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Zhang Q, Du Z, Zhou W, Li W, Yang Q, Yu H, Liu T. ZDHHC1 downregulates LIPG and inhibits colorectal cancer growth via IGF2BP1 Palmitoylation. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1427-1437. [PMID: 39069526 PMCID: PMC11405259 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Alteration in lipid metabolism is recognized as a hallmark feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein S-palmitoylation plays a critical role in many different cellular processes including protein-lipid interaction. Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Containing 1 (ZDHHC1, also known as ZNF377) belongs to the palmitoyl-transferase ZDHHC family, and is a potential tumor suppressor. However, our knowledge of the functional roles of ZDHHC1 in CRC is limited. We discovered that ZDHHC1 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and that low levels of ZDHHC1 were associated with unfavorable prognosis. Functional studies showed that ZDHHC1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. We also found that lipase G (LIPG) is negatively regulated by ZDHHC1 and plays a key role in CRC cell growth through lipid storage. Additionally, we demonstrated that ZDHHC1 functions as a IGF2BP1-palmitoylating enzyme that induces S-palmitoylation at IGF2BP1-C337, which results in downregulated LIPG expression via m6A modification. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the ZDHHC1/IGF2BP1/LIPG signaling axis is associated with inhibition of CRC cell growth. Our study uncovers the potential role of ZDHHC1 in CRC, including inhibition of CRC growth by reducing the stability of LIPG mRNA in an m6A dependent-manner by palmitoylation of IGF2BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhouyuan Du
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Chakraborty A, Kamat SS. Lysophosphatidylserine: A Signaling Lipid with Implications in Human Diseases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5470-5504. [PMID: 38607675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to an array of human autoimmune and neurological disorders. It has an indispensable role in several biological processes in humans, and therefore, cellular concentrations of lyso-PS are tightly regulated to ensure optimal signaling and functioning in physiological settings. Given its biological importance, the past two decades have seen an explosion in the available literature toward our understanding of diverse aspects of lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and its association with human diseases. In this Review, we aim to comprehensively summarize different aspects of lyso-PS, such as its structure, biodistribution, chemical synthesis, and SAR studies with some synthetic analogs. From a biochemical perspective, we provide an exhaustive coverage of the diverse biological activities modulated by lyso-PSs, such as its metabolism and the receptors that respond to them in humans. We also briefly discuss the human diseases associated with aberrant lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and posit some future directions that may advance our understanding of lyso-PS-mediated mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Dhiman P, Yadav N, Auti PS, Jaswal S, Singh G, Mehan S, Ghosh B, Paul AT, Monga V. Discovery of thiazolidinedione-based pancreatic lipase inhibitors as anti-obesity agents: synthesis, in silico studies and pharmacological investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38315459 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of new 2,5-disubstituted arylidene derivatives of thiazolidinedione (16a-e, 17a-d, 18a-c) designed using molecular hybridization approach were synthesized, structurally characterized, and explored for their anti-obesity potential via inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase (PL). Compound 18a presented the most potent PL inhibitory activity with IC50 = 2.71 ± 0.31 µM, as compared to the standard drug, Orlistat (IC50 = 0.99 µM). Kinetic study revealed reversible competitive mode of enzyme inhibition by compound 18a with an inhibitory constant value of 1.19 µM. The most promising compound 18a revealed satisfactory binding mode within the active site of the target protein (human PL, PDB ID: 1LPB). Also, MM/PBSA binding free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis were performed for the most promising compound 18a, which showed potent inhibition according to the results of in vitro studies. Furthermore, a stable conformation of the 1LPB-ligand suggested the stability of this compound in the dynamic environment. The ADME and toxicity analysis of the compounds were examined using web-based online platforms. Results of in vivo studies confirmed the anti-obesity efficacy of compound 18a, wherein oral treatment with compound 18a (30 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction in the body weight, BMI, Lee index, feed intake (in Kcal), body fat depots and serum triglycerides. Compound 18a significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) to 128.6 ± 0.59 mg/dl and serum total triglycerides (TG) to 95.73 ± 0.67 mg/dl as compared to the HFD control group. The present study identified disubstituted TZD derivatives as a new promising class of anti-obesity agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India
| | - Prashant S Auti
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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The Contribution of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020292. [PMID: 36672227 PMCID: PMC9856599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is defined as unintentional weight loss secondary to neoplasia and is associated with poor prognosis and outcomes. Cancer cachexia associated weight loss affects both lean tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle) and adipose tissue. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from multivesicular bodies that contain intentionally loaded biomolecular cargo. Exosome cargo includes proteins, lipids, mitochondrial components, and nucleic acids. The cargo carried in exosomes is thought to alter cell signaling when it enters into recipient cells. Virtually every cell type secretes exosomes and exosomes are known to be present in nearly every biofluid. Exosomes alter muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and biological processes, including macrophage polarization and apoptosis which contribute to the development of the cachexia phenotype. This has led to an interest in the role of tumor cell derived exosomes and their potential role as biomarkers of cancer cell development as well as their contribution to cachexia and disease progression. In this review, we highlight published findings that have studied the effects of tumor derived exosomes (and extracellular vesicles) and their cargo on the progression of cancer cachexia. We will focus on the direct effects of tumor derived exosomes and their cellular cross talk on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, the primary sites of weight loss due to cancer cachexia.
