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Anwar A, Ramis De Ayreflor Reyes S, John AA, Breiling E, O'Connor AM, Reis S, Shim JH, Shah AA, Srinivasan J, Farny NG. Nucleic acid aptamers protect against lead (Pb(II)) toxicity. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:36-45. [PMID: 38925526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(II)) is a pervasive heavy metal toxin with many well-established negative effects on human health. Lead toxicity arises from cumulative, repeated environmental exposures. Thus, prophylactic strategies to protect against the bioaccumulation of lead could reduce lead-associated human pathologies. Here we show that DNA and RNA aptamers protect C. elegans from toxic phenotypes caused by lead. Reproductive toxicity, as measured by brood size assays, is prevented by co-feeding of animals with DNA or RNA aptamers. Similarly, lead-induced neurotoxicity, measured by behavioral assays, are also normalized by aptamer feeding. Further, cultured human HEK293 and primary murine osteoblasts are protected from lead toxicity by transfection with DNA aptamers. The osteogenic development, which is decreased by lead exposure, is maintained by prior transfection of lead-binding DNA aptamers. Aptamers may be an effective strategy for the protection of human health in the face of increasing environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Anwar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J&K, India
| | | | - Aijaz Ahmad John
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erik Breiling
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Abigail M O'Connor
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Stephanie Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J&K, India
| | - Jagan Srinivasan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Natalie G Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Anwar A, De Ayreflor Reyes SR, John AA, Breiling E, O’Connor AM, Reis S, Shim JH, Shah AA, Srinivasan J, Farny NG. Nucleic Acid Aptamers Protect Against Lead (Pb(II)) Toxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587288. [PMID: 38585880 PMCID: PMC10996642 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(II)) is a pervasive heavy metal toxin with many well-established negative effects on human health. Lead toxicity arises from cumulative, repeated environmental exposures. Thus, prophylactic strategies to protect against the bioaccumulation of lead could reduce lead-associated human pathologies. Here we show that DNA and RNA aptamers protect C. elegans from toxic phenotypes caused by lead. Reproductive toxicity, as measured by brood size assays, is prevented by co-feeding of animals with DNA or RNA aptamers. Similarly, lead-induced behavioral anomalies are also normalized by aptamer feeding. Further, cultured human HEK293 and primary murine osteoblasts are protected from lead toxicity by transfection with DNA aptamers. The osteogenic development, which is decreased by lead exposure, is maintained by prior transfection of lead-binding DNA aptamers. Aptamers may be an effective strategy for the protection of human health in the face of increasing environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Anwar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri (J&K), India
| | | | - Aijaz Ahmad John
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erik Breiling
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Abigail M. O’Connor
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Stephanie Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri (J&K), India
| | - Jagan Srinivasan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Natalie G. Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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Ma Y, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Liver protecting effects and molecular mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113841. [PMID: 37660725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
As a detoxification and metabolism organ, the liver plays a vital role in human health. However, an excessive consumption of drugs and toxins, exposure to pathogenic viruses, and unhealthy living habits can lead to liver damage, which may even develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. is a traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplement in which the flavonoid icariin is a main functional component. Although the protective mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites against liver injury are not yet comprehensively understood, an increasing number of studies have confirmed their liver-protective and anticancer effects. Indeed, icaritin, one of the metabolites of icariin, is currently utilized as an active component of an anti-cancer drug. This paper presents a review of the molecular mechanisms through which icariin and its metabolites actively protect against the occurrence and development of liver injury, and, thus, provides a comprehensive reference for further research and their application in liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Huong NT, Son NT. Icaritin: A phytomolecule with enormous pharmacological values. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113772. [PMID: 37356700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies on flavonoids have always drawn much interest for many years. Icaritin (ICT), a representative flavone containing an 8-prenyl group, is a principal compound detected in medicinal plants of the genus Epimedum, the family Berberidaceae. Experimental results in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of this molecule are abundant now, but a deep overview has not been carried out. The goal of this review is to provide an insight into the natural observation, biosynthesis, biotransformation, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of prenyl flavone ICT. The relevant data on ICT was collected from bibliographic sources, like Google Scholar, Web of Science, Sci-Finder, and various published journals. "Icaritin" alone or in combination is the main keyword to seek for references, and references have been updated till now. ICT is among the characteristic phytomolecules of Epimedum plants. Bacteria monitored its biosynthesis and biotransformation, while this agent was rapidly synthesized from phloroglucinol by microwave-assistance Claisen rearrangement. ICT is a potential agent in numerous in vitro and in vivo pharmacological records, which demonstrated its role in cancer treatments via apoptotic-related mechanisms. It also brings in various health benefits since it reduced harmful effects on the liver, lung, heart, bone, blood, and skin, and improved immune responses. Pharmacokinetic outcomes indicated that its metabolic pathway involved hydration, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glycosylation, and glucuronidation. Molecule mechanisms of action at a cellular level are predominant, but clinical studies are expected to get more. Structure-activity relationship records seem insufficient, and the studies on nano-combined approaches to improve its soluble property in living bodied medium are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Huong
