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Zhong QM, Wang JL. Seasonal flexibility of kidney structure and factors regulating water and salt in Eremias multiocellata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 274:111301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Camila A, Mariano GC, Alejandra LM. Prejuveniles of Mugil liza (Actinopterygii; Fam. Mugilidae) show digestive and metabolic flexibility upon different postprandial times and refeeding. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:561-573. [PMID: 35513525 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many animals face periods of feeding restrictions implying fasting and refeeding. The determination of digestive/metabolic and body condition parameters at different times of food deprivation and after refeeding allows to evaluate the postprandial dynamics, the transition from feeding to fasting and the capacity to reverse digestive and metabolic alterations. In spite of its physiological importance, studies on estuarine-dependent detritivore fish are lacking. We determined total mass (TM), relative intestine length (RIL), hepatosomatic index (HSI), digestive enzymes activities in the intestine and energy reserves in liver and muscle at 0, 24, 72, 144 and 240 h after feeding and at 72 h after refeeding in prejuveniles of Mugil liza (Mugilidae) as a model species. After feeding, a decrease occurred in: TM (144 h, 25%), RIL (144 h, 23%); amylase and maltase (72 h, 45 and 35%), sucrase (24 h, 40%) and lipase (24 h, 70%) in intestine; glycogen and free glucose (72 h, 90 and 92%) in liver. In muscle, glycogen (72-144 h) and free glucose (144 h) (170% and 165%, respectively) peak increased; triglycerides decreased at 24-240 h (50%). After refeeding TM, RIL, carbohydrases activities in intestine, glycogen and free glucose in liver were recovered. In muscle, glycogen and free glucose were similar to 0 h; lipase activity and triglycerides were not recovered. Trypsin and APN in intestine, triglycerides in liver, protein in liver and muscle and HSI did not change. The differential modulation of key components of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism after feeding/refeeding would allow to face fasting and recover body condition. Our results improve lacking knowledge about digestive and metabolic physiology of detritivore fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albanesi Camila
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - González-Castro Mariano
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - López-Mañanes Alejandra
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Coppola F, Sagona S, Betti L, Palego L, Casini L, Giannaccini G, Felicioli A. Preliminary investigation on enzymatic activity in saliva of Hystrix cristata L., 1758. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:387-394. [PMID: 34288168 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mammal's saliva contains a variety of electrolytes and proteins. They carry out an important role in the digestion process, in the antibacterial and antiviral activity, in lubrication and maintenance of oral general health status. It may also contain several enzymes according to dietary habits and general wellness. Sialochemistry is a valid alternative to the haematochemical analysis for the evaluation of animal health and nutritional status. At present, very little knowledge is available on health status and pathology of crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) and no data are yet available on salivary enzymes. Between 2018 and 2020, a preliminary investigation of enzymatic activity on saliva samples was carried out from captured porcupines. In crested porcupine saliva, enzymatic activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, N-Aminopeptidase, amylase, lignin peroxidise, cellulase and chitinase were recorded. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and alkaline phosphatase activity was also detected. The superoxide dismutase activity resulted higher (3.13 SD 3.58 U/mg proteins) than those of catalase (130.80 SD 110.65 mU/mg proteins) and glutathione S-transferase (20.21 SD 16.62 mM/mg proteins). Alkaline phosphatase activity resulted lower (5.91 SD 6.12 mU/mg proteins) than acidic phosphatase (19.00 SD 16.16 U/mg proteins) with the highest values of saliva alkaline phosphatases recorded in young individuals. These preliminary data bring new knowledge on crested porcupine saliva enzymes and may provide a useful tool for further investigation on the adaptive response of crested porcupine to different environmental condition and diet. Additional investigation concerning a possible alternative use of saliva enzymes as indicator of health and nutritional status of this rodent are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lionella Palego
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Casini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
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Lopes CM, De Barba M, Boyer F, Mercier C, Galiano D, Kubiak BB, Maestri R, da Silva Filho PJS, Gielly L, Coissac E, de Freitas TRO, Taberlet P. Ecological specialization and niche overlap of subterranean rodents inferred from DNA metabarcoding diet analysis. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3144-3154. [PMID: 32654383 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of how animal species use food resources available in the environment can increase our understanding of many ecological processes. However, obtaining this information using traditional methods is difficult for species feeding on a large variety of food items in highly diverse environments. We amplified the DNA of plants for 306 scat and 40 soil samples, and applied an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach to investigate food preferences, degree of diet specialization and diet overlap of seven herbivore rodent species of the genus Ctenomys distributed in southern and midwestern Brazil. The metabarcoding approach revealed that these species consume more than 60% of the plant families recovered in soil samples, indicating generalist feeding habits of ctenomyids. The family Poaceae was the most common food resource retrieved in scats of all species as well in soil samples. Niche overlap analysis indicated high overlap in the plant families and molecular operational taxonomic units consumed, mainly among the southern species. Interspecific differences in diet composition were influenced, among other factors, by the availability of resources in the environment. In addition, our results provide support for the hypothesis that the allopatric distributions of ctenomyids allow them to exploit the same range of resources when available, possibly because of the absence of interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins Lopes
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta De Barba
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Mercier
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Busnello Kubiak
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renan Maestri
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ludovic Gielly
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Coissac
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Trypsin and N-aminopeptidase (APN) activities in the hepatopancreas of an intertidal euryhaline crab: Biochemical characteristics and differential modulation by histamine and salinity. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:228-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Biochemical characteristics and modulation by external and internal factors of aminopeptidase-N activity in the hepatopancreas of a euryhaline burrowing crab. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:501-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cortés PA, Franco M, Sabat P, Quijano SA, Nespolo RF. Bioenergetics and intestinal phenotypic flexibility in the microbiotherid marsupial (Dromiciops gliroides) from the temperate forest in South America. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:117-24. [PMID: 21627996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microbiotherid marsupial Dromiciops gliroides inhabits the temperate forests of the Southern hemisphere, facing seasonal nutritional and energetic bottlenecks due to its apparently facultative insectivory/frugivory. In order to understand the physiological processes behind this ecological pattern, we studied the morpho-physiological changes that D. gliroides exhibits after dietary acclimation, in a sample of 21 wild-caught individuals fed over 1 month with ad libitum diet of: (1) fruit, (2) insects or (3) a mix of insects and fruit. In addition, we measured oxygen consumption (VO(2)) at resting conditions. We also performed enzyme assays (sucrase, maltase, trehalase and aminopeptidase N) and measurements of organ morphology. We found that D. gliroides cannot fulfil its nutrient requirements only from insects or fruit. It needs a mixed diet in order to maintain its body mass and energy balance. However, as a response of diet acclimation, individuals showed several-fold changes in the activities of aminopeptidase-N, maltase and sucrase (but not trehalase). This result, both the magnitude of change and the simultaneous effects on three enzymes suggests that D. gliroides could exhibit adaptive phenotypic plasticity in the activity of intestinal enzymes. This study suggests also that D. gliroides, the only living representative of the Microbiotheria order, exhibits physiological adaptations to a generalist diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Cortés
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias,Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Pinoni SA, Iribarne O, Mañanes AAL. Between-habitat comparison of digestive enzymes activities and energy reserves in the SW Atlantic euryhaline burrowing crab Neohelice granulata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:552-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Del Valle JC, López Mañanes AA. Digestive flexibility in females of the subterranean rodent ctenomys talarum in their natural habitat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 315:141-148. [PMID: 21370482 DOI: 10.1002/jez.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied the occurrence of digestive strategies at different levels in females of the subterranean herbivorous rodent Ctenomys talarum living in their natural habitat. We determined the dimensions of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and organs along as the activity of key digestive enzymes(sucrase, maltase and N-aminopeptidase) in small intestine in females seasonally caught. Females of C. talarum did not show seasonal variations in the mass of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In nonreproductive females large intestine was longer in autumn, whereas reproductive females did not show seasonal variations in the length of the different parts of the gut. Females of C. talarum exhibited a high sucrose, maltase and N-aminopeptidase activity in small intestine, although these activities were higher in small intestine of females caught in autumn (nonreproductive) than in females caught in winter (reproductive). The results show that C. talarum females exhibit characteristics in the gut at the morphological and biochemical level, which could represent digestive strategies to face the constraints imposed by their costly particular way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana C Del Valle
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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