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Shanbhag K, Sharma K, Kamat SS. Photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes and their applications in mammalian biology. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:37-46. [PMID: 36685253 PMCID: PMC9811504 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biological molecules that possess many critical physiological functions, which enable the optimal survival of all organisms, including humans. While the role of lipids in the formation of biological cellular membranes and as a source of energy is fairly well understood, the cellular signalling pathways that lipids modulate in mammals are, in comparison, poorly characterized mechanistically and/or largely unknown. In an effort to dissect these mammalian cellular pathways regulated by signalling lipids and map hitherto unknown protein-lipid interactions, the last two decades have seen tremendous progress in the development of multifunctional lipid probes that, in conjunction with well-established bioorthogonal chemistries and chemoproteomics platforms, has almost exponentially expanded our knowledge in this field. In this review, we focus on the various photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes described in the literature, and briefly summarize the different photo-crosslinking groups and bioorthogonal chemistries used by them. Furthermore, we report specific case examples of such photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes, and discuss the new biological pathways and insights that have emerged from their use through chemoproteomics in mammalian cells. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with the use of lipid probes in biological systems, and highlight their importance in the discovery and mechanistic understanding of lipid signalling pathways in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shanbhag
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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A Simple and Portable Personal Glucose Meter Method Combined with Molecular Docking for Screening of Lipase Inhibitors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4430050. [PMID: 36185086 PMCID: PMC9522516 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4430050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increase of obesity incidence, the development of antiobesity drugs has aroused extensive interest. In this study, a simple and portable personal glucose meter (PGM) method based on the lipase-mediated reaction combined with molecular docking was developed for the screening of lipase inhibitors. Lipase can catalyse the hydrolysis of 4-acetamidophenyl acetate to form acetaminophen, which can directly trigger the reduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] to K4[Fe(CN)6] in the glucose test strips and generate an electrical signal that can be detected by the PGM. When lipase inhibitors exist, the yield of acetaminophen will be reduced and results in a corresponding decrease of the PGM signal. Therefore, the activity of lipase can be measured by the PGM. After optimization of the experimental conditions, the inhibitory activity of fourteen small-molecule compounds and fifteen natural product extracts on lipase were evaluated by the developed PGM method. The results indicate that tannic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin have good inhibitory effect on lipase (% of inhibition higher than 40.0%). Besides, the natural product extracts of Galla Chinensis, lemon, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma have a good inhibitory effect on lipase with % of inhibition of (97.5 ± 0.6)%, (88.1 ± 0.7)%, and (79.1 ± 1.6)%, respectively. Finally, the binding sites and modes of six small-molecule compounds on lipase were investigated by the molecular docking study. The results show that the developed PGM method is an effective approach for the discovery of potential lipase inhibitors.
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Singh AP, Arya H, Singh V, Kumar P, Gautam HK. Identification of natural inhibitors to inhibit C. acnes lipase through docking and simulation studies. J Mol Model 2022; 28:281. [PMID: 36040538 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease affecting 80-90% of teenagers worldwide. C. acnes producing lipases are the main virulence factor that catalyzes sebum lipid into free fatty acid that is used for C. acnes growth. Recently, computational biology and bioinformatics play a significant role in drug discovery programs and the identification of novel lead(s). In this study, potential inhibitors against the C. acnes lipase have been identified via cost-effective computational investigations. Molecular docking, MD simulations, and binding affinity analysis have been performed between the active site of C. acnes lipase protein and selected natural plant constituents. First, C. acnes lipase protein was downloaded from PDB and defined the catalytically active site. Next, 16 active natural plant constituents were shortlisted from the PubChem library (based on their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antibacterial activity). Docking studies identified the best five active compounds that showed significantly strong binding affinity interacted through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π-stacking with the active site residues of the target protein. Furthermore, a 100 ns MD simulation run showed a stable RMSD and less fluctuating RMSF graph for luteolin and neryl acetate. In silico investigation suggested that luteolin, neryl acetate, and isotretinoin were involved in stable interactions which were maintained throughout the MD run with the C. acnes lipase enzyme, virtually. The results advocated that these could potentially inhibit lipase activity and be used in the clinical management of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Pratap Singh
- CSlR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hemant Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vijay Singh
- CSlR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- CSlR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hemant K Gautam
- CSlR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India. .,Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Targeting ABCC6 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impairment of Mature Adipocyte Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169218. [PMID: 36012482 PMCID: PMC9409192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette transporter with a so far unknown substrate mainly expressed in the liver and kidney, cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Symptoms of PXE in patients originate from the calcification of elastic fibers in the skin, eye, and vessels. Previous studies suggested an involvement of ABCC6 in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. The intention of this study was to examine the influence of ABCC6 deficiency during adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hMSCs). Induction of adipogenic differentiation goes along with significantly elevated ABCC6 gene expression in mature adipocytes. We generated an ABCC6-deficient cell culture model using clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat Cas9 (CRISPR–Cas9) system to clarify the role of ABCC6 in lipid homeostasis. The lack of ABCC6 in hMSCs does not influence gene expression of differentiation markers in adipogenesis but results in a decreased triglyceride content in cell culture medium. Protein and gene expression analysis of mature ABCC6-deficient adipocytes showed diminished intra- and extra-cellular lipolysis, release of lipids, and fatty acid neogenesis. Therefore, our results demonstrate impaired lipid trafficking in adipocytes due to ABCC6 deficiency, highlighting adipose tissue and peripheral lipid metabolism as a relevant target for uncovering systemic PXE pathogenesis.
