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Xu X, Xi N, Chen J, Zhou Z, Liu M, Yan G, Liu Y. Deoxynivalenol exposure induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in human keratinocytes via PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:277-288. [PMID: 37705238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin frequently occurring in human and animal food worldwide, which raises increasing public health concerns. In the present study, we used human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) as an in vitro model to explore the cytotoxic effect of DON. The results showed that the cells exhibited varying degrees of damage, including decreased cell number and viability, cell shrinkage and floating, when treated with 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/mL DON for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, exposure to DON for 24 h significantly increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prominently decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Additionally, DON exposure induced mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis through reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Then, we performed RNA-sequencing to investigate the molecular changes in HaCaT cells after DON exposure. The RNA-sequencing results revealed that DON exposure altered the gene expression involved in apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, DON exposure significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Caspase 3 and COX-2, the protein expression of PI3K, and the phosphorylation levels of Akt, ERK, p38, and JNK. Taken together, these findings suggest that DON exposure could induce cell damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HaCaT cells through the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningyuan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiashe Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Miao C, Wang Z, Wang X, Huang W, Gao X, Cao Z. Deoxynivalenol Induces Blood-Testis Barrier Dysfunction through Disrupting p38 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Tight Junction Protein Expression and Distribution in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12829-12838. [PMID: 37590035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is widely present in cereals and processed grains. It can disrupt the blood-testicular barrier (BTB), leading to sterility in males; however, the mechanism is unknown. In this study, 30 Kunming mice and TM4 cells were exposed to 0 or 4.8 mg/kg (28 d) and 0-2.4 μM (24 h) of DON, respectively. Histopathological findings showed that DON increased BTB permeability in mice, leading to tight junction (TJ) structural damage. Immunofluorescence results indicated that DON disrupted the localization of zonula occludens (ZO)-1. The results of protein and mRNA expression showed that the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-11 was reduced, and that the p38/GSK-3β/snail and p38/ATF-2/MLCK signaling pathways were activated in mouse testes and TM4 cells. Pretreatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 maintained TJ integrity in TM4 cells after exposure to DON. Thus, DON induced BTB dysfunction in mice by disrupting p38 pathway-mediated TJ expression and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zijia Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
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Drouault M, Delalande C, Bouraïma-Lelong H, Seguin V, Garon D, Hanoux V. Deoxynivalenol enhances estrogen receptor alpha-induced signaling by ligand-independent transactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Exploring the dermotoxicity of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: combined morphologic and proteomic profiling of human epidermal cells reveals alteration of lipid biosynthesis machinery and membrane structural integrity relevant for skin barrier function. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2201-2221. [PMID: 33890134 PMCID: PMC8166681 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin, DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. fungi and it is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins worldwide. Crop infestation results not only in food and feed contamination, but also in direct dermal exposure, especially during harvest and food processing. To investigate the potential dermotoxicity of DON, epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma cells A431 were compared to primary human neonatal keratinocytes (HEKn) cells via proteome/phosphoproteome profiling. In A431 cells, 10 µM DON significantly down-regulated ribosomal proteins, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain elements (OXPHOS regulation) and transport proteins (TOMM22; TOMM40; TOMM70A). Mitochondrial impairment was reflected in altered metabolic competence, apparently combined with interference of the lipid biosynthesis machinery. Functional effects on the cell membrane were confirmed by live cell imaging and membrane fluidity assays (0.1–10 µM DON). Moreover, a common denominator for both A431 and HEKn cells was a significant downregulation of the squalene synthase (FDFT1). In sum, proteome alterations could be traced back to the transcription factor Klf4, a crucial regulator of skin barrier function. Overall, these results describe decisive molecular events sustaining the capability of DON to impair skin barrier function. Proteome data generated in the study are fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with the accession numbers PXD011474 and PXD013613.
