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Nguyen TH, Nguyen TM, Ngoc DTM, You T, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Janus-Faced Role of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16255. [PMID: 38003445 PMCID: PMC10671265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is an essential cellular process in maintaining cell homeostasis. Still, its dysregulation is associated with the development of liver diseases, including HCC, which is one of leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. We focus on elucidating the dual role of autophagy in HCC, both in tumor initiation and progression, and highlighting the complex nature involved in the disease. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of a small subset of autophagy- and mitophagy-related molecules, revealing their specific functions during tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC cells. By understanding these mechanisms, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy effectively. The goal is to improve the therapeutic response of liver cancer cells and overcome drug resistance, providing new avenues for improved treatment options for HCC patients. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the complex role of autophagy in HCC and its potential as a target for innovative therapies aimed to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ha Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taesik You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cance Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Wang B, Gu B, Zhang T, Li X, Wang N, Ma C, Xiang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Song K, He P, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen H. Good or bad: Paradox of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in digestive system tumors. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216117. [PMID: 36889376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is involved in many physiological functions, among which the important members can interact with each other, either synergistically or antagonistically to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) acts as a crucial element of the fibrinolytic system and functions in an anti-fibrinolytic manner in the normal coagulation process. It inhibits plasminogen activator, and affects the relationship between cells and extracellular matrix. PAI-1 not only involved in blood diseases, inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome but also in tumor pathology. Especially PAI-1 plays a different role in different digestive tumors as an oncogene or cancer suppressor, even a dual role for the same cancer. We term this phenomenon "PAI-1 paradox". PAI-1 is acknowledged to have both uPA-dependent and -independent effects, and its different actions can result in both beneficial and adverse consequences. Therefore, this review will elaborate on PAI-1 structure, the dual value of PAI-1 in different digestive system tumors, gene polymorphisms, the uPA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of regulatory networks, and the drugs targeted by PAI-1 to deepen the comprehensive understanding of PAI-1 in digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kewei Song
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Puyi He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yueyan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Machilin D Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy, and Inhibits Necroptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054576. [PMID: 36902006 PMCID: PMC10002565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% of all head and neck cancers, the prognosis is very poor, and there are no effective targeted therapies. Herein, we isolated Machilin D (Mach), a lignin, from the roots of Saururus chinensis (S. chinensis) and assessed its inhibitory effects on OSCC. Herein, Mach had significant cytotoxicity against human OSCC cells and showed inhibitory effects against cell adhesion, migration, and invasion by inhibiting adhesion molecules, including the FAK/Src pathway. Mach suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and MAPKs, leading to apoptotic cell death. We investigated other modes of programmed cell death in these cells and found that Mach increased LC3I/II and Beclin1 and decreased p62, leading to autophagosomes, and suppressed the necroptosis-regulatory proteins RIP1 and MLKL. Our findings provide evidence that the inhibitory effects of Mach against human YD-10B OSCC cells are related to the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis and are mediated via focal adhesion molecules.
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Wu K, Liu X, Meng X, Cao L, Li H, Bi Y, Wang M, Wang M, Jiang Y. Sauchinone alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1/NF-kB pathway and gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1084257. [PMID: 36699607 PMCID: PMC9868758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1084257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effects of sauchinone on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and investigated the underlying mechanisms of the downstream pathway and gut microbiota. Methods The UC mice model was induced by DSS. The disease phenotypes were determined through pathological symptoms (body weight and disease activity index score), inflammation markers (histological and inflammatory factor detections), and colonic mucosal barrier damage (detection of tight junction proteins). The level of the NF-κB pathway was detected through marker proteins. Database and bioinformatics analyses were used to predict sauchinone-mediated downstream molecules that were previously identified by expression analysis. Mouse feces were collected to detect the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results In DSS-induced UC mice, sauchinone alleviated pathological symptoms, inhibited inflammation, and prevented mucosal barrier damage. Sauchinone further inhibited the NF-κB pathway by upregulating NAD (P) H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) in DSS-induced UC mice. Moreover, sauchinone regulated the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice, stimulating the growth of Firmicutes and inhibiting the growth of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Conclusion Therefore, sauchinone exerted therapeutic effects on UC in mice by regulating the NQO1/NF-κB pathway and altering the gut microbiota. This provides a theoretical basis for developing sauchinone as a therapeutic agent and extends our understanding of its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingling Cao
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxin Bi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yang Jiang, ✉
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Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4708527. [PMID: 35310030 PMCID: PMC8926515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4708527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.
