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Gonzales M, Jacquet P, Gaucher F, Chabrière É, Plener L, Daudé D. AHL-Based Quorum Sensing Regulates the Biosynthesis of a Variety of Bioactive Molecules in Bacteria. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1268-1284. [PMID: 38390739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are social microorganisms that use communication systems known as quorum sensing (QS) to regulate diverse cellular behaviors including the production of various secreted molecules. Bacterial secondary metabolites are widely studied for their bioactivities including antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic compounds. Besides playing a crucial role in natural bacterial niches and intermicrobial competition by targeting neighboring organisms and conferring survival advantages to the producer, these bioactive molecules may be of prime interest to develop new antimicrobials or anticancer therapies. This review focuses on bioactive compounds produced under acyl homoserine lactone-based QS regulation by Gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic to humans and animals, including the Burkholderia, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Chromobacterium, and Pseudoalteromonas genera. The synthesis, regulation, chemical nature, biocidal effects, and potential applications of these identified toxic molecules are presented and discussed in light of their role in microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gonzales
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13288, France
- Gene&GreenTK, Marseille 13005, France
| | | | | | - Éric Chabrière
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13288, France
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2
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Milosevic E, Stanisavljevic N, Boskovic S, Stamenkovic N, Novkovic M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Kojic S, Jasnic J. Antitumor activity of natural pigment violacein against osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10975-10987. [PMID: 37270734 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcomas are rare and heterogenic tumors with unclear etiology. They develop in bone and connective tissue, mainly in pediatric patients. To increase efficacy of current therapeutic options, natural products showing selective toxicity to tumor cells are extensively investigated. Here, we evaluated antitumor activity of bacterial pigment violacein in osteosarcoma (OS) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines. METHODS The toxicity of violacein was assessed in vitro and in vivo, using MTT assay and FET test. The effect of violacein on cell migration was monitored by wound healing assay, cell death by flow cytometry, uptake of violacein by fluorescence microscopy, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DCFH-DA assay and lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay. RESULTS Violacein IC50 values for OS and RMS cells were in a range from 0.35 to 0.88 µM. Its selectivity toward malignant phenotype was confirmed on non-cancer V79-4 cells, and it was safe in vivo, for zebrafish embryos in doses up to 1 µM. Violacein induced apoptosis and affected the migratory potential of OS and RMS cells. It was found on the surfaces of tested cells. Regarding the mechanism of action, violacein acted on OS and RMS cells independently of oxidative signaling, as judged by no increase in intracellular ROS generation and no lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION Our study provided further evidence that reinforces the potential of violacein as an anticancer agent and candidate to consider for improvement of the effectiveness of traditional OS and RMS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Milosevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Boskovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stamenkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Novkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi-Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jasnic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Gupta R, Ghosh SK. Discerning perturbed assembly of lipids in a model membrane in presence of violacein: Effects of membrane hydrophobicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184130. [PMID: 36764473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
For the lack of effective antibiotics towards antibiotic resisting bacteria, it is required to discover new antibiotics and to understand their antimicrobial mechanism. Violacein is a violet pigment found in several gram-negative bacteria possessing antimicrobial properties to gram-positive bacteria. This present article investigates the insertion ability of this molecule into a model membrane composed of zwitterionic phospholipids. Thermodynamic characterization of lipid monolayers in the presence of violacein was carried out using a single lipid layer formed at air-water interface. The molecule inserts into the layer altering the area occupied by each lipid and the in-plane compressibility of the film. This insertion increases with the hydrophobic chain length of the lipid. The perturbed self-assembly of lipids in a bilayer is quantified using a lipid multilayer system applying the X-ray reflectivity technique. The electron density profile from the reflectivity data shows that the molecule inserts into the fluid phase creating a relatively ordered chain conformation. Further, the insertion into the gel phase is observed to increase with the increased thickness of the hydrophobic core of a bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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4
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Investigation of potential inhibitor properties of violacein against HIV-1 RT and CoV-2 Spike RBD:ACE-2. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:161. [PMID: 35834025 PMCID: PMC9281270 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A violacein-producing bacterium was isolated from a mud sample collected near a hot spring on Kümbet Plateau in Giresun Province and named the GK strain. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the GK strain was identified and named Janthinobacterium sp. GK. The crude violacein pigments were separated into three different bands on a TLC sheet. Then violacein and deoxyviolacein were purified by vacuum liquid column chromatography and identified by NMR spectroscopy. According to the inhibition studies, the HIV-1 RT inhibition rate of 1 mM violacein from the GK strain was 94.28% and the CoV-2 spike RBD:ACE2 inhibition rate of 2 mM violacein was 53%. In silico studies were conducted to investigate the possible interactions between violacein and deoxyviolacein and three reference molecules with the target proteins: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain. Ligand violacein binds strongly to the receptor ACE2, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain with a binding energy of −9.94 kcal/mol, −9.32 kcal/mol, and −8.27 kcal/mol, respectively. Deoxyviolacein strongly binds to the ACE2, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain with a binding energy of −10.38 kcal/mol, -9.50 kcal/mol, and −8.06 kcal/mol, respectively. According to these data, violacein and deoxyviolacein bind to all the receptors quite effectively. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and HIV-1-RT inhibition studies with violacein and deoxyviolacein were performed for the first time in the literature.
