1
|
Durham SD, Wei Z, Lemay DG, Lange MC, Barile D. Creation of a milk oligosaccharide database, MilkOligoDB, reveals common structural motifs and extensive diversity across mammals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10345. [PMID: 37365203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate fraction of most mammalian milks contains a variety of oligosaccharides that encompass a range of structures and monosaccharide compositions. Human milk oligosaccharides have received considerable attention due to their biological roles in neonatal gut microbiota, immunomodulation, and brain development. However, a major challenge in understanding the biology of milk oligosaccharides across other mammals is that reports span more than 5 decades of publications with varying data reporting methods. In the present study, publications on milk oligosaccharide profiles were identified and harmonized into a standardized format to create a comprehensive, machine-readable database of milk oligosaccharides across mammalian species. The resulting database, MilkOligoDB, includes 3193 entries for 783 unique oligosaccharide structures from the milk of 77 different species harvested from 113 publications. Cross-species and cross-publication comparisons of milk oligosaccharide profiles reveal common structural motifs within mammalian orders. Of the species studied, only chimpanzees, bonobos, and Asian elephants share the specific combination of fucosylation, sialylation, and core structures that are characteristic of human milk oligosaccharides. However, agriculturally important species do produce diverse oligosaccharides that may be valuable for human supplementation. Overall, MilkOligoDB facilitates cross-species and cross-publication comparisons of milk oligosaccharide profiles and the generation of new data-driven hypotheses for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zhe Wei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Matthew C Lange
- International Center for Food Ontology Operability Data and Semantics, 216 F Street Ste. 139, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evolution of milk oligosaccharides: Origin and selectivity of the ratio of milk oligosaccharides to lactose among mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130012. [PMID: 34536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbohydrate fraction of mammalian milk is constituted of lactose and oligosaccharides, most of which contain a lactose unit at their reducing ends. Although lactose is the predominant saccharide in the milk of most eutherians, oligosaccharides significantly predominate over lactose in the milk of monotremes and marsupials. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes the most likely process by which lactose and milk oligosaccharides were acquired during the evolution of mammals and the mechanisms by which these saccharides are digested and absorbed by the suckling neonates. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS During the evolution of mammals, c-type lysozyme evolved to α-lactalbumin. This permitted the biosynthesis of lactose by modulating the substrate specificity of β4galactosyltransferase 1, thus enabling the concomitant biosynthesis of milk oligosaccharides through the activities of several glycosyltransferases using lactose as an acceptor. In most eutherian mammals the digestion of lactose to glucose and galactose is achieved through the action of intestinal lactase (β-galactosidase), which is located within the small intestinal brush border. This enzyme, however, is absent in neonatal monotremes and macropod marsupials. It has therefore been proposed that in these species the absorption of milk oligosaccharides is achieved by pinocytosis or endocytosis, after which digestion occurs through the actions of several lysosomal acid glycosidases. This process would enable the milk oligosaccharides of monotremes and marsupials to be utilized as a significant energy source for the suckling neonates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The evolution and significance of milk oligosaccharides is discussed in relation to the evolution of mammals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Urashima T, Umewaki M, Taufik E, Ohshima T, Fukuda K, Saito T, Whitehouse-Tedd K, Budd JA, Oftedal OT. Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milks of the American black bear (Ursus americanus americanus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Glycoconj J 2019; 37:57-76. [PMID: 31828568 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The milk oligosaccharides were studied for two species of the Carnivora: the American black bear (Ursus americanus, family Ursidae, Caniformia), and the cheetah, (Acinonyx jubatus, family Felidae, Feliformia). Lactose was the most dominant saccharide in cheetah milk, while this was a minor saccharide and milk oligosaccharides predominated over lactose in American black bear milk. The structures of 8 neutral saccharides from American black bear milk were found to be Gal(β1-4)Glc (lactose), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc (2'-fucosyllactose), Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (isoglobotriose), Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (B-tetrasaccharide), Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]Glc (B-pentasaccharide), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose), Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (monogalactosyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose) and Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (Galili pentasaccharide). Structures of 5 acidic saccharides were also identified in black bear milk: Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3'-sialyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (monosialyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3){Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-6)}Gal(β1-4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), and Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3){Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-6)}Gal(β1-4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl difucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose). A notable feature of some of these milk oligosaccharides is the presence of B-antigen (Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal), α-Gal epitope (Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc(NAc)) and Lewis x (Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc) structures within oligosaccharides. By comparison to American black bear milk, cheetah milk had a much smaller array of oligosaccharides. Two cheetah milks contained Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (isoglobotriose), while