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Sauchinone inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by suppressing Akt-CREB-MMP13 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229926. [PMID: 34643237 PMCID: PMC8561391 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sauchinone, a lignan isolated from Saururus chinenesis, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Recently, sauchinone has been reported to inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, but its effects on breast cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sauchinone on the growth of breast cancer cells along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results show that sauchinone treatment markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Sauchinone reduced the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and CREB increased by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In particular, sauchinone treatment suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 (MMP13) by regulating the Akt-CREB signaling pathway. Sauchinone was less effective in inhibiting cell migration in Mmp13-knockdown cells than in control cells, suggesting that MMP13 may be a novel target for sauchinone. Our study suggests that sauchinone inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells by attenuating the Akt-CREB-MMP13 pathway. In addition, the targeted inhibition of MMP13 by sauchinone represents a promising approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Chen J, Zhou L, Yang J, Xie H, Liu L, Li Y. Knockdown of STK39 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6529-6537. [PMID: 34519635 PMCID: PMC8806584 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1973876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious malignant tumor of the liver. It has been reported that serine/threonine kinase 39 (STK39) participates in tumorigenesis. However, the role of STK39 in HCC remains unknown. In this study, the qRT-PCR and western blot assay demonstrated that STK39 expression was enhanced in HCC patients and tissues. Moreover, CCK-8 and colony formation assays confirmed that knockdown of STK39 suppressed SK-HEP-1 and Huh7 cells proliferation. Furthermore, wound healing assay and transwell assay revealed that knockdown of STK39 repressed SK-HEP-1 and Huh7 cells migration and invasion. Interestingly, knockdown of STK39 reduced p-p38/p38 ratio and levels of c-Myc. Consistently, knockdown of STK39 inhibited the HCC tumor growth in vivo. In summary, knockdown of STK39 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by inducing the lower levels of p-p38, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Luke Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of DeYang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
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Sauchinone inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:918-924. [PMID: 32889895 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment is commonly found in various solid tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Saururus chinensis is a medicinal Chinese herb widely used because of documented anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. Sauchinone is special active lignin extracted from S. chinensis and its biological functions have been extensively explored. Recent studies have found that sauchinone could affect tumor initiation, metastasis and progression of some cancers. However, the specific role of sauchinone in PDAC remains to be elucidated. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of sauchinone in the progression of PDAC under the hypoxic condition. The human PDAC cell lines PANC-1 and BxPC-3 were exposed to hypoxia and various concentrations of sauchinone. The CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cytotoxic effects of sauchinone on PDAC cells. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Wnt3a and β-catenin were examined by the western blot analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration and invasion. The results showed that the migratory and invasive abilities of PDAC cells were enhanced after exposure to hypoxia and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers was also significantly regulated by hypoxia. All these effects induced under the hypoxic condition were terminated by sauchinone treatment. In addition, sauchinone suppressed hypoxia-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study provided important insight into understanding the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effect of sauchinone. Taken together, we suggested that sauchinone may be considered a new therapeutic agent for PDAC treatment.
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Zhou D, He L. Sauchinone inhibits hypoxia-induced invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cells via inactivation of the sonic hedgehog pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:173-179. [PMID: 33563062 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1881556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a typical feature of solid tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression. Sauchinone, a biologically diastereomeric lignan, is isolated from the root of Saururus chinensis and has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, sauchinone has been reported to play an anti-cancer role in cancer development under normoxia or hypoxia. However, the specific effects of sauchinone on osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sauchinone in OS progression under hypoxic conditions. The human OS cell lines U2OS and MG-63 were exposed to hypoxia followed by treatment with sauchinone. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assays. The expression levels of VEGF, HIF-1α, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were examined by the western blot analysis. Our study showed that OS cell migration and invasion were significantly enhanced by hypoxia. Besides, hypoxic conditions resulted in a remarkable change in the expression of EMT markers. All these effects induced by hypoxia were abrogated by sauchinone treatment. Moreover, sauchinone inhibited hypoxia-induced activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Additionally, the Shh agonist reversed the inhibitory effect of sauchinone on hypoxia-induced invasion and EMT of OS cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that sauchinone inhibits hypoxia-induced invasion and EMT in OS cells via inactivation of the Shh pathway. We provided a novel insight for understanding the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effect of sauchinone and suggested sauchinone as a promising agent for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling He
- The First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, China
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The Role of Autophagy in Liver Cancer: Crosstalk in Signaling Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120432. [PMID: 33260729 PMCID: PMC7760785 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway for degrading cytoplasmic proteins, macromolecules, and organelles. Autophagy-related genes (Atgs) are the core molecular machinery in the control of autophagy, and several major functional groups of Atgs coordinate the entire autophagic process. Autophagy plays a dual role in liver cancer development via several critical signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, AMPK-mTOR, EGF, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, and NF-κB pathways. Here, we review the signaling pathways involved in the cross-talk between autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the status of the development of novel HCC therapy by targeting the core molecular machinery of autophagy as well as the key signaling pathways. The induction or the inhibition of autophagy by the modulation of signaling pathways can confer therapeutic benefits to patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-link of autophagy and HCC may extend to translational studies that may ultimately lead to novel therapy and regimen formation in HCC treatment.
