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Dong M, Song H, Xie C, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhang H, Wei L, Wang X. Polystyrene microplastics photo-aged under simulated sunlight influences gonadal development in the Pacific oyster. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106367. [PMID: 38277815 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) aging in natural ecosystems are caused by solar irradiation. Photo-aged MPs in aquatic systems are a major threat to molluscs. In this study, polystyrene (PS) photo-aging was simulated using a sunlight simulator. After exposure of Crassostrea gigas to photo-aged PS, a decreased gonadosomatic index, coupled with histological alterations, suggested an inhibitory effect on the gonadal development of bivalves. As the concentration of aged PS increased, the inhibitory effects on gonadal development became more severe. The sex hormone (testosterone and estradiol) and energy metabolism (glycogen, lipid, and protein content) differences between C. gigas males and females suggested a disruption of sex hormonal homeostasis and a shift in energy allocation strategy, which may have affected reproduction, especially female oysters. In addition, the substantial downregulation of SOX-8, SOX-E, Piwi1, and TGF-β genes may be contributing factors causing the inhibitory effect of aged PS on the gonadal development of C. gigas. This study provides an essential reference for evaluating the reproductive health risks posed by aged MPs and offers novel insights and perspectives for exploring the impact of MPs under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiYun Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - HongCe Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - ChaoYi Xie
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - YuXuan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Haikun Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - XiaoTong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264025, China.
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Song A, Gao Z, Zhou Y, Miao J, Xu R, Pan L. Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene on Food Metabolism and Reproductive Endocrine and Ovarian Development in Female Scallop Chlamys farreri at Different Reproductive Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 38088252 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with the most carcinogenic effects of all the PAHs, has multiple toxic effects on marine bivalves. We investigated the interference mechanism of B[a]P on food metabolism (sugars, proteins, and sugars), and on reproductive endocrine and ovarian development in female scallops (Chlamys farreri). Scallops were exposed to different concentrations of B[a]P concentrations of 0, 0.38, 3.8, and 38 μg/L throughout gonadal development. Total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the digestive glands were increased, and their synthesis genes were upregulated. The plasma glucose contents decreased with the inhibition of glycogen synthesis genes and the induction of glycolysis genes in the digestive gland. The results showed that B[a]P had endocrine-disrupting effects on scallops, that it negatively affected genes related to ovarian cell proliferation, sex differentiation, and egg development, and that it caused damage to ovarian tissue. Our findings supplement the information on B[a]P disruption in gonadal development of marine bivalves. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Lance E, Sartor L, Foucault P, Geffard A, Marie B. Insights on the Organ-Dependent, Molecular Sexual Dimorphism in the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, Revealed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1046. [PMID: 37887371 PMCID: PMC10609167 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is extensively used as a sentinel species for biosurveys of environmental contaminants in freshwater ecosystems and for ecotoxicological studies. However, its metabolome remains poorly understood, particularly in light of the potential molecular sexual dimorphism between its different tissues. From an ecotoxicological point of view, inter-sex and inter-organ differences in the metabolome suggest variability in responsiveness, which can influence the analysis and interpretation of data, particularly in the case where males and females would be analyzed indifferently. This study aimed to assess the extent to which the molecular fingerprints of functionally diverse tissues like the digestive glands, gonads, gills, and mantle of D. polymorpha can reveal tissue-specific molecular sexual dimorphism. We employed a non-targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and revealed a significant sexual molecular dimorphism in the gonads, and to a lesser extent in the digestive glands, of D. polymorpha. Our results highlight the critical need to consider inter-sex differences in the metabolome of D. polymorpha to avoid confounding factors, particularly when investigating environmental effects on molecular regulation in the gonads, and to a lesser extent in the digestive glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR MNHN/CNRS Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France (P.F.); (B.M.)
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, University of Reims, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Lucas Sartor
- UMR MNHN/CNRS Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France (P.F.); (B.M.)
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, University of Reims, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Pierre Foucault
- UMR MNHN/CNRS Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France (P.F.); (B.M.)
| | - Alain Geffard
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, University of Reims, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR MNHN/CNRS Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France (P.F.); (B.M.)
