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Akinmoladun AC, Bello M, Ibukun EO. Upregulation of PCSK9, rho kinase and cardiac troponin by Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract improves fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiac dysfunction in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1219-1228. [PMID: 34270371 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1931340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effect of Eucalyptus globulus in diabetic cardiac dysfunction and the possible mechanisms involved have not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of ethanol leaf extract of E. globulus (NEE) on the cardiac function of fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type-2 diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose feeding for 14 days and an intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin. Diabetic animals were treated with NEE (100-400 mg/kg) or 5 mg/kg glibenclamide orally for 21 days. Biochemical assays, histopathological examination and analyses of PCSK9, Rho kinase and Cardiac troponin expression were performed. RESULTS The untreated diabetic group showed decreased expression of the genes, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, increased activities of creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase, reduced nitric oxide level, and depletion of cardiomyocytes, which were reversed in NEE treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Eucalyptus globulus ameliorated diabetic cardiac dysfunction through increased PCSK9, Rho kinase and Cardiac troponin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Morenikejimi Bello
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Oluwafemi Ibukun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) pharmacokinetics and molecular interactions towards amelioration of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia associated hepatorenal oxidative injury in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bello M, Jiddah-kazeem B, Fatoki TH, Ibukun EO, Akinmoladun AC. Antioxidant property of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Extracts and inhibitory activities on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes related to type-2 diabetes. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Duskaev GK, Kvan OV, Rakhmatullin SG. Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract alters the productivity and blood parameters of healthy broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 13:2673-2680. [PMID: 33487986 PMCID: PMC7811550 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2673-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim As an alternative to natural and chemically synthesized direct-acting bactericides, there has been an increase in the use of plant extracts, which possess a set of phytochemicals with potential for microbial disease control; this is due to the spectrum of secondary metabolites present in extracts, which include phenolic compounds, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyacetylenes. The biologically active substances within plant extracts, which perform protective functions for plant tissues, can have ambiguous effects on the animal body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the ability of gamma-octalactone, isolated from Eucalyptus viminalis extract, to inhibit various LuxI/LuxR quorum-sensing (QS) systems in bacteria, and to evaluate its effect on broiler chickens. Materials and Methods Phytochemical analysis of E. viminalis extract was performed. The ability of gamma-octalactone to inhibit QS was evaluated using four different LuxI/LuxR bacterial test systems. In vivo assessments were performed on one hundred and twenty 7-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acres cross), split into four groups of 30 chickens: 1. Control group: Basic diet (BD); 2. experimental Group I: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.05 ml/kg live weight/day; 3. experimental Group II: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.1 ml/kg live weight/day; and 4. experimental Group III: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.2 ml/kg live weight/day. Hematological blood parameters were assessed using an automatic hematological analyzer (URIT-2900 Vet Plus, URIT Medial Electronic Co., China) and an automatic biochemical analyzer (CS-T240, Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd., China). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM); averages (M), standard deviations (σ), and standard deviation errors (m) were calculated. Results with p≤0.05 were considered significant. Results Based on the phytochemical analysis results, libraries of compounds with putative QS inhibitory properties were compiled. Gamma-octalactone exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the LuxI/LuxR QS systems, characterized by EC50 values of 0.15-0.4 mM. In the in vivo portion of this study, broiler chicken live weights increased in all experimental groups, with the most significant increase in Group III (14.0%), in relation to the control group. Blood serum from the experimental group chickens had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and uric acid (p≤0.05), in comparison to the control group chickens. With respect to blood serum enzyme activity and antioxidant status indicators, the experimental group chickens had a higher level of gamma-glutamyl transferase, an enzyme associated with amino acid metabolism, than those in the control group; this increase was especially pronounced in Group III, with 37.0% increase (p≤0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were higher in the experimental groups than the control group, corresponding to increases of 30.4-56.2% (p≤0.05), 33.3-83.3%, and 27.9-45.5% (p≤0.05) in Groups I, II, and III (p≤0.05), respectively. Morphological blood parameters did not display significant changes due to gamma-octalactone. Conclusion According to the results of this in vivo study in broiler chickens, gamma-octalactone, isolated from E. viminalis leaf extract and supplied at a dosage of 0.2 ml/kg live weight/day, led to an increase in the activity of blood plasma digestive enzymes, increased live weight, and had a positive effect on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Duskaev
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
| | - O V Kvan
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
| | - Sh G Rakhmatullin
- Department for Feeding Agricultural Animals and Fodder Technology, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg - 460 000, Russia
