic Prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0439c as a Potential NADP +-Retinol Dehydrogenase. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00956-z. [PMID: 37989944 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has been repeatedly annotated and updated, a range of proteins from this human pathogen have unknown functions. Mtb Rv0439c, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases superfamily, has yet to be cloned and characterized, and its function remains unclear. In this work, we present for the first time the optimized expression and purification of this enzyme, as well as bioinformatic analysis to unveil its potential coenzyme and substrate. Optimized expression in Escherichia coli yielded soluble Rv0439c, while certain tag fusions resulted in insolubility. Sequence and docking analyses strongly suggested that Rv0439c has a clear preference for NADP+, with Arg53 being a key residue that confers coenzyme specificity. Furthermore, functional prediction using CLEAN and DEEPre servers suggested that this protein is a potential NADP+-retinol dehydrogenase (EC No. 1.1.1.300) in retinol metabolism, and this was supported by a BLASTp search and docking studies. Collectively, our findings provide a solid basis for future functional characterization and structural studies of Rv0439c, which will contribute to enhanced understanding of Mtb biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanggang Tang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China.
| | - Chuanyue Gui
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
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Novel acetylation-related gene signatures for predicting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1159-1173. [PMID: 35604486 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation may affect the tumorigenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is still a lack of studies exploring the effect of acetylation-related genes on the prognosis of CRC. To explore the role of acetylation-related genes in CRC prognosis using bioinformatics strategies, the expression data and survival information of CRC patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The Molecular Signatures Database was used to select acetylation-related genes. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival analysis. Cibersort and pRRophetics were used to analyze immune infiltration and predict drug sensitivity, respectively. By implementing independent prognostic factors, a nomogram model was constructed. The result showed that a total of 48 prognostic genes which screened from the acetylation-related gene set were mainly enriched in ABC transporters and acetylation/deacetylation-related pathways. Three gene signatures (SDR16C5, MEAF6, and SOX4) were further defined, and a prognostic model was constructed that showed high sensitivity and specificity for predicting CRC prognosis in both training and validation cohorts. Patients with different prognostic risks also presented differential expression of gene signatures, infiltration of activated CD4 memory T cells, and drug sensitivity to bicalutamide, gefitinib, Lenalidomide, and imatinib. The nomogram suggested the potential of a risk score-based model in predicting 1- and 2-year survival in patients with CRC. In conclusion, we proposed three gene signatures from an acetylation-related gene set as potential targets for epigenetic therapy and constructed a prognostic model for CRC.
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6
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Kovač Peić A, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Brilliant K, Callanan H, Hixson DC, Begić M, Josić D. Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1388-1398. [PMID: 33837589 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug-induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP-treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post-translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha-1-macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP-treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Brilliant
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helen Callanan
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Douglas C Hixson
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marija Begić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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7
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Sirbu IO, Chiş AR, Moise AR. Role of carotenoids and retinoids during heart development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158636. [PMID: 31978553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional requirements of the developing embryo are complex. In the case of dietary vitamin A (retinol, retinyl esters and provitamin A carotenoids), maternal derived nutrients serve as precursors to signaling molecules such as retinoic acid, which is required for embryonic patterning and organogenesis. Despite variations in the composition and levels of maternal vitamin A, embryonic tissues need to generate a precise amount of retinoic acid to avoid congenital malformations. Here, we summarize recent findings regarding the role and metabolism of vitamin A during heart development and we survey the association of genes known to affect retinoid metabolism or signaling with various inherited disorders. A better understanding of the roles of vitamin A in the heart and of the factors that affect retinoid metabolism and signaling can help design strategies to meet nutritional needs and to prevent birth defects and disorders associated with altered retinoid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; Timisoara Institute of Complex Systems, V. Lucaciu 18, 300044 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Aimée Rodica Chiş
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexander Radu Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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8
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Belyaeva OV, Adams MK, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010005. [PMID: 31861321 PMCID: PMC7022914 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid, the bioactive derivative of vitamin A, is critically important for the optimal performance of numerous physiological processes. Either too little or too much of retinoic acid in developing or adult tissues is equally harmful. All-trans-retinoic acid is produced by the irreversible oxidation of all-trans-retinaldehyde. Thus, the concentration of retinaldehyde as the immediate precursor of retinoic acid has to be tightly controlled. However, the enzymes that produce all-trans-retinaldehyde for retinoic acid biosynthesis and the mechanisms responsible for the control of retinaldehyde levels have not yet been fully defined. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the identities of physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases, their enzymatic properties, and tissue distribution, and to discuss potential mechanisms for the regulation of the flux from retinol to retinaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-4024