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5
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Faria AVS, Fonseca EMB, Fernandes-Oliveira PDS, de Lima TI, Clerici SP, Justo GZ, Silveira LR, Durán N, Ferreira-Halder CV. Violacein switches off low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase and rewires mitochondria in colorectal cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106000. [PMID: 35853296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) not only contributes to the progression of cancer but is associated with prostate low survival rate and colorectal cancer metastasis. We report that LMWPTP favors the glycolytic profile in some tumors. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to identify metabolic enzymes that correlate with LMWPTP expression in patient samples. Exploratory data analysis from RNA-seq, proteomics, and histology staining, confirmed the higher expression of LMWPTP in CRC. Our descriptive statistical analyses indicate a positive expression correlation between LMWPTP and energy metabolism enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). In addition, we examine the potential of violacein to reprogram energetic metabolism and LMWPTP activity. Violacein treatment induced a shift of glycolytic to oxidative metabolism associated with alteration in mitochondrial efficiency, as indicated by higher oxygen consumption rate. Particularly, violacein treated cells displayed higher proton leak and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as an indicator of the OXPHOS preference. Notably, violacein is able to bind and inhibit LMWPTP. Since the LMWPTP acts as a hub of signaling pathways that offer tumor cells invasive advantages, such as survival and the ability to migrate, our findings highlight an unexplored potential of violacein in circumventing the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuella M B Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tanes I de Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Durán N, Castro GR, Portela RWD, Fávaro WJ, Durán M, Tasic L, Nakazato G. Violacein and its antifungal activity: comments and potentialities. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:796-803. [PMID: 35687081 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Violacein is an important natural antimicrobial pigment that is mainly produced by Chromobacterium violaceum and Janthinobacterium lividum. It presents a significant range of effects against phytopathogenic and human fungi, besides being featured as having low toxicity, and by its important ecological role in protecting amphibian species and applications in dyed medical fabric. The hypothesis about violacein's action mechanisms against mucormycosis (Rhizopus arrhizus) and candidiasis (Candida auris) is herein discussed based on data available in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - G R Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.,Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC). Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - R W D Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - W J Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Tasic
- Biogical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - G Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
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7
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Olivera-Bravo S, Bolatto C, Otero Damianovich G, Stancov M, Cerri S, Rodríguez P, Boragno D, Hernández Mir K, Cuitiño MN, Larrambembere F, Isasi E, Alem D, Canclini L, Marco M, Davyt D, Díaz-Amarilla P. Neuroprotective effects of violacein in a model of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4439. [PMID: 35292673 PMCID: PMC8924276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive death of motor neurons and muscle atrophy, with defective neuron-glia interplay and emergence of aberrant glial phenotypes having a role in disease pathology. Here, we have studied if the pigment violacein with several reported protective/antiproliferative properties may control highly neurotoxic astrocytes (AbAs) obtained from spinal cord cultures of symptomatic hSOD1G93A rats, and if it could be neuroprotective in this ALS experimental model. At concentrations lower than those reported as protective, violacein selectively killed aberrant astrocytes. Treatment of hSOD1G93A rats with doses equivalent to the concentrations that killed AbAs caused a marginally significant delay in survival, partially preserved the body weight and soleus muscle mass and improved the integrity of the neuromuscular junction. Reduced motor neuron death and glial reactivity was also found and likely related to decreased inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Thus, in spite that new experimental designs aimed at extending the lifespan of hSOD1G93A rats are needed, improvements observed upon violacein treatment suggest a significant therapeutic potential that deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Olivera-Bravo
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Carmen Bolatto
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Otero Damianovich
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Stancov
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Cerri
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Rodríguez
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Boragno
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Hernández Mir
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Cuitiño
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Larrambembere
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Isasi
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Alem
- Genetic Department, IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Marta Marco
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Tumoral Biol Area, Clin Biochem Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Davyt
- Pharm Chem Lab, Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Díaz-Amarilla
- Cell and Mol Neurobiol Lab, NCIC Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kanelli M, Saleh B, Webster TJ, Vouyiouka S, Topakas E. Co-Encapsulation of Violacein and Iron Oxide in Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:729-739. [PMID: 35715912 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, the possibility of drug-resistant bacterial infections in hospitals and intensive care units comprises a significant concern especially for immunocompromised cancer patients. In the current study, violacein and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were co-encapsulated in polylactic acid nanoparticles (vio-Fe₃O₄-PLA) and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The loaded nanoparticles presented efficient saturation magnetization that rendered this nanosystem a promising candidate for magnetic targeting. Moreover, violacein released from the nanoparticles at 500 μg/mL successfully inhibited the growth of the "superbug" methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an IC50 value of 595.8 μg/mL, while it did not prove effective against multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli at concentrations of 10-1000 μg/mL. Finally, a concentration of 500 μg/mL of drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles induced an over 80% growth inhibition of glioblastoma and melanoma cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 221.30 and 201.60 μg/mL, respectively. Since bacterial infections are a key clinical problem for cancer patients due to their compromised immune systems, the presented results suggest that our system should be further studied for its simultaneous anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties, as it comprises a promising strategy for combating bacterial infections and providing anticancer activity through magnetic-targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kanelli
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Bahram Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stamatina Vouyiouka
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, NTUA, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece
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Neron B, Zingaropoli M, Radocchia G, Ciardi M, Mosca L, Pantanella F, Schippa S. Evaluation of the anti‑proliferative activity of violacein, a natural pigment of bacterial origin, in urinary bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:132. [DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Neron
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Radocchia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pantanella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Gohil N, Bhattacharjee G, Gayke M, Narode H, Alzahrani KJ, Singh V. Enhanced production of violacein by Chromobacterium violaceum using agro-industrial waste soybean meal. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1121-1133. [PMID: 34469627 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The research is aimed at developing an economic and sustainable growth medium using abundantly available and highly nutritive agro-industrial waste soybean meal as the substrate for the production of violacein by Chromobacterium violaceum. METHODS AND RESULTS Violacein produced using soybean meal medium was compared with the commercial complex growth media. Upon utilization of 2% w/v soybean meal (SM2 ) medium, 496 mg/L crude violacein was achieved after 48-hr incubation time, which was 1.62-fold higher than the crude violacein produced in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Additionally, supplementation of 100 mg/L L-tryptophan to 1% and 2% w/v soybean meal (SMT1 and SMT2 ) medium yielded 1217 mg/L (3.96-fold higher as compared to LB) and 1198 mg/L (3.90-fold higher as compared to LB) crude violacein respectively. Optimization of culture conditions and concentration of L-tryptophan using Box-Behnken design (BBD) model produced as high as 1504.5 mg/L crude violacein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest crude violacein produced to date using agro-industrial-based waste as a substrate with minimal supplementation in a shake flask. CONCLUSIONS The study signifies the potentiality of soybean meal as a cost-effective growth medium for the production of violacein. Optimization of the fermentation parameters clearly demonstrated a surge in violacein production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative to the expensive commercial media would surely promote the large-scale synthesis of this multifaceted compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Gayke
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Hanuman Narode
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Santos ALDC, Ferreira ACA, Figueiredo JRD. Potential use of bacterial pigments as anticancer drugs and female reproductive toxicity: a review. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Natural bioactive compounds obtained from microorganisms, have awakened particular interest in the industry nowadays. This attention comes when natural resources depletion is pronounced, and the acquisition of both new plant origin resources and bioactive products, represents a challenge for the next generations. In this sense, prospecting for large-scale production and use of bacterial pigments is a necessary strategy for the development of novel products. A wide variety of properties have been attributed to these substances and, among them, their therapeutic potential against important diseases, such as cancer. There is consensus that available chemotherapy protocols are known to detrimentally affect cancer patients fertility. Hence, considerable part of the deleterious effects of chemotherapy is related to the drugs cytotoxicity, which, in addition to cancer cells, also affect normal cells. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of bacterial pigments associated with low cytotoxicity and relevant cell selectivity, certified them as potential anticancer drugs. However, little information is available about reproductive toxicity of these new and promising compounds. Thus, the present review aims to address the main bacterial pigments, their potential uses as anticancer drugs and their possible toxic effects, especially on the female gonad.