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Li SQ, Feng J, Yang M, Ai XP, He M, Liu F. Sauchinone: a prospective therapeutic agent-mediated EIF4EBP1 down-regulation suppresses proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Nat Med 2020; 74:777-787. [PMID: 32666278 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the top prevalent histological kind of lung cancer worldwide. Recent evidences have demonstrated that Sauchinone plays an anticancer role in tumor cell invasion and migration. Therefore, we performed this investigation to explain the potential role of Sauchinone in LUAD as well as the potential mechanism involved. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and transwell experiments were implemented to measure the proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities of LUAD cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the transfection efficiency of si-EIF4EBP1s. Additionally, Western blot was also implemented to evaluate the effect of Sauchinone on EIF4EBP1 expression level as well as cell cycle-related proteins. Our findings showed that Sauchinone remarkably suppressed the proliferative ability of LUAD cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. EIF4EBP1 was a candidate target gene of Sauchinone. EIF4EBP1 expression was increased in LUAD tissues, and its high expression induced a poorer prognosis of LUAD patients. EIF4EBP1 expression was positively associated with cell cycle in LUAD. Sauchinone treatment attenuated EIF4EBP1 expression and cell cycle-related protein levels. Knockdown of EIF4EBP1 repressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of LUAD cells; furthermore, Sauchinone stimulation enforced its inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, the treatment of Sauchinone intensified the arrest of cell cycle induced by EIF4EBP1 knockdown. To sum up, our discovery indicated that Sauchinone exerts an anticancer role through down-regulating EIF4EBP1 and mediating cell cycle in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.63 Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Second People's Hospital, No.55, Baituba Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.63 Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.63 Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.63 Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.63 Wenhua Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Li X, Huang L. Anticancer activities of phytoconstituents and their liposomal targeting strategies against tumor cells and the microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:245-273. [PMID: 32473991 PMCID: PMC7704676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various bioactive ingredients have been extracted from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) that affect tumor progression and metastasis. To further understand the mechanisms of CHMs in cancer therapy, this article summarizes the effects of five categories of CHMs and their active ingredients on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Despite their treatment potential, the undesirable physicochemical properties (poor permeability, instability, high hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, toxicity) and unwanted pharmacokinetic profiles (short half-life in blood and low bioavailability) restrict clinical studies of CHMs. Therefore, development of liposomes through relevant surface modifying techniques to achieve targeted CHM delivery for cancer cells, i.e., extracellular and intracellular targets and targets in tumor microenvironment or vasculature, have been reviewed. Current challenges of liposomal targeting of these phytoconstituents and future perspective of CHM applications are discussed to provide an informative reference for interested readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Hemistepsin A Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces G0/G1-Phase Arrest, Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis Via the AMPK and p53/p21 Signals in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050713. [PMID: 32375410 PMCID: PMC7277854 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemistepsin A (HsA), a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Hemistepta lyrata, has been known as a wide range of anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether HsA suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to figure out the cellular signaling pathways involved in the anti-HCC activities by experiments using the Huh7 cells (a human HCC cell line) and a xenograft HCC model. In this study, HsA completely inhibited HCC cell proliferation, presumably because it induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-related apoptosis. HsA up-regulated p53, p21, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), but reduced cyclin D, CDK6 and Bcl-2 expressions, and it disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Moreover, phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased by HsA as did the resveratrol and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, positive controls). Inhibition of AMPK by using compound C, a competent inhibitor of AMPK, attenuated the loss of ΔΨm, p53 up-regulation and cellular senescence. The efficacy of HsA to reduce HCC cell proliferation, compared to that of other known anti-HCC agents, appears to be similar or slightly better. The anti-tumor effect of HsA was also determined in mice, showing reduced growth of xenografted tumors with no weight loss. Overall, the results suggest that HsA should be considered as a candidate anti-HCC drug.