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Wang W, Wu B, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhou L, Xu W, Yu T, Zheng Y, Zhang S. Comprehensive analysis on the regulation of differentially expressed of mRNA and ncRNA in different ovarian stages of ark shell Scapharca broughtonii. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:563. [PMID: 37736709 PMCID: PMC10515027 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian development is an important prerequisite and basis for animal reproduction. In many vertebrates, it is regulated by multiple genes and influenced by sex steroid hormones and environmental factors. However, relative information is limited in shellfish. To explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of mRNA and non-coding RNA that regulate ovarian development in Scapharca broughtonii, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing analysis on ovaries at three developmental stages. Furthermore, the biological processes involved in the differential expression of mRNA and ncRNA were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 11,342 mRNAs, 6897 lncRNAs, 135 circRNAs, and 275 miRNAs were differentially expressed. By mapping the differentially expressed RNAs from the three developmental stages of Venn diagram, multiple groups of shared mRNAs and lncRNAs were found to be associated with ovarian development, with some mRNA and ncRNA functions associated with steroid hormone. In addition, we constructed and visualized the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on ceRNA targeting relationships. CONCLUSIONS These findings may facilitate our further understanding the mRNA and ncRNAs roles in the regulation of shellfish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Wandong Xu
- Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Kenli District, Dongying, China, 257500
| | - Tao Yu
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China, 265800
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China, 265800
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Shandong Anhai lnvestment , Jinan, China, Co., Ltd, 250013
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Tang J, Song A, Pan L, Miao J, Li Z, Zhou Y. Study of DNA methylation of hsd17β, er and reproductive endocrine disrupting effects in female Chlamys farreri under benzo[a]pyrene stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121667. [PMID: 37080513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is one kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the marine environment which has multiple toxic effects. However, epigenetic studies correlated with reproductive endocrine disruption in invertebrates have not been explored. In our study, Chlamys farreri in the mature stage were exposed to B[a]P (0, 0.4, 2 and 10 μg/L) for 5 and 10 d to explore the effects on reproductive endocrine and DNA methylation. The results proved that B[a]P stress significantly restrained the growth of mature oocytes, reduced the content of sex hormones, and affected the expression of genes related to ovarian development. Histological observation showed that the ovarian microstructure was damaged. The detection of SAM/SAH, dnmts, GNMT in the ovary showed that the level of global DNA methylation fluctuated. Significant hypermethylation of the hsd17β promoter region in the ovary was associated with a significant downregulation of its gene expression. In summary, our results suggested that exposure to B[a]P might affect DNA methylation to regulate key reproductive genes, interfere with the synthesis of sex hormones, and inhibit ovarian development. These findings provide a basis for a better understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the response of marine invertebrates to POPs stress, opening up new avenues for incorporating environmental epigenetic approaches into marine invertebrate management and conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Aimin Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Ojima D, Hirano-Maeda Y, Matsubara A, Amano M. Changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the cerebral ganglion of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum during gonadal development. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111228. [PMID: 35489608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in reproduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates; however, little is known about GnRH during gonadal development in bivalves. We developed a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum GnRH (rpGnRH) and measured the amount of rpGnRH in the cerebral ganglion (CG) and sex steroid hormones in the hemolymph during gonadal development. The cross-reactivity of the anti-rpGnRH antibody against other forms of GnRH was <0.15%, and the displacement curve obtained for serially diluted CG extracts was parallel to the rpGnRH standard curve, confirming the suitability of the TR-FIA system. Based on histological observation, gonadal development of the clams was classified into early developing (stage 1), late developing (stage 2), ripe (stage 3), and partially spent (stage 4). In female clams, rpGnRH levels in the CG peaked at stage 1, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in the hemolymph peaked at stage 2. The rpGnRH levels in males and hemolymph testosterone levels in both sexes did not differ significantly across stages. Hemolymph E2 levels in males were below the detection limit for the TR-FIA. These results suggest that rpGnRH and E2 secretion in females can activate ovarian development of the Manila clam at the early and late developing stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ojima
- Momoshima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute (FTI), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0061, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hirano-Maeda
- Momoshima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute (FTI), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0061, Japan
| | - Aoba Matsubara
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masafumi Amano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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7
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Shangguan X, Mao Y, Wang X, Liu M, Wang Y, Wang G, Li J. Cyp17a effected by endocrine disruptors and its function in gonadal development of Hyriopsis cumingii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114028. [PMID: 35314150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens and androgens that coexist in the aquatic environment could potentially affect shellfish, however, endocrine disrupting effects of them in shellfish are significant. As an important aquaculture shellfish in China, Hyriopsis cumingii has remarkable economic benefits. In this study, the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the steroid synthase Hc-Cyp17a in the male and female gonads of the H. cumingii were assessed by exposing juvenile mussels to cultured waters containing 17β-Estradiol (E2) and 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) for 28 days. At the same time, the E2 content in the four stages of gonadal development, the expression changes of Hc-Cyp17a in gonadal development and its localization in the mature gonad were measured to explore the relationship between genes and hormones. The results showed that both E2 and MT at 50 ng/L and 200 ng/L could affect the transcription level of Hc-Cyp17a, which was inhibited initially and promoted in post-development. E2 content was positively correlated with gonadal development stage, which was in mussel. By tracing the