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Santos ALDC, Ferreira ACA, Figueiredo JRD. Uso potencial de pigmentos bacterianos como drogas anticâncer e toxicidade reprodutiva feminina: uma revisão. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72911p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Os compostos bioativos naturais obtidos de microrganismos têm despertado especial interesse da indústria nos últimos anos. Esta atenção ocorre em um momento em que o esgotamento de recursos naturais é pronunciado, e a aquisição de novos insumos e produtos bioativos de origem vegetal representa um desafio para as próximas gerações. Neste sentido, a prospecção para a produção e uso em larga escala dos pigmentos bacterianos tem representado uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Uma grande variedade de propriedades foi atribuída a estas substâncias, entre elas, o potencial terapêutico contra doenças importantes, como o câncer. Existe um consenso de que os protocolos quimioterápicos disponíveis são conhecidos por afetarem negativamente a fertilidade de pacientes com câncer. Grande parte dos efeitos deletérios da quimioterapia está relacionado à citotoxicidade das drogas usadas para este fim, que além das células cancerosas, afetam as células normais. Nesse sentido, as propriedades naturais atribuídas aos pigmentos bacterianos associadas à baixa citotoxicidade e relevante seletividade, os qualificaram como potenciais drogas anticâncer. No entanto, pouco se tem de informação a respeito da toxicidade reprodutiva destes novos e promissores compostos. Dessa forma, a presente revisão tem o objetivo de abordar os principais pigmentos bacterianos, suas utilizações potenciais como drogas anticâncer, bem como os seus possíveis efeitos tóxicos, sobretudo, sobre a gônada feminina.
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Ahmed A, Ahmad A, Li R, AL-Ansi W, Fatima M, Mushtaq BS, Basharat S, Li Y, Bai Z. Recent Advances in Synthetic, Industrial and Biological Applications of Violacein and Its Heterologous Production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1465-1480. [PMID: 34584039 PMCID: PMC9705886 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Violacein, a purple pigment first isolated from a gram-negative coccobacillus Chromobacterium violaceum, has gained extensive research interest in recent years due to its huge potential in the pharmaceutic area and industry. In this review, we summarize the latest research advances concerning this pigment, which include (1) fundamental studies of its biosynthetic pathway, (2) production of violacein by native producers, apart from C. violaceum, (3) metabolic engineering for improved production in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Yarrowia lipolytica, (4) biological/pharmaceutical and industrial properties, (5) and applications in synthetic biology. Due to the intrinsic properties of violacein and the intermediates during its biosynthesis, the prospective research has huge potential to move this pigment into real clinical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Ahmed
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Abdullah Ahmad
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Renhan Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Waleed AL-Ansi
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Sana’a, 725, Yemen
| | - Momal Fatima
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Sajid Mushtaq
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Samra Basharat
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y. Li E-mail:
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,
Z. Bai Phone: +86510-85197983 Fax: +86510-85197983 E-mail:
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Ramdass AC, Rampersad SN. Molecular signatures of Janthinobacterium lividum from Trinidad support high potential for crude oil metabolism. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34670489 PMCID: PMC8527658 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Janthinobacterium lividum is considered to be a psychrotrophic bacterial species. For the first time in the literature, J. lividum strains were isolated from Trinidad presenting with atypical features - hydrocarbonoclastic and able to survive in a tropical environment. Methods Identification of the Trinidad strains was carried out through 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Gene-specific primers were designed to target the VioA which encodes violacein pigment and the EstA/B gene which encodes secreted extracellular lipase. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of VioA and EstA/B genes of the Trinidad Janthinobacterium strains to assess functionality and phylogenetic relatedness to other Janthinobacterium sequences specifically and more broadly, to other members of the Oxalobacteraceae family of betaproteobacteria. Results 16S rRNA confirmed the identity of the Trinidad strains as J. lividum and resolved three of the Trinidad strains at the intra-specific level. Typical motility patterns of this species were recorded. VioAp sequences were highly conserved, however, synonymous substitutions located outside of the critical sites for enzyme function were detected for the Trinidad strains. Comparisons with PDB 6g2p model from aa231 to aa406 further indicated no functional disruption of the VioA gene of the Trinidad strains. Phylogeny of the VioA protein sequences inferred placement of all J. lividum taxa into a highly supported species-specific clade (bs = 98%). EstA/Bp sequences were highly conserved, however, synonymous substitutions were detected that were unique to the Trinidad strains. Phylogenetic inference positioned the Trinidad consensus VioA and EstA protein sequences in a clearly distinct branch. Conclusions The findings showed that the primary sequence of VioAp and EstA/Bp were unique to the Trinidad strains and these molecular signatures were reflected in phylogenetic inference. Our results supported chemotaxis, possible elective inactivation of VioA gene expression and secreted lipase activity as survival mechanisms of the Trinidad strains in petrogenic conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02346-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Ramdass
- Biochemistry Research Lab (Rm216), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sephra N Rampersad
- Biochemistry Research Lab (Rm216), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Durán N, Nakazato G, Durán M, Berti IR, Castro GR, Stanisic D, Brocchi M, Fávaro WJ, Ferreira-Halder CV, Justo GZ, Tasic L. Multi-target drug with potential applications: violacein in the spotlight. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:151. [PMID: 34398340 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current review is to address updated research on a natural pigment called violacein, with emphasis on its production, biological activity and applications. New information about violacein's action mechanisms as antitumor agent and about its synergistic action in drug delivery systems has brought new alternatives for anticancer therapy. Thus, violacein is introduced as reliable drug capable of overcoming at least three cancer hallmarks, namely: proliferative signaling, cell death resistance and metastasis. In addition, antimicrobial effects on several microorganisms affecting humans and other animals turn violacein into an attractive drug to combat resistant pathogens. Emphasis is given to effects of violacein combined with different agents, such as antibiotics, anticancer agents and nanoparticles. Although violacein is well-known for many decades, it remains an attractive compound. Thus, research groups have been making continuous effort to help improving its production in recent years, which can surely enable its pharmaceutical and chemical application as multi-task compound, even in the cosmetics and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcela Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Ignasio R Berti
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Applied Biotechnology CINDEFI (UNLPCONICET, CCT La Plata),, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Applied Biotechnology CINDEFI (UNLPCONICET, CCT La Plata),, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetic, Evolution and Bioagents , Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner J Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas (Campus Diadema) e Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 3 de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Draft Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum ID1246, Isolated from a Rainbow Trout Hatchery Biofilm. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0044421. [PMID: 34264102 PMCID: PMC8280877 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00444-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain ID1246, isolated from within a rainbow trout hatchery raceway. Janthinobacterium spp. are well-known producers of antimicrobial compounds. Due to the unique isolation source, this genome may yield novel biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Discerning perturbed assembly of lipids in a model membrane in presence of violacein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183647. [PMID: 33989532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Violacein is a naturally found pigment that is used by some gram negative bacteria to defend themselves from various gram positive bacteria. As a result, this molecule has caught attention for its potential biomedical applications and has already shown promising outcomes as an antiviral, an antibacterial, and an anti-tumor agent. Understanding the interaction of this molecule with a cellular membrane is an essential step to extend its use in the pharmaceutical paradigm. Here, the interaction of violacein with a lipid monolayer formed at the air-water interface is found to depend on electrostatic nature of lipids. In presence of violacein, the two dimensional (2D) pressure-area isotherms of lipids have exhibited changes in their phase transition pressure and in-plane elasticity. To gain insights into the out-of-plane structural organization of lipids in a membrane, X-ray reflectivity (XRR) study on a solid supported lipid monolayer on a hydrophilic substrate has been performed. It has revealed that the increase in membrane thickness is more pronounced in the zwitterionic and positively charged lipids compared to the negatively charged one. Further, the lipid molecules are observed to decrease their tilt angle made with the normal of lipid membrane along with an alteration in their in-plane ordering. This has been quantified by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) experiments on the multilayer membrane formed in an environment with controlled humidity. The structural reorganization of lipid molecules in presence of violacein can be utilized to provide a detailed mechanism of the interaction of this molecule with cellular membrane.