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Kim OH, Lee JH, Mah S, Park SY, Hong S, Hong SS. HS‑146, a novel phosphoinositide 3‑kinase α inhibitor, induces the apoptosis and inhibits the metastatic ability of human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1509-1520. [PMID: 32236634 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays an important role in human cancer as it regulates critical cellular functions, such as survival, proliferation and metabolism. In the present study, a novel PI3Kα inhibitor (HS‑146) was synthesized and its anticancer effects on MCF‑7, MDA‑MB‑231, SKBR3 and BT‑474 human breast cancer cell lines were confirmed. HS‑146 was found to be most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‑7 cells and in inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by downregulating cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‑dependent kinase (Cdk)2 and Cdk4, and upregulating p21Waf1/Cip1 protein levels in this cell line. The induction of apoptosis by HS‑146 was confirmed by DAPI staining and western blot analysis. Cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation, which are typical morphological markers of apoptosis, were increased by HS‑146 in the MCF‑7 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner, and HS‑146 also increased the protein expression levels of cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) and decreased the protein expression levels of Mcl‑1 and caspase‑7. In addition, HS‑146 effectively decreased the phosphorylation levels of downstream PI3K effectors, such as Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p70S6K1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‑binding protein 1 (4E‑BP1). Hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were also suppressed by HS‑146 under hypoxic conditions, and HS‑146 inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF‑7 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that HS‑146, a novel PI3Kα inhibitor, may be an effective novel therapeutic candidate that suppresses breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hyeon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinmee Mah
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed F, Ijaz B, Ahmad Z, Farooq N, Sarwar MB, Husnain T. Modification of miRNA Expression through plant extracts and compounds against breast cancer: Mechanism and translational significance. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153168. [PMID: 31982837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is hyper-proliferative, multi-factorial and multi-step, heterogeneous group of molecular disorders. It is the second most reported disease after heart diseases. Breast carcinoma is the foremost death causing disease in female population worldwide. Cancer can be controlled by regulating the gene expression. Current therapeutic options are associated with severe side effects and are expensive for the people living in under-developed countries. Plant derived substances have potential application against different diseases like cancer, inflammation and viral infections. HYPOTHESIS The mechanism of action of the medicinal plants is largely unknown. Targeting gene network and miRNA using medicinal plants could help in improving the therapeutic options against cancer. METHODS The literature from 135 articles was reviewed by using PubMed, google scholar, Science direct to find out the plants and plant-based compounds against breast cancer and also the studies reporting their mechanistic route of action both at coding and noncoding RNA levels. RESULTS Natural products act as selective inhibitors of the cancerous cells by targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or altering miRNA expression. Natural compounds like EGCG from tea, Genistein from fava beans, curcumin from turmeric, DIM found in cruciferous, Resveratrol a polyphenol and Quercetin a flavonoid is found in various plants have been studied for their anticancer activity. The EGCG was found to inhibit proliferative activity by modulating miR-16 and miR-21. Similarly, DIM was found to down regulate miR-92a which results to modulate NFkB and stops cancer development. Another plant-based compound Glyceollins found to upregulate miR-181c and miR-181d having role in tumor suppression. It also found to regulate miR-22, 29b and c, miR-30d, 34a and 195. Quercetin having anti-cancer activity induce the apoptosis through regulating miR-16, 26b, 34a, let-7g, 125a and miR-605 and reduce the miRNA expression like miR-146a/b, 503 and 194 which are involved in metastasis. CONCLUSION Targeting miRNA expression using natural plant extracts can have a reverse effect on cell proliferation; turning on and off tumor-inducing and suppressing genes. It can be efficiently adopted as an adjuvant with the conventional form of therapies to increase their efficacy against cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayyaz Ahmed
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Farooq
- Department of Surgery, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