expression of Hc-Cyp17a, difference was found during different developmental periods. The expression level in ovary was higher than that in testis during gonadal development of 1/ 2/ 3-year-old mussels and showed an increasing trend with age. Furthermore, the expression levels in 6 tissues of mature individuals were measured and it showed that there was a significant difference between male and female in the gonads (p < 0.01). In situ hybridization, it suggested that Hc-Cyp17a was significantly signaled in the follicular wall and oocyte of female and in the follicular membrane of testis, respectively. These results could play a vital role in assessing and understanding the effects of aquatic environment on the endocrine system of H. cumingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingrui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Zeng Q, Hu B, Blanco AH, Zhang W, Zhao D, Martínez P, Hong Y. Full-Length Transcriptome Sequences Provide Insight Into Hermaphroditism of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis schlegelii. Front Genet 2022; 13:868742. [PMID: 35401664 PMCID: PMC8987123 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.868742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater mussel Hyriopsis schlegelii is a cultured bivalve in China, and the quality of the pearls produced is affected by the type of gonads. However, because of the lack of a published genome and the complexity of sex determination, research on sex reversal and development of this species is limited. In this study, Illumina RNA-seq and PacBio Isoform Sequencing (Iso-Seq) were combined to analyze the gonads of H. schlegelii. A total of 201,481 high-quality transcripts were generated. The study identified 7,922 differentially expressed genes in three comparison group (females versus males, hermaphrodites versus females, and hermaphrodites versus males). Twenty-four genes were identified as potential sex-related genes, including sox9 and wnt4 involved in sex determination, and vtg, cyp17a1 and 17β-hsd2 involved in gonadal development. We also speculated a possible pathways for the formation of hermaphroditism in H. schlegelii. The data provide a clear view of the transcriptome for H. schlegelii gonads and will be valuable in elucidating the mechanisms of gonad development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Beijuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
| | - Andres Hortas Blanco
- Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Wanchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Daxian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Yijiang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yijiang Hong,
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Xu R, Pan L, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li D. Temporal transcriptome analysis in female scallop Chlamys farreri: First molecular insights into the disturbing mechanism on lipid metabolism of reproductive-stage dependence under benzo[a]pyrene exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:142032. [PMID: 33027874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most widespread persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environment. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the most toxic carcinogen of PAHs, is widely studied as a representative that interferes with lipid metabolism. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism by B[a]P interference towards bivalve, one of the marine-pollution bio-indicators have not been elucidated yet, especially during gonadal development which is closely associated with lipids. In this study, female scallops Chlamys farreri were cultured with natural and 4 μg/L B[a]P exposed seawater, respectively, and a multi-stage (proliferative, growth, mature, and spawn stage) ovarian transcriptome profiling was performed to decipher the reproductive stage-dependence disturbing mechanisms on lipid metabolism caused by B[a]P in bivalves. The results revealed the potential molecular mechanism of B[a]P-induced triglycerides (TGs) accumulation, which probably resulted from the collaboration of promoting synthesis and inhibiting metabolization of TGs, notably, this mechanism also occurred at spawn stage. Correspondingly, B[a]P and TGs contents measured in ovary offered direct biochemical evidences for the interference effects and stage-dependent accumulation patterns of B[a]P. Moreover, the gene expressions of fatty acids synthesis related enzymes were down-regulated cooperatively, illustrating the molecular compensatory mechanism that reduced susceptibility from oxidative damage. And these results further emphasized the important role of prostaglandins (PGs) in immune response mediated by arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, this study explored the underlying molecular mechanism affected by B[a]P on sterol metabolism, which possibly posed a threat to normal reproductive functions in bivalves. Taken together, our findings filled the gap of the stage-dependent interference molecular mechanisms on lipid metabolism behind bivalves, and provided a new perspective for investigating the adaptive mechanisms of bivalves under POPs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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10
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Yang Y, Pan L, Zhou Y, Xu R, Li D. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure disrupts steroidogenesis and impairs spermatogenesis in diverse reproductive stages of male scallop (Chlamys farreri). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110125. [PMID: 32861722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a model compound of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon known to impair reproductive functions of vertebrates, while the data is scarce in marine invertebrates. To investigate the toxic effects of BaP on invertebrates reproduction, we exposed male scallop (Chlamys farreri) to BaP (0, 0.38 and 3.8 μg/L) throughout three stages of reproductive cycle (early gametogenesis stage, late gametogenesis stage and ripe stage). The results demonstrated that BaP decreased the gonadosomatic index and mature sperms counts in a dose-dependent manner. Significant changes in sex hormones contents and increased 17β-estradiol/testosterone ratio suggested that BaP produced the estrogenic endocrine effects in male scallops. In support of this view, we confirmed that BaP significantly altered transcripts of genes along the upstream PKA and PKC mediated signaling pathway like fshr, lhcgr, adcy, PKA, PKC, PLC and NR5A2. Subsequently, the expressions of genes encoding downstream steroidogenic enzymes (e.g., 3β-HSD, CYP17 and 17β-HSD) were impacted, which corresponded well with hormonal alterations. In addition, BaP suppressed transcriptions of spermatogenesis-related genes, including ccnd2, SCP3, NRF1 and AQP9. Due to different functional demands, these transcript profiles involved in spermatogenesis exhibited a stage-specific expression pattern. Furthermore, histopathological analysis determined that BaP significantly inhibited testicular development and maturation in male scallops. Overall, the present findings indicated that, playing as an estrogenic-like chemical, BaP could disrupt the steroidogenesis pathway, impair spermatogenesis and caused histological damages, thereby inducing reproductive toxicities with dose- and stage-specific effects in male scallops. And the adverse outcomes might threaten the stability of bivalve populations and destroy the function of marine ecosystems in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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11