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Abd Eldaim MA, Tousson E, El Sayed IET, Abd Elmaksoud AZ, Ahmed AAS. Ameliorative effects of 9-diaminoacridine derivative against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-induced hepatorenal injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21835-21850. [PMID: 33415614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induces hepatorenal injuries while acridine derivatives have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, this study evaluated the protective potential of a newly synthesized the 9-diaminoacridine derivative (9-DAAD), N1-(acridin-9-yl) propane-1, 3-diamine hydrochloride, against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced hepatorenal injury in female mice. Forty female mice were allocated into 4 groups. Group I was injected with 0.1% DMSO subcutaneously and kept a control. Group II received 9-DAAD (30 mg/kg bw/2 days) subcutaneously for 2 weeks. Group III was injected interaperitonealy with 2.5 × 106 cells of EAC/20 g bw. Group IV was injected with EAC as the third group and administered with 9-DAAD as the second group for 2 weeks after induction of EAC. EAC significantly elevated total leukocytes and platelets counts; activities of serum AST, ALT, and ALP; serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein; carcinoembryonic antigen; urea and creatinine; and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in hepatic and renal tissues. Meanwhile it decreased red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. At the same time, it significantly reduced serum levels of total protein and albumin and altered hepatic and renal tissues structures. Also, EAC decreased apoptosis and DNA synthesis in hepatic and renal cells. However, treatment of EAC-bearing mice with 9-DAAD improved liver and kidney structures, functions and modulated EAC altered parameters, as well as it reduced hepatic and renal cells proliferation and DNA synthesis. This study indicated that 9-DAAD had a potential ameliorative effect against EAC-induced hepatorenal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheben Elkom, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abdullah A S Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Sheben Elkom, 32511, Egypt
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Park H, Park S, Yang YH, Choi KY. Microbial synthesis of violacein pigment and its potential applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:879-901. [PMID: 33730942 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1892579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Violacein is a pigment synthesized by Gram-negative bacteria such as Chromobacterium violaceum. It has garnered significant interest owing to its unique physiological and biological activities along with its synergistic effects with various antibiotics. In addition to C. violaceum, several microorganisms, including: Duganella sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Iodobacter sp., and Massilia sp., are known to produce violacein. Along with the identification of violacein-producing strains, the genetic regulation, quorum sensing mechanism, and sequence of the vio-operon involved in the biosynthesis of violacein have been elucidated. From an engineering perspective, the heterologous production of violacein using the genetically engineered Escherichia coli or Citrobacter freundii host has also been attempted. Genetic engineering of host cells involves the heterologous expression of genes involved in the vio operon and the optimization of metabolic pathways and gene regulation. Further, the crystallography of VioD and VioE was revealed, and mass production by enzyme engineering has been accelerated. In this review, we highlight the biologically assisted end-use applications of violacein (such as functional fabric development, nanoparticles, functional polymer composites, and sunscreen ingredients) and violacein activation mechanisms, production strains, and the results of mass production with engineered methods. The prospects for violacein research and engineering applications have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunA Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - SeoA Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Choi SY, Lim S, Yoon KH, Lee JI, Mitchell RJ. Biotechnological Activities and Applications of Bacterial Pigments Violacein and Prodigiosin. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:10. [PMID: 33706806 PMCID: PMC7948353 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss violacein and prodigiosin, two chromogenic bacterial secondary metabolites that have diverse biological activities. Although both compounds were "discovered" more than seven decades ago, interest into their biological applications has grown in the last two decades, particularly driven by their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. These topics will be discussed in the first half of this review. The latter half delves into the current efforts of groups to produce these two compounds. This includes in both their native bacterial hosts and heterogeneously in other bacterial hosts, including discussing some of the caveats related to the yields reported in the literature, and some of the synthetic biology techniques employed in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeol Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sungbin Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hye Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Jin I Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Mirae Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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21
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Violacein improves recombinant IgG production by controlling the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:319-332. [PMID: 34149168 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used as host cells for industrial monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Cell cycle control is an effective approach to increase mAb production in the cell culture. Violacein, a purple-colored pigment produced by microorganisms, has diverse bioactive properties and has been proposed for various industrial applications. In this study, we evaluated the potency of violacein for cell cycle control and improvement of recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG) production in CHO cells. Compared with the control, 0.9 μM violacein in a 14-day fed-batch culture increased the maximum IgG concentration by 37.6% via increasing the specific production rate and cell longevity. Cell cycle analysis showed that violacein induced G1 and G2/M phase arrest. However, the G1 arrest was observed only on day 1, while G2/M arrest lasted more than 3 days, suggesting that G2/M arrest mediated the violacein-induced enhanced IgG production. Moreover, in line with the increased protein expression, the expression levels of IgG mRNA and nutrient metabolic rates were also increased. N-Linked glycosylation and charge variant profiles were barely affected by violacein treatment. Our results indicate that violacein affects the cell cycle of CHO cells and increases IgG production without changing product quality, showing promise as a mAb production enhancer in CHO cells. The study provides insight into violacein utilization in industrial mAb manufacturing and can help develop advanced, effective mAb production technologies using CHO cell cultures.
