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Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109481. [PMID: 34051209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Decontamination of unprotected skin areas is crucial to prevent excessive penetration of chemical contaminants after criminal or accidental release. A review of literature studies was performed to identify the available decontamination methods adopted to treat skin contamination after chemical, radiological and metal exposures. In this bibliographic review, an overview of the old and recent works on decontamination procedures followed in case of potential hazards substances contaminations with a comparison between these systems are provided. Almost all data from our 95 selected studies conducted in vitro and in vivo revealed that a rapid skin decontamination process is the most efficient way to reduce the risk of intoxication. The commonly-used or recommended conventional procedures are simple rinsing with water only or soapy water. However, this approach has some limitations because an easy removal by flushing may not be sufficient to decontaminate all chemical deposited on the skin, and skin absorption can be enhanced by the wash-in effect. Other liquid solutions or systems as adsorbent powders, mobilizing agents, chelation therapy are also applied as decontaminants, but till nowadays does not exist a decontamination method which can be adopted in all situations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient and successful decontaminating formulations.
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Development of an Experimental Ex Vivo Wound Model to Evaluate Antimicrobial Efficacy of Topical Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095045. [PMID: 34068733 PMCID: PMC8126222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound infections are considered a major cause for wound-associated morbidity. There is a high demand for alternative, robust, and affordable methods that can provide relatable and reproducible results when testing topical treatments, both in research and in the pharmaceutical industry. Here we present an ex vivo wound infection model using porcine skin and a burn wounding method, allowing for the efficacy evaluation of topical antimicrobial formulations. Utilizing this model, we demonstrate the potential of topical treatments after infecting the wounds with clinically significant bacteria, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. We show that the method is compatible with several analytical tools used to analyze infection and antimicrobial effects. Both bacterial strains successfully infected the wound surface, as well as deeper regions of the tissue. Quantification of viable bacteria on the wound surface and in the tissue, longitudinal measurements of bioluminescence, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm the effects of antibacterial treatments. Furthermore, we show that biofilms are formed on the wound surface, indicating that the demonstrated method mirrors typical in vivo infections.
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Belovezhdova I, Todorov B, Bogdanov MG. Recovery of radionuclides with ionic liquids. I. Selective extraction of 241Am. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tarnowska M, Briançon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Bolzinger MA. Inorganic ions in the skin: Allies or enemies? Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119991. [PMID: 33091552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin constitutes a barrier protecting the organism against physical and chemical factors. Therefore, it is constantly exposed to the xenobiotics, including inorganic ions that are ubiquitous in the environment. Some of them play important roles in homeostasis and regulatory functions of the body, also in the skin, while others can be considered dangerous. Many authors have shown that inorganic ions could penetrate inside the skin and possibly induce local effects. In this review, we give an account of the current knowledge on the effects of skin exposure to inorganic ions. Beneficial effects on skin conditions related to the use of thermal spring waters are discussed together with the application of aluminium in underarm hygiene products and silver salts in treatment of difficult wounds. Finally, the potential consequences of dermal exposure to topical sensitizers and harmful heavy ions including radionuclides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Tarnowska
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacqueline Resende de Azevedo
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Gopalan K, Jose J. Development of amphotericin b Based organogels against mucocutaneous fungal infections. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000117509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Tazrart A, Bolzinger MA, Lamart S, Coudert S, Angulo JF, Jandard V, Briançon S, Griffiths NM. Actinide-contaminated Skin: Comparing Decontamination Efficacy of Water, Cleansing Gels, and DTPA Gels. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:12-20. [PMID: 29787426 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin contamination by alpha-emitting actinides is a risk to workers during nuclear fuel production and reactor decommissioning. Also, the list of items for potential use in radiological dispersal devices includes plutonium and americium. The actinide chemical form is important and solvents such as tributyl phosphate, used to extract plutonium, can influence plutonium behavior. This study investigated skin fixation and efficacy of decontamination products for these actinide forms using viable pig skin in the Franz cell diffusion system. Commonly used or recommended decontamination products such as water, cleansing gel, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, or octadentate hydroxypyridinone compound 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), as well as diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel formulations, were tested after a 