| | - Mark K. Adams
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Kirill M. Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Natalia Y. Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
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Wu L, Belyaeva OV, Adams MK, Klyuyeva AV, Lee SA, Goggans KR, Kesterson RA, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Mice lacking the epidermal retinol dehydrogenases SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 display accelerated hair growth and enlarged meibomian glands. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17060-17074. [PMID: 31562240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenases catalyze the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, a bioactive lipid molecule that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes by binding to nuclear transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors. Several enzymes exhibit retinol dehydrogenase activities in vitro; however, their physiological relevance for retinoic acid biosynthesis in vivo remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that two murine epidermal retinol dehydrogenases, short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5 (SDR16C5) and SDR16C6, contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in living cells and are also essential for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde in vivo Mice with targeted knockout of the more catalytically active SDR16C6 enzyme have no obvious phenotype, possibly due to functional redundancy, because Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 exhibit an overlapping expression pattern during later developmental stages and in adulthood. Mice that lack both enzymes are viable and fertile but display accelerated hair growth after shaving and also enlarged meibomian glands, consistent with a nearly 80% reduction in the retinol dehydrogenase activities of skin membrane fractions from the Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6 double-knockout mice. The up-regulation of hair-follicle stem cell genes is consistent with reduced retinoic acid signaling in the skin of the double-knockout mice. These results indicate that the retinol dehydrogenase activities of murine SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 enzymes are not critical for survival but are responsible for most of the retinol dehydrogenase activity in skin, essential for the regulation of the hair-follicle cycle, and required for the maintenance of both sebaceous and meibomian glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mark K Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirill M Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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10
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Defo MA, Douville M, Giraudo M, Brodeur P, Boily M, Houde M. RNA-sequencing to assess the health of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations from the St. Lawrence River, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1657-1668. [PMID: 30296762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand in situ cumulative effects of anthropogenic stressors on the health of St. Lawrence River (QC, Canada) yellow perch populations using high-throughput transcriptomics and a multi-biological level approach. Fish were collected in the upstream fluvial Lake Saint-François (LSF) with low degree of environmental perturbations; Lake Saint-Louis (LSL) considered having a moderate degree of anthropogenic stressors, and Lake Saint-Pierre (LSP) a sector where the perch population has been severely declining. Morphometric results indicated that fish from the downstream LSP showed lower body condition compared to LSF and LSL. Liver transcriptomic responses were assessed by RNA-sequencing. Two hundred and eighty genes were over-transcribed in LSP perch while 200 genes were under-transcribed compared to LSF and LSL. In LSP fish, genes transcripts related to reproduction, retinol, iron, thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and immune functions were among the most abundant suggesting that multiple metabolic and physiological pathways were impacted by environmental stressors at this site. Inhibition of liver superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also observed at the cellular level. Overall, identified impacted biological pathways in perch from LSP may help understand the precarious state of this population and identify the factors inhibiting its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Douville
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Maeva Giraudo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Philippe Brodeur
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la gestion de la faune de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec, 100 rue Laviolette, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5S9, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Groupe de Recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN). Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
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11
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Combination of novel and public RNA-seq datasets to generate an mRNA expression atlas for the domestic chicken. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:594. [PMID: 30086717 PMCID: PMC6081845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) is widely used as a model in developmental biology and is also an important livestock species. We describe a novel approach to data integration to generate an mRNA expression atlas for the chicken spanning major tissue types and developmental stages, using a diverse range of publicly-archived RNA-seq datasets and new data derived from immune cells and tissues. Results Randomly down-sampling RNA-seq datasets to a common depth and quantifying expression against a reference transcriptome using the mRNA quantitation tool Kallisto ensured that disparate datasets explored comparable transcriptomic space. The network analysis tool Graphia was used to extract clusters of co-expressed genes from the resulting expression atlas, many of which were tissue or cell-type restricted, contained transcription factors that have previously been implicated in their regulation, or were otherwise associated with biological processes, such as the cell cycle. The atlas provides a resource for the functional annotation of genes that currently have only a locus ID. We cross-referenced the RNA-seq atlas to a publicly available embryonic Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) dataset to infer the developmental time course of organ systems, and to identify a signature of the expansion of tissue macrophage populations during development. Conclusion Expression profiles obtained from public RNA-seq datasets – despite being generated by different laboratories using different methodologies – can be made comparable to each other. This meta-analytic approach to RNA-seq can be extended with new datasets from novel tissues, and is applicable to any species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4972-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Blanchoud S, Rutherford K, Zondag L, Gemmell NJ, Wilson MJ. De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome provides further insight into tunicate evolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5518. [PMID: 29615780 PMCID: PMC5882950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunicates are marine invertebrates that compose the closest phylogenetic group to the vertebrates. These chordates present a particularly diverse range of regenerative abilities and life-history strategies. Consequently, tunicates provide an extraordinary perspective into the emergence and diversity of these traits. Here we describe the genome sequencing, annotation and analysis of the Stolidobranchian Botrylloides leachii. We have produced a high-quality 159 Mb assembly, 82% of the predicted 194 Mb genome. Analysing genome size, gene number, repetitive elements, orthologs clustering and gene ontology terms show that B. leachii has a genomic architecture similar to that of most solitary tunicates, while other recently sequenced colonial ascidians have undergone genome expansion. In addition, ortholog clustering has identified groups of candidate genes for the study of colonialism and whole-body regeneration. By analysing the structure and composition of conserved gene linkages, we observed examples of cluster breaks and gene dispersions, suggesting that several lineage-specific genome rearrangements occurred during tunicate evolution. We also found lineage-specific gene gain and loss within conserved cell-signalling pathways. Such examples of genetic changes within conserved cell-signalling pathways commonly associated with regeneration and development that may underlie some of the diverse regenerative abilities observed in tunicates. Overall, these results provide a novel resource for the study of tunicates and of colonial ascidians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blanchoud
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Zondag
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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13
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Abstract
Multiple binding and transport proteins facilitate many aspects of retinoid biology through effects on retinoid transport, cellular uptake, metabolism, and nuclear delivery. These include the serum retinol binding protein sRBP (aka Rbp4), the plasma membrane sRBP receptor Stra6, and the intracellular retinoid binding-proteins such as cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid binding-proteins (CRABP). sRBP transports the highly lipophilic retinol through an aqueous medium. The major intracellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP1, likely enhances efficient retinoid use by providing a sink to facilitate retinol uptake from sRBP through the plasma membrane or via Stra6, delivering retinol or retinal to select enzymes that generate retinyl esters or retinoic acid, and protecting retinol/retinal from excess catabolism or opportunistic metabolism. Intracellular retinoic acid binding-proteins (CRABP1 and 2, and FABP5) seem to have more diverse functions distinctive to each, such as directing retinoic acid to catabolism, delivering retinoic acid to specific nuclear receptors, and generating non-canonical actions. Gene ablation of intracellular retinoid binding-proteins does not cause embryonic lethality or gross morphological defects. Metabolic and functional defects manifested in knockouts of CRBP1, CRBP2 and CRBP3, however, illustrate their essentiality to health, and in the case of CRBP2, to survival during limited dietary vitamin A. Future studies should continue to address the specific molecular interactions that occur between retinoid binding-proteins and their targets and their precise physiologic contributions to retinoid homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Napoli
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, 119 Morgan Hall, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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14
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3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhance the Toxicity Induced by Copper in Rat Astrocyte Culture. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2371895. [PMID: 28831293 PMCID: PMC5555010 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2371895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an integral component of various enzymes, necessary for mitochondrial respiration and other biological functions. Excess copper is related with neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer and is able to modify cellular redox environment, influencing its functions, signaling, and catabolic pathways. Tryptophan degradation through kynurenine pathway produces some metabolites with redox properties as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA). The imbalance in their production is related with some neuropathologies, where the common factors are oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. This study evaluated the effect of these kynurenines on the copper toxicity in astrocyte cultures. It assessed the CuSO4 effect, alone and in combination with 3-HK or 3-HANA on MTT reduction, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), GHS levels, and cell viability in primary cultured astrocytes. Also, the chelating copper effect of 3-HK and 3-HANA was evaluated. The results showed that CuSO4 decreased MTT reduction, MMP, and GSH levels while ROS production and cell death are increasing. Coincubation with 3-HK and 3-HANA enhances the toxic effect of copper in all the markers tested except in ROS production, which was abolished by these kynurenines. Data suggest that 3-HK and 3-HANA increased copper toxicity in an independent manner to ROS production.