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Friedrich I, Hollensteiner J, Schneider D, Poehlein A, Hertel R, Daniel R. First Complete Genome Sequences of Janthinobacterium lividum EIF1 and EIF2 and Their Comparative Genome Analysis. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1782-1788. [PMID: 32658247 PMCID: PMC7549134 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first two complete genomes of the Janthinobacterium lividum species, namely strains EIF1 and EIF2, which both possess the ability to synthesize violacein. The violet pigment violacein is a secondary metabolite with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumoral properties. Both strains were isolated from environmental oligotrophic water ponds in Göttingen. The strains were phylogenetically classified by average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and showed a species assignment to J. lividum with 97.72% (EIF1) and 97.66% (EIF2) identity. These are the first complete genome sequences of strains belonging to the species J. lividum. The genome of strain EIF1 consists of one circular chromosome (6,373,589 bp) with a GC-content of 61.98%. The genome contains 5,551 coding sequences, 122 rRNAs, 93 tRNAs, and 1 tm-RNA. The genome of EIF2 comprises one circular chromosome (6,399,352 bp) with a GC-content of 61.63% and a circular plasmid p356839 (356,839 bp) with a GC-content of 57.21%. The chromosome encodes 5,691 coding sequences, 122 rRNAs, 93 tRNAs, and 1 tm-RNA and the plasmid harbors 245 coding sequences. In addition to the highly conserved chromosomally encoded violacein operon, the plasmid comprises a nonribosomal peptide synthetase cluster with similarity to xenoamicin, which is a bioactive compound effective against protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Friedrich
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hollensteiner
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Hertel
- FG Synthetic Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
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Alem D, Marizcurrena JJ, Saravia V, Davyt D, Martinez-Lopez W, Castro-Sowinski S. Production and antiproliferative effect of violacein, a purple pigment produced by an Antarctic bacterial isolate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:120. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pandey AK, Verma S. Combination drug therapy for multimodal treatment of cancer by targeting mitochondrial transcriptional pathway: An in-silico approach. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110075. [PMID: 32652430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pathologies are deeply associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. TFAM, transcription factor A of mitochondria plays eminent role in transcription and replication of mtDNA to synthesize different mitochondrial proteins, has been reported to have elevated levels during malignancy and can be a compelling target of the disease. We hypothesize that violacein and silver nanoparticles, as a dyad drug system, can structurally bind and inhibit TFAM at the interface of TFAM-DNA complex during replication and thus can hinder majority of pathways contributing to cancer proliferation. It is evident from our molecular docking analysis of violacein and silver nanoparticles with the TFAM-DNA complex which gave resulting negative binding energy of -8.836 kcal/mol for violacein with inhibition constant (Ki value) of 1.51 μM and high binding score of 9518 for silver nanoparticle in the DNA interacting cavity of TFAM. Hence, our hypothesis of employing violacein and silver nanoparticle for cancer treatment by TFAM inhibition seems highly promising and further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are extremely demanded in this concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, India.
| | - Shalja Verma
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, India; Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Rivero Berti I, Rodenak-Kladniew B, Onaindia C, Adam CG, Islan GA, Durán N, Castro GR. Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity of imidazole ionic liquids and inclusion in targeted drug carriers containing violacein. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29336-29346. [PMID: 35521105 PMCID: PMC9055966 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Violacein (Viol) is a pigment produced by several Gram-negative bacteria with many bioactivities, such as anticancer, virucide, and antiparasitic. However, violacein is insoluble under physiological conditions preventing its potential therapeutic uses. Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) based on the cation 1-alkylimidazolium ([CnHim]) with n = 10 to 16 alkyl carbon side chain lengths and acetate, bromide, methanesulfonate (S) or trifluoroacetate (F) as counterions were synthesized and screened to dissolve Viol in micellar aqueous media and for toxicological studies on the human lung carcinoma A549 cell line. Screening allowed the selection of 1.5 × 10−3% (w/v) [C16Him]-S because it combines low cytotoxicity with 71.5% cell viability and good interaction with 95.2% of the violacein kept in micellar solution for at least 48 h. [Viol-([C16Him]-S)] complex was used to develop an efficient hybrid solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carrier based on myristyl myristate and poloxamer 188 and tailored with folate to target cancer cells. Cellular SLN uptake was evaluated with fluorescent DiOC18 on A549, HCT-116, and HeLa cell lines expressing or not the folate receptor. The results showed fivefold incorporation of Viol nanoparticles in HCT-116 and HeLa cell cultures, displaying a high level of folate receptor. Biophysical characterization of the hybrid solid lipid carrier containing Viol was performed by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and by transmission electron and cryo-transmission microscopies. Violacein (Viol) is a pigment produced by several Gram-negative bacteria with many bioactivities, such as anticancer, virucide, and antiparasitic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET (CCT La Plata)
| | - Boris Rodenak-Kladniew
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP)
- CONICET-UNLP
- CCT-La Plata
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
- B1900 La Plata
| | - Celeste Onaindia
- IQAL
- Instituto de Química del Litoral (UNL-CONICET)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química-Universidad Nacional del Litoral
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Claudia G. Adam
- IQAL
- Instituto de Química del Litoral (UNL-CONICET)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química-Universidad Nacional del Litoral
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - German A. Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET (CCT La Plata)
| | - Nelson Durán
- Institute of Biology
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
- NanoMed Center
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET (CCT La Plata)
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Canuto J, Lima D, Menezes R, Batista A, Nogueira P, Silveira E, Grangeiro T, Nogueira N, Martins A. Antichagasic effect of violacein from
Chromobacterium violaceum. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1373-1380. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Canuto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - D.B. Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - R.R.P.P.B. Menezes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - A.H.M. Batista
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - P.C.D.N. Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - E.R. Silveira
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - T.B. Grangeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - N.A.P. Nogueira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - A.M.C. Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
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Isolation and characterization of violacein from an Antarctic Iodobacter: a non-pathogenic psychrotolerant microorganism. Extremophiles 2019; 24:43-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gao A, Chen H, Hou A, Xie K. Efficient antimicrobial silk composites using synergistic effects of violacein and silver nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109821. [PMID: 31349531 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Violacein, a natural violet biopigment with efficient bioactivities from Gram-negative bacteria, possesses good affinity to silk fiber and complexes with silver. In this paper, a new approach involving the surface modification of silk fabrics with violacein for the in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) was developed. Violacein is used to modify silk material. Subsequently, silk containing bio-violacein was in situ assembled by silver ions and formed SNPs. Functional silk composites (FSC) containing bio-violacein and SNPs were obtained with effective synergistic antimicrobial effects. FSC were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Exhaustion and amount of violacein on silk fabric were 65.82% and 0.16 g/g, respectively. SNPs were small particles with irregular shapes and sizes <60-70 nm. Antimicrobial activities of the FSC were evaluated against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. The silk fabric with violacein possessed good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, with a bacterial reduction of 81.25%. FSC with violacein combined with SNPs integration exhibited good synergistic properties as excellent antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, with microbial reductions of 99.98%, 99.90%, and 99.85%, respectively. FSC not only exhibited the enhanced antimicrobial effects but also exhibited a broadened antimicrobial range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huanghuang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aiqin Hou
