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Khan Y, Khan S, Hussain R, Rehman W, Maalik A, Gulshan U, Attwa MW, Darwish HW, Ghabbour HA, Ali N. Identification of Indazole-Based Thiadiazole-Bearing Thiazolidinone Hybrid Derivatives: Theoretical and Computational Approaches to Develop Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Candidates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1667. [PMID: 38139795 PMCID: PMC10747300 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybrid library of compounds based on indazole-based thiadiazole containing thiazolidinone moieties (1-17) was synthesized. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their inhibition profile against targetedacetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities. All the derivatives demonstrated a varied range of inhibitory activities having IC50 values ranging from 0.86 ± 0.33 μM to 26.73 ± 0.84 μM (AChE) and 0.89 ± 0.12 μM to 27.08 ± 0.19 μM (BuChE), respectively. The results obtained were compared with standard Donepezil drugs (IC50 = 1.26 ± 0.18 μM for AChE) and (1.35 ± 0.37 μM for BuChE), respectively. Specifically, the derivatives 1-17, 1, 9, and 14 were found to be significantly active, with IC50 values of 0.86 ± 0.30, 0.92 ± 0.10, and 1.10 ± 0.37 μM (against AChE) and 0.89 ± 0.12, 0.98 ± 0.48 and 1.19 ± 0.42 μM (against BuChE), respectively.The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that derivatives bearing para-CF3, ortho-OH, and para-F substitutions on the phenyl ring attached to the thiadiazole skeleton, as well as meta-Cl, -NO2, and para-chloro substitutions on the phenyl ring, having a significant effect on inhibitory potential. The synthesized scaffolds have been further characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and (HR-MS) to confirm the precise structures of the synthesized compounds. Additionally, the molecular docking approach was carried out for most active compounds to explore the binding interactions established by most active compounds, with the active sites of targeted enzymes and obtained results supporting the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (U.G.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan;
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (U.G.)
| | - Urooba Gulshan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (U.G.)
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (H.W.D.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (H.W.D.)
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Nawab Ali
- Shangai Key Laboratory of Functional Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China;
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Su JB, Wu WL, Dong CE, Yang S, Feng YY, Qin T, Chen KQ, Qian JJ, Zou JP, Liu YH, Liu SM, Liu WW, Da-hua S. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and biological evaluation of 1,3,5-triazine-quinoline derivatives as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Işık A, Acar Çevik U, Karayel A, Celik I, Erçetin T, Koçak A, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and molecular modelling of thiadizole based hydrazone derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:193-214. [PMID: 35243936 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2041723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some novel substituted thiazolylhydrazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and antioxidant activities were investigated. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. According to the enzyme inhibition results, the synthesized compounds showed selectivity against BuChE enzyme inhibition. Compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j displayed significant BuChE inhibition potencies. Among them, compound 5i was found to be the most effective derivative with an IC50 value of 56.01 ± 0.054 µM. In addition, their antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. For compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j in silico molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations studies against the BuChE enzyme were performed to determine possible protein-ligand interactions and stability. DFT-D3 study was performed to stabilize of compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j both in gas and solvent medium and investigated their electronic properties. Of all geometries, that of DMSO is the lowest one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Işık
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - U Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - A Karayel
- Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Physics, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - I Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - T Erçetin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - A Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Z A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Taha M, Rahim F, Uddin N, Khan IU, Iqbal N, Anouar EH, Salahuddin M, Farooq RK, Gollapalli M, Khan KM, Zafar A. Exploring indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:1025-1036. [PMID: 34390751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole based thiadiazole derivatives (1-18) were synthesized and evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition. The IC50 values of the synthesized analogues ranging between 0.17 ± 0.05 to 33.10 ± 0.6 μM against (AChE) and 0.30 ± 0.1 to 37.60 ± 0.6 μM against (BChE) enzymes. Among the series compounds 8 (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.05 μM) (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.1 μM), 9 (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.05 μM) (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.05 μM) and 10 (IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.1 μM) (IC50 = 2.60 ± 0.1) were found to be the most potent analogues bearing para, ortho, and meta-fluoro substitutions on phenyl ring attached to thiadiazole. In addition, all the synthesized scaffolds were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS). To apprehend the binding mode of interaction of the most potent synthesized derivatives, a molecular docking study was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- College of Computer Science & Information Technology (CCSIT), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao S, Xu J, Zhang S, Han M, Wu Y, Li Y, Hu L. Multivalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor discovered by exploiting dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104656. [PMID: 33548731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the generation of a polymer-based dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) incorporating exchangeable side chains using acylhydrazone formation reaction. In combination with tetrameric butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the most potent binding side chain was identified, and the information obtained was further used for the synthesis of a multivalent BChE inhibitor. In the in vitro biological evaluation, this multivalent inhibitor exhibited not only better inhibitory effect than the commercial reference but also high selectivity on BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jintao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Maochun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yusi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China.