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15
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Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Saedisomeolia A, Abdolahi M, Shayeganrad A, Taheri Sangsari G, Hassanzadeh Rad B, Muench G. Molecular Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Retinoids and Carotenoids in Alzheimer's Disease: a Review of Current Evidence. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:289-304. [PMID: 27864661 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive loss of mental function and ability to learn. AD is a multifactorial disorder. Various hypotheses are suggested for the pathophysiology of AD including "Aβ hypothesis," "tau hypothesis," and "cholinergic hypothesis." Recently, it has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation causes synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death within the brain. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators induces Aβ peptide production/accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau generating inflammatory molecules and cytokines. These inflammatory molecules disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity and increase the production of Aβ42 oligomers. Retinoids and carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents having neuroprotective properties. They are able to prevent disease progression through several mechanisms such as suppression of Aβ peptide production/accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory mediator's secretion as well as improvement of cognitive performance. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of retinoids and carotenoids through multiple pathways. Therefore, the administration of these nutrients is considered as a promising approach to the prevention and/or treatment of AD in the future. The aim of this review is to present existing evidences regarding the beneficial effects of retinoids and carotenoids on AD's risk and outcomes, seeking the mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia. .,School of Molecular Bioscience, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mina Abdolahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayeganrad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Gerald Muench
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
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16
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Characterization of human short chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR16C family members related to retinol dehydrogenase 10. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 276:88-94. [PMID: 27793605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a bioactive derivative of vitamin A that serves as an activating ligand for nuclear transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors. RA biosynthesis is initiated by the enzymes that oxidize retinol to retinaldehyde. It is well established that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10, SDR16C4), which belongs to the 16C family of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins, is the major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for RA biosynthesis during embryogenesis. However, several lines of evidence point towards the existence of additional retinol dehydrogenases that contribute to RA biosynthesis in vivo. In close proximity to RDH10 gene on human chromosome 8 are located two genes that are phylogenetically related to RDH10. The predicted protein products of these genes, retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6), share 59% and 56% sequence similarity with RDH10, respectively. Previously, we showed that the single ortholog of the human RDHE2 and RDHE2S in frogs, Xenopus laevis rdhe2, oxidizes retinol to retinaldehyde and is essential for frog embryonic development. In this study, we explored the potential of each of the two human proteins to contribute to RA biosynthesis. The results of this study demonstrate that human RDHE2 exhibits a relatively low but reproducible activity when expressed in either HepG2 or HEK293 cells. Expression of the native RDHE2 is downregulated in the presence of elevated levels of RA. On the other hand, the protein encoded by the human RDHE2S gene is unstable when expressed in HEK293 cells. RDHE2S protein produced in Sf9 cells is stable but has no detectable catalytic activity towards retinol. We conclude that the human RDHE2S does not contribute to RA biosynthesis, whereas the low-activity RA-sensitive human RDHE2 may have a role in adjusting the cellular levels of RA in accord with specific physiological conditions.