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kongliang Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Enzymatic and Microbial Biosynthesis of Novel Violacein Glycosides with Enhanced Water Solubility and Improved Anti-nematode Activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Rahman MM, Hossain ASMS, Mostofa MG, Khan MA, Ali R, Mosaddik A, Sadik MG, Alam AHMK. Evaluation of anti-ROS and anticancer properties of Tabebuia pallida L. Leaves. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Berti IR, Rodenak-Kladniew B, Perez AA, Santiago L, Duran N, Castro GR. Development of biocarrier for violacein controlled release in the treatment of cancer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Marizcurrena JJ, Cerdá MF, Alem D, Castro-Sowinski S. Living with Pigments: The Colour Palette of Antarctic Life. SPRINGER POLAR SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02786-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Azman AS, Mawang CI, Abubakar S. Bacterial Pigments: The Bioactivities and as an Alternative for Therapeutic Applications. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pigments have been widely used in various applications since the 1980s. However, the hyperallergenicity or carcinogenicity effects of synthetic dyes have led to the increased research on natural pigments. Among the natural resources, bacterial pigments are a good alternative to synthetic pigments because of their significant properties. Bacterial pigments are also one of the emerging fields of research since it offers promising opportunities for different applications. Besides its use as safe coloring agents in the cosmetic and food industry, bacterial pigments also possess biological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities. This review article highlights the various types of bacterial pigments, the latest studies on the discovery of bacterial pigments and the therapeutic insights of these bacterial pigments which hopefully provides useful information, guidance and improvement in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christina-Injan Mawang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pauer H, Hardoim CCP, Teixeira FL, Miranda KR, Barbirato DDS, de Carvalho DP, Antunes LCM, Leitão ÁADC, Lobo LA, Domingues RMCP. Impact of violacein from Chromobacterium violaceum on the mammalian gut microbiome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203748. [PMID: 30212521 PMCID: PMC6136722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Violacein is a violet pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum that possesses several functions such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. The search for potential compounds and therapies that may interfere with and modulate the gut microbial consortia without causing severe damage and increased resistance is important for the treatment of inflammatory, allergic, and metabolic diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the ability of violacein to change microbial patterns in the mammalian gut by favoring certain groups over the others in order to be used as a therapy for diseases associated with changes in the intestinal microflora. To do this, we used male Wistar rats, and administered violacein orally, in low (50 μg/ml) and high (500 μg/ml) doses for a month. Initially, the changes in the microbial diversity were observed by DGGE analyses that showed that the violacein significantly affects the gut microbiota of the rats. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA was then employed using a 454 GS Titanium platform, and the results demonstrated that higher taxonomic richness was observed with the low violacein treatment group, followed by the control group and high violacein treatment group. Modulation of the microbiota at the class level was observed in the low violacein dose, where Bacilli and Clostridia (Firmicutes) were found as dominant. For the high violacein dose, Bacilli followed by Clostridia and Actinobacteria were present as the major components. Further analyses are crucial for a better understanding of how violacein affects the gut microbiome and whether this change would be beneficial to the host, providing a framework for the development of alternative treatment strategies for intestinal diseases using this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Pauer
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cassiolato Pires Hardoim
- Laboratório de Interação Hospedeiro-Microbiota, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lopes Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karla Rodrigues Miranda
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro–Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Caetano Martha Antunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Araujo Lobo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Regina Maria Cavalcanti Pilotto Domingues
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kanelli M, Mandic M, Kalakona M, Vasilakos S, Kekos D, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Topakas E. Microbial Production of Violacein and Process Optimization for Dyeing Polyamide Fabrics With Acquired Antimicrobial Properties. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1495. [PMID: 30042746 PMCID: PMC6048185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, crude bacterial extract containing violacein is investigated for the preparation of antimicrobial polyamide fabrics. The optimal culture conditions of Janthinobacterium lividum (JL) for maximum biomass and violacein production were found to be 25°C, pH 7.0, while the addition of ampicillin of 0.2 mg mL-1 in the small scale increased violacein production 1.3-fold. In scale-up trials, the addition of 1% (v/v) glycerol in a fed-batch bioreactor, resulted in fivefold extracted crude violacein increase with final concentration of 1.828 g L-1. Polyamide 6.6 fabrics were dyed following three different processes; through simultaneous fermentation and dyeing (SFD), by incubating the fabric in the sonicated bacterial culture after fermentation and by using cell-free extract containing violacein. Maximum color change (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) obtained for SFD fabrics were 74.81 and 22.01, respectively, while no alteration of fastness and staining of dye at acid and alkaline perspiration or at water was indicated. The dyed fabrics presented significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei, as well as antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and the S. aureus MRSA. We have shown that J. lividum cultures can be successfully used for violacein production and for simultaneous dying of fabrics resulting in dyed fabrics with antimicrobial properties without utilization of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kanelli
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Mandic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margarita Kalakona
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sozon Vasilakos
- Materials Industrial Research and Technology Center S.A., Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kekos
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Topakas
- IndBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biochemical and Chemical Process Engineering, Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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36
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Action and function of Chromobacterium violaceum in health and disease: Violacein as a promising metabolite to counteract gastroenterological diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:649-656. [PMID: 29566908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, β-proteobacterium found in the microbiota of tropical and subtropical environments. Although considered an opportunistic pathogen, infection rapidly progress to fatal sepsis, with metastatic abscesses. It is noteworthy the multidrug resistant phenotype of C. violaceum and the possibility of relapse. Recently, an influence of global climate in the incidence of cases beyond the previous areas has been observed. Furthermore, chronic granulomatous disease has been considered a risk factor to infection. Despite the increase in C. violaceum infection incidence and high mortality, most clinicians are not familiar with it. This review pointed out important features of this life threatening microorganism, including its pathogenicity, mechanistic aspects, genetic and drug resistance associated factors, and the clinical association with chronic granulomatous disease. In addition, its main metabolite violacein may be a promising agent to counteract gastroenterological diseases, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory gastric lesions.