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Ghareeb MA, Sobeh M, El-Maadawy WH, Mohammed HS, Khalil H, Botros S, Wink M. Chemical Profiling of Polyphenolics in Eucalyptus globulus and Evaluation of Its Hepato-Renal Protective Potential Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Toxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E415. [PMID: 31546777 PMCID: PMC6769961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anti-neoplastic and immunosuppressive agent; however, it causes multi-organ toxicity. We elucidated the protective activities of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) leaf extract against CP-induced hepato-renal toxicity. Mice were treated with EG for 15 days plus CP on day 12 and 13 of the experiment. Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, 26 secondary metabolites were identified in EG leaf extract. Out of them, 4 polyphenolic compounds were isolated: (1) 4-(O-β-d-xylopyranosyloxy)-3,5-di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, (2) 4-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3,5-di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, (3) gallic acid, and (4) methyl gallate. Effects of EG extract on biochemical parameters, gene expression, and immune-histopathological changes were assessed in comparison to mesna positive control. Results showed that EG improved CP-increased serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. The hepatic and renal tissue levels of MDA, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, TNF-α, IL-6, and immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and caspase-3 were reduced. Also, hepatic and renal GSH contents, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRf2)/ hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling levels were increased. Histopathological findings supported our findings where hepatic and renal architecture were almost restored. Results revealed the protective effects of EG against CP-induced hepato-renal toxicity. These effects may be related to EG antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties coupled with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosad A Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 44883-2462 Heidelberg, Germany.
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Hala Sh Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11311, Egypt.
| | - Heba Khalil
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa Botros
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 44883-2462 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Llaique H, Villalobos M, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Ezzat SM, Salem MA, Zayed A, Salgado Castillo CM, Yazdi SE, Sen S, Acharya K, Sharopov F, Martins N. Insights into Eucalyptus genus chemical constituents, biological activities and health-promoting effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30555770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a vast potential in the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of therapeutically important phytochemicals. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and several marketed medications are available to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes. However, these over the counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present review includes the reports available on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggesting outlooks for future research. A systematic search was performed on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and other online journals and books. All the plants listed in this review are native to Asian countries and are routinely used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. Based on the literature data available, a total of 81 medicinal plants with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipidemic and insulin mimetic properties have been compiled in this review. This review provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. Further research can be carried out to study the active constituents and mechanism of these plants.
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Kolsi RBA, Fakhfakh J, Sassi S, Elleuch M, Gargouri L. Physico-chemical characterization and beneficial effects of seaweed sulfated polysaccharide against oxydatif and cellular damages caused by alloxan in diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:407-417. [PMID: 29630960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Ben Abdallah Kolsi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Chemistry Laboratory of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, PB 802, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Sassi
- Unité de Valorisation des Bioressources des zones arides, Facuty of Sciences of Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Elleuch
- Department of Endocrinology, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Gargouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Emergency and Intensive Care, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tunisia
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Shaheen M, Ali Khan R, Ahmed M, Mushtaq N, Khan N. Antidiabetic Efficacy of Methanolic Crude Extract of Quercus dilatata Fruit: A Randomized Control Trial. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.501.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Domínguez-Mendoza EA, Cornejo-Garrido J, Burgueño-Tapia E, Ordaz-Pichardo C. Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3′,4′-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4086-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Khazneh E, Hřibová P, Hošek J, Suchý P, Kollár P, Pražanová G, Muselík J, Hanaková Z, Václavík J, Miłek M, Legáth J, Šmejkal K. The Chemical Composition of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch and Its Desirable Effects on Hyperglycemia, Inflammatory Mediators and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:404. [PMID: 27023504 PMCID: PMC6273470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to identify the content compounds of Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii) and to evaluate its hypoglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic activity and effect on inflammatory mediators. The extracts and fractions of A. wilhelmsii were thoroughly analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the total content of phenols and flavonoids was determined. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The effect upon inflammatory mediators was evaluated in vitro using the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). The anti-hypercholesterolemic activity was evaluated in vitro using the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase assay kit. The water extract (WE)-treated group showed the highest reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL). The chloroform fraction (CF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) both showed a significant ability to reduce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The EAF, however, also attenuated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The CF showed the most significant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibition activity. The five main compounds in the CF were isolated and identified. Out of the five compounds in the CF, 1β,10β-epoxydesacetoxymatricarin (CP1) and leucodin (CP2) showed the highest anti-hypercholesterolemic potential. A molecular docking study provided corresponding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Khazneh
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Hřibová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Suchý
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kollár
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Pražanová
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hanaková
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Václavík
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Michał Miłek
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland.