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17
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Martí-Solans J, Belyaeva OV, Torres-Aguila NP, Kedishvili NY, Albalat R, Cañestro C. Coelimination and Survival in Gene Network Evolution: Dismantling the RA-Signaling in a Chordate. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2401-16. [PMID: 27406791 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bloom of genomics is revealing gene loss as a pervasive evolutionary force generating genetic diversity that shapes the evolution of species. Outside bacteria and yeast, however, the understanding of the process of gene loss remains elusive, especially in the evolution of animal species. Here, using the dismantling of the retinoic acid metabolic gene network (RA-MGN) in the chordate Oikopleura dioica as a case study, we combine approaches of comparative genomics, phylogenetics, biochemistry, and developmental biology to investigate the mutational robustness associated to biased patterns of gene loss. We demonstrate the absence of alternative pathways for RA-synthesis in O. dioica, which suggests that gene losses of RA-MGN were not compensated by mutational robustness, but occurred in a scenario of regressive evolution. In addition, the lack of drastic phenotypic changes associated to the loss of RA-signaling provides an example of the inverse paradox of Evo-Devo. This work illustrates how the identification of patterns of gene coelimination-in our case five losses (Rdh10, Rdh16, Bco1, Aldh1a, and Cyp26)-is a useful strategy to recognize gene network modules associated to distinct functions. Our work also illustrates how the identification of survival genes helps to recognize neofunctionalization events and ancestral functions. Thus, the survival and extensive duplication of Cco and RdhE2 in O. dioica correlated with the acquisition of complex compartmentalization of expression domains in the digestive system and a process of enzymatic neofunctionalization of the Cco, while the surviving Aldh8 could be related to its ancestral housekeeping role against toxic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Martí-Solans
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama-Birmingham
| | - Nuria P Torres-Aguila
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama-Birmingham
| | - Ricard Albalat
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Ebert B, Kisiela M, Maser E. Transcriptional regulation of human and murine short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs) – an in silico approach. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:183-217. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2016.1167902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ebert
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) was identified as the biologically active form of vitamin A almost 70 years ago and work on its function and mechanism of action is still of major interest both from a scientific and a clinical perspective. The currently accepted model postulates that RA is produced in two sequential oxidative steps: first, retinol is oxidized reversibly to retinaldehyde, and then retinaldehyde is oxidized irreversibly to RA. Excess RA is inactivated by conversion to hydroxylated derivatives. Much is left to learn, especially about retinoid binding proteins and the trafficking of the hydrophobic retinoid substrates between membrane bound and cytosolic enzymes. Here, background on development of the field and an update on recent advances in our understanding of the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms that control the rate of RA production and degradation are presented with a focus on the many questions that remain unanswered.
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20
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Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 8 (DHRS8): a description and evaluation of its biochemical properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:35-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Jang HJ, Ha BK, Zhou J, Ahn J, Yoon SH, Kim SW. Selective retinol production by modulating the composition of retinoids from metabolically engineeredE. coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1604-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jeong Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
- Life Science Research Institute; Daewoong Pharmaceutical Corporation; Yongin Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Ha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
| | - Jia Zhou
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
| | - Jiyoon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Sang-Hwal Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
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22
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Defo MA, Bernatchez L, Campbell PGC, Couture P. Transcriptional and biochemical markers in transplanted Perca flavescens to characterize cadmium- and copper-induced oxidative stress in the field. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:39-53. [PMID: 25770975 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress achieved in elucidating the mechanisms underlying local adaptation to pollution, little is known about the evolutionary change that may be occurring at the molecular level. The goal of this study was to examine patterns of gene transcription and biochemical responses induced by metal accumulation in clean yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and metal depuration in contaminated fish in a mining and smelting region of Canada. Fish were collected from a reference lake (lake Opasatica) and a Cd, Cu and Zn contaminated lake (lake Dufault) located in the Rouyn-Noranda region (Qc, Canada) and caged for one or four weeks in their own lake or transplanted in the other lake. Free-ranging fish from the same lakes were also collected. Kidney Cd and Cu concentrations in clean fish caged in the contaminated lake increased with the time of exposure, but metal depuration did not occur in contaminated fish caged in the clean lake. After 4 weeks, the major retinoid metabolites analysed, the percentage of free dehydroretinol (dROH) and the retinol dehydrogenase-2 (rdh-2) transcription level in liver decreased in clean fish transplanted into the metal-contaminated lake, suggesting that metal exposure negatively impacted retinoid metabolism. However, we observed an increase in almost all of the retinoid parameters analysed in fish from the metal-impacted lake caged in the same lake, which we interpret as an adaptation response to higher ambient metal concentration. In support of this hypothesis, liver transcription levels of microsomal glutathione-S-transferase-3 (mgst-3) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) were enhanced in clean fish transplanted into the metal-contaminated lake and this up-regulation was accompanied by an increase in the activities of corresponding enzymes, involved in antioxidant response. However, although in the same fish the transcription level of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn sod) was also increased, this did not lead to a change in the activity of the SOD enzyme, suggesting that this upregulation was aimed at maintaining SOD-related antioxidant capacities. In contrast, the transcription level of the cat gene, which did not change in contaminated fish, did not compensate for the decrease of CAT activity. After 4 weeks of exposure, some plastic responses of the clean fish were observed when they were transplanted in the metal-contaminated lake. However, probably as a consequence of the prior 80 years of exposure to metals, the contaminated population showed a limited plastic response in the expression of the majority of the candidate genes tested, when they were transplanted in the reference lake. The overall findings of this field investigation highlight how yellow perch molecularly and biochemically responded to a sudden or relatively long-term exposure (4 weeks) to a cocktail of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 De La Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter G C Campbell
- Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 De La Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 De La Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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23
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Belyaeva OV, Chang C, Berlett MC, Kedishvili NY. Evolutionary origins of retinoid active short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases of SDR16C family. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:135-43. [PMID: 25451586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate enzymes that belong to the 16C family of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR16C) were shown to play an essential role in the control of retinoic acid (RA) levels during development. To trace the evolution of enzymatic function of SDR16C family, and to examine the origins of the pathway for RA biosynthesis from vitamin A, we identified putative SDR16C enzymes through the extensive search of available genome sequencing data in a subset of species representing major metazoan phyla. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that enzymes from protostome, non-chordate deuterostome and invertebrate chordate species are found in three clades of SDR16C family containing retinoid active enzymes, which are retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), retinol dehydrogenases E2 (RDHE2) and RDHE2-similar, and dehydrogenase reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3). For the initial functional analysis, we cloned RDH10- and RDHE2-related enzymes from the early developmental stages of a non-chordate deuterostome, green sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, and an invertebrate chordate, sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. In situ hybridization revealed that these proteins are expressed in a pattern relevant to development, while assays performed on proteins expressed in mammalian cell culture showed that they possess retinol-oxidizing activity as their vertebrate homologs. The existence of invertebrate homologs of DHRS3 was inferred from the analysis of phylogeny and cofactor-binding residues characteristic of preference for NADP(H). The presence of invertebrate homologs in the DHRS3 group of SDR16C is interesting in light of the complex mutually activating interaction, which we have recently described for human RDH10 and DHRS3 enzymes. Further functional analysis of these homologs will establish whether this interaction evolved to control retinoid homeostasis only in vertebrates, or is also conserved in pre-vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael C Berlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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24