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Im H, Choi SY, Son S, Mitchell RJ. Combined Application of Bacterial Predation and Violacein to Kill Polymicrobial Pathogenic Communities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14415. [PMID: 29089523 PMCID: PMC5663959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Violacein is a bisindole antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive bacteria while the bacterial predator, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100, predates on Gram-negative strains. In this study, we evaluated the use of both together against multidrug resistant pathogens. The two antibacterial agents did not antagonize the activity of the other. For example, treatment of Staphylococcus aureus with violacein reduced its viability by more than 2,000-fold with or without B. bacteriovorus addition. Likewise, predation of Acinetobacter baumannii reduced the viability of this pathogen by more than 13,000-fold, regardless if violacein was present or not. When used individually against mixed bacterial cultures containing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, violacein and B. bacteriovorus HD100 were effective against only their respective strains. The combined application of both violacein and B. bacteriovorus HD100, however, reduced the total pathogen numbers by as much as 84,500-fold. Their combined effectiveness was also demonstrated using a 4-species culture containing S. aureus, A. baumannii, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When used alone, violacein and bacterial predation reduced the total population by only 19% and 68%, respectively. In conjunction with each other, the pathogen viability was reduced by 2,965-fold (99.98%), illustrating the prospective use of these two antimicrobials together against mixed species populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Im
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Choi
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sangmo Son
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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Violacein induces death of RAS-mutated metastatic melanoma by impairing autophagy process. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14049-14058. [PMID: 27502397 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic melanoma still remains a challenge, since in advanced stage it is refractory to conventional treatments. Most patients with melanoma have either B-RAF or N-RAS mutations, and these oncogenes lead to activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and AKT signal pathway, keeping active the proliferation and survival pathways in the cell. Therefore, the identification of small molecules that block metastatic cell proliferation and induce cell death is needed. Violacein, a pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum found in Amazon River, has been used by our group as a biotool for scrutinizing signaling pathways associated with proliferation, survival, aggressiveness, and resistance of cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that violacein diminished the viability of RAS- and RAF-mutated melanoma cells (IC50 value ∼500 nM), and more important, this effect was not abolished after treatment medium removal. Furthermore, violacein was able to reduce significantly the invasion capacity of metastatic melanoma cells in 3D culture. In the molecular context, we have shown for the first time that violacein causes a strong drop on histone deacetylase 6 expression, a proliferating activator, in melanoma cells. Besides, an inhibition of AXL and AKT was detected. All these molecular events propitiate an inhibition of autophagy, and consequently, melanoma cell death by apoptosis.
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Elsherbiny NM, Al-Gayyar MM. Anti-tumor activity of arjunolic acid against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro through blocking TGF-β type 1 receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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40
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Ozaslan M, Karagoz I, Lawal R, Kilic I, Cakir A, Odesanmi O, Guler I, Ebuehi O. Cytotoxic and Anti-proliferative Activities of the Tetrapleura tetraptera Fruit Extract on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.655.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Durán N, Justo GZ, Durán M, Brocchi M, Cordi L, Tasic L, Castro GR, Nakazato G. Advances in Chromobacterium violaceum and properties of violacein-Its main secondary metabolite: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1030-1045. [PMID: 27288924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is important in the production of violacein, like other bacteria, such as Alteromonas, Janthinobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Duganella, Collimonas and Escherichia. Violacein is a versatile pigment, where it exhibits several biological activities, and every year, it shows increasing commercially interesting uses, especially for industrial applications in cosmetics, medicines and fabrics. This review on violacein focuses mainly on the last five years of research regarding this target compound and describes production and importance of quorum sensing in C. violaceum, mechanistic aspects of its biosynthesis, monitoring processes, genetic perspectives, pathogenic effects, antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities, immunomodulatory potential and uses, antitumor potential and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Durán
- Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, University of Campinas, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; LNNano (CNPEM) Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-Diadema), SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Durán
- NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Urogenital, Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Institute of Biology, Department Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Cordi
- NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Department Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, University of Campinas, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata) - School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
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Alshatwi AA, Subash-Babu P, Antonisamy P. Violacein induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through up regulation of BAX, p53 and down regulation of MDM2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:89-97. [PMID: 26521020 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the anticancer potential of violacein and its time, dose dependent mechanism of action in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We observed, violacein inhibit MCF-7 cells viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, IC50 value was 4.5 μM in 24 h, 1.7 μM in 48 h and 0.51 μM in 72 h. Violacein triggered generation of intra cellular ROS even from the lower doses, significant ROS production was observed from 0.25, 0.45 μM dose range and it is relative to higher doses. Further we fixed 0.45 μM and 4.5 μM as an experimental dose for relative dose dependent analysis. In nuclear staining, after 48 h 0.45 μM dose showed characteristic apoptotic morphological changes such as, 59% of cells in apoptosis and 11% of cells in necrotic stage, also in 72 h we found 68% in apoptosis and 12% in necrotic stage. However, 4.5 μM (IC50) dose of violacein, 78% of cells became apoptotic and 21% in necrotic after 48 h; but in 72 h only 61% cells are in apoptotic, necrosis was increased to 38%. Violacein increased both mitochondrial and extra mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related gene expressions; it was confirmed by increased CYP1A, GPX, GSK3β and TNF-α gene. Further, 0.45 and 4.5 μM of violacein increased apoptotic genes, such as Bax, p53, caspase 3, Fas, FADD and markedly reduced Bcl-2 and MDM2 expression levels to two fold when compared to control. In addition violacein upregulated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), CDKN1A and caspase-9 significantly (p≤0.05) when compared to control. Relative quantification of caspase-8 was differently expressed; there were no changes in 0.45 μM, but in 4.5 μM we found two fold increased caspase-8 expression. In conclusion, lower dose of violacein treatment induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through TNF-α and p53 dependent mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshatwi
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Subash-Babu
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Antonisamy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, South Korea
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High-level production of violacein by the newly isolated Duganella violaceinigra str. NI28 and its impact on Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15598. [PMID: 26489441 PMCID: PMC4614999 DOI: 10.1038/srep15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A violacein-producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as a relative of Duganella violaceinigra YIM 31327 based upon phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA, gyrB and vioA gene sequences and a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. This new strain was designated D. violaceinigra str. NI28. Although these two strains appear related based upon these analyses, the new isolate was phenotypically different from the type strain as it grew 25% faster on nutrient media and produced 45-fold more violacein. When compared with several other violacein producing strains, including Janthinobacterium lividum, D. violaceinigra str. NI28 was the best violacein producer. For instance, the crude violacein yield with D. violaceinigra str. NI28 was 6.0 mg/OD at 24 hours, a value that was more than two-fold higher than all the other strains. Finally, the antibacterial activity of D. violaceinigra str. NI28 crude violacein was assayed using several multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Addition of 30 μM crude violacein led to a 96% loss in the initial S. aureus population while the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1.8 μM. Consequently, this novel isolate represents a phenotypic variant of D. violaceinigra capable of producing much greater quantities of crude violacein, an antibiotic effective against multidrug resistant S. aureus.
