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Fernandes ARDS, de Brito GA, Baptista AL, Andrade LAS, Imanishe MH, Pereira BJ. The influence of acute kidney disease on the clinical outcomes of patients who received cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e479. [PMID: 35036578 PMCID: PMC8753493 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Cisplatin (CDDP) is used as the first line of treatment for some tumors, but its use may be restricted due to its nephrotoxicity. Carboplatin (CARBO) and oxaliplatin (OXA) are less nephrotoxic alternatives to CDDP. This study has the objective to determine the incidence of acute kidney disease after chemotherapy with CDDP, CARBO, or OXA. Methods A clinical study of a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent treatment with CDDP, CARBO, or OXA from January‐December 2016. Acute kidney Disease (AKD) was defined as elevated serum creatinine (sCR) levels before and up to 3 months after chemotherapy. Morbidities, type of tumor, and treatment data were recorded. Results A total of 212 patients aged 55.5 ± 14.0 years were evaluated. Among the comorbidities, 30% had arterial hypertension (AH) and 11% had diabetes, and 18% were treated with CDDP, 41% with CARBO, and 41% with OXA. There was no difference in sCR levels before and after chemotherapy regardless of the chemotherapy used. The prevalence of eGFRs <60 mL/min after chemotherapy was higher in patients with AH and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The incidence of post‐chemotherapy AKD was 7.0% (n = 13) and the mortality rate was 38.2%. Survival was lower in patients with AKD (P = .012). Conclusions There was a low incidence of AKD among the patients regardless of the chemotherapy used, but the patients with AKD had shorter survival. In addition, the reduction in eGFR after chemotherapy was greater in patients with AH and CVD.
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Yu G, Ma J. Protective Effect of Pyxinol, One Active Ingredient of Lichenes on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Ameliorating DNA Damage Response. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735731. [PMID: 34552492 PMCID: PMC8450395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin is a valuable chemotherapeutic agent against malignant tumors. However, the clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its side effects such as renal injury. Pyxinol is an active constituent of Lichenes and its effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is currently unknown. This study aims to examine the potential protective effects of pyxinol on cisplatin-induced renal injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods:In vivo rat model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of cisplatin. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were measured and renal histological analysis was conducted to evaluate the renal function; The TUNEL staining, western blotting and real-time PCR assays were conducted to examine related molecular changes. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy was examined in the xenograft tumor model using nude mice. Results: Pretreatment with pyxinol attenuated cisplatin-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urinary protein excretion and the magnitude of injury in the renal tubules. Pyxinol ameliorated the activation of p53 via attenuating the DNA damage response, which then attenuated the tubular cell apoptosis. Finally, pyxinol could potentiate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin against the xenograft tumor of cervical cancer cells in nude mice. Conclusions: Combining pyxinol with cisplatin could alleviate cisplatin-induced renal injury without decreasing its therapeutic efficacy, which might represent a beneficial adjunct therapy for cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimens in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhu
- People's Hospital of Jimo District, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Casanova AG, Hernández-Sánchez MT, Martínez-Salgado C, Morales AI, Vicente-Vicente L, López-Hernández FJ. A meta-analysis of preclinical studies using antioxidants for the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity: implications for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:780-800. [PMID: 33170047 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1837070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug whose clinical use and efficacy are limited by its nephrotoxicity, which affects mainly the renal tubules and vasculature. It accumulates in proximal and distal epithelial tubule cells and causes oxidative stress-mediated cell death and malfunction. Consequently, many antioxidants have been tested for their capacity to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In this study, we made a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyzed 152 articles, which tested the nephroprotective effect of isolated compounds or mixtures of natural origin on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in preclinical models. This meta-analysis identified the most effective candidates and examined the efficacy obtained by antioxidants administered by the oral and intraperitoneal routes. By comparing with a recent, similar meta-analysis performed on clinical studies, this article identifies a disconnection between preclinical and clinical research, and contextualizes, discusses, and integrates the existing preclinical information toward the optimized selection of candidates to be further explored (clinical level). Despite proved efficacy, this article discusses the barriers limiting the clinical development of natural mixtures, such as those in extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers and Heliotropium eichwaldii roots. On the contrary, isolated compounds are more straightforward candidates, among which arjunolic acid and quercetin stand out in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo G Casanova
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Hernández-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Morales
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Vicente-Vicente
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
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Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091317. [PMID: 32937925 PMCID: PMC7565610 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the nephroprotective effects of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts and carvedilol on hyperoxaluria-induced urolithiasis and to scrutinize the possible roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of mushrooms’ aqueous extracts were also performed and revealed the presence of multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components. Hyperoxaluria was induced in Wistar rats through the addition of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water for nine weeks. The ethylene glycol-administered rats were orally treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg) and carvedilol (30 mg/kg) daily during the last seven weeks. The study showed that Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and carvedilol all successfully inhibited ethylene glycol-induced histological perturbations and the elevation of serum creatinine, serum urea, serum and urinary uric acid, serum, urinary and kidney oxalate, urine specific gravity, kidney calcium, kidney NF-κB, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, p53, Bax and Bak expressions as well as serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Moreover, the treatment decreased the reduction in urinary creatinine, urinary urea, ratios of urinary creatinine to serum creatinine and urinary urea to serum urea, Fex Urea and Bcl-2 expression in kidney. In conclusion, although Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus extracts and carvedilol all significantly inhibited the progression of nephrolithiasis and showed nephroprotective effects against ethylene glycol-induced kidney dysfunction, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus seemed to be more effective than carvedilol. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects may be mediated via affecting NF-κB activation, extrinsic apoptosis and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Hashem MA, Mahmoud EA, Abd-Allah NA. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and DNA status in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Selective Inhibition on Organic Cation Transporters by Carvedilol Protects Mice from Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Pharm Res 2018; 35:204. [PMID: 30191328 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusions (MATEs), located in the basolateral and apical membrane of proximal tubular cells respectively, are crucial determinants of renal elimination and/or toxicity of cationic drugs such as cisplatin. The purpose of this study was to discover selective OCT inhibitors over MATEs, and explore their potential to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity that is clinically common. METHODS The inhibition by select compounds on the uptake of the probe substrate metformin was assessed in HEK293 cells overexpressing human OCT2, OCT1, MATE1, MATE2-K, and mouse Oct2, Oct1, and Mate1. Furthermore, the effects of carvedilol on organic cation transporter-mediated cellular and renal accumulation of metformin and cisplatin, and particularly the toxicity associated with cisplatin, were investigated in HEK293 cells and mice. RESULTS Five selective OCT inhibitors were identified through the screening of forty-one drugs previously reported as the inhibitors of OCTs and/or MATEs. Among them, carvedilol showed the most selectivity on OCTs over MATEs (IC50: 3.6 μM for human OCT2, 103 μM for human MATE1 and 202 μM for human MATE2-K) in the cellular assays in vitro, with the selectivity in mice as well. Moreover, carvedilol treatment could significantly decrease cisplatin accumulation and ameliorate its toxicity both in vitro in cells and in vivo in mouse kidney. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that selective inhibition of OCTs by carvedilol may protect from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by restraining the cellular entry of cisplatin via OCTs, while having no impact on its elimination through MATEs.
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Eid AH, Abdelkader NF, Abd El-Raouf OM, Fawzy HM, El-Denshary EEDS. Carvedilol alleviates testicular and spermatological damage induced by cisplatin in rats via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1693-1702. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Carvalho Rodrigues MA, dos Santos NAG, da Silva Faria MC, Rodrigues JL, Kinoshita A, Baffa O, Antunes LMG, Barbosa F, Gobe GC, dos Santos AC. Carvedilol protects the kidneys of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 245:59-65. [PMID: 26751708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cisp) is an effective antitumor drug; however, it causes severe nephrotoxicity. Minimization of renal toxicity is essential, but the interference of nephroprotective agents, particularly antioxidants, with the antitumor activity of cisplatin is a general concern. We have recently demonstrated that the anti-hypertensive and antioxidant drug carvedilol (CV) protects against the renal damage and increases the survival of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the tumor reduction by cisplatin. So far, reports on the antioxidant mechanism of CV are controversial and there are no data on the impact of CV on the antitumor mechanisms of cisplatin. Therefore, this study addresses the effect of CV on mechanisms underlying the tumor control by cisplatin. CV did not interfere with the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. We also addressed the antioxidant mechanisms of CV and demonstrated that it does not neutralize free radicals, but is an efficient chelator of ferrous ions that are relevant catalyzers in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The present data suggest that oxidative damage and genotoxicity play different roles in the toxicity of cisplatin on kidneys and tumors and therefore, some antioxidants might be safe as chemoprotectors. Altogether, our studies provide consistent evidence of the beneficial effect of CV on animals treated with cisplatin and might encourage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Carvalho Rodrigues
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, UDF, SEP/SUL EQ704/904 Conj.A, Brasilia/DF, CEP 70390-045, Brazil
| | - Neife A G dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C da Silva Faria
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Angela Kinoshita
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusania M Greggi Antunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Luo X, Pan H, Huang W, Wang X, Wen H, Shen K, Jin B. Pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase protects against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in mice by two step mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Liu D, Huang Y, Li B, Jia C, Liang F, Fu Q. Carvedilol promotes neurological function, reduces bone loss and attenuates cell damage after acute spinal cord injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:202-12. [PMID: 25424914 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Changqing Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Gao L. Anti-apoptotic Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Rat Testis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
| | - Hailian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
| | - Liping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
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Sahu BD, Koneru M, Bijargi SR, Kota A, Sistla R. Chromium-induced nephrotoxicity and ameliorative effect of carvedilol in rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 223:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The pseudoginsenoside F11 ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising its anti-tumor activity in vivo. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4986. [PMID: 24832194 PMCID: PMC4023132 DOI: 10.1038/srep04986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of cisplatin was severely limited by its associated nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether the pseudoginsenoside F11 had protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. To clarify it, one in vivo model of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure was performed. The results showed that pretreatment with F11 reduced cisplatin-elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, as well as ameliorated the histophathological damage. Further studies showed that F11 could suppress P53 activation, inverse the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and the anti-oxidative and free radical levels induced by cisplatin, which in turn inhibited tubular cell apoptosis. Importantly, F11 enhanced rather than inhibited the anti-tumor activity of cispaltin in murine melanoma and Lewis lung cancer xenograft tumor models. Our findings suggested that administering F11 with cisplatin might alleviate the associated nephrotoxicity without compromising its therapeutic efficiency. This finding provides a novel potential strategy in the clinical treatment of cancer.
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