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Lundová T, Zemanová L, Malčeková B, Skarka A, Štambergová H, Havránková J, Šafr M, Wsól V. Molecular and biochemical characterisation of human short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 (DHRS3). Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:178-87. [PMID: 25451588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), also known as retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (retSDR1) is a member of SDR16C family. This family is thought to be NADP(H) dependent and to have multiple substrates; however, to date, only all-trans-retinal has been identified as a DHRS3 substrate. The reductive reaction catalysed by DHRS3 seems to be physiological, and recent studies proved the importance of DHRS3 for maintaining suitable retinoic acid levels during embryonic development in vivo. Although it seems that DHRS3 is an important protein, knowledge of the protein and its properties is quite limited, with the majority of information being more than 15 years old. This study aimed to generate a more comprehensive characterisation of the DHRS3 protein. Recombinant enzyme was prepared and demonstrated to be a microsomal, integral-membrane protein with the C-terminus oriented towards the cytosol, consistent with its preference of NADPH as a cofactor. It was determined that DHRS3 also participates in the metabolism of other endogenous compounds, such as androstenedione, estrone, and DL-glyceraldehyde, and in the biotransformation of xenobiotics (e.g., NNK and acetohexamide) in addition to all-trans-retinal. Purified and reconstituted enzyme was prepared for the first time and will be used for further studies. Expression of DHRS3 was shown at the level of both mRNA and protein in the human liver, testis and small intestine. This new information could open other areas of DHRS3 protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Lundová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Malčeková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Štambergová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Havránková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šafr
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Wsól
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Defo MA, Bernatchez L, Campbell PGC, Couture P. Waterborne cadmium and nickel impact oxidative stress responses and retinoid metabolism in yellow perch. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:207-220. [PMID: 24915613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, we studied the transcriptional and functional (enzymatic) responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to metal stress, with a focus on oxidative stress and vitamin A metabolism. Juvenile yellow perch were exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) for a period of 6 weeks. Kidney Cd and Ni bioaccumulation significantly increased with increasing metal exposure. The major retinoid metabolites analyzed in liver and muscle decreased with metal exposure except at high Cd exposure where no variation was reported in liver. A decrease in free plasma dehydroretinol was also observed with metal exposure. In the liver of Cd-exposed fish, both epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2 transcription level and corresponding enzyme activities retinyl ester hydrolase and lecithin dehydroretinyl acyl transferase increased. In contrast, muscle epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2 transcription level decreased with Cd exposure. Among antioxidant defences, liver transcription levels of catalase, microsomal glutathione-S-transferase-3 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were generally enhanced in Cd-exposed fish and this up-regulation was accompanied by an increase in the activities of corresponding enzymes, except for microsomal glutathione-S-transferase. No consistent pattern in antioxidant defence responses was observed between molecular and biochemical response when fish were exposed to Ni, suggesting a non-synchronous response of antioxidant defence in fish exposed to waterborne Ni. There was a general lack of consistency between muscle transcription level and enzyme activities analyzed. The overall findings from this investigation highlight the usefulness of transcriptional and biochemical endpoints in the identification of oxidative stress and vitamin A metabolism impairment biomarkers and the potential use of multi-level biological approaches when assessing environmental risk in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter G C Campbell
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Consequences of metal exposure on retinoid metabolism in vertebrates: a review. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:1-11. [PMID: 24291063 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
What we generally refer to as 'vitamin A' is a group of naturally-occurring molecules structurally similar to retinol that are capable of exerting biological activity. These retinoids are essential to diverse physiological functions including vision, immune response, bone mineralization, reproduction, cell differentiation, and growth. As well, some retinoids have antioxidant properties. Independent studies published over the last few decades have revealed that many fish and wildlife populations living in highly polluted environments have altered retinoid status possibly associated with retinoid metabolic or homeostatic mechanisms. Substantial evidence links organic contaminant exposure with changes in retinoid status in animal populations, but only a few detailed studies have been published implicating inorganic contaminants such as metals. This mini-review selectively deals with field and laboratory studies reporting associations between environmental contaminants, especially trace metals, and alterations in retinoid status. Both essential and non-essential trace metals have been reported to affect retinoid status. This review focuses on metabolic imbalances of retinoids in relation to metal contamination and illustrates possible modes of action. The role of retinoids as antioxidants and their potential as biomarkers of metal contamination are discussed.