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Yang Y, Zhou Y, Pan L, Xu R, Li D. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure induced reproductive endocrine-disrupting effects via the steroidogenic pathway and estrogen signaling pathway in female scallop Chlamys farreri. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138585. [PMID: 32315858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), as one of the typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental contaminants, may cause endocrine disrupting effects and reproductive impairments in bivalves. However, the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, three reproductive stages (proliferative stage, growing stage and mature stage) of female scallops Chlamys farreri were exposed to B[a]P at 0, 0.38 and 3.8 μg/L. The present study determined the adverse effects of B[a]P on gonadosomatic index, circulating hormone concentrations, endocrine-associated gene expression and ovarian histology. Significant decrease in sex hormones including progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2), was observed in B[a]P-treated C. farreri at growing stage and mature stage. These effects were associated with down-regulated expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including 3β-HSD, CYP17 and 17β-HSD, which were regulated by the upstream adenylate cyclase (Adcy) - protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway. Ovarian transcript levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and caveolin-1 (cav-1) were decreased in B[a]P-treated C. farreri. Vitellogenin (Vtg), an estrogen-mediated gene involved in ovarian development, was down-regulated by B[a]P. Furthermore, ovarian histology was investigated to clarify the impairment of B[a]P on ovaries at growing stage and mature stage. Overall, the present results elucidated the anti-estrogenic mechanisms along the steroidogenic pathway and estrogen signaling pathway for the stage-dependent endocrine-disrupting effects of B[a]P. This finding provides important information regarding to the underlying molecular mechanisms of B[a]P-induced endocrine disruption in different reproductive stages of bivalves. In addition, the adverse effects should be taken into concertation during protection of bivalves germplasm resources and comprehensive evaluation of ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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12
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Ovarian transcriptome analysis of Mactra chinensis provides insights into genes expressed during the intermediate and ripening stages. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Estradiol-17β and testosterone levels during the annual reproductive cycle of in Mytilus coruscus. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 196:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Schwarz TI, Katsiadaki I, Maskrey BH, Scott AP. Uptake and metabolism of water-borne progesterone by the mussel, Mytilus spp. (Mollusca). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:13-21. [PMID: 29107179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mussels can pick up 17β-estradiol [E2] and testosterone [T] from water, metabolize them and conjugate them to fatty acids (esterification), leading to their accumulation in tissue. A key requirement for the esterification process is that a steroid must have a 'reactive' hydroxyl group to conjugate to a fatty acid (which in T, and probably E2, is the β-hydroxyl group on carbon 17). Progesterone (P) lacks any hydroxyl groups and theoretically cannot be esterified and hence should not accumulate in mussels in the same way as E2 or T. However, it is already known that mussels have an enzyme that can achieve 5α-reduction of the A ring of T and P and that there is also another reductase that can transform the 3-oxo group of the 5α-reduced A ring of T into a hydroxyl group. We hypothesized that, although intact P cannot be directly esterified, it might nevertheless be transformed into metabolites that can. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the rate and capacity of uptake, metabolism and potential depuration of tritiated P by the common mussel, Mytilus spp. We found that tritiated P was taken up from water at a similar rate to E2 and T (mean clearance rate 49mL-1 animal-1h-1) and that, as found with the other steroids, the rate of uptake could not be saturated by the addition of non-radioactive steroid (even at 7.6μgL-1). We found that up to 66% of the radioactivity that was taken up was present in the ester fraction, suggesting that hydroxylation of the P must indeed have occurred. We then definitively identified two metabolites in the ester fraction: 5α-pregnane-3β,20β-diol and 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one. These same two steroids were also present in the free steroid fraction. Intact P was not detected in either of the fractions. When undergoing depuration (under semi-static conditions), the radioactivity in the ester fractions remained at the same concentration in the animals for at least 10 days. Our findings suggest that the lack of reactive hydroxyl groups on P does not preclude it from being taken up, metabolized and subsequently stored. Many questions remain, not least of which is why, when P seems to be so rapidly metabolized, two previous studies on mussels have reported concentrations of up to 30ngg-1 wet weight of P in their flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar I Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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15
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Mezghani-Chaari S, Machreki-Ajimi M, Hamza-Chaffai A, Minier C. High estradiol exposure disrupts the reproductive cycle of the clam Ruditapes decussatus in a sex-specific way. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26670-26680. [PMID: 28956239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve species may be susceptible to environmental estrogenic compounds including estradiol (E2). However, they are able to biotransform the hormone quite readily and inactivate its estrogenic action. To study the long-term effects of elevated free E2 tissue levels, we transiently exceeded the biotransformation capacity of the clam Ruditapes decussatus by exposing them with high E2 concentrations (400 ng/L) and subsequently study the consequences on gametogenesis during the following reproductive cycle. Exposure to 400 ngE2/L led to a significant increase in tissue free E2 levels, which reached 10-50 ng E2Eq/gww. No deleterious effect on gonado-somatic index (GSI), condition index (CI), or ability to respond to the stress on stress test could be detected after a month of exposure, suggesting the absence of negative effects on the clam's health. However, a marked increase in gametogenesis could be observed in both sexes during the exposure. Subsequent transplantation of the clams in the field allowed the normal development of the male clams and maturation of the gonads without any detrimental effect observed after 4 months. In contrast, in early July, all female clams formerly exposed to E2 showed lower health status, and only ovaries with atretic oocytes while all control and indigenous females were normal and mature. These results show a sex-specific effect of high E2 exposure and suggest either a direct or indirect role for E2 in R. decussatus' reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssan Mezghani-Chaari
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Normandie University, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, France.