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Rahim F, Javed MT, Ullah H, Wadood A, Taha M, Ashraf M, Qurat-ul-Ain, Khan MA, Khan F, Mirza S, Khan KM. Synthesis, molecular docking, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of thiazole analogs as new inhibitors for Alzheimer disease. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cacciatore LC, Kristoff G, Verrengia Guerrero NR, Cochón AC. Binary mixtures of azinphos-methyl oxon and chlorpyrifos oxon produce in vitro synergistic cholinesterase inhibition in Planorbarius corneus. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:450-458. [PMID: 22436584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CES) activities present in whole organism homogenates from Planorbarius corneus and their in vitro sensitivity to organophosphorous (OP) pesticides were studied. Firstly, a characterization of ChE and CES activities using different substrates and selective inhibitors was performed. Secondly, the effects of azinphos-methyl oxon (AZM-oxon) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPF-oxon), the active oxygen analogs of the OP insecticides AZM and CPF, on ChE and CES activities were evaluated. Finally, it was analyzed whether binary mixtures of the pesticide oxons cause additive, antagonistic or synergistic ChE inhibition in P. corneus homogenates. The results showed that the extracts of P. corneus preferentially hydrolyzed acetylthiocholine (AcSCh) over propionylthiocholine (PrSCh) and butyrylthiocholine (BuSCh). Besides, AcSCh hydrolyzing activity was inhibited by low concentrations of BW284c51, a selective inhibitor of AChE activity, and also by high concentrations of substrate. These facts suggest the presence of a typical AChE activity in this species. However, the different dose-response curves observed with BW284c51 when using PrSCh or BuSCh instead of AcSCh suggest the presence of at least another ChE activity. This would probably correspond to an atypical BuChE. Regarding CES activity, the highest specific activity was obtained when using 2-naphthyl acetate (2-NA), followed by 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA); p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA), and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB). The comparison of the IC(50) values revealed that, regardless of the substrate used, CES activity was approximately one order of magnitude more sensitive to AZM-oxon than ChE activity. Although ChE activity was very sensitive to CPF-oxon, CES activity measured with 1-NA, 2-NA, and p-NPA was poorly inhibited by this pesticide. In contrast, CES activity measured with p-NPB was equally sensitive to CPF-oxon than ChE activity. Several specific binary combinations of AZM-oxon and CPF-oxon caused a synergistic effect on the ChE inhibition in P. corneus homogenates. The degree of synergism tended to increase as the ratio of AZM-oxon to CPF-oxon decreased. These results suggest that synergism is likely to occur in P. corneus snails exposed in vivo to binary mixtures of the OPs AZM and CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Claudio Cacciatore
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Johnson G, Moore SW. Why has butyrylcholinesterase been retained? Structural and functional diversification in a duplicated gene. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:783-97. [PMID: 22750491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) has a clearly defined role in neurotransmission, the functions of its sister enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) are more obscure. Numerous mutations, many inactivating, are observed in the human butyrylcholinesterase gene, and the butyrylcholinesterase knockout mouse has an essentially normal phenotype, suggesting that the enzyme may be redundant. Yet the gene has survived for many millions of years since the duplication of an ancestral acetylcholinesterase early in vertebrate evolution. In this paper, we ask the questions: why has butyrylcholinesterase been retained, and why are inactivating mutations apparently tolerated? Butyrylcholinesterase has diverged both structurally and in terms of tissue and cellular expression patterns from acetylcholinesterase. Butyrylcholinesterase-like activity and enzymes have arisen a number of times in the animal kingdom, suggesting the usefulness of such enzymes. Analysis of the published literature