another cheetah milk did not, but contained Gal(β1-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6'-galactosyllactose) and Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3'-galactosyllactose). Two cheetah milks contained Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (lacto-N-neohexaose), and one cheetah milk contained Gal(β1-4)Glc-3'-O-sulfate. Neu5Ac(α2-8)Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (disialyllactose) was the only sialyl oligosaccharide identified in cheetah milk. The heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides was found between both species with respect of the presence/absence of B-antigen and Lewis x. The variety of milk oligosaccharides was much greater in the American black bear than in the cheetah. The ratio of milk oligosaccharides-to-lactose was lower in cheetah (1:1-1:2) than American black bear (21:1) which is likely a reflection of the requirement for a dietary supply of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid), in altricial ursids compared to more precocial felids, given the role of these oligosaccharides in the synthesis of brain gangliosides and the polysialic chains on neural cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Urashima
- Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Masami Umewaki
- Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Epi Taufik
- Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Takeharu Ohshima
- Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tadao Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Katherine Whitehouse-Tedd
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham, Trent University, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Jane A Budd
- Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Olav T Oftedal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mineguchi Y, Miyoshi M, Taufik E, Kawamura A, Asakawa T, Suzuki I, Souma K, Okubo M, Saito T, Fukuda K, Asakuma S, Urashima T. Chemical characterization of the milk oligosaccharides of some Artiodactyla species including giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii), deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Glycoconj J 2018; 35:561-574. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Urashima T, Yamaguchi E, Ohshima T, Fukuda K, Saito T. Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milk of the raccoon (Procyon lotor). Glycoconj J 2018; 35:275-286. [PMID: 29644514 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study on milk saccharides of the raccoon (Procyonidae: Carnivora), free lactose was found to be a minor constituent among a variety of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides, which predominated over lactose. The milk oligosaccharides were isolated from the carbohydrate fractions of each of four samples of raccoon milk and their chemical structures determined by 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies. The structures of the four neutral milk oligosaccharides were Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc (2'-fucosyllactose), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose IV), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (fucosyl para lacto-N-neohexaose) and Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose). No type I oligosaccharides, which contain Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc units, were detected, but type 2 saccharides, which contain Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc units were present. The monosaccharide compositions of two of the acidic oligosaccharides were [Neu5Ac]1[Hex]6[HexNAc]4[deoxy Hex]2, while those of another two were [Neu5Ac]1[Hex]8[HexNAc]6[deoxy Hex]3. These acidic oligosaccharides contained α(2-3) or α(2-6) linked Neu5Ac, non reducing α(1-2) linked Fuc, poly N-acetyllactosamine (Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc) and reducing lactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Urashima
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Emi Yamaguchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Takeharu Ohshima
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tadao Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Madende M, Osthoff G, Patterton HG, Patterton HE, Martin P, Opperman DJ. Characterization of casein and alpha lactalbumin of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) milk. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8308-18. [PMID: 26454297 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current research reports partial characterization of the caseins and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) of the African elephant with proposed unique structure-function properties. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the structure of the casein micelles. Crystallographic structure elucidation of caseins and casein micelles is not possible. Consequently, several models have been developed in an effort to describe the casein micelle, specifically of cow milk. Here we report the characterization of African elephant milk caseins. The κ-caseins and β-caseins were investigated, and their relative ratio was found to be approximately 1:8.5, whereas α-caseins were not detected. The gene sequence of β-casein in the NCBI database was revisited, and a different sequence in the N-terminal region is proposed. Amino acid sequence alignment and hydropathy plots showed that the κ-casein of African elephant milk is similar to that of other mammals, whereas the β-casein is similar to the human protein, and displayed a section of unique AA composition and additional hydrophilic regions compared with bovine caseins. Elephant milk is destabilized by 62% alcohol, and it is speculated that the β-casein characteristics may allow maintenance of the colloidal nature of the casein micelle, a role that was previously only associated with κ-casein. The oligosaccharide content of milk was reported to be low in dairy animals but high in some other species such as humans and elephants. In the milk of the African elephant, lactose and oligosaccharides both occur at high levels. These levels are typically related to the content of α-LA in the mammary gland and thus point to a specialized carbohydrate synthesis, where the whey protein α-LA plays a role. We report the characterization of African elephant α-LA. Homology modeling of the α-LA showed that it is structurally similar to crystal structures of other mammalian species, which in turn may be an indication that its functional properties, such as lactose synthesis, should not be impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Madende
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - G Osthoff
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa.