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He H, Qiao K, Wang C, Yang W, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Jia Y, Zhang C, Peng L. Hydrazinocurcumin Induces Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through the p38 MAPK Pathway. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:2075-2084. [PMID: 32100959 PMCID: PMC8504816 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrazinocurcumin (HZC), a synthetic derivative of curcumin (CUR), has been documented to show anticancer potential in impeding tumor growth in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanisms of HZC on HCC cells, which may involve the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. HZC was first purified and identified. HepG2 cells were then subjected to treatment with HZC or CUR of different concentrations and p38 MAPK signaling inhibitor (SB203580) to verify their effects on HCC cell apoptosis and proliferation. Furthermore, the functional relevance between HZC and the p38 MAPK pathway in HCC was examined. It was observed that 40 μM HZC exhibited the best pro-apoptosis effect in HCC cells. HZC was found to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, the effect of which was stronger than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). More importantly, the anti-oncogenic effect of HZC and 5-FU was implicated with activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. In vivo experimental results showed that HZC inhibited tumor growth more effectively than 5-FU through the p38 MAPK pathway. These results provide evidence that HZC exerted anti-oncogenic and pro-apoptosis effects in HCC cells through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kuangyuan Qiao
- Basic Medical College of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wuhan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhen X, Choi HS, Kim JH, Kim SL, Liu R, Yun BS, Lee DS. Machilin D, a Lignin Derived from Saururus chinensis, Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibits NF-κB Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020245. [PMID: 32033472 PMCID: PMC7072518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are responsible for breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and relapse. Targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) using phytochemicals is a good strategy for the treatment of cancer. A silica gel, a reversed-phase C18 column (ODS), a Sephadex LH-20 gel, thin layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for compound isolation from Saururus chinensis extracts. The isolated compound was identified as machilin D by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Machilin D inhibited the growth and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Machilin D reduced the proportions of CD44+/CD24- and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-positive cells. Furthermore, this compound reduced the nuclear localization of the NF-κB protein and decreased the IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in mammospheres. These results suggest that machilin D blocks IL-6 and IL-8 signaling and induces CSC death and thus may be a potential agent targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-L.K.); (R.L.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Liu G, Zhao Z, Shen M, Zhao X, Xie J, He X, Li C. A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Saururus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:47-76. [PMID: 31964158 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Saururus, belonging to Saururaceae, contains two species, S. cernuus L. and S. chinensis (Lour) Baill. with common utilization in traditional medicine from Asia to North America for the treatment of edema, beriberi, jaundice, leucorrhea, urinary tract infections, hypertension, hepatitis diseases, and tumors. An extensive review of literature was made on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology of Saururus using ethno-botanical books, published articles, and electronic databases. The 147 of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from S. cernuus and S. chinensis, and lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, and phenols are the major constituents. Various pharmacological investigations in many in vitro and in vivo models have revealed the potential of the genus Saururus with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antimelanogenic, lipid-lowering, and bone protective activities, supporting the rationale behind numerous of its traditional uses. Due to the noteworthy pharmacological properties, Saururus can be a better option for new drug discovery. Data regarding many aspects of this plant such as toxicology, pharmacokinetics, quality-control measures, and the clinical value of the active compounds is still limited which call for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Meilun Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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Li J, Yan K, Yang Y, Li H, Wang Z, Xu X. [Musashi-1 positively regulates growth and proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 39:1436-1442. [PMID: 31907147 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory role of Musashi-1 (MSI1) in the proliferation and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS We examined the expression of MSI1 in HCC and paired adjacent tissues from 24 patients using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. A MSI1-expressing vector was constructed and stably transfected into HepG2 cells, and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that targeted MSI1 mRNA were ligated into the vector and stably transfected in Huh7 cells. The effects of MSI1 overexpression and silencing on the proliferation, viability and cell cycle of HepG2 cells were investigated using flow cytometry or MTT assay. The expressions of PCNA, cyclin D1, APC and β-catenin in the HCC cells were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS MSI1 expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues as compared with that in the adjacent tissues. Overexpression of MSI1 in HepG2 cells resulted in significantly enhanced cell growth (P < 0.01) and significantly reduced G0/G1 phase cells from (58.42±3.18)% to (40.67±1.22)% and increased S phase cells from (28.51± 1.93)% to (40.06±1.92)% (P < 0.01), causing also increases in the expressions of PCNA and Cyclin D1. Knockdown of MSI1 in Huh7 cells obviously inhibited the cell growth and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase (P < 0.01) with reduced protein expressions of PCNA and cyclin D1. Overexpression of MSI1 in HepG2 cells also down-regulated the expression of APC and up-regulated the expression of β-catenin protein, while MSI1 knockdown caused reverse changes in Huh7 cells. CONCLUSIONS MSI1 promotes the progression of HCC through positive modulation of cell growth and cell cycle via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