| | - Monia Machreki-Ajimi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Normandie University, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, France
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16
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Liu P, Miao J, Song Y, Pan L, Yin P. Effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodipheny ether (BDE-47) on gonadogenesis of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:178-186. [PMID: 29096091 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reported adverse effects of Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on gonadogenesis in fish may also occur in marine bivalves especially the burrowing species such as manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. In this study, clams were exposed to BDE-47 for 25days at 0, 0.1 and 1μg/L. By using the water temperature control method, gonadal maturation from resting to ripe stage were observed successively in both the control and the treatment groups during 25days. The results showed that exposure to BDE-47 at concentration below 1μg/L did not delay the gonadogenesis process of the clam R. philippinarum, and no evidence of adverse effects of BDE-47 on clam gonadal histology was observed. However, exposure to 1μg/L BDE-47 caused significant decreases of haemolymph testosterone levels in both female and male clams at day 5 and day 15. The mRNA expression of 3β-HSD in females exposed to BDE-47 was significantly decreased at day 5, while mRNA expression of 17β-HSD and CYP17 was not significantly changed in either sex. Exposure to BDE-47 also resulted in up-regulation of the mRNA expression of vitellogenin (Vtg) in both sexes and spermatogenesis associated protein 4-homolog (SAP4) in males. These results suggest a potential contribution of BDE-47 to reproductive disruption in the manila clams, especially in males. This study demonstrates the promising utility of water temperature control method in conjunction with histological endpoints and biomarkers such as mRNA levels of Vtg in determining the reproductive disturbances caused by EDCs on bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Ying Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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17
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Schwarz TI, Katsiadaki I, Maskrey BH, Scott AP. Mussels (Mytilus spp.) display an ability for rapid and high capacity uptake of the vertebrate steroid, estradiol-17β from water. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:407-420. [PMID: 27568213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Six experiments were carried out to define the optimum conditions for investigating the dynamics of uptake and metabolism of tritiated E2 from water by adult blue mussels, Mytilus spp. Optimum uptake was achieved using 400mL aerated sea water animal-1 and an incubation period of no more than 24h. The pattern of disappearance conformed closest to an inverse hyperbolic curve with the percentage of radiolabel that could be measured in the water reaching an asymptote that was on average 50% of the original. This apparent inability of the animals to absorb all the radiolabel was investigated further. Solvent partition and chromatography revealed that, after 24h, c. 60% of the radiolabel still present in the water was composed of water soluble conjugates, c. 25% was composed of tritiated water and only 15% ran on and around the chromatographic position of E2. The major water soluble constituent was identified by chromatography and mass-spectrometry as 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17β-diol 3-sulfate (estradiol 3-S). The clearance rate of radiolabel was 46.9±1.8mLanimal-1h-1. This was not significantly affected by the addition of as much as 25μgL-1 cold E2 to the water, demonstrating that mussels have a large capacity for E2 uptake. A new procedure involving solvent partition was developed for separating the free, esterified and sulfated forms of E2 present in the flesh of mussels. This involved extracting the soft tissue with organic solvents and then treating a portion of dried extract with a combination of heptane (dissolved fatty acid esters of E2) and 80% ethanol (dissolved free and sulfated E2). The latter fraction was further partitioned between water (sulfate) and diethyl ether (free steroid). This procedure was much cheaper and less time-consuming than chromatography. Approximately 80% of the radioactivity that was taken up by the animals was present in the form of ester. Moreover, E2 was the only steroid identified after saponification of these esters. Of the remaining radioactivity, c. 10% was in the form of unidentified free steroids and c. 10% was estradiol 3-S. In order to determine how rapidly mussels were able to depurate tritiated E2 and its metabolites, two experiments were carried out. Animals from the first experiment purged up to 63% of radioactivity in 20days under flow-through conditions; whereas animals from the second experiment released only 16% of radioactivity in 10days under semi-static conditions. The ratios of the different forms of E2 did not change substantially during the course of depuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar I Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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18
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Song Y, Miao J, Cai Y, Pan L. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like cDNA in the clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Teaniniuraitemoana V, Leprêtre M, Levy P, Vanaa V, Parrad S, Gaertner-Mazouni N, Gueguen Y, Huvet A, Le Moullac G. Effect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oysterPinctada margaritifera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 325:13-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaihiti Teaniniuraitemoana
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Maxime Leprêtre
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Peva Levy
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Vanaa
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Sophie Parrad
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni
- Université de la Polynésie Française, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex CORAIL; Faa'a Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- Ifremer; UMR 5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnement (IHPE); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer; UMR 6539 Laboratoire des sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR); ZI de la Pointe du Diable; Plouzané France
| | - Gilles Le Moullac
- Ifremer; UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO); Labex CORAIL; Centre du Pacifique; Taravao Tahiti French Polynesia
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20
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Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 183:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Tian S, Pan L, Tao Y, Sun X. Environmentally relevant concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene affect steroid levels and affect gonad of male scallop Chlamys farreri. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:150-156. [PMID: 25637750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexually mature male Chlamys farreri were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene for 10 days at four concentrations at 0, 0.025, 0.5 and 10 μg/L. Fluctuations in sex steroids during the exposure period were observed, which indicated that sex steroids have a role in gamete development. Exposure to B[a]P altered levels of 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. Furthermore, B[a]P treatments induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner on spermary of scallop and led to delayed development and damaged spermatid in germinal epithelium of spermary. Overall, B[a]P affected the steroid levels and induced gonadal toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yanxia Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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22
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Zheng BH, An LH, Chang H, Liu Y, Jiang ZQ. Evidence for the presence of sex steroid hormones in Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:199-206. [PMID: 24662324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To obtain evidence of the presence of sex steroid hormones in mollusks, hormone variation in the gonads of the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. These were found, as expected, with concentrations of estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in the testes ranging from not detected (ND) to 0.07 ± 0.10, ND to 3.10 ± 2.00, and ND to 2.67 ± 1.55 ng/g wet weight, respectively. In the ovaries, these hormones ranged from ND to 2.45 ± 1.22, ND to 27.90 ± 4.23, and ND to 2.38 ± 1.56 ng/g ww, respectively. The levels of T in males and E2 in females followed a trend similar to the gonadal-somatic index over the course of the reproductive period. In addition, the gene expression of vitellogenin and calmodulin-2 showed similar patterns to T and E2, while the estrogen receptors and calmodulin-1 did not. These results indicate that sex steroids are present in the scallop and that they may regulate endocrine functions during the reproductive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Li-Hui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiang
- Key laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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23
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Yang D, Ma X. Variations of estradiol-17β and testosterone levels correlated with gametogenesis in the gonad of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) during annual reproductive cycle. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To assess the potential roles of sex steroids in modulating reproductive processes in the Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri (Jones and Preston, 1904)), variations in estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T) levels in gonads were examined monthly from January to December 2012 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean concentrations of E2 and T in gonads ranged from 75.07 to 666.24 pg/g and from 91.09 to 506.28 pg/g, respectively. Concentrations of E2 were significantly higher in ovaries than in testes, while T concentrations were higher in testes than in ovaries during gametogenesis. Concentrations of E2 in females and T in males increased with development and maturation of gonad, attained the highest value before spawning, and decreased rapidly after spawning. A positive correlation between E2 levels and oocyte diameters (r = 0.743, P < 0.05, n = 25) was observed, suggesting that E2 may play a role in oogenesis. These findings indicate that E2 and T, which are highly correlated with the reproductive cycle, may play an important role in sex determination, sex differentiation, gametogenesis, and spawning in C. farreri.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - X. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - D. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - X. Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Tian S, Pan L, Sun X. An investigation of endocrine disrupting effects and toxic mechanisms modulated by benzo[a]pyrene in female scallop Chlamys farreri. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:162-171. [PMID: 24185101 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the endocrine disrupting effects induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and explore the underlying mechanisms in mollusks. In this study, sexually mature female Chlamys farreri were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene for 10 days at four different concentrations as 0, 0.025, 0.5 and 10 μg/L. Sex steroids were identified and quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method and results showed that exposure to B[a]P exerts great suppression on 17β-estradiol, testosterone production and disrupts progesterone levels in ovary. Transcription of genes were detected and measured by real-time RT-PCR. It showed that at day 10 B[a]P inhibited 3 β-HSD, CYP17 and 17β-HSD mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, which suggests that they could be potential targets of B[a]P that disrupt steroidogenic machinery. Moreover, 0.025 μg/L B[a]P activated transcription of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), CYP1A1 and estrogen receptor (ER), while 10 μg/L B[a]P suppressed all of them. The consistency of their responses to B[a]P exposure implies that AHR action may be involved in invertebrate CYP regulation and ER transcription despite of unknown mechanisms. Additionally, B[a]P exposure could induce ovarian impairment and developmental delay in C. farreri. Overall, sensitivity of C. farreri to endocrine disruption and toxicity suggests that C. farreri is a suitable species for study of endocrine-disrupting effects in marine invertebrates. This study will form a solid basis for a realistic extrapolation of endocrine disrupting effects across taxonomic groups and phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Giusti A, Joaquim-Justo C. Esterification of vertebrate like steroids in molluscs: a target of endocrine disruptors? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:187-98. [PMID: 24004916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the reproductive organs of gastropod molluscs exposed to pollutants have been reported in natural populations for more than 40 years. In some cases, these impacts have been linked to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are known to induce adverse impacts on vertebrates, mainly by direct binding to steroid receptors or by altering hormone synthesis. Investigations on the mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors in molluscs show that EDCs induce modifications of endogenous titres of androgens (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione) and oestrogens (e.g., 17ß-oestradiol). Alterations of the activity of enzymes related to steroid metabolism (i.e., cytochrome P-450 aromatase, acyltransferases) are also often observed. In bivalves and gastropods, fatty acid esterification of steroids might constitute the major regulation of androgen and oestrogen homeostasis. The present review indicates that metabolism of steroid hormones to fatty acid esters might be a target of synthetic EDCs. Alterations of this process would impact the concentrations of free, potentially bioactive, form of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Giusti
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liège University, 15 Allée du 6 août, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Giusti A, Ducrot V, Joaquim-Justo C, Lagadic L. Testosterone levels and fecundity in the hermaphroditic aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to testosterone and endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1740-1745. [PMID: 23564527 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are known to alter endogenous free and esterified levels of androgenic and estrogenic steroid hormones in aquatic mollusks. The origin of steroids in these animals, however, remains controversial. In the present study, free and esterified testosterone concentrations were measured in the hermaphroditic aquatic gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to molecules known for their androgenic (testosterone and tributyltin), anti-androgenic (cyproterone-acetate), and estrogenic (chlordecone) properties, by reference to their mode of action in vertebrates. In parallel, snail oviposition and fecundity were followed over a 21-d exposure period. Testosterone exposure resulted in increased esterified testosterone levels, whereas free testosterone concentrations remained stable. In contrast, cyproterone-acetate significantly increased the free form of testosterone with no changes in the esterified form, whereas chlordecone showed a tendency to reduce (though not significantly) esterified testosterone concentrations without changing free testosterone levels. Finally, tributyltin did not alter testosterone homeostasis. The production of egg clutches and eggs was significantly reduced only in the snails exposed to the highest concentrations of chlordecone (19.6 µg/L) and tributyltin (94.2 ng Sn/L). Overall, the present study demonstrates that uptake of testosterone from the exposure medium occurs in L. stagnalis. Moreover, it shows that cyproterone-acetate and, to a lesser extent, chlordecone can alter endogenous testosterone levels in this freshwater snail. However, the relationship between hormonal changes and snail reproduction has not been established. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1740-1745. © 2013 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Giusti
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liege University, Liège, Belgium
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Scott AP. Do mollusks use vertebrate sex steroids as reproductive hormones? Part I: Critical appraisal of the evidence for the presence, biosynthesis and uptake of steroids. Steroids 2012; 77:1450-68. [PMID: 22960651 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The consensus view is that vertebrate-type steroids are present in mollusks and perform hormonal roles which are similar to those that they play in vertebrates. Although vertebrate steroids can be measured in molluscan tissues, a key question is 'Are they formed endogenously or they are picked up from their environment?'. The present review concludes that there is no convincing evidence for biosynthesis of vertebrate steroids by mollusks. Furthermore, the 'mollusk' genome does not contain the genes for key enzymes that are necessary to transform cholesterol in progressive steps into vertebrate-type steroids; nor does the mollusk genome contain genes for functioning classical nuclear steroid receptors. On the other hand, there is very strong evidence that mollusks are able to absorb vertebrate steroids from the environment; and are able to store some of them (by conjugating them to fatty acids) for weeks to months. It is notable that the three steroids that have been proposed as functional hormones in mollusks (i.e. progesterone, testosterone and 17β-estradiol) are the same as those of humans. Since humans (and indeed all vertebrates) continuously excrete steroids not just via urine and feces, but via their body surface (and, in fish, via the gills), it is impossible to rule out contamination as the sole reason for the presence of vertebrate steroids in mollusks (even in animals kept under supposedly 'clean laboratory conditions'). Essentially, the presence of vertebrate steroids in mollusks cannot be taken as reliable evidence of either endogenous biosynthesis or of an endocrine role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