| | - H-G Patterton
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - H E Patterton
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Martin
- UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Integrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert - Bâtiment 221, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D J Opperman
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Urashima T, Inamori H, Fukuda K, Saito T, Messer M, Oftedal OT. 4-O-Acetyl-sialic acid (Neu4,5Ac2) in acidic milk oligosaccharides of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and its evolutionary significance. Glycobiology 2015; 25:683-97. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
8
|
Oftedal OT, Nicol SC, Davies NW, Sekii N, Taufik E, Fukuda K, Saito T, Urashima T. Can an ancestral condition for milk oligosaccharides be determined? Evidence from the Tasmanian echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus). Glycobiology 2014; 24:826-39. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olav T Oftedal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | | | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Nobuhiro Sekii
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Epi Taufik
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tadao Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tadasu Urashima
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castanys-Muñoz E, Martin MJ, Prieto PA. 2'-fucosyllactose: an abundant, genetically determined soluble glycan present in human milk. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:773-89. [PMID: 24246032 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactose is the preeminent soluble glycan in milk and a significant source of energy for most newborn mammals. Elongation of lactose with additional monosaccharides gives rise to a varied repertoire of free soluble glycans such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), which is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In infants, 2'-FL is resistant to digestion and reaches the colon where it is partially fermented, behaving as soluble prebiotic fiber. Evidence also suggests that portions of small soluble milk glycans, including 2'-FL, are absorbed, thus raising the possibility of systemic biological effects. 2'-FL bears an epitope of the Secretor histo-blood group system; approximately 70-80% of all milk samples contain 2'-FL, since its synthesis depends on a fucosyltransferase that is not uniformly expressed. The fact that some infants are not exposed to 2'-FL has helped researchers to retrospectively probe for biological activities of this glycan. This review summarizes the attributes of 2'-FL in terms of its occurrence in mammalian phylogeny, its postulated biological activities, and its variability in human milk.
Collapse
|
10
|
Eisert R, Oftedal OT, Barrell GK. Milk Composition in the Weddell SealLeptonychotes weddellii: Evidence for a Functional Role of Milk Carbohydrates in Pinnipeds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:159-75. [DOI: 10.1086/669036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Taufik E, Sekii N, Senda A, Fukuda K, Saito T, Eisert R, Oftedal OT, Urashima T. Neutral and acidic milk oligosaccharides of the striped skunk (Mephitidae: Mephitis mephitis). Anim Sci J 2013; 84:569-78. [PMID: 23607515 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biological significance of the tremendous variation in proportions of oligosaccharides and lactose among mammalian milks is poorly understood. We investigated milk oligosaccharides of the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and compared these results to other species of the clade Mustelida. Individual oligosaccharides were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the striped skunk, six oligosaccharides were identified: isoglobotriose, 2'-fucosyllactose, A-tetrasaccharide, Galili pentasaccharide, 3'-sialyllactose and monosialyl monogalactosyl lacto-N-neohexaose. Four of these have been found in related Mustelida and the other two in more distantly related carnivorans. The neutral and acidic oligosaccharides derive from three core structures: lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc), lacto-N-neotetraose (Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc) and lacto-N-neohexaose (Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Epi Taufik
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
SENDA A, HATAKEYAMA E, KOBAYASHI R, FUKUDA K, UEMURA Y, SAITO T, PACKER C, OFTEDAL OT, URASHIMA T. Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (Panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). Anim Sci J 2010; 81:687-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Uemura Y, Takahashi S, Senda A, Fukuda K, Saito T, Oftedal OT, Urashima T. Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of a spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:158-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