suggests that butyrylcholinesterase has specific roles in detoxification as well as in neurotransmission, both in the brain, where it appears to control certain areas and functions, and in the neuromuscular junction, where its function appears to complement that of acetylcholinesterase. An analysis of the mutations in human butyrylcholinesterase and their relation to the enzyme's structure is shown. In conclusion, it appears that the structure of butyrylcholinesterase's catalytic apparatus is a compromise between the apparently conflicting selective demands of a more generalised detoxifier and the necessity for maintaining high catalytic efficiency. It is also possible that the tolerance of mutation in human butyrylcholinesterase is a consequence of the detoxification function. Butyrylcholinesterase appears to be a good example of a gene that has survived by subfunctionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glynis Johnson
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Abstract
Kolinesteraze: struktura, uloga, inhibicijaAcetilkolinesteraza (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) i butirilkolinesteraza (BChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) enzimi su koji se zbog svoje uloge u organizmu intenzivno istražuju unutar područja biomedicine i toksikologije. Iako strukturno homologni, ovi enzimi razlikuju se prema katalitičkoj aktivnosti, odnosno specifičnosti prema supstratima koje mogu hidrolizirati te selektivnosti za vezanje mnogih liganada. U ovom radu dan je pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja kolinesteraza i njihovih interakcija s ligandima i inhibitorima te su izdvojene aminokiseline aktivnog mjesta koje sudjeluju u tim interakcijama.
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Pezzementi L, Nachon F, Chatonnet A. Evolution of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the vertebrates: an atypical butyrylcholinesterase from the Medaka Oryzias latipes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17396. [PMID: 21364766 PMCID: PMC3045457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are thought to be the result of a gene duplication event early in vertebrate evolution. To learn more about the evolution of these enzymes, we expressed in vitro, characterized, and modeled a recombinant cholinesterase (ChE) from a teleost, the medaka Oryzias latipes. In addition to AChE, O. latipes has a ChE that is different from either vertebrate AChE or BChE, which we are classifying as an atypical BChE, and which may resemble a transitional form between the two. Of the fourteen aromatic amino acids in the catalytic gorge of vertebrate AChE, ten are conserved in the atypical BChE of O. latipes; by contrast, only eight are conserved in vertebrate BChE. Notably, the atypical BChE has one phenylalanine in its acyl pocket, while AChE has two and BChE none. These substitutions could account for the intermediate nature of this atypical BChE. Molecular modeling supports this proposal. The atypical BChE hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine (ATCh) and propionylthiocholine (PTCh) preferentially but butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) to a considerable extent, which is different from the substrate specificity of AChE or BChE. The enzyme shows substrate inhibition with the two smaller substrates but not with the larger substrate BTCh. In comparison, AChE exhibits substrate inhibition, while BChE does not, but may instead show substrate activation. The atypical BChE from O. latipes also shows a mixed pattern of inhibition. It is effectively inhibited by physostigmine, typical of all ChEs. However, although the atypical BChE is efficiently inhibited by the BChE-specific inhibitor ethopropazine, it is not by another BChE inhibitor, iso-OMPA, nor by the AChE-specific inhibitor BW284c51. The atypical BChE is found as a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) amphiphilic dimer (G(2) (a)), which is unusual for any BChE. We classify the enzyme as an atypical BChE and discuss its implications for the evolution of AChE and BChE and for ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Pezzementi
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Antenne de la Tronche, La Tronche, France
| | - Arnaud Chatonnet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
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