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
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Rezaei A, Farzadfard A, Amirahmadi A, Alemi M, Khademi M. Diabetes mellitus and its management with medicinal plants: A perspective based on Iranian research. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:567-616. [PMID: 26283471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Complementary and alternative medicine has been increasingly used to treat chronic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus. However, various limitations in terms of their application and efficacies exist. Furthermore, there is still much to be done to discover the right herbal medicine for diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to evaluate previous herbal studies on the management of diabetes mellitus, to address their strengths and weaknesses and propose a general framework for future studies. APPROACH AND METHODS Data sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Wiley were searched, limited to Iran, using 36 search terms such as herbal, traditional, medicine, and phytopharmacy in combination with diabetes and related complications. Reviewed articles were evaluated regarding the use of botanical nomenclature and included information on (1) identity of plants and plant parts used, (2) the processing procedure, and (3) the extraction process. The main outcomes were extracted and then surveyed in terms of the efficacies of herbs in the management of diabetes mellitus. Then a comparative study was performed between Iranian and non-Iranian studies with respect to herbs best studied in Iran. RESULTS Of the 82 herbs studied in Iran, only six herbs were endemic and 19 were studied in detail. Although most of the reviewed herbs were found to decrease the level of blood glucose (BG) and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in both Iranian and non-Iranian studies, information on their pharmacological mechanisms is scarce. However, the level of HbA1C was measured in a limited number of clinical trials or animal studies. Available information on both short- and long-term use of studied herbs on diabetes related complications and functions of involved organs as well as comorbid depression and/or simultaneous changes in lifestyle is also insufficient. Furthermore, little or no information on their phytochemical, toxicological, and herb-drug interaction properties is available. It is worth noting that the efficacy of the reviewed herbs has been studied scarcely in both humans and animals regarding both Iranian and non-Iranian studies. A significant number of reviewed articles failed to cite the scientific name of herbs and include information on the processing procedure and the extraction process. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of diabetes mellitus as a multifactorial disease using herbal medicines requires a comprehensive approach. In order to discover the right herbal medicine for the management of diabetes many other important factors than the levels of BG, HbA1C and insulin should be considered. According to our criteria, all the reviewed herbs suffered from inadequate investigation in human, animal and in vitro models in this respect, whereas they are worth investigating further. However, more research on endemic plants and the traditional history of herbal medicine is warranted. In our opinion, the pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical information should be obtained before clinical trials. Furthermore, information such as botanical scientific nomenclature, side effects, and toxicity will improve the quality and validity of publications in herbal research. In particular, designing a database covering all valid information about herbs and/or diseases will decrease unnecessary costs and increase the efficiency of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Rezaei
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Azad Farzadfard
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Amirahmadi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Maasoomeh Alemi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mitra Khademi
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Dhibi S, Mbarki S, Elfeki A, Hfaiedh N. Eucalyptus globulus extract protects upon acetaminophen-induced kidney damages in male rat. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 14:99-104. [PMID: 24856382 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2014.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have historically been used in treating many diseases. Eucalyptus globules, a rich source of bioactive compounds, and have been shown to possess antioxidative properties. The purpose of this study, carried out on male Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Eucalyptus globulus extract upon acetaminophen-induced damages in kidney. Our study is realized in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax (Tunisia). 