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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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2
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Offor BC, Piater LA. Snake venom toxins: Potential anticancer therapeutics. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:666-685. [PMID: 37697914 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom contains a cocktail of compounds dominated by proteins and peptides, which make up the toxin. The toxin components of snake venom attack several targets in the human body including the neuromuscular system, kidney and blood coagulation system and cause pathologies. As such, the venom toxins can be managed and used for the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, Captopril used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was the first animal venom toxin-based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Cancers cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to side effects associated with the current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery, there is a need to improve the efficacy of current treatments and/or develop novel drugs from natural sources including animal toxin-based drugs. There is a long history of earlier and ongoing studies implicating snake venom toxins as potential anticancer therapies. Here, we review the role of crude snake venoms and toxins including phospholipase A2, L-amino acid oxidase, C-type lectin and disintegrin as potential anticancer agents tested in cancer cell lines and animal tumour models in comparison to normal cell lines. Some of the anti-tumour activities of snake venom toxins include induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. We thus propose the advancement of multidisciplinary approaches to more pre-clinical and clinical studies for enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of snake venom toxin-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Offor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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3
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Marinho AD, Lucena da Silva E, Jullyanne de Sousa Portilho A, Lacerda Brasil de Oliveira L, Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra E, Maria Dias Nogueira B, Leitão-Araújo M, Lúcia Machado-Alves M, Correa Neto C, Seabra Ferreira R, de Fátima Aquino Moreira-Nunes C, Elisabete Amaral de Moraes M, Jorge RJB, Montenegro RC. Three snake venoms from Bothrops genus induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in K562 human leukemic cell line. Toxicon 2024; 238:107547. [PMID: 38065258 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is indisputably one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Snake venoms are a potential source of bioactive compounds, complex mixtures constituted mainly of proteins and peptides with several pharmacological possibilities, including the potential to inhibit tumoral cell growth. In the present study, it was evaluated the antitumor effect of crude venom of Bothrops erythromelas (BeV), Bothrops jararaca (from Southern and Southeastern- BjsV and BjsdV, respectively) and Bothrops alternatus (BaV) in in vitro Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cancer cell line model. After 24 h of cell exposure to 10 and 50 μg/mL, BjsV, BjsdV, and BaV exerted a decrease in cell viability in both concentrations. BeV was not cytotoxic and, therefore wasn't chosen for further mechanism of action investigation. Furthermore, morphological alterations show modification typical of apoptosis. Also, was observes a significant cell cycle arrest in the S phase by BjsdV and BaV treatment. Flow cytometry evidenced the involvement of changes in the cell membrane permeability and the mitochondrial function by BjsV and BjsdV, corroborating with the triggering of the apoptotic pathway by the venom administration. BjsV, BjsdV, and BaV also led to extensive DNA damage and were shown to modulate the gene expression of transcripts related to the cell cycle progression and suppress the expression of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. Altogether, these findings suggest that the venoms trigger the apoptosis pathway due to mitochondrial damage and cell cycle arrest, with modulation of intracellular pathways important for CML progression. Thus, indicating the pharmacological potential of these venoms in the development of new antitumoral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adrhyann Jullyanne de Sousa Portilho
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Laís Lacerda Brasil de Oliveira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maria Dias Nogueira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moema Leitão-Araújo
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia de Porto Alegre, Dr. Salvador França St., 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Machado-Alves
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia de Porto Alegre, Dr. Salvador França St., 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Correa Neto
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Maestro José Botelho St., 64, 24230-410, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, César Pernetta St., 1573-1675, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros St., 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Fátima Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Nystrom GS, Ellsworth SA, Rokyta DR. The remarkably enzyme-rich venom of the Big Bend Scorpion (Diplocentrus whitei). Toxicon 2023; 226:107080. [PMID: 36907567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Scorpion venoms have long been studied for their peptide discovery potential, with modern high-throughput venom-characterization techniques paving the way for the discovery of thousands of novel putative toxins. Research into these toxins has provided insight into the pathology and treatment of human diseases, even resulting in the development of one compound with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Although most of this research has focused on the toxins of scorpion species considered medically significant to humans, the venom of harmless scorpion species possess toxins that are homologous to those from medically significant species, indicating that harmless scorpion venoms may also serve as valuable sources of novel peptide variants. Furthermore, as harmless scorpions represent a vast majority of scorpion species diversity, and therefore venom toxin diversity, venoms from these species likely contain entirely new toxin classes. We sequenced the venom-gland transcriptome and venom proteome of two male Big Bend scorpions (Diplocentrus whitei), providing the first high-throughput venom characterization for a member of this genus. We identified a total of 82 toxins in the venom of D. whitei, 25 of which were identified in both the transcriptome and proteome, and 57 of which were only identified in the transcriptome. Furthermore, we identified a unique, enzyme-rich venom dominated by serine proteases and the first arylsulfatase B toxins identified in scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar S Nystrom
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Schyler A Ellsworth
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Darin R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: Insights into venom cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:193-230. [PMID: 36707202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake envenomation is listed as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) by World Health Organization, indicates a severe public health problem. The global figures for envenomation cases are estimated to be more than 1.8 million annually. Even if the affected victims survive the envenomation, they might suffer from permanent morbidity due to local envenomation. One of the most prominent local envenomation is dermonecrosis. Dermonecrosis is a pathophysiological outcome of envenomation that often causes disability in the victims due to surgical amputations, deformities, contracture, and chronic ulceration. The key venom toxins associated with this local symptom are mainly attributed to substantial levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins as well as their possible synergistic actions. Despite so, the severity of the local tissue damage is based on macroscopic observation of the bite areas. Furthermore, limited knowledge is known about the key biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis. The current immunotherapy with antivenom is also ineffective against dermonecrosis. These local effects eventually end up as sequelae. There is also a global shortage of toxins-targeted therapeutics attributed to inadequate knowledge of the actual molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This chapter discusses the characterization of secretory phenotypes of dermonecrosis as an advanced tool to indicate its severity and pathogenesis in envenomation. Altogether, the secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells and tissues represent the precise characteristics of dermonecrosis caused by venom toxins.