2-h contact time with the contaminant. Analysis of skin samples demonstrated that more plutonium nitrate is bound to skin as compared to plutonium-tributyl phosphate, and fixation of americium to skin was also significant. The data show that for plutonium-tributyl phosphate all the products are effective ranging from 80 to 90% removal of this contaminant. This may be associated with damage to the skin by this complex and suggests a mechanical/wash-out action rather than chelation. For removal of americium and plutonium, both Trait Rouge cleansing gel and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid are better than water, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel is better than Osmogel. The different treatments, however, did not significantly affect the activity in deeper skin layers, which suggests a need for further improvement of decontamination procedures. The new diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel preparation was effective in removing americium, plutonium, and plutonium-tributyl phosphate from skin; such a formulation offers advantages and thus merits further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tazrart
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M A Bolzinger
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, 45404 Fleury les Aubrais Cedex, France
| | - S Lamart
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Coudert
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J F Angulo
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - V Jandard
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, 45404 Fleury les Aubrais Cedex, France
| | - S Briançon
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - N M Griffiths
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
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Lamart S, Miller BW, Van der Meeren A, Tazrart A, Angulo JF, Griffiths NM. Actinide bioimaging in tissues: Comparison of emulsion and solid track autoradiography techniques with the iQID camera. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186370. [PMID: 29023595 PMCID: PMC5638496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a comparison of three autoradiography techniques for imaging biological samples contaminated with actinides: emulsion-based, plastic-based autoradiography and a quantitative digital technique, the iQID camera, based on the numerical analysis of light from a scintillator screen. In radiation toxicology it has been important to develop means of imaging actinide distribution in tissues as these radionuclides may be heterogeneously distributed within and between tissues after internal contamination. Actinide distribution determines which cells are exposed to alpha radiation and is thus potentially critical for assessing absorbed dose. The comparison was carried out by generating autoradiographs of the same biological samples contaminated with actinides with the three autoradiography techniques. These samples were cell preparations or tissue sections collected from animals contaminated with different physico-chemical forms of actinides. The autoradiograph characteristics and the performances of the techniques were evaluated and discussed mainly in terms of acquisition process, activity distribution patterns, spatial resolution and feasibility of activity quantification. The obtained autoradiographs presented similar actinide distribution at low magnification. Out of the three techniques, emulsion autoradiography is the only one to provide a highly-resolved image of the actinide distribution inherently superimposed on the biological sample. Emulsion autoradiography is hence best interpreted at higher magnifications. However, this technique is destructive for the biological sample. Both emulsion- and plastic-based autoradiography record alpha tracks and thus enabled the differentiation between ionized forms of actinides and oxide particles. This feature can help in the evaluation of decorporation therapy efficacy. The most recent technique, the iQID camera, presents several additional features: real-time imaging, separate imaging of alpha particles and gamma rays, and alpha activity quantification. The comparison of these three autoradiography techniques showed that they are complementary and the choice of the technique depends on the purpose of the imaging experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lamart
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian W. Miller
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anne Van der Meeren
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Anissa Tazrart
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Jaime F. Angulo
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Nina M. Griffiths
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
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Tazrart A, Bolzinger MA, Coudert S, Lamart S, Miller BW, Angulo JF, Briançon S, Griffiths NM. Skin absorption of actinides: influence of solvents or chelates on skin penetration ex vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:607-616. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1293865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Tazrart
- iRCM/DRF/CEA, Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
- UMR CNRS 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d’Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- UMR CNRS 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d’Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Coudert
- iRCM/DRF/CEA, Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Stephanie Lamart
- iRCM/DRF/CEA, Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Brian W. Miller
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jaime F. Angulo
- iRCM/DRF/CEA, Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- UMR CNRS 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d’Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nina M. Griffiths
- iRCM/DRF/CEA, Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
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