| | - Kun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
| | - Hua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004
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20
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Xiao J, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Gao C, Guo Z. Sauchinone ameliorates intestinal inflammation and promotes Th17 cell production of IL-10 via Blimp-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:435-441. [PMID: 31771884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, unpredictable relapsing and inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Daily diet patterns have long been one of the most important hotspots for IBD therapeutic strategies. Sauchinone (SAU), a key bioactive lignin isolated from the roots of the herb Saururus chinensis, has been known to play an anti-inflammatory role in several diseases. However, its effect on IBD has not yet been investigated. In the current study, we established 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and treated them with SAU. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the phenotype of T cells in the lamina propria. qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to measure cytokine transcript and protein levels, respectively. We found that SAU ameliorated TNBS-induced mouse colitis and inflammatory responses in mucosal tissues and peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from IBD patients. SAU significantly suppressed Th17 differentiation but facilitated IL-10 production, and SAU-treated Th17 cells exhibited inhibitory functions in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SAU induced Blimp-1 expression (encoded by Prdm1) in Th17 cells, and SAU failed to increase IL-10 production in Prdm1-knockout Th17 cells. Our data reveal an uncharacterized mechanism through which SAU regulates intestinal inflammation and Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiping Gao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Aka EC, Wimmer E, Barré E, Vasudevan N, Cortés-Borda D, Ekou T, Ekou L, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Reconfigurable Flow Platform for Automated Reagent Screening and Autonomous Optimization for Bioinspired Lignans Synthesis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14101-14112. [PMID: 31568728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring benzoxanthenones, which belong to the vast family of lignans, are promising biologically relevant targets. They are biosynthetically produced by the oxidative dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. In this manuscript, we disclose a powerful automated flow-based strategy for identifying and optimizing a cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system for the bioinspired dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. We designed a reconfigurable flow reactor associating online monitoring and process control instrumentation. Our machine was first configured as an automated screening platform to evaluate a matrix of 4 catalysts (plus the blank) and 5 oxidants (plus the blank) at two different temperatures, resulting in an array of 50 reactions. The automated screening was conducted on micromole scale at a rate of one fully characterized reaction every 26 min. After having identified the most promising cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system, the automated screening platform was straightforwardly reconfigured to an autonomous self-optimizing flow reactor by implementation of an optimization algorithm in the closed-loop system. The optimization campaign allowed the determination of very effective experimental conditions in a limited number of experiments, which allowed us to prepare the natural products carpanone and polemannone B as well as synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehu Camille Aka
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Natarajan Vasudevan
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Tchirioua Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Lynda Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
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The Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Potential Target of Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050647. [PMID: 31083406 PMCID: PMC6562911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide with a very high recurrence rate and very dismal prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment in HCC remain difficult, and the identification of new therapeutic targets is necessary for a better outcome of HCC treatment. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is an essential intracellular energy sensor that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and the pathological development of chronic diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the important regulation of AMPK in HCC. This review aims to comprehensively and critically summarize the role of AMPK in HCC. Methods: Original studies were retrieved from NCBI database with keywords including AMPK and HCC, which were analyzed with extensive reading. Results: Dysregulation of the kinase activity and expression of AMPK was observed in HCC, which was correlated with survival of the patients. Loss of AMPK in HCC cells may proceed cell cycle progression, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through different oncogenic molecules and pathways. Conclusions: We identified several AMPK activators which may possess potential anti-HCC function, and discussed the clinical perspective on the use of AMPK activators for HCC therapy.