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Masuelli L, Pantanella F, La Regina G, Benvenuto M, Fantini M, Mattera R, Di Stefano E, Mattei M, Silvestri R, Schippa S, Manzari V, Modesti A, Bei R. Violacein, an indole-derived purple-colored natural pigment produced by Janthinobacterium lividum, inhibits the growth of head and neck carcinoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3705-17. [PMID: 26462840 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Violacein (VIO; 3-[1,2-dihydro-5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-3H-pyrrol-3-ylidene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one), an indole-derived purple-colored pigment, produced by a limited number of Gram-negative bacteria species, including Chromobacterium violaceum and Janthinobacterium lividum, has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer activity, as it interferes with survival transduction signaling pathways in different cancer models. Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) represents the sixth most common and one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. We determined whether VIO was able to inhibit head and neck cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. We provide evidence that VIO treatment of human and mouse head and neck cancer cell lines inhibits cell growth and induces autophagy and apoptosis. In fact, VIO treatment increased PARP-1 cleavage, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, and the expression of light chain 3-II (LC3-II). Moreover, VIO was able to induce p53 degradation, cytoplasmic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. VIO induced a significant increase in ROS production. VIO administration was safe in BALB/c mice and reduced the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells (SALTO) in vivo and prolonged median survival. Taken together, our results indicate that the treatment of head and neck cancer cells with VIO can be useful in inhibiting in vivo and in vitro cancer cell growth. VIO may represent a suitable tool for the local treatment of HNC in combination with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Pantanella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases-Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romano Silvestri
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases-Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Violacein: Properties and Production of a Versatile Bacterial Pigment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:465056. [PMID: 26339614 PMCID: PMC4538413 DOI: 10.1155/2015/465056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Violacein-producing bacteria, with their striking purple hues, have undoubtedly piqued the curiosity of scientists since their first discovery. The bisindole violacein is formed by the condensation of two tryptophan molecules through the action of five proteins. The genes required for its production, vioABCDE, and the regulatory mechanisms employed have been studied within a small number of violacein-producing strains. As a compound, violacein is known to have diverse biological activities, including being an anticancer agent and being an antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive pathogens. Identifying the biological roles of this pigmented molecule is of particular interest, and understanding violacein's function and mechanism of action has relevance to those unmasking any of its commercial or therapeutic benefits. Unfortunately, the production of violacein and its related derivatives is not easy and so various groups are also seeking to improve the fermentative yields of violacein through genetic engineering and synthetic biology. This review discusses the recent trends in the research and production of violacein by both natural and genetically modified bacterial strains.
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46
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new curcumin analogues as antioxidant and antitumor agents: Molecular modeling study. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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ePathOptimize: A Combinatorial Approach for Transcriptional Balancing of Metabolic Pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11301. [PMID: 26062452 PMCID: PMC4650668 DOI: 10.1038/srep11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to fine tune gene expression has created the field of metabolic pathway optimization and balancing where a variety of factors affecting flux balance are carefully modulated to improve product titers, yields, and productivity. Using a library of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible mutant T7 promoters of varied strength a combinatorial method was developed for transcriptional balancing of the violacein pathway. Violacein biosynthesis involves a complex five-gene pathway that is an excellent model for exploratory metabolic engineering efforts into pathway regulation and control due to many colorful intermediates and side products allowing for easy analysis and strain comparison. Upon screening approximately 4% of the total initial library, several high-titer mutants were discovered that resulted in up to a 63-fold improvement over the control strain. With further fermentation optimization, titers were improved to 1829 ± 46 mg/L; a 2.6-fold improvement in titer and a 30-fold improvement in productivity from previous literature reports.
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Leal AMDS, de Queiroz JDF, de Medeiros SRB, Lima TKDS, Agnez-Lima LF. Violacein induces cell death by triggering mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 26048053 PMCID: PMC4457087 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Violacein is a purple pigment from Chromobacterium violaceum that possesses diverse biological and pharmacological properties. Among these, pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities have been suggested. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by violacein are poorly understood and the improvement in knowledge regarding these cell death mechanisms will be useful to develop new therapeutic approaches. Considering this, in our work, we investigated the pro-oxidant effects of violacein in non-tumor (CHO-K1 and MRC-5) and tumor (HeLa) cell lines, searching for a better understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death induction. Results Cytotoxicity induced by violacein was observed in the three cell lines; however, MRC-5 and HeLa cells were shown to be more sensitive to violacein treatment. Although punctual alterations in the antioxidant apparatus and increase in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in some violacein concentrations, no association was found between increased oxidative stress and induction of cell death. However, the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. Conclusions In fact, the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential in MRC-5 and HeLa cells suggests that mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization might be the main cause of cell death triggered by violacein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maria de Sousa Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jana Dara Freires de Queiroz
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Violacein Treatment Modulates Acute and Chronic Inflammation through the Suppression of Cytokine Production and Induction of Regulatory T Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125409. [PMID: 25938431 PMCID: PMC4418714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a necessary process to control infection. However, exacerbated inflammation, acute or chronic, promotes deleterious effects in the organism. Violacein (viola), a quorum sensing metabolite from the Gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, has been shown to protect mice from malaria and to have beneficial effects on tumors. However, it is not known whether this drug possesses anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated whether viola administration is able to reduce acute and chronic autoimmune inflammation. For that purpose, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1 μg of LPS and were treated with viola (3.5mg/kg) via i.p. at the same time-point. Three hours later, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the sera and phenotypical characterization of leukocytes were determined. Mice treated with viola presented a significant reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines compared with untreated mice. Interestingly, although viola is a compound derived from bacteria, it did not induce inflammation upon administration to naïve mice. To test whether viola would protect mice from an autoimmune inflammation, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)-inflicted mice were given viola i.p. at disease onset, at the 10th day from immunization. Viola-treated mice developed mild EAE disease in contrast with placebo-treated mice. The frequencies of dendritic cells and macrophages were unaltered in EAE mice treated with viola. However, the sole administration of viola augmented the levels of splenic regulatory T cells (CD4+Foxp3+). We also found that adoptive transfer of viola-elicited regulatory T cells significantly reduced EAE. Our study shows, for the first time, that violacein is able to modulate acute and chronic inflammation. Amelioration relied in suppression of cytokine production (in acute inflammation) and stimulation of regulatory T cells (in chronic inflammation). New studies must be conducted in order to assess the possible use of viola in therapeutic approaches in human autoimmune diseases.
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50
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Mehta T, Vercruysse K, Johnson T, Ejiofor AO, Myles E, Quick QA. Violacein induces p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated solid tumor cell death and inhibits tumor cell migration. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1443-8. [PMID: 25816226 PMCID: PMC4438925 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites have emerged as alternative novel drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Violacein, a purple pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, was investigated in the present study for its anti-tumor properties in tumor cell lines. Clinically applicable concentrations of violacein were demonstrated to inhibit the proliferative capacity of tumor cell lines according to a crystal violet proliferation assay. The underlying mechanism was the promotion of apoptotic cell death, as indicated by poly(ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling determined by western blot analysis. Collectively, this provided mechanistic evidence that violacein elicits extracellular-signal regulated kinase-induced apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. The anti-malignant properties of violacein in the present study were further demonstrated by its inhibitory effects on brain tumor cell migration, specifically glioblastomas, one of the most invasive and therapeutically resistant neoplasms in the clinic. Additionally, solid tumors examined in the present study displayed differential cellular responses and sensitivities to violacein as observed by morphologically induced cellular changes that contributed to its anti-migratory properties. In conclusion, violacein is a novel natural product with the potential to kill several types of human tumor cell lines, as well as prevent disease recurrence by antagonizing cellular processes that contribute to metastatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toral Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Koen Vercruysse
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Terrance Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | | | - Elbert Myles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Quincy Antoine Quick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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