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9
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Identification of the specific causes of polysorbate 20 degradation in monoclonal antibody formulations containing multiple lipases. Pharm Res 2022; 39:75-87. [PMID: 34981317 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbates (PS) are excipients used in the biotech industry to stabilize monoclonal antibody (mAb) protein products. However, PS in drug product formulations can be degraded during storage and lead to particle formation because of the limited solubility of the free fatty acids released through the enzymatic hydrolysis of PS-a process driven by residual host cell proteins, especially lipases, that are co-purified with the drugs. When multiple lipases are present, it is very difficult to know the cause for PS degradation. In this study, we aim to determine the cause of PS degradation from two lipases, lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). METHODS PS degradation pattern of the drug product was compared with those induced by recombinant lipases. Correlations between the concentration of LPL or LAL and PS20 loss were compared. Specific inhibitors, LAL inhibitor lalistat2 and LPL inhibitor GSK264220A, were used to differentiate their degradation of PS in the drug products. RESULTS The complete inhibition of PS20 degradation by lalistat2 suggested that LAL, rather than LPL, was responsible for the PS20 degradation. In addition, LAL was more strongly correlated than LPL with the percentage of PS20 degradation. No PS20 degradation was observed for several mAbs containing similar levels of LPL (0.5-1.5 ppm) in the absence of LAL, suggesting that LPL concentrations below 1.5 ppm does not degrade PS20 in drug products. CONCLUSIONS LAL was determined to be the cause of the PS20 degradation. This study provides a practical strategy to determine the root cause of PS degradation.
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Robello M, Barresi E, Baglini E, Salerno S, Taliani S, Settimo FD. The Alpha Keto Amide Moiety as a Privileged Motif in Medicinal Chemistry: Current Insights and Emerging Opportunities. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3508-3545. [PMID: 33764065 PMCID: PMC8154582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers in drug discovery have taken advantage of the use of privileged structures to design innovative hit/lead molecules. The α-ketoamide motif is found in many natural products, and it has been widely exploited by medicinal chemists to develop compounds tailored to a vast range of biological targets, thus presenting clinical potential for a plethora of pathological conditions. The purpose of this perspective is to provide insights into the versatility of this chemical moiety as a privileged structure in drug discovery. After a brief analysis of its physical-chemical features and synthetic procedures to obtain it, α-ketoamide-based classes of compounds are reported according to the application of this motif as either a nonreactive or reactive moiety. The goal is to highlight those aspects that may be useful to understanding the perspectives of employing the α-ketoamide moiety in the rational design of compounds able to interact with a specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Robello
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, LBC, NIDDK, NIH, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Exploring the Chemical Space of Macro- and Micro-Algae Using Comparative Metabolomics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020311. [PMID: 33546180 PMCID: PMC7913273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With more than 156,000 described species, eukaryotic algae (both macro- and micro-algae) are a rich source of biological diversity, however their chemical diversity remains largely unexplored. Specialised metabolites with promising biological activities have been widely reported for seaweeds, and more recently extracts from microalgae have exhibited activity in anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant screens. However, we are still missing critical information on the distinction of chemical profiles between macro- and microalgae, as well as the chemical space these metabolites cover. This study has used an untargeted comparative metabolomics approach to explore the chemical diversity of seven seaweeds and 36 microalgal strains. A total of 1390 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) features were detected, representing small organic algal metabolites, with no overlap between the seaweeds and microalgae. An in-depth analysis of four Dunaliella tertiolecta strains shows that environmental factors may play a larger role than phylogeny when classifying their metabolomic profiles.