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Zapater C, Chauvigné F, Scott AP, Gómez A, Katsiadaki I, Cerdà J. Piscine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Triggers Progestin Production in Gilthead Seabream Primary Ovarian Follicles1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:111. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Mahmoud N, Dellali M, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E. Acute toxicities of cadmium and permethrin on the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases of Hexaplex trunculus from Bizerta Lagoon, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5851-5861. [PMID: 22006263 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine gastropods, exposed to anthropogenic pollution, accumulate high chemical concentrations in their tissues, especially in the digestive glands. An evaluation of the impacts of cadmium (Cd) and permethrin (Perm), coupled with reproductive events (pre-spawning and post-spawning phase) throughout the year, was attempted by measuring catalase (CAT), a biomarker of defence, on Hexaplex trunculus experimentally exposed for 48 or 96 h. Specimens of gastropods were sampled from Bizerta Lagoon (Tunisia). The results show that CAT activity increased in gastropods exposed to the three cadmium concentrations (C1 Cd, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Cd, 200 μg L(-1); and C3 Cd, 300 μg L(-1)) and to the three permethrin doses (C1 Perm, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Perm, 150 μg L(-1); and C3 Perm, 200 μg L(-1)) tested. A decrease in CAT was noted in the digestive gland of the H. trunculus exposed to permethrin at the concentration of 200 μg L(-1) during the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases. H. trunculus in post-spawning was more sensitive to cadmium and permethrin than in the pre-spawning phase. The biochemical responses to pollutants (cadmium and permethrin) represented by CAT may act as a biomarker of exposure in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Development, validation and comparison of LC–MS/MS and RIA methods for quantification of vertebrates-like sex-steroids in prosobranch molluscs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1487-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dévier MH, Labadie P, Togola A, Budzinski H. Simple methodology coupling microwave-assisted extraction to SPE/GC/MS for the analysis of natural steroids in biological tissues: Application to the monitoring of endogenous steroids in marine mussels Mytilus sp. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 657:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ketata I, Denier X, Hamza-Chaffai A, Minier C. Endocrine-related reproductive effects in molluscs. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:261-70. [PMID: 18282745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Research on endocrine disruption has been a major topic of the past decade. Although most studies concentrated on vertebrate species, invertebrates are now gaining more attention. In particular, data on molluscs is increasing. One of the best-documented and more relevant examples of endocrine disruption is the imposex phenomenon affecting some gastropod species. But the increasing interest is also due to the fact that molluscs, especially bivalves, are good bioindicators used for decades in environmental studies and that progress have been made in the understanding of the physiology and endocrinology of some mollusc species. Recent results suggest that molluscs can be adversely affected by compounds that alter their reproduction and that vertebrate-type sex-steroids metabolism or mechanism of action could be involved in these effects. Nevertheless, the endocrine system of molluscs appears to be dissimilar in many aspects to those of vertebrates and sex-steroids might not have the same importance in all mollusc species. This diversity constitutes an important opportunity to examine and understand new and alternative mechanisms for endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ketata
- Ecotoxicologie Marine, UR 09-03, Université de Sfax, IPEIS, BP 805, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Ketata I, Smaoui-Damak W, Guermazi F, Rebai T, Hamza-Chaffai A. In situ endocrine disrupting effects of cadmium on the reproduction of Ruditapes decussatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:415-30. [PMID: 17611166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The gulf of Gabès is well known for its multiple contaminations which are closely associated with the past and present industrial and anthropogenic activity. In order to evaluate in situ the cadmium bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes decussatus sampled in this area, we measured cadmium concentrations in the whole soft tissues and in the digestive gland during one year. Energy reserves (proteins, glycogen, lipids) were monitored during gametogenesis in the remainder (mantle, adductor muscle, foot, siphons) of clams. Sex steroids (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol-17beta) were also measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) in the gonads. The results showed that cadmium varied according to the reproductive cycle. High values were recorded at the resting stage in both sexes, during the gamete development and maturation in males and at the ripening and partially spawn stages in females. No significant changes in protein levels were observed in both females and males. However, high levels of glycogen and lipid reserves were recorded during the gametogenesis activity (from the development to the partially spawn stages). For steroid analyses, the results showed no important changes in testosterone levels all along the reproductive cycle. Fluctuations of sex steroids (especially progesterone and estradiol-17beta) could suggest their possible role as endogenous modulators of gametogenesis in R. decussatus. Correlation matrix and multiple regression models were also proposed to describe negative and significant relationship between cadmium and (glycogen, progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17beta). These correlations may suggest the involvement of cadmium in the dysfunction of energy status and the endocrine disruption which could impede reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ketata
- Ecotoxicologie Marine, UR 09-03, Université de Sfax, IPEIS, BP 805, 3018 Sfax, and Service nucléaire, Hôpital Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia
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