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Srivastava S, Dewangan J, Mishra S, Divakar A, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Kumar S, Rath SK. Piperine and Celecoxib synergistically inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153484. [PMID: 33667839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib (CXB), a selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAID, has exhibited prominent anti-proliferative potential against numerous cancers. However, its low bioavailability and long term exposure related cardiovascular side effects, limit its clinical application. In order to overcome these limitations, natural bioactive compounds with lower toxicity profile are used in combination with therapeutic drugs. Therfore, in this study Piperine (PIP), a natural chemo-preventive agent possessing drug bioavailability enhancing properties, was considered to be used in combination with low doses of CXB. PURPOSE We hypothesized that the combination of PIP with CXB will have a synergistic anti-proliferative effect on colon cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN The potency of PIP and CXB alone and in combination was evaluated in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and mechanism of growth inhibition was investigated by analyzing the players in apoptotic and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. METHODS The effect of PIP on the oral bioavailability of CXB in mice was investigated using HPLC analysis. The study investigated the synergistic anti-proliferative effect of CXB and PIP on HT-29 cells and IEC-6 non-tumorigenic rat intestinal epithelial cells by SRB cell viability assay. Further, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) involved in the anti-proliferative combinatorial effect was extensively explored in HT-29 cells by flow cytometry and western blotting. The in vivo efficacy of this combination was studied in CT26.WT tumor syngeneic Balb/c mice model. RESULTS PIP as a bioenhancer increased the oral bioavailability of CXB (129%). The IC50 of CXB and PIP were evaluated to select doses for combination treatment of HT-29 cells. The drug combinations having combination index (CI) less than 1 were screened using CompuSyn software. These combinations were significantly cytotoxic to HT-29 cells but IEC-6 were least effected. Further, the mechanism behind CXB and PIP mediated cell death was explored. The co-treatment led to reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase activation and enhanced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Additionally, the combination treatment synergistically modulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, downregulated the stemness markers and boosted therapeutic response in CT26 syngeneic Balb/c mice. CONCLUSION The outcomes of the study suggests that combining CXB and PIP offers a novel approach for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Srivastava
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayant Dewangan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Mishra
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Divakar
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sadan Kumar
- Immunotoxicology laboratory Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mishra S, Divakar A, Srivastava S, Dewangan J, Sharma D, Asthana S, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Kumar S, Rath SK. N-acetyl-cysteine in combination with celecoxib inhibits Deoxynivalenol induced skin tumor initiation via induction of autophagic pathways in swiss mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:70-82. [PMID: 32561319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin which naturally contaminates small grain, cereals intended for human and animal consumption. Investigations for dermal toxicity of DON has been needed and highlighted by WHO. Previous studies on dermal toxicity suggest that DON has DNA damaging potential leading to skin tumor initiation in mice skin. However, considering its toxicological manifestations arising after dermal exposure, strategies for its prevention/protection are barely available in literatute. Collectively, our study demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), precursor of glutathione, significantly alters the genotoxic potential of DON. Further NAC in combination with Celecoxib (CXB) inhibits tumor growth by altering antioxidant status and increasing autophagy in DON initiated Swiss mice. Despite the broad spectrum use of CXB, its use is limited by the concerns about its adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Serum parameters and histology analysis revealed that CXB (2 mg) when applied topically for 24 weeks did not impart any cardiovascular toxicity which could be because skin permeation potential of CXB was quite low when analyzed through HPLC analysis. Although the anticancer effects of CXB and NAC have been studied, however, the combination of NAC and CXB has yet not been explored for any cancer treatment. Therefore our observations provide additional insights into the therapeutic effects of combinatorial treatment of CXB and NAC against skin tumor prevention. This approach might form a novel alternative strategy for skin cancer treatment as well as skin associated toxicities caused by mycotoxins such as DON. This combinatorial approach can overcome the limitations associated with the use of CXB for long term as topical application of the same seems to be safe in comparison to the oral mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mishra
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Divakar
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayant Dewangan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somya Asthana
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sadan Kumar
- Immunotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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