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12
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Liu XT, Liu TT, Xu HL, Chen QX, Wang Q. Inhibitory kinetics and bioactivities of Nuciferine and Methyl Ganoderate on Mucor miehei lipase and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1719-1728. [PMID: 32971170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, inhibitory kinetics of Nuciferine and Methyl Ganoderate extrated from Lotus Leaves and Ganoderma lucidum on Mucor miehei Lipase were studied first. The molecular structure of Nuciferine and Methyl Ganoderate were determined. The inhibitory effects of two extracts on lipase were reversible, with the IC50 values of 0.194 and 0.332 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibition kinetic analysis by Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that they were a mixed-type inhibitor of lipase, with inhibition constants KI of 0.16 and 0.29 mg/mL, and KIS of 0.36 and 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. Results of spectral analysis showed that the UV absorption and the molecule fluorescence spectrum of the lipase hydrolyzate were significantly decreased after the inhibitor was added. The molecular docking further suggested that the interaction site between the active substance and inhibitor was located in an α-helix and a β-sheet of the lipase, and the lipase active site was interfered by the inhibitor near the cap structure. In addition, the proliferation and differentiation of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes were inhibited by two extracts. Total triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly reduced in the cells. The results confirmed that Nuciferine and Methyl Ganoderate can be used as potential obesity treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui-Long Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Wagner C, Hois V, Pajed L, Pusch LM, Wolinski H, Trauner M, Zimmermann R, Taschler U, Lass A. Lysosomal acid lipase is the major acid retinyl ester hydrolase in cultured human hepatic stellate cells but not essential for retinyl ester degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158730. [PMID: 32361002 PMCID: PMC7279957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is stored as retinyl esters (REs) in lipid droplets of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). To date, two different pathways are known to facilitate the breakdown of REs: (i) Hydrolysis of REs by neutral lipases, and (ii) whole lipid droplet degradation in autolysosomes by acid hydrolysis. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of neutral and acid RE hydrolases to the breakdown of REs in human HSCs. (R)-Bromoenol lactone (R-BEL), inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitor 76-0079, as well as the serine-hydrolase inhibitor Orlistat reduced neutral RE hydrolase activity of LX-2 cell-lysates between 20 and 50%. Interestingly, in pulse-chase experiments, R-BEL, 76-0079, as well as Orlistat exerted little to no effect on cellular RE breakdown of LX-2 cells as well as primary human HSCs. In contrast, Lalistat2, a specific lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) inhibitor, virtually blunted acid in vitro RE hydrolase activity of LX-2 cells. Accordingly, HSCs isolated from LAL-deficient mice showed RE accumulation and were virtually devoid of acidic RE hydrolase activity. In pulse-chase experiments however, LAL-deficient HSCs, similar to LX-2 cells and primary human HSCs, were not defective in degrading REs. In summary, results demonstrate that ATGL, PNPLA3, and HSL contribute to neutral RE hydrolysis of human HSCs. LAL is the major acid RE hydrolase in HSCs. Yet, LAL is not limiting for RE degradation under serum-starvation. Together, results suggest that RE breakdown of HSCs is facilitated by (a) so far unknown, non-Orlistat inhibitable RE-hydrolase(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Victoria Hois
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Pusch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Guo H, Chen Y, Song N, Yang X, Yao S, Qian J. Screening of lipase inhibitors from bamboo leaves based on the magnetic ligand fishing combined with HPLC/MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Khedr NF, Ebeid AM, Khalil RM. New insights into weight management by orlistat in comparison with cinnamon as a natural lipase inhibitor. Endocrine 2020; 67:109-116. [PMID: 31721089 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Orlistat which is taken by obese patients may present some therapeutic assistance through its inhibition of lipase activity. Otherwise, a natural lipase inhibitor as cinnamon is widely used traditional medicine to decrease cholesterol and body weight. The current study aimed to investigate the weight management of orlistat in comparison with cinnamon through different obesity related targets. METHODS Subjects were divided into: Group 1: subjects received cinnamon capsules for 60 days. Group 2: subjects were received orlistat twice daily for 30 days, then once daily for another 30 days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 2 months. RESULTS Both orlistat and cinnamon groups showed a significant reduction in BMI, lipid profile, and lipase activity compared with baseline. Orlistat group showed significant elevation (p < 0.001) in glucagon, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and dopamine level concomitant with the decrease of serum glutamate compared with baseline level of the same group and cinnamon group. However, cinnamon reduced serum insulin level and insulin resistance (IR) compared with baseline level of the same group and orlistat group. CONCLUSIONS Orlistat can be used in weight management not only for its pancreatic lipase inhibition but also, due to its indirect appetite reduction effect through elevated glucagon, IDE and dopamine levels and its inhibitory effect on glutamate neurotransmitter, whereas, cinnamon improves BMI and glycaemic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abla M Ebeid
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasaa, Egypt
| | - Rania M Khalil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasaa, Egypt
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16
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Lin VS, Volk RF, DeLeon AJ, Anderson LN, Purvine SO, Shukla AK, Bernstein HC, Smith JN, Wright AT. Structure Dependent Determination of Organophosphate Targets in Mammalian Tissues Using Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:414-425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S. Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Regan F. Volk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Adrian J. DeLeon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Samuel O. Purvine
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Anil K. Shukla
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
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17