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Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-phenylephrine by recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene from Serratia quinivorans BCRC 14811. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kedishvili NY. Enzymology of retinoic acid biosynthesis and degradation. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1744-60. [PMID: 23630397 PMCID: PMC3679379 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r037028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A that regulates numerous physiological processes. The concentration of retinoic acid in the cells is tightly regulated, but the exact mechanisms responsible for this regulation are not completely understood, largely because the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid have not been fully defined. Recent studies using in vitro and in vivo models suggest that several members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily of proteins are essential for retinoic acid biosynthesis and the maintenance of retinoic acid homeostasis. However, the exact roles of some of these recently identified enzymes are yet to be characterized. The properties of the known contributors to retinoid metabolism have now been better defined and allow for more detailed understanding of their interactions with retinoid-binding proteins and other retinoid enzymes. At the same time, further studies are needed to clarify the interactions between the cytoplasmic and membrane-bound proteins involved in the processing of hydrophobic retinoid metabolites. This review summarizes current knowledge about the roles of various biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes in the regulation of retinoic acid homeostasis and outlines the remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Defo MA, Pierron F, Spear PA, Bernatchez L, Campbell PGC, Couture P. Evidence for metabolic imbalance of vitamin A2 in wild fish chronically exposed to metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 85:88-95. [PMID: 22959581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study on indigenous yellow perch chronically exposed to metals, we reported a negative correlation between liver metal concentration and liver transcription levels of genes encoding for enzymes involved in the metabolism of retinoids. We therefore speculated that metals, and especially the non-essential metal Cd, could alter the metabolism of retinoids in wild fish. Thus the present field study investigates the impact of in situ metal exposure on retinoid storage. A total of 55 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were sampled in six lakes representing a metal contamination gradient (8≤N≤10 per lake). Our results show that yellow perch from Cd-contaminated lakes had significantly higher concentrations of liver dehydroretinol and dehydroretinyl esters than did fish from reference lakes. However, the increase in retinyl ester stores with increasing Cd concentrations was quantitatively much more important than the increase in free dehydroretinol. As a result, a significant decrease in the percentage of hepatic free dehydroretinol with increasing renal Cd concentrations was observed. These results suggest that the enzymes and the binding proteins involved in vitamin A homeostasis are inhibited by the presence of Cd. Alternatively, the increase in tissue vitamin A (antioxidant) levels could serve to better counteract the oxidative stress engendered by Cd exposure. Overall our findings illustrate that vitamin A(2) homeostasis can be altered as a consequence of chronic exposure to low Cd concentrations. Thus, in the context of environmental risk assessment, the percentage of liver free dehydroretinol can be considered as a biomarker of for in situ Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Institut national de la Recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre et Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada G1K 9A9
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Belyaeva OV, Lee SA, Adams MK, Chang C, Kedishvili NY. Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase rdhe2 is a novel retinol dehydrogenase essential for frog embryonic development. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9061-71. [PMID: 22291023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.336727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes responsible for the rate-limiting step in retinoic acid biosynthesis, the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, during embryogenesis and in adulthood have not been fully defined. Here, we report that a novel member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, frog sdr16c5, acts as a highly active retinol dehydrogenase (rdhe2) that promotes retinoic acid biosynthesis when expressed in mammalian cells. In vivo assays of rdhe2 function show that overexpression of rdhe2 in frog embryos leads to posteriorization and induction of defects resembling those caused by retinoic acid toxicity. Conversely, antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of endogenous rdhe2 results in phenotypes consistent with retinoic acid deficiency, such as defects in anterior neural tube closure, microcephaly with small eye formation, disruption of somitogenesis, and curved body axis with bent tail. Higher doses of morpholino induce embryonic lethality. Analyses of retinoic acid levels using either endogenous retinoic acid-sensitive gene hoxd4 or retinoic acid reporter cell line both show that the levels of retinoic acid are significantly decreased in rdhe2 morphants. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that Xenopus rdhe2 functions as a retinol dehydrogenase essential for frog embryonic development in vivo. Importantly, the retinol oxidizing activity of frog rdhe2 is conserved in its mouse homologs, suggesting that rdhe2-related enzymes may represent the previously unrecognized physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases that contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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