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Sánchez LM, Lacave HM, Ubios M ÁM, Bozal CB. Exposure of suckling rats to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) alters bone formation at the base of the alveolus causing a delay in tooth eruption. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:195-201. [PMID: 36822318 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hexavalent chromium (CrVI)-exposure of suckling rats has been shown to delay tooth eruption. However, the effects of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus, which provides a motive force for tooth eruption in the early stages of the process, remain unknown. The present work sought to evaluate the effect of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus during the intraosseous stage of tooth eruption in suckling rats, using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical studies. METHODS Experimental animals received 12.5 mg/kg-bw/day of potassium dichromate dissolved in saline solution by gavage starting on day 4 of the experiment; controls similarly received an equivalent volume of saline. All the animals were euthanized at the age of 9 days. The base of the developing alveolus at the level of the mesial root of the first lower molar was analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test, with statistical significance set at p <0.05. RESULTS CrVI-exposed animals showed lower bone volume and height at the base of the alveolus, a significant preponderance of bone rest on the surface adjacent to the dental follicle, and a significantly lower percentage of positive Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2+) osteoblasts and a significantly higher number of mesenchymal-like RUNX2+ cells at the latter site. CONCLUSION CrVI-exposure during lactation affects bone formation at the base of the developing alveolus, delaying tooth eruption. These findings underscore the importance of controlling drinking water levels of toxic substances since their effects can alter the growth and development of individuals exposed during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Marina Sánchez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ht Mariela Lacave
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Matilde Ubios M
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Bettina Bozal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Bayrami Z, Abdollahi M. Lead inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells by affecting WNT1/β-catenin signaling and related miRNAs expression. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105422. [PMID: 35738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in environment that accumulates in teeth and calcified tissues from where it releases gradually with aging and adversely affects dental health. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pb exposure on odontogenic differentiation potential of isolated human dental pulp stem cells and investigate the possible underlying epigenetic factors. In the absence of Pb exposure, stem cells displayed significant odontogenic markers including elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining intensity, and increased expression of odontogenic DMP1 and DSPP genes. Exposure to 60 μM Pb resulted in reduced ALP activity and calcium deposition. Also, diminished expression of RUNX2, DMP1, and DSPP, as well as Wnt signaling mediators including WNT1, and β-catenin were detected. The expression of Wnt signaling related microRNAs, miRNA-139-5p and miRNA-142-3p, on the other hand, were shown to have a significant increase. We concluded that Pb could adversely affect the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cell. The underlying mechanism might related to Pb-induced epigenetic dysregulation of WNT1/β-catenin pathway-related miRNAs leading to down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin related odontogenic genes and eventually impaired odontogenic differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayrami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals Contributes to Diseases Via Deregulated Wnt Signaling Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:370-382. [PMID: 34567167 PMCID: PMC8457726 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114897.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role during embryogenesis and is responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the adult stem cells and cells fate via a multitude of signaling pathways and associated transcription factors, receptors, effectors, and inhibitors. For this review, published articles were searched from PubMed Central, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The search terms were Wnt, canonical, noncanonical, signaling pathway, β-catenin, environment, and heavy metals. Published articles on Wnt signaling pathways and heavy metals as contributing factors for causing diseases via influencing Wnt signaling pathways were included. Wnt canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways are the key regulators of stem cell homeostasis that control many mechanisms. There is an adequate balance between β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling pathways and remain highly conserved throughout different development stages. Environmental heavy metal exposure may cause either inhibition or overexpression of any component of Wnt signaling pathways such as Wnt protein, transcription factors, receptors, ligands, or transducers to impede normal cellular function via negatively affecting Wnt signaling pathways. Environmental exposure to heavy metals potentially contributes to diseases via deregulated Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mei W, Song D, Wu Z, Yang L, Wang P, Zhang R, Zhu X. Resveratrol protects MC3T3-E1 cells against cadmium-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation by modulating the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112080. [PMID: 33677380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenolic compound with a broad range of physiological and pharmacological properties. Previous studies have shown that RES also plays an important role in protecting and promoting early bone metabolism and differentiation. The accumulation of cadmium (Cd), one of the world's most poisonous substances, can inhibit skeletal growth and bone maturation, thus causing osteoporosis. However, whether RES can prevent the Cd-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we found that RES promoted the early maturity of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, as demonstrated by the significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of a range of differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen 1 (COL1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In contrast, we found that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) inhibited the viability and osteogenic maturity of MC3T3-E1 cells. We also demonstrated that RES pretreatment for 30 min provided significant protection against Cd-induced apoptosis and attenuated the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation induced by Cd by modulating ERK1/2 and JNK signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that RES is a potential femoral protectant that not only enhance the viability and early differentiation of osteoblasts, but also protect osteoblasts from cadmium damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Zhidi Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
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Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6837-6848. [PMID: 31333081 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190722153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age groups in the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Elverum, Norway
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10
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Schisandrin B regulates MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells proliferation and differentiation through BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14476. [PMID: 32879393 PMCID: PMC7468146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SchB) is the highest content of biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. It has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, heart protection, liver protection. In this study, we found that SchB can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells. Meanwhile, we found that SchB can regulate the BMP2-SMADs signaling pathway by increasing gene and protein expression of those relative biomolecules. Furthermore, SchB can raise the RUNX2 and SP7 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. Since the role of BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation has been well documented. The present experimental findings indicate that SchB could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis.
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