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Dato FM, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas as reversible inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103352. [PMID: 31668797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is involved in a plethora of pathological conditions, in particular pain and inflammation, various types of cancer, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and is therefore a promising target for drug development. Although a large number of irreversible-acting MAGL inhibitors have been discovered over the past years, there are only few compounds known so far which inhibit the enzyme in a reversible manner. Therefore, much effort is put into the development of novel chemical entities showing reversible inhibitory behavior, which is thought to cause less undesired side effects. To explore a wide range of chemical structures as MAGL binders, we have applied a virtual screening approach by docking small molecules into the crystal structure of human MAGL (hMAGL) and envisaged a library of 45 selected compounds which were then synthesized. Biochemical investigations included the determination of the inhibitory potency on hMAGL and two related hydrolases, i.e. human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH) and murine cholesterol esterase (mCEase). The most promising candidates from theses analyses, i.e. three ω-quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas bearing alkyl spacers of three to five methylene groups, exhibited IC50 values of 20-41 µM and reversible, detergent-insensitive behavior towards hMAGL. Among these compounds, the inhibitor 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)butyl)urea (96) was selected for further kinetic characterization, yielding a dissociation constant Ki = 15.4 µM and a mixed-type inhibition with a pronounced competitive component (α = 8.94). This mode of inhibition was further supported by a docking experiment, which suggested that the inhibitor occupies the substrate binding pocket of hMAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Lupien LE, Dunkley EM, Maloy MJ, Lehner IB, Foisey MG, Ouellette ME, Lewis LD, Pooler DB, Kinlaw WB, Baures PW. An Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase Thioesterase Domain with Improved Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells and Stability in Plasma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:171-185. [PMID: 31300609 PMCID: PMC7184194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that many cancers are addicted to a constant supply of fatty acids (FAs) and exhibit brisk de novo FA synthesis. Upregulation of a key lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a near-universal feature of human cancers and their precursor lesions, and has been associated with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival. FASN inhibition has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells, but progress in the field has been hindered by off-target effects and poor pharmaceutical properties of candidate compounds. Our initial hit (compound 1) was identified from a high-throughput screening effort by the Sanford-Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics using purified FASN thioesterase (FASN-TE) domain. Despite being a potent inhibitor of purified FASN-TE, compound 1 proved highly unstable in mouse plasma and only weakly cytotoxic to breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. An iterative process of synthesis, cytotoxicity testing, and plasma stability assessment was used to identify a new lead (compound 41). This lead is more cytotoxic against multiple BC cell lines than tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid (the literature standard for inhibiting FASN), is stable in mouse plasma, and shows negligible cytotoxic effects against nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Compound 41 also has drug-like physical properties based on Lipinski's rules and is, therefore, a valuable new lead for targeting fatty acid synthesis to exploit the requirement of tumor cells for fatty acids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An iterative process of synthesis and biological testing was used to identify a novel thioesterase domain FASN inhibitor that has drug-like properties, is more cytotoxic to breast cancer cells than the widely used tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid, and has negligible effects on the growth and proliferation of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Our studies have confirmed the value of using potent and selective FASN inhibitors in the treatment of BC cells and have shown that the availability of exogenous lipoproteins may impact both cancer cell FA metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Lupien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Evan M Dunkley
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Margaret J Maloy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Ian B Lehner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maxwell G Foisey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maddison E Ouellette
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Darcy Bates Pooler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W Baures
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
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19
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Johnson AA. Lipid Hydrolase Enzymes: Pragmatic Prolongevity Targets for Improved Human Healthspan? Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:107-121. [PMID: 31426688 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, which plays critical roles in fat storage, cell membrane maintenance, and cell signaling, is intricately linked to aging. Lipid hydrolases are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of more complex lipids into simpler lipids. Diverse interventions targeting lipid hydrolases can prolong or shorten life in model organisms. For example, the genetic removal of or RNAi knockdown against a phospholipase can reduce lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus. The removal of lysosomal acid lipase results in premature death in mice, while its overexpression in nematodes generates lean, long-lived individuals. The overexpression or inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase leads to enhanced or reduced longevity, respectively, in both worms and flies. Lifespan can also be extended by knocking down triacylglycerol lipases in yeast, overexpressing fatty acid amide hydrolase in worms, or removing hepatic lipase in a mouse model of coronary disease. Conversely, flies lacking the triacylglycerol lipase Brummer are obese and short lived. Linking sphingolipids and aging, removing the sphingomyelinase inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase shortens chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while inhibiting an acid sphingomyelinase in worms or inactivating alkaline ceramidase in flies extends lifespan. The clinical potential of manipulating these enzymes is highlighted by the FDA-approved obesity drug orlistat, which is an inhibitor of pancreatic and hepatic lipases that induces weight loss and improves insulin/glucose homeostasis. Additional research is warranted to better understand how these lipid hydrolases impact aging and to determine if clinical interventions targeting them are capable of improving human healthspan.