URASHIMA T, KOMODA M, ASAKUMA S, UEMURA Y, FUKUDA K, SAITO T, OFTEDAL OT. Structural determination of the oligosaccharides in the milk of a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridatyla). Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Osthoff G, Dickens L, Urashima T, Bonnet S, Uemura Y, van der Westhuizen J. Structural characterization of oligosaccharides in the milk of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana africana). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Nakakita SI, Sumiyoshi W, Miyanishi N, Natsuka S, Hase S, Hirabayashi J. Gas-Phase Pyridylamination of Saccharides: Development and Applications. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2674-9. [PMID: 17335182 DOI: 10.1021/ac0700878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyridylamination is a versatile method for fluorescence labeling of oligosaccharides. The technique affords sensitive detection of saccharides with reducing termini and high-resolution separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. The conventional method, based on a liquid-phase reaction, has been extensively used in various aspects of glycobiology and glycotechnology. Unfortunately, the necessity for removing excess 2-aminopyridine makes the technique both laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, removal of excess reagent can result in a significant loss of short saccharide components. In the present paper, we report an alternative methodology based on a "gas-phase" reaction, in which dried saccharides are reacted with vaporized 2-aminopyridine. The resultant Schiff base was also reduced in the gas phase within the same reaction microtube using a purpose-built device. The newly developed procedure was applied to both monosaccharide (GlcNAc) and oligosaccharides (isomalto-oligosaccharides) at quantitative yields with no requirement to remove excess reagent. The acid-labile sialyl linkages of alpha2-6-disialobiantennary oligosaccharides proved to be fully stable during the procedure. The developed method was also successfully applied to profiling N-linked oligosaccharides liberated from glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis and, thus, should contribute to various fields of glycomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Nakakita
- Department of Functional Glycomics, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uemura Y, Asakuma S, Yon L, Saito T, Fukuda K, Arai I, Urashima T. Structural determination of the oligosaccharides in the milk of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:468-78. [PMID: 16963297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Milk of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), collected at 11 days post partum, contained 91 g/L of hexose and 3 g/L of sialic acid. The dominant saccharide in this milk sample was lactose, but it also contained isoglobotriose (Glc(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc) as well as a variety of sialyl oligosaccharides. The sialyl oligosaccharides were separated from neutral saccharides by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and successive gel chromatography on Bio Gel P-2. They were purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an Amide-80 column and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Their structures were determined to be those of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, monofucosyl monosialyl lactose (Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc), sialyl lacto-N-neotetraose c (LST c), galactosyl monosialyl lacto-N-neohexaose, galactosyl monofucosyl monosialyl lacto-N-neohexaose and three novel oligosaccharides as follows: Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc, Neu5Ac(alpha2-6)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc, and Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc. The higher oligosaccharides contained only the type II chain (Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc); this finding differed from previously published data on Asian elephant milk oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Uemura
- Department of Bioresource Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Urashima T, Kobayashi M, Asakuma S, Uemura Y, Arai I, Fukuda K, Saito T, Mogoe T, Ishikawa H, Fukui Y. Chemical characterization of the oligosaccharides in Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) and Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis lesson) milk. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 146:153-9. [PMID: 17113803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Samples of milk from a Bryde's whale and a Sei whale contained 2.7 g/100 mL and 1.7 g/100 mL of hexose, respectively. Both contained lactose as the dominant saccharide along with small amounts of Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (3'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(alpha2-6)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (6'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose) and Neu5Ac(alpha2-6)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (LST c). The dominance of lactose in the carbohydrate of these milks is similar to that of Minke whale milk and bottlenose dolphin colostrum, but the oligosaccharide patterns are different from those of these two species, illustrating the heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among the Cetacea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Urashima
- Graduate School of Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|