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Experimental Bothrops atrox Envenomation: Blood Plasma Proteome Effects after Local Tissue Damage and Perspectives on Thromboinflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090613. [PMID: 36136550 PMCID: PMC9503785 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Bothrops atrox envenoming involve local and systemic changes, among which edema requires substantial attention due to its ability to progress to compartmental syndromes and sometimes cause tissue loss and amputations. However, the impact of edema on the poisoned body’s system has not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the systemic pathological and inflammatory events that are altered by intraplantar injection of B. atrox venom in a mouse model through hematologic, lipidic, and shotgun proteomics analysis. Plasma samples collected showed a greater abundance of proteins related to complement, coagulation, lipid system, platelet and neutrophil degranulation, and pathways related to cell death and ischemic tolerance. Interestingly, some proteins, in particular, Prdx2 (peroxiredoxin 2), Hba (hemoglobin subunit alpha), and F9 (Factor IX), increased according to the amount of venom injected. Our findings support that B. atrox venom activates multiple blood systems that are involved in thromboinflammation, an observation that may have implications for the pathophysiological progression of envenomations. Furthermore, we report for the first time a potential role of Prdx2, Hba, and F9 as potential markers of the severity of edema/inflammation in mice caused by B. atrox.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Literature in Snake Venom-Related Research Worldwide (1933–2022). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162058. [PMID: 36009648 PMCID: PMC9405337 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around the world, snake envenomation poses a serious health risk. Proteins with pharmacological effects are present in snake venom. Recent studies elaborate snake venom and its potential application, including as a cancer drug and antibacterial substances. Our study aimed to analyze the global profile of the literature in snake venom research from documents indexed in the Scopus database between 1933 and 2022. In total, 2999 documents were published with Brazil showing the highest productivity. Antivenom, proteomics, and transcriptomics are emerging as hot topics on a global scale. The present study offers a distinctive overview of snake venom research conducted worldwide. Abstract Snake envenomation is a severe economic and health concern affecting countries worldwide. Snake venom carries a wide variety of small peptides and proteins with various immunological and pharmacological properties. A few key research areas related to snake venom, including its applications in treating cancer and eradicating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, have been gaining significant attention in recent years. The goal of the current study was to analyze the global profile of literature in snake venom research. This study presents a bibliometric review of snake venom-related research documents indexed in the Scopus database between 1933 and 2022. The overall number of documents published on a global scale was 2999, with an average annual production of 34 documents. Brazil produced the highest number of documents (n = 729), followed by the United States (n = 548), Australia (n = 240), and Costa Rica (n = 235). Since 1963, the number of publications has been steadily increasing globally. At a worldwide level, antivenom, proteomics, and transcriptomics are growing hot issues for research in this field. The current research provides a unique overview of snake venom research at global level from 1933 through 2022, and it may be beneficial in guiding future research.
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Xiong Y, He Q, Yu X, Li B, Song Z. The anti-ovarian carcinoma activity of L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus venom in vivo and in vitro. Med Oncol 2022; 39:112. [PMID: 35666342 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom L-Amino-acid oxidase (svLAAO) has become a critical research target in molecular biology and medical science since its widespread presence and diverse biological roles, including antitumor application. Our research confirmed that Crotalus adamanteus (C. adamanteus) venom LAAO exhibited potential anti-ovarian cancer activity both in vivo and in vitro. C. adamanteus venom LAAO significantly reduced viability of ovarian cancer cells and caused morphological changes that preceded cell death. The results of molecular biology experiments showed that C. adamanteus venom LAAO caused expression changes of genes related to apoptotic pathways either intrinsically or extrinsically in ovarian cancer cells. Animal experiments and histological analysis also proved that C. adamanteus venom LAAO could effectively inhibit the tissue damage caused by ovarian cancer, and animals treated with C. adamanteus venom LAAO showed higher survival time. Catalase blocked the major apoptosis induction of C. adamanteus venom LAAO on ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of C. adamanteus venom LAAO on ovarian cancer cells was mainly mediated by H2O2. These results infer that C. adamanteus venom LAAO will have some advantages in new drug research and antitumor drug development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiyi He
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Ziwei Song
- Chongqing Vocational College of Media, Chongqing, 400020, China
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Teodoro A, Gonçalves FJ, Oliveira H, Marques S. Venom of Viperidae: A Perspective of its Antibacterial and Antitumor
Potential. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:126-144. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210811164517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and limitations on cancer treatment represent
two important challenges in modern medicine. Biological compounds have been explored with
a particular focus on venoms. Although they can be lethal or cause considerable damage to humans,
venom is also a source rich in components with high therapeutic potential.