32 Wistar male rats; were divided into 4 batches: a control group (n=8), a group of rats treated with acetaminophen (900 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection during 4 days (n=8), a group receiving Eucalyptus globulus extract (130 mg of dry leaves/kg/day) in drinking water during 42 days after 2 hours of acetaminophen administration (during 4 days) (n=8) and group received only Eucalyptus (n=8) during 42 days. After 6 weeks, animals from each group were rapidly sacrificed by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation. Under our experimental conditions, acetaminophen poisoning resulted in an oxidative stress evidenced by statistically significant losses in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activities and an increase in lipids peroxidation level in renal tissue of acetaminophen-treated group compared with the control group. Acetaminophen also caused kidney damage as evident by statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in levels of creatinine and urea and decreased levels of uric acid and proteins in blood. Histological analysis demonstrated alteration of proximal tubules, atrophy of the glomerule and dilatation of urinary space. Previous administration of plant extract is found to alleviate this acetaminophen-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Dhibi
- Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Science Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5 - PB n 1171-3000, Sfax ,Tunisia
| | - Sakhria Mbarki
- Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Science Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5 - PB n 1171-3000, Sfax ,Tunisia
| | - Abdelfettah Elfeki
- Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Science Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5 - PB n 1171-3000, Sfax ,Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaiedh
- Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Science Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5 - PB n 1171-3000, Sfax ,Tunisia
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Comparative Effects of Some Medicinal Plants: Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus, Psidium guajava, and Xylopia aethiopica Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Albino Rats. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:203051. [PMID: 25525518 PMCID: PMC4265521 DOI: 10.1155/2014/203051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic agents/drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus have not sufficiently proven to control hyperlipidemia, which is commonly associated with the diabetes mellitus. Again the hopes that traditional medicine and natural plants seem to trigger researchers in this area is yet to be discovered. This research was designed to compare the biochemical effects of some medicinal plants in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats using named plants that are best at lowering blood glucose and hyperlipidemia and ameliorating other complications of diabetes mellitus by methods of combined therapy. The results obtained showed 82% decrease in blood glucose concentration after the 10th hour to the fortieth hour. There was significant increase P < 0.05 in the superoxide dismutase activity of the test group administered 100 mg/kg of A. Occidentale. There was no significant difference P > 0.05 recorded in the glutathione peroxidase activity of E. globulus (100 mg/kg) when compared to the test groups of P. guajava (250 mg/kg) and X. aethiopica (250 mg/kg). Catalase activity showed significant increase P < 0.05 in the catalase activity, compared to test groups. While at P > 0.05, there was no significant difference seen between test group and treated groups. Meanwhile, degree of significance was observed in other parameters analysed. The biochemical analysis conducted in this study showed positive result, attesting to facts from previous works. Though these individual plants extracts exhibited significant increase in amelorating diabetes complication and blood glucose control compared to glibenclamide, a synthetic antidiabetic drug. Greater performance was observed in the synergy groups. Therefore, a poly/combined formulation of these plants extracts yielded significant result as well as resolving some other complications associated with diabetics.
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Ryu S, Park H, Seol GH, Choi IY. 1,8-Cineole ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced ischaemic injury by reducing oxidative stress in rat cortical neuron/glia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1818-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
1,8-Cineole, the main monoterpene in many essential oils, has been used as an ingredient in flavourings and medicine. 1,8-Cineole has been shown to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions. However, to date, no studies have examined the potential of 1,8-cineole to protect against cerebral ischaemic injury.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,8-cineole against cortical neuronal/glial cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in an in-vitro model of ischaemia.
Key findings
1,8-Cineole significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cortical cell injury, as well as reduced n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell injury. However, it did not inhibit NMDA-induced cytosolic calcium overload. Nevertheless, 1,8-cineole significantly reduced the OGD/R- and NMDA-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that 1,8-cineole exerts neuroprotection through its anti-oxidative rather than its anti-excitotoxic, properties. The decrease in OGD/R-induced intracellular superoxide in 1,8-cineole-treated cortical cells was associated with the upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, 1,8-cineole showed direct ROS scavenging activity in an assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
Conclusion
Collectively, these results suggest 1,8-cineole as a potentially effective neuroprotective and anti-oxidative candidate for the treatment of patients with ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Ryu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Dey B, Mitra A, Katakam P, Singla RK. Exploration of natural enzyme inhibitors with hypoglycemic potentials amongst Eucalyptus Spp. by in vitro assays. World J Diabetes 2014. [PMID: 24748933 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5i2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the presence and potency of natural enzyme inhibitors with hypoglycemic potentials amongst Eucalyptus Spp. by in vitro assays. METHODS The leaf extracts of the three different Eucalyptus species [E. globulus (EG), E. citriodora (EC), E. camaldulensis (ECA)] were subjected to in vitro assay procedures to explore the prevalence of natural enzyme inhibitors (NEIs) after preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations, to study their inhibitory actions against the enzymes like α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 playing pathogenic roles in type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant potential and total antioxidant capacity of the species were also evaluated. RESULTS Major bioactive compounds like polyphenols (341.75 ± 3.63 to 496.85 ± 3.98) and flavonoids (4.89 ± 0.01 to 7.15 ± 0.02) were found in appreciable quantity in three species. Based on the IC50 values of the extracts under investigation, in all assays the effectivity was in the order of EG > ECA > EC. The results of the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed that the reducing ability of the species was also in the order of EG > ECA > EC. A strong correlation (R(2) = 0.81-0.99) was found between the phenolic contents and the inhibitory potentials of the extracts against the targeted enzymes. CONCLUSION These results show immense hypoglycemic potentiality of the Eucalyptus Spp. and a remarkable source of NEIs for a future phytotherapeutic approach in Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Dey
- Baishakhi Dey, Analava Mitra, School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharaghpur 721302, India
| | - Analava Mitra
- Baishakhi Dey, Analava Mitra, School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharaghpur 721302, India
| | - Prakash Katakam
- Baishakhi Dey, Analava Mitra, School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharaghpur 721302, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Baishakhi Dey, Analava Mitra, School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharaghpur 721302, India
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17
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Dey B, Mitra A, Katakam P, Singla RK. Exploration of natural enzyme inhibitors with hypoglycemic potentials amongst Eucalyptus Spp. by in vitro assays. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:209-18. [PMID: 24748933 PMCID: PMC3990318 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the presence and potency of natural enzyme inhibitors with hypoglycemic potentials amongst Eucalyptus Spp. by in vitro assays. METHODS The leaf extracts of the three different Eucalyptus species [E. globulus (EG), E. citriodora (EC), E. camaldulensis (ECA)] were subjected to in vitro assay procedures to explore the prevalence of natural enzyme inhibitors (NEIs) after preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations, to study their inhibitory actions against the enzymes like α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 playing pathogenic roles in type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant potential and total antioxidant capacity of the species were also evaluated. RESULTS Major bioactive compounds like polyphenols (341.75 ± 3.63 to 496.85 ± 3.98) and flavonoids (4.89 ± 0.01 to 7.15 ± 0.02) were found in appreciable quantity in three species. Based on the IC50 values of the extracts under investigation, in all assays the effectivity was in the order of EG > ECA > EC. The results of the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed that the reducing ability of the species was also in the order of EG > ECA > EC. A strong correlation (R(2) = 0.81-0.99) was found between the phenolic contents and the inhibitory potentials of the extracts against the targeted enzymes. CONCLUSION These results show immense hypoglycemic potentiality of the Eucalyptus Spp. and a remarkable source of NEIs for a future phytotherapeutic approach in Type 2 diabetes.
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18
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Ye BG, Feng Y, Wang S. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:278-85. [PMID: 24518540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheum emodi has been used as an edible and medicinal plant in Tibet and Kashmir for a long period of time, while safety evaluation of this plant has not yet been investigated. In this study, acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract of R. emodi (AERE) rhizome were conducted in SD rats. Animals were treated with a single dose of 1000, 2000, 4000 or 10,000 mg/kg of AERE in the acute toxicity. In subchronic oral toxicity, animals were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats/sex/group) and received doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg/d of AERE for 90 days. Daily clinical observations, weekly measurement of body weight and food consumption were conducted. Blood and urine were collected on days 91 to measure changes. At necropsy, selected organs were weighed and recorded, and histological examination was performed. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality, obvious treatment-related clinical signs and urinalysis parameters were observed. Differences in weight gain, food consumption, hematology, biochemistry, relative organ weight and histopathology examinations between the treated group and the control group were not considered treatment-related. Our results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for AERE was 4000 mg/kg/d in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Gui Ye
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 23, Section 2, 1st Ring Road (West), Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
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Dey B, Mitra A. Chemo-profiling of eucalyptus and study of its hypoglycemic potential. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:170-6. [PMID: 24147201 PMCID: PMC3797882 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i5.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constant escalations in the number of diabetics world-wide and the failure of conventional therapy to restore normoglycemia without adverse effects, in spite of tremendous strides in modern medicine, calls for naturopathy and alternative medicine. Because diabetes is multi-factorial and has secondary complications, prevention of hyperglycemia is the central dogma for its management. To date, no oral hypoglycemic exists which can achieve tight glycemic control without side effects. Dietary adjuncts, lifestyle interventions and a resurgence of interest in phyto-therapy have consequently gained ground. Natural hypoglycemics have attracted attention due to ease of incorporation in everyday diet, affordability, less adverse effects, and long term safety. Ethno botanical literature reports more than 800 anti-diabetic plants species. Eucalyptus is well represented in the Aboriginal Pharmacopoeias for its various pharmacological activities. Its hot aqueous decoction has been used as a hypoglycemic in various regions of world. This editorial attempts to summarize the data on the hypoglycemic potential of the different eucalyptus species, highlight the value of its natural biomolecules for the prophylaxis and treatment of type 2 diabetes, describe their mechanistic actions, shed light on the posology and safety aspects of eucalyptus and assess its applicability as a reinforcement to currently used therapy.
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Huang MQ, Xu W, Wu SS, Lu JJ, Chen XP. A 90-day subchronic oral toxicity study of triterpene-enriched extract from Alismatis Rhizoma in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:318-23. [PMID: 23684999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alismatis Rhizoma has been used in East Asia as a traditional treatment for various illnesses and symptoms, and the presence of protostane-type triterpenes has been claimed to provide health benefits. To investigate the subchronic toxicity of triterpene-enriched extract from Alismatis Rhizoma (TEAR), a 90-day oral toxicity study was conducted in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats/sex/group) and received doses of 0, 360, 720, and 1440 mg/kg/d of TEAR for 90 days. Daily clinical observations as well as weekly measurement of body weight and food consumption were conducted. Blood samples were obtained on day 91 to measure changes in hematology and biochemistry. Urine samples were collected on days 0 and 91 for urinalysis. At necropsy, selected organs were weighed and recorded, and histological examination was performed. No mortality or obvious treatment-related clinical signs, hematology, urinalysis parameters, and macroscopic or microscopic examinations were observed. Differences in weight gain, food consumption, biochemistry, and relative organ weight between the treated group and the control group were not considered treatment-related. On the basis of these findings, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for TEAR was 1440 mg/kg/d in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China
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21
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Effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Linum usitatissimum (Linn.) in hyperglycaemia associated ROS production in PBMNCs and pancreatic tissue of alloxan induced diabetic rats. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Bourogaa E, Jarraya RM, Nciri R, Damak M, Elfeki A. Protective effects of aqueous extract of Hammada scoparia against hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in the rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:113-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712452602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extract (AE) of Hammada scoparia leaves was chemically characterized and its hepatoprotective activities were investigated in vivo in rat model. Wistar rats were treated daily with 35% ethanol solution (3 g/kg/day) during 4 weeks and fed with basal diet or basal diet containing AE (200 mg/kg/day). Control rats were treated with saline solution and fed with basal diet. The bioactivity of AE against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat liver was studied in order to explore its hepatoprotective effects. H. scoparia extract used at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly prevented the effects of ethanol, which induced a hepatic pathological damage and increased the levels of the serum markers of the enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Concomitantly, with these changes, this extract also prevented ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the rat liver as evidenced by the decreased lipid peroxidation level, a considerable decrease in the activities of AST, ALT and ALP and restoring the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These biochemical changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the AE of H. scoparia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeddine Bourogaa
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Raoudha Mezghani Jarraya
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Riadh Nciri
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Damak
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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Keter LK, Mutiso PC. Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used by Traditional Health Practitioners in the management of diabetes in Lower Eastern Province, Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:74-80. [PMID: 22020309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in many developing countries and the financial burden associated with it is enormous. In traditional African communities, majority of people relies on traditional medicines and Traditional Health Practitioners as the primary source of health care. Hence, this study was undertaken in the Lower Eastern province of Kenya to document the medicinal plants used by the traditional practitioners to treat diabetes and to assess the existing knowledge in management of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected using structured open- and close-ended questionnaires. RESULTS Thirty-nine species belonging to 33 genera and 26 families were encountered and the most frequently cited species were from Caesalpiniaceae, Ebenaceae, Solanaceae and Labiatae families. Twenty-eight percent of the plant species are reported to have hypoglycaemic activity. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is no data on medicinal plants used to treat diabetes in Kenya. Therefore, these findings are important in the management of diabetes and future research on traditional medicine in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia K Keter
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
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24
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Patil R, Patil R, Ahirwar B, Ahirwar D. Current status of Indian medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential: a review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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25
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Park MY, Choi HY, Kim JD, Lee HS, Ku SK. 28 Days repeated oral dose toxicity test of aqueous extracts of mahwangyounpae-tang, a polyherbal formula. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2477-82. [PMID: 20558228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mahwangyounpae-tang (MT), consisting of 22 types of herbal extracts has been used for thousands of years in Korean traditional medicine for the oral treatment of respiratory diseases including asthma. As part of a safety evaluation of MT extract for use in asthma, the 28 day repeat oral dose toxicity of an aqueous MT extract was evaluated at 800, 400 and 200mg/kg per day dose levels. The results showed that no significant toxicological changes were observed when 200 and 400mg/kg per day of MT extract was administered to rats. But when the dose was increased to 800 mg/kg per day, increases of body weights, food consumptions, and heart and kidney weights were observed with hypertrophy of heart and tubular necrosis of kidney. Besides this, no other signs of toxicity were observed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the no observed adverse effect level of MT extract is 400mg/kg per day. Therefore, the use of MT is expected to be safe because 30 mg/kg was shown to be pharmacologically effective in mice and the high dose heart and kidney findings are not considered to represent any safety concern for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Yeon Park
- Division of Respiratory System, Daegu Haany University Medical Center, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
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Kumtepe Y, Borekci B, Karaca M, Salman S, Alp HH, Suleyman H. Effect of acute and chronic administration of progesterone, estrogen, FSH and LH on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in rat gastric tissue. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:1-6. [PMID: 19729004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether gastro-protective and gastro-toxic effects of acute and chronic administration of progesterone, estrogen, FSH and LH were related to oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Chronic administration of progesterone at a low dose (1mg/kg), which probably could not stimulate progesterone receptors (PRs), inhibited oxidative stress of FSH in gastric tissue by suppressing FSH. Progesterone (5mg/kg) may have been caused oxidative stress as reflected by PR stimulation. FSH may have decreased antioxidant parameters and increased oxidant parameters via PRs. Chronic administration of low dose of estrogen (1mg/kg) inhibited LH and but could not stimulate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which resulted in oxidative stress in gastric tissue. The higher dose of estrogen (5mg/kg), however, could stimulate alpha-2 receptors, exhibited antioxidant activity in acute and chronic administration. While antioxidant activity of estrogen and LH was blocked with yohimbine (an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor blocker), mifepristone prevented the oxidative stress of progesterone and FSH in gastric tissue. It is concluded that low doses of progesterone may inhibit FSH, whereas high doses of estrogen may stimulate alpha-2 receptors, suggesting that LH could have protective and antioxidant hormone effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Kumtepe
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erzurum, Turkey
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