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20
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Nascimento PAM, Picheli FP, Lopes AM, Pereira JFB, Santos-Ebinuma VC. Effects of cholinium-based ionic liquids on Aspergillus niger lipase: Stabilizers or inhibitors. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2838. [PMID: 31087815 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are well-known biocatalysts used in several industrial processes/applications. Thus, as with other enzymes, changes in their surrounding environment and/or their thermodynamic parameters can induce structural changes that can increase, decrease, or even inhibit their catalytic activity. The use of ionic compounds as solvents or additives is a common approach for adjusting reaction conditions and, consequently, for controlling the biocatalytic activity of enzymes. Herein, to elucidate the effects of ionic compounds on the structure of lipase, the stability and enzymatic activity of lipase from Aspergillus niger in aqueous solutions (at 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 M) of six cholinium-based ionic liquids (cholinium chloride [Ch]Cl; cholinium acetate ([Ch][Ac]); cholinium propanoate ([Ch][Prop]); cholinium butanoate ([Ch][But]); cholinium pentanoate ([Ch][Pent]); and cholinium hexanoate ([Ch][Hex])) were evaluated over 24 hr. The enzymatic activity of lipase was maintained or enhanced in the lower concentrations of all the [Ch]+ -ILs (below 0.1 M). [Ch][Ac] maintained the biocatalytic behavior of lipase, independent of the IL concentration and incubation time. However, above 0.1 M, [Ch][Pent] and [Ch][Hex] caused complete inhibition of the catalytic activity of the enzyme, demonstrating that the increase in the anionic alkyl chain length strongly affected the conformation of the lipase. The hydrophobicity and concentration of the [Ch]+ -ILs play an important role in the enzyme activity, and these parameters can be controlled by adjusting the anionic alkyl chain length. The inhibitory effects of [Ch][Pent] and [Ch][Hex] may be of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry to induce pharmacological inhibition of gastric and pancreatic lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma A M Nascimento
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio P Picheli
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André M Lopes
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Cadenas C, Vosbeck S, Edlund K, Grgas K, Madjar K, Hellwig B, Adawy A, Glotzbach A, Stewart JD, Lesjak MS, Franckenstein D, Claus M, Hayen H, Schriewer A, Gianmoena K, Thaler S, Schmidt M, Micke P, Pontén F, Mardinoglu A, Zhang C, Käfferlein HU, Watzl C, Frank S, Rahnenführer J, Marchan R, Hengstler JG. LIPG-promoted lipid storage mediates adaptation to oxidative stress in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:901-915. [PMID: 30653260 PMCID: PMC6618071 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (LIPG) is a cell surface associated lipase that displays phospholipase A1 activity towards phosphatidylcholine present in high‐density lipoproteins (HDL). LIPG was recently reported to be expressed in breast cancer and to support proliferation, tumourigenicity and metastasis. Here we show that severe oxidative stress leading to AMPK activation triggers LIPG upregulation, resulting in intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in breast cancer cells, which supports survival. Neutralizing oxidative stress abrogated LIPG upregulation and the concomitant lipid storage. In human breast cancer, high LIPG expression was observed in a limited subset of tumours and was significantly associated with shorter metastasis‐free survival in node‐negative, untreated patients. Moreover, expression of PLIN2 and TXNRD1 in these tumours indicated a link to lipid storage and oxidative stress. Altogether, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for LIPG in enabling oxidative stress‐induced lipid droplet accumulation in tumour cells that protects against oxidative stress, and thus supports tumour progression. What's new? Endothelial lipase (LIPG), a cell surface‐associated lipase with multifaceted roles, is expressed on breast cancer cells, but its molecular function and clinical relevance remain unknown. Here the authors uncover a link between oxidative stress and LIPG upregulation and show that high LIPG expression is associated with shorter metastasis‐free survival in women with node‐negative breast cancer. The authors speculate that LIPG may favor metastasis by enabling stress adaptation through lipid droplet formation and protection of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Vosbeck
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Grgas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Birte Hellwig
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alshaimaa Adawy
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Glotzbach
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joanna D Stewart
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michaela S Lesjak
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Franckenstein
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Schriewer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Tridomus C, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heiko U Käfferlein
- Center of Toxicology, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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22
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Kelkar DS, Ravikumar G, Mehendale N, Singh S, Joshi A, Sharma AK, Mhetre A, Rajendran A, Chakrapani H, Kamat SS. A chemical-genetic screen identifies ABHD12 as an oxidized-phosphatidylserine lipase. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:169-178. [PMID: 30643283 PMCID: PMC6420073 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are transient, highly reactive intermediates or byproducts produced during oxygen metabolism. However, when innate mechanisms are unable to cope with sequestration of surplus ROS, oxidative stress results, in which excess ROS damage biomolecules. Oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS), a proapoptotic 'eat me' signal, is produced in response to elevated ROS, yet little is known regarding its chemical composition and metabolism. Here, we report a small molecule that generates ROS in different mammalian cells. We used this molecule to detect, characterize and study oxidized PS in mammalian cells. We developed a chemical-genetic screen to identify enzymes that regulate oxidized PS in mammalian cells and found that the lipase ABHD12 hydrolyzes oxidized PS. We validated these findings in different physiological settings including primary peritoneal macrophages and brains from Abhd12-/- mice under inflammatory stress, and in the process, we functionally annotated an enzyme regulating oxidized PS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree S Kelkar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Neelay Mehendale
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Amol Mhetre
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Abinaya Rajendran
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India.
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23
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Melani NB, Tambourgi EB, Silveira E. Lipases: From Production to Applications. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1564328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália B. Melani
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias B. Tambourgi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Silveira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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24
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In vitro evaluation of the anti-digestion and antioxidant effects of grape seed procyanidins according to their degrees of polymerization. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Martínez-Ruiz A, Tovar-Castro L, García HS, Saucedo-Castañeda G, Favela-Torres E. Continuous ethyl oleate synthesis by lipases produced by solid-state fermentation by Rhizopus microsporus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:52-58. [PMID: 29879651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipases produced by solid-state fermentation were used directly as biocatalysts for continuous synthesis of ethyl oleate in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The effect of biocatalyst reutilisation, molar ratio of substrates, agitation rate and feed rate on the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol were investigated. The catalyst maintained 90% conversion for four batch cycles with a 1:2 molar ratio (oleic acid:ethanol). Mechanical agitation at 200 and 300 rpm during 12 h of continuous reaction did not affect the biocatalytic conversion, allowing substrate conversions greater than 90% that were obtained with 50 mM oleic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 during 14 h reaction. In contrast, substrate conversion was 70% with 100 mM oleic acid at a flow rate of 2 mL/min during 25 h of reaction. These results are promising and offer a technical alternative for the development of accessible biocatalysts that can be used in continuous operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Luz Tovar-Castro
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04960, Mexico
| | - Hugo Sergio García
- Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Calzada Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Saucedo-Castañeda
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City C.P. 09340, Mexico.
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26
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Navarrete M, Ho J, Dwivedi RC, Choi N, Ezzati P, Spicer V, Arora RC, Rigatto C, Wilkins JA. Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Intraoperative Serine Hydrolase Activities during Cardiac Surgery. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3547-3556. [PMID: 30192561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The processes involved in the initiation of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are thought to occur during the intraoperative period. Such a rapid development might indicate that some of the inductive events are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis, raising the possibility that changes in activities of pre-existing enzymes could contribute to the development of AKI. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) was used to compare the serine hydrolase enzyme activities present in the urines of CPB patients who subsequently developed AKI versus those who did not (non-AKI) during the intra- and immediate postoperative periods. Sequential urines collected from a nested case-control cohort of AKI and non-AKI patients were reacted with a serine hydrolase activity probe, fluorophosphonate-TAMRA, and separated by SDS-PAGE. The patterns and levels of probe-labeled proteins in the two groups were initially comparable. However, within 1 h of CPB there were significant pattern changes in the AKI group. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based analysis of probe-labeled enzymes in AKI urines at 1 h CPB and arrival to the intensive care unit (ICU) identified 28 enzymes. Quantitative analysis of the activity of one of the identified enzymes, kallikrein-1, revealed some trends suggesting differences in the levels and temporal patterns of enzyme activity between a subset of patients who developed AKI and those who did not. A comparative analysis of affinity-purified probe reacted urinary proteins from these patient groups during the intraoperative period suggested the presence of both shared and unique enzyme patterns. These results indicate that there are intraoperative changes in the levels and types of serine hydrolase activities in patients who subsequently develop AKI. However, the role of these activity differences in the development of AKI remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Navarrete
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada
| | - Julie Ho
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Biomedical Proteomics , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada.,Department of Immunology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Ravi C Dwivedi
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada
| | - Nora Choi
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada.,Department of Immunology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Peyman Ezzati
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Department of Surgery , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada.,Cardiac Sciences Program , St Boniface Hospital , Winnipeg , Manitoba R2H 2A6 , Canada
| | - Claudio Rigatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - John A Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology , University of Manitoba & Health Sciences Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3P4 , Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Biomedical Proteomics , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
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27
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Dato FM, Sheikh M, Uhl RZ, Schüller AW, Steinkrüger M, Koch P, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1833-1847. [PMID: 30004170 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure-activity relationship study of a small library of ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω-phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so-optimized compounds 2 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki ) of 1-19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases-monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase-were inhibited by ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Sheikh
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rocky Z Uhl
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra W Schüller
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Steinkrüger
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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28
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Saini DK, Pabbi S, Shukla P. Cyanobacterial pigments: Perspectives and biotechnological approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:616-624. [PMID: 30077705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the oxygenic photosynthesis performing prokaryotes and show a connecting link between plastids of eukaryotic autotrophs and prokaryotes. A variety of pigments, like chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins which exhibit different colors are present in cyanobacteria. Increasing consciousness about the harmful effects of synthetic or chemical dyes encouraged people to give more preference towards the usage of natural products, such as plant or microbial-derived colors in food and cosmetics. That is why cyanobacteria are exploited as a source of natural colors and have high commercial value in many industries. This review mainly focuses on different cyanobacterial pigments, their applications and modern biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, systems biology to enhance the production of biopigments for their potential use in pharmaceuticals, food, research, and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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29