:
Viperidae family is one of the most emblematic venomous snake families and several studies highlighted
the antibacterial and antitumor potential of viper toxins. According to the literature, these
activities are mainly associated to five protein families - svLAAO, Disintegrins, PLA2, SVMPs and
C-type lectins- that act through different mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the growth of bacteria,
as well as, cytotoxic effects and inhibition of metastasis process. In this review, we provide
an overview of the venom toxins produced by species belonging to the Viperidae family, exploring
their roles during the envenoming and their pharmacological properties, in order to demonstrate its
antibacterial and antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Teodoro
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J.M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, ELBini-Dhouib I, Souid S, Jebali J, Doghri R, Srairi-Abid N, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Micheau O, Marrakchi N. Pharmacological Investigation of CC-LAAO, an L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Cerastes cerastes Snake Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120904. [PMID: 34941741 PMCID: PMC8704781 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom proteins, which are responsible for deadly snakebite envenomation, induce severe injuries including neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hemorrhage, and the disruption of blood homeostasis. Yet, many snake-venom proteins have been developed as potential drugs for treating human diseases due to their pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated the use of, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Cerastes cerastes snake venom CC-LAAO, as a potential anti-glioblastoma drug, by investigating its in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects. Our results showed that acute exposure to CC-LAAO at 1 and 2.5 µg/mL does not induce significant toxicity on vital organs, as indicated by the murine blood parameters including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and creatinine levels. The histopathological examination demonstrated that only at high concentrations did CC-LAAO induce inflammation and necrosis in several organs of the test subjects. Interestingly, when tested on human glioblastoma U87 cells, CC-LAAO induced a dose-dependent apoptotic effect through the H2O2 generated during the enzymatic reaction. Taken altogether, our data indicated that low concentration of CC-LAAO may be safe and may have potential in the development of anti-glioblastoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (I.E.-D.); (J.J.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ines ELBini-Dhouib
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (I.E.-D.); (J.J.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Soumaya Souid
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (K.E.-B.)
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Jed Jebali
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (I.E.-D.); (J.J.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Département d’Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Salah Azaiez, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (I.E.-D.); (J.J.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (I.E.-D.); (J.J.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Lukasheva EV, Babayeva G, Karshieva SS, Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS. L-Lysine α-Oxidase: Enzyme with Anticancer Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1070. [PMID: 34832852 PMCID: PMC8618108 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-lysine α-oxidase (LO), one of L-amino acid oxidases, deaminates L-lysine with the yield of H2O2, ammonia, and α-keto-ε-aminocaproate. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have reported cytotoxic, antitumor, antimetastatic, and antitumor activity of LO. Unlike asparaginase, LO has a dual mechanism of action: depletion of L-lysine and formation of H2O2, both targeting tumor growth. Prominent results were obtained on murine and human tumor models, including human colon cancer xenografts HCT 116, LS174T, and T47D with maximum T/C 12, 37, and 36%, respectively. The data obtained from human cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice confirm the potential of LO as an agent for colon cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss recently discovered molecular mechanisms of biological action and the potential of LO as anticancer enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Saida Sh. Karshieva
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 1 Olimpiisky Prospect, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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12
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Bhat SK, Joshi MB, Vasishta S, Jagadale RN, Biligiri SG, Coronado MA, Arni RK, Satyamoorthy K. P-I metalloproteinases and L-amino acid oxidases from Bothrops species inhibit angiogenesis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200180. [PMID: 34471403 PMCID: PMC8381740 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake venoms are composed of pharmacologically active proteins that are evolutionarily diverse, stable and specific to targets. Hence, venoms have been explored as a source of bioactive molecules in treating numerous diseases. Recent evidences suggest that snake venom proteins may affect the formation of new blood vessels. Excessive angiogenesis has been implicated in several pathologies including tumours, diabetic retinopathy, arthritis, inter alia. In the present study, we have examined the effects of P-I metalloproteinases isolated from Bothrops moojeni (BmMP-1) and Bothrops atrox (BaMP-1) and L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) isolated from B. moojeni (BmLAAO) and B. atrox (BaLAAO) on biochemical and functional aspects of angiogenesis. METHODS P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO were purified from venom by molecular size exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography and subsequently confirmed using mass spectrometry. The P-I metalloproteinases were characterized by azocaseinolytic, fibrinogenolytic and gelatinase activity and LAAO activity was assessed by enzyme activity on L-amino acids. Influence of these proteