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Al-Abbasi FA. Neuroprotective effect of butin against rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions through paraoxonase-1-induction. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Geniposidic Acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Staminate Flower Tea Mitigates Cellular Oxidative Stress via Activating AKT/NRF2 Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238568. [PMID: 36500666 PMCID: PMC9739628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver staminate flower (ESF) tea enjoys a good reputation in folk medicine and displays multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antifatigue properties. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ESF tea can mitigate cellular oxidative stress. Crude ethyl alcohol extract and its three subfractions prepared by sequential extraction with chloroform, n-butyl alcohol and residual water were prepared from ESF tea. The results of antioxidant activity tests in vitro manifested n-butyl alcohol fraction (n-BUF) showed the strongest antioxidant capacity (DPPH: IC50 = 24.45 ± 0.74 μg/mL, ABTS: IC50 = 17.25 ± 0.04 μg/mL). Moreover, all subfractions of ESF tea, especially the n-BUF, exhibited an obvious capacity to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate the NRF2 antioxidative response in human keratinocytes HaCaT treated by H2O2. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, we identified geniposidic acid (GPA) as the most abundant component in ESF tea extract. Furthermore, it was found that GPA relieved oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HaCaT cells by activating the Akt/Nrf2/OGG1 pathway. Our findings indicated that ESF tea may be a source of natural antioxidants to protect against skin cell oxidative damage and deserves further development and utilization.
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Omer AB, Dalhat MH, Khan MK, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Kazmi I. Butin Mitigates Memory Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses. Metabolites 2022; 12:1050. [PMID: 36355133 PMCID: PMC9694489 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported from the previous literature that butin restores mitochondrial dysfunction by modulation of oxidative stress and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus HT22 cells. Butin also possesses an anti-Huntington's effect in rats. Considering the current background, this study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of butin against memory loss caused by streptozotocin (STZ). STZ (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats. Three days later, diabetic rats were identified and included in the study. A total of 30 rats (12 nondiabetic and 18 diabetics) were grouped as Group A (control-non-diabetic rats) and Group B (STZ diabetic control) were treated with 1 mL of sodium CMC (0.5% w/v). Group C (STZ+ butin 25) were treated with butin 25 mg/kg. Group D (STZ+ butin 50) and Group E (butin per se) were administered with butin 50 mg/kg. Each therapy was administered orally once each day for 15-day. The Morris water maze and the Y-maze behavioural tests were run throughout the experimental programme. Animals were put to death on day 15 and their brains were removed for biochemical assays (CAT, SOD, GSH, MDA, nitrite, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), IL-1, and mitochondrial enzyme complexes). Rats with neurobehavioral impairments brought on by STZ have less spontaneous movement, learning capacity, and memory. Additionally, STZ decreased endogenous antioxidants and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitrite, MDA, and AchE. Neurobehavioral deficits and metabolic markers were dramatically improved by butin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma B. Omer
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year for the Health Colleges, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Kaleem Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Anti-Huntington's Effect of Butin in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Treated Rats: Possible Mechanism of Action. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:66-77. [PMID: 34982357 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Butin has a strong antioxidant plus anti-inflammatory action and it is reported to be protective in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Butin has been shown to protect the mouse hippocampus HT22 cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. The current investigation was planned to assess anti-Huntington's effect of butin in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats. A total of 32 Wistar rats (200-240 g) were equally segregated into four groups. Groups I and II were treated with vehicle (0.3 ml/100 g) and groups III and IV received butin 25 and 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Daily 1 h post above oral treatments, 3 ml/kg of normal saline was injected (i.p.) to group I animals and 10 mg/kg of 3-NP was injected (i.p.) to II and IV groups for 15 days. During the experimental schedule, behavioral tests were conducted for animals. On day 15, after behavioral parameters, animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for biochemical tests. Systemic administration of 3-NP induced neurobehavioral deficits which resulted in reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, motor incoordination, learning ability, and memory in the animals. Moreover, 3-NP depleted endogenous antioxidants (GSH, catalase, and SOD), mitochondrial complexes activities (I, II, IV, and MTT assay), elevated LDH, MDA, nitrite, and AchE. Administration of butin significantly improved neurobehavioral impairments, nitrative and oxidative stress, activities of mitochondrial enzyme complex, and reduced AchE levels in rat brain.
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Bykov VN, Grebenyuk AN, Ushakov IB. The Use of Radioprotective Agents to Prevent Effects Associated with Aging. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li P, Jiwu C. Butin Attenuates Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Anti Inflammatory Pathway. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:7-12. [PMID: 29755784 PMCID: PMC5941697 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluates the effect of butin against brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methodology ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase in the brain and all the animals were separated into four groups such as control group, ICH group treated with vehicle, Butin 25 and 50 mg/kg group receives butin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.)60 min after the induction of ICH in all animals. One day after neurological score, hemorrhagic injury and expressions of protein responsible for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the brain tissue of ICH rats. Result Neurological scoring significantly increased and hemorrhagic lesion volume decreased in butin treated group of rats compared to ICH group. However, treatment with butin significantly decreases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and protein expression of Cleaved caspase-3 than ICH group in dose dependent manner. Level of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissues were significantly decreased in the butin treated group than ICH group. In addition butin attenuates the altered signaling pathway of NF-κB in the brain tissues of ICH rats. Conclusion Our study concludes that butin attenuates the altered behavior and neuronal condition in ICH rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Li
- Department Of Neurology, The Affiliated First Hospital Of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Jiwu
- Department Of Neurology, The Affiliated First Hospital Of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Duan J, Guan Y, Mu F, Guo C, Zhang E, Yin Y, Wei G, Zhu Y, Cui J, Cao J, Weng Y, Wang Y, Xi M, Wen A. Protective effect of butin against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in diabetic mice: involvement of the AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41491. [PMID: 28128361 PMCID: PMC5269748 DOI: 10.1038/srep41491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation contributes to development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study was designed to determine the effect of an antioxidant butin (BUT) on ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in diabetic mice. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) was induced in C57/BL6J diabetes mice. Infarct size and cardiac function were detected. For in vitro study, H9c2 cells were used. To clarify the mechanisms, proteases inhibitors or siRNA were used. Proteins levels were investigated by Western blotting. In diabetes MI/R model, BUT significantly alleviated myocardial infarction and improved heart function, together with prevented diabetes-induced cardiac oxidative damage. The expression of Nrf2, AMPK, AKT and GSK-3β were significantly increased by BUT. Furthermore, in cultured H9c2 cardiac cells silencing Nrf2 gene with its siRNA abolished the BUT's prevention of I/R-induced myocardial injury. Inhibition of AMPK and AKT signaling by relative inhibitor or specific siRNA decreased the level of BUT-induced Nrf2 expression, and diminished the protective effects of BUT. The interplay relationship between GSK-3β and Nrf2 was also verified with relative overexpression and inhibitors. Our findings indicated that BUT protected against I/R-induced ROS-mediated apoptosis by upregulating the AMPK/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, which further activated Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes in diabetic cardiomyocytes exposed to I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, XianYang 712083, PR China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Enhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, XianYang 712083, PR China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
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Chen X, Qin Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Yang Y, Xiong W, Yuan J. Activation of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway promotes DEHP-induced Hep3B cell proliferation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ichikawa K, Okabayashi T, Shima Y, Iiyama T, Takezaki Y, Munekage M, Namikawa T, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, Mimura T, Hanazaki K. Branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrients stimulate antioxidant DNA repair in a rat model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10803-10. [PMID: 23053977 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the progression of chronic liver disease including organ injury and hypoalbuminemia. Long-term oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can inhibit liver dysfunction but their role in the prevention of liver fibrosis and injury to the liver is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess how BCAAs preserve liver function from OS. To investigate how BCAAs specifically prevent OS, we evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with BCAAs on OS using a rat liver cirrhosis model. Liver cirrhosis was induced in ten male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering carbon tetrachloride for 12 weeks. Five of the ten carbon tetrachloride-treated rats were assigned to a control group and five to a BCAA group. BCAA-supplementation significantly preserved plasma albumin concentrations and significantly inhibited the occurrence of organ injury as determined by blood chemistry analysis. Hepatic expression of OGG1 mRNA was increased in the BCAA group compared to the control group. In the BCAA group, increased hepatic levels of OGG1 protein were found by western blot. On the other hand, the number of 8-OHdG-positive cells was significantly higher in liver sections taken 1 month after carbon tetrachloride treatment. Furthermore, OGG1-positive cells were significantly increased in the hepatocytes around the central vein. BCAA was found to reduce OS, which could possibly lead to a decrease in the occurrence of hypoalbuminemia and organ injury. Our results indicate that BCAA-enriched nutrients stimulate antioxidant DNA repair in a rat model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ichikawa
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery at Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu-Okocho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) reduces oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by upregulating the DNA repair system. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:421-33. [PMID: 23011636 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces DNA base modifications and DNA strand breaks. In this study, the protective effect of baicalein against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage was investigated in V79-4 Chinese hamster fibroblast cells. H(2)O(2) treatment increased the levels of intracellular ROS and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and decreased the level of Ku70 protein and the phosphorylation (activation) of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which are involved in the repair of DSBs by nonhomologous end joining. Baicalein effectively scavenged intracellular ROS induced by H(2)O(2), reduced DSBs, and rescued Ku70 protein level and phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs. In cellular response to DNA base damage, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) plays a vital role in the removal of 8-oxoguanine (8-OxoG), which is formed mainly by oxidative stress. Baicalein significantly decreased the levels of 8-OxoG induced by H(2)O(2), and this correlated with increases in OGG1 promoter activity and OGG1 mRNA and protein expression. The phosphorylated form of Akt kinase, which is a regulator of OGG1, was sharply decreased by H(2)O(2), but was prevented by baicalein. A specific Akt inhibitor abolished the cytoprotective effects of baicalein, suggesting that OGG1 induction by baicalein involves the Akt pathway. In conclusion, baicalein exerted protective effects against DNA damage induced by oxidative stress by activating DNA repair systems and scavenging ROS.
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Zhang R, Chae S, Lee JH, Hyun JW. The cytoprotective effect of butin against oxidative stress is mediated by the up-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase expression through a PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1987-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Koukourakis MI. Radiation damage and radioprotectants: new concepts in the era of molecular medicine. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:313-30. [PMID: 22294702 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/16386034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionising radiation results in mutagenesis and cell death, and the clinical manifestations depend on the dose and the involved body area. Reducing carcinogenesis in patients treated with radiotherapy, exposed to diagnostic radiation or who are in certain professional groups is mandatory. The prevention or treatment of early and late radiotherapy effects would improve quality of life and increase cancer curability by intensifying therapies. Experimental and clinical data have given rise to new concepts and a large pool of chemical and molecular agents that could be effective in the protection and treatment of radiation damage. To date, amifostine is the only drug recommended as an effective radioprotectant. This review identifies five distinct types of radiation damage (I, cellular depletion; II, reactive gene activation; III, tissue disorganisation; IV, stochastic effects; V, bystander effects) and classifies the radioprotective agents into five relevant categories (A, protectants against all types of radiation effects; B, death pathway modulators; C, blockers of inflammation, chemotaxis and autocrine/paracrine pathways; D, antimutagenic keepers of genomic integrity; E, agents that block bystander effects). The necessity of establishing and funding central committees that guide systematic clinical research into evaluating the novel agents revealed in the era of molecular medicine is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Abstract
Oxidatively damaged DNA is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases as well as aging. Several methods have been developed to detect oxidatively damaged DNA. They include chromatographic techniques, the Comet assay, (32)P-postlabelling and immunochemical methods that use antibodies to detect oxidized lesions. In this review, we discuss the detection of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), the most abundant oxidized nucleoside. This lesion is frequently used as a marker of exposure to oxidants, including environmental pollutants, as well as a potential marker of disease progression. We concentrate on studies published between the years 2000 and 2011 that used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry to detect 8-oxodG in humans, laboratory animals and in cell lines. Oxidative damage observed in these organisms resulted from disease, exposure to environmental pollutants or from in vitro treatment with various chemical and physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Butin (7,3',4'-trihydroxydihydroflavone) reduces oxidative stress-induced cell death via inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3871-87. [PMID: 21747713 PMCID: PMC3131597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that butin (7,3′,4′-trihydroxydihydroflavone) protected cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis by: (1) scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating antioxidant enzymes such superoxide dismutase and catalase; (2) decreasing oxidative stress-induced 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels via activation of oxoguanine glycosylase 1, and (3), reducing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective effects of butin on oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and possible mechanisms involved. Butin significantly reduced H2O2-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as determined by confocal image analysis and flow cytometry, alterations in Bcl-2 family proteins such as decrease in Bcl-2 expression and increase in Bax and phospho Bcl-2 expression, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of caspases 9 and 3. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of butin was exerted via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 cascades induced by H2O2 treatment. Finally, butin exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by decreased apoptotic bodies, sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and DNA fragmentation. Taken together, the protective effects of butin against H2O2-induced apoptosis were exerted via blockade of membrane potential depolarization, inhibition of the JNK pathway and mitochondria-involved caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Zhang R, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Lee NH, You HJ, Hyun JW. Triphlorethol-a improves the non-homologous end joining and base-excision repair capacity impaired by formaldehyde. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:811-821. [PMID: 21541882 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.567957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce DNA base modifications and DNA strand breaks and contributes to mutagenesis and other pathological processes. DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), a major mechanism for repairing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB) in mammalian cells, involves the formation of a Ku protein heterodimer and recruitment of a DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to the site of DNA damage. HCHO treatment induced DSB and decreased the protein expressions of Ku 70 and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs. Triphlorethol-A reduced DNA strand breaks and restored the expression of NHEJ-related proteins. In response to oxidative DNA base damage, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) plays a vital role in repair of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) via the base-excision repair (BER) process. In this study, HCHO significantly increased 8-OhdG levels, whereas triphlorethol-A lowered 8-OhdG levels. Suppression of 8-OhdG formation by triphlorethol-A was related to enhanced OGG1 protein expression. Triphlorethol-A also enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt (the active form of Akt), a regulator of OGG1, which was found to be decreased by HCHO treatment. The phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor LY294002 abolished the cytoprotective effects induced by triphlorethol-A, suggesting that OGG1 restoration by triphlorethol-A is involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway. These results suggest that triphlorethol-A may protect cells against HCHO-induced DNA damage via enhancement of NHEJ and BER capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Zhang R, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Chang WY, Maeng YH, Chae S, Lee IK, Kim BJ, Hyun JW. Butin reduces oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:922-7. [PMID: 20060874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cytoprotective effect of butin, a flavonoid, on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry revealed butin's significant scavenging effects on superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals. When H(2)O(2) was used to induce an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells, butin treatment decreased high level of ROS. Butin also attenuated intracellular Ca(2+) levels that have been induced by H(2)O(2). Furthermore, butin recovered ATP levels and succinate dehydrogenase activity that had been decreased by H(2)O(2) treatment. We conclude these results suggest butin decreased mitochondrial ROS accumulation, balanced intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and improved mitochondrial energy production, thus recovering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
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