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Tan Y, Du B, Zhan Y, Wang K, Wang X, Chen B, Wei X, Xiao J. Antitumor effects of circ-EPHB4 in hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of HIF-1α. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:875-886. [PMID: 30644610 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protein EPHB4 plays a vital role in various tumor types. However, few studies into the function of circ-EPHB4 (hsa_circ_0001730) in tumors have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the functions of circ-EPHB4 and the underlying mechanism of circ-EPHB4 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of circ-EPHB4 was found to be downregulated in HCC tumor tissues, whereas circ-EPHB4 overexpression suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. circ-EPHB4 levels were negatively correlated with tumor weight, size, and metastasis foci in nude mouse models, suggesting circ-EPHB4 inhibits tumorigenesis, tumor development, and metastasis. In addition, HIF-1α and PI3K-AKT pathways were markedly affected by circ-EPHB4 overexpression. HIF-1α could potentially be the target of circ-EPHB4. By overexpressing both HIF-1α and circ-EPHB4, the antitumor effect of circ-EPHB4 should be most probably correlated with HIF-1α. In conclusion, circ-EPHB4 is a tumor inhibitor in HCC and functions by inhibiting HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biaoyan Du
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianli Wei
- Department of Medical Instruments, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Tong C. Retracted Article: Sauchinone inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17065-17071. [PMID: 35519842 PMCID: PMC9064550 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and results in acquired blindness among working-age adults. It has been demonstrated that high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are major factors for the pathogenesis of DR. Sauchinone, one of the active lignan isolated from Saururus chinensis, was reported to possess anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sauchinone on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Our results proved that sauchinone improved the cell viability of HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, sauchinone treatment caused a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Besides, flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate in sauchinone-treated ARPE-19 cells obviously decreased as compared in the HG-treated cells. Western blot indicated that sauchinone treatment caused a significant decrease in bax expression and increase in bcl-2 expression in HG-treated ARPE-19 cells. Sauchinone treatment enhanced the HG-caused induction of p-Akt, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions in ARPE-19 cells. However, the inhibitor of Akt, LY294002, reversed the effects of sauchinone on cell viability, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in HG-treated ARPE-19 cells. These findings suggested that sauchinone treatment prevented HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via regulating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in HG-induced RPE cells. These findings suggested that sauchinone might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of DR. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and results in acquired blindness among working-age adults.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Yongzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Chenjun Tong
- Department of Pharmacy
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
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He Z, Dong W, Li Q, Qin C, Li Y. Sauchinone prevents TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis in gastric cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:355-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Gong QZ, Xiao D, Feng F, Wen XD, Qu W. ent-Sauchinone as Potential Anticancer Agent Inhibiting Migration and Invasion of Human Liver Cancer CellsviaSuppressing the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800024. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhe Gong
- State Key Laboratory Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University); Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University); Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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27
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Feng IC, Hsieh MJ, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Ho HY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:261-268. [PMID: 29159945 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin analogs exhibit anticancer activities, including apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cantharidic acid (CA), a cantharidin analog, on apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of CA by investigating its ability to trigger apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells. Our data demonstrated that CA effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CA effectively triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting revealed that CA significantly activated proapoptotic signaling including caspase-3, -8, and -9 in SK-Hep-1 cells. Moreover, treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with CA induced the activation of ERK, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 by specific inhibitors abolished CA-induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicated that CA induces apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells through a p38-mediated apoptotic pathway and could be a new HCC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Che Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Gao Y, Zhao H, Li Y. Sauchinone prevents IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in human chondrocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22033. [PMID: 29356224 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Gao
- First Department of Orthopedics; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Comprehensive surgical; Shenyang Orthopedic Hospital; Shenyang 110044 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedics; The First People's Hospital of Shenyang; Shenyang 110041 People's Republic of China
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29
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Hsieh YY, Raja A, Hong BC, Kotame P, Chang WC, Lee GH. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael–Acetalization–Henry Reaction Cascade of 2-Hydroxynitrostyrene and 5-Oxohexanal for the Entry to the Hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromenones with Four Consecutive Stereogenic Centers and an Approach to Aflatoxin Analogues. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12840-12848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-You Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Arun Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Prakash Kotame
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Chen Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation
Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Li X, Liu R, Zhang L, Jiang Z. The emerging role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cholestatic liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:105-113. [PMID: 28889972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), recognized as an energy sensor with three heterotrimeric subunits (α, β and γ), not only maintains basal intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels but also regulates energy-intensive pathological responses, such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, through multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies open a new direction for AMPK research and demonstrate that AMPK is a critical player in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and plays paradoxical roles in the regulation of different pathological processes, including the disruption of bile acid homeostasis and the regulation of hepatic polarity, inflammation and fibrosis. In the present review, we summarize recent findings that implicate AMPK-mediated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. These findings provide novel insight regarding the potential use of AMPK as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Runping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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