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Quiroga AD, Lehner R. Pharmacological intervention of liver triacylglycerol lipolysis: The good, the bad and the ugly. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:233-241. [PMID: 30006193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation is the distinctive feature of obesity. In the liver, sustained TG accretion leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), eventually progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, which is associated with complications including hepatic failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Pharmacological interventions are actively pursued to prevent lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and, therefore, to ameliorate the associated pathophysiological conditions. Here, we sought to provide an overview of the pharmacological approaches to up- or downregulate the expression and activities of the enzymes involved in hepatic TG hydrolysis. Fatty acids (FA) released by hydrolysis of hepatic TG can be used for β-oxidation, signaling, and for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG synthesis. Originally, lipolysis was believed to be centered in the adipose and to be catalyzed by only two lipases, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). However, genetic ablation of HSL expression in mice failed to erase TG hydrolysis in adipocytes leading to the identification of a third lipase termed adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Although these three enzymes are considered to be the main players governing lipolysis in the adipocyte, other lipolytic enzymes have been described to contribute to hepatic TG metabolism. These include adiponutrin/patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), some members of the carboxylesterase family (CES/Ces), arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) and hepatic lipase (HL). This review highlights the consequences of pharmacological interventions of liver lipases that degrade TG in cytosolic lipid droplets, in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the late endosomes/lysosomes and along the secretory route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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30
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Abstract
Originally, organophosphorus (OP) toxicology consisted of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by insecticides and chemical threat agents acting as phosphorylating agents for serine in the catalytic triad, but this is no longer the case. Other serine hydrolases can be secondary OP targets, depending on the OP structure, and include neuropathy target esterase, lipases, and endocannabinoid hydrolases. The major OP herbicides are glyphosate and glufosinate, which act in plants but not animals to block aromatic amino acid and glutamine biosynthesis, respectively, with safety for crops conferred by their expression of herbicide-tolerant targets and detoxifying enzymes from bacteria. OP fungicides, pharmaceuticals including calcium retention agents, industrial chemicals, and cytochrome P450 inhibitors act by multiple noncholinergic mechanisms, often with high potency and specificity. One type of OP-containing fire retardant forms a highly toxic bicyclophosphate γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist upon combustion. Some OPs are teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic by known mechanisms that can be avoided as researchers expand knowledge of OP chemistry and toxicology for future developments in bioregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Casida
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112;
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31
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Masson P, Nachon F. Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre- and post-exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:26-40. [PMID: 28542985 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus agents (OPs) irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causing a major cholinergic syndrome. The medical counter-measures of OP poisoning have not evolved for the last 30 years with carbamates for pretreatment, pyridinium oximes-based AChE reactivators, antimuscarinic drugs and neuroprotective benzodiazepines for post-exposure treatment. These drugs ensure protection of peripheral nervous system and mitigate acute effects of OP lethal doses. However, they have significant limitations. Pyridostigmine and oximes do not protect/reactivate central AChE. Oximes poorly reactivate AChE inhibited by phosphoramidates. In addition, current neuroprotectants do not protect the central nervous system shortly after the onset of seizures when brain damage becomes irreversible. New therapeutic approaches for pre- and post-exposure treatments involve detoxification of OP molecules before they reach their molecular targets by administrating catalytic bioscavengers, among them phosphotriesterases are the most promising. Novel generation of broad spectrum reactivators are designed for crossing the blood-brain barrier and reactivate central AChE. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Masson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cédex, France
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32
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Fruttero LL, Leyria J, Canavoso LE. Lipids in Insect Oocytes: From the Storage Pathways to Their Multiple Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 63:403-434. [PMID: 28779328 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In insect physiology, the mechanisms involved in the buildup and regulation of yolk proteins in developing oocytes have been thoroughly researched during the last three decades. Comparatively, the study of lipid metabolism in oocytes had received less attention. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that lipids make up to 40% of the dry weight of an insect egg, being the most important supply of energy for the developing embryo. Since the oocyte has a very limited capacity to synthesize lipids de novo, most of the lipids in the mature eggs arise from the circulation. The main lipid carriers in the insect circulatory system are the lipoproteins lipophorin and vitellogenin. In some species, the endocytosis of lipophorin and vitellogenin may account for about 10% of the lipids present in mature eggs. Thus, most of the lipids are transferred by a lipophorin-mediated pathway, in which the lipoprotein unloads its lipid cargo at the surface of oocytes without internalization. This chapter recapitulates the current status on lipid storage and its utilization in insect oocytes and discusses the participation of key factors including lipoproteins, transfer proteins, lipolytic enzymes, and dynamic organelles such as lipid droplets. The new findings in the field of lipophorin receptors are presented in the context of lipid accumulation during egg maturation, and the roles of lipids beyond energy source are summarized from the perspective of oogenesis and embryogenesis. Finally, prospective and fruitful areas of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Fruttero
- Instituto do Cerebro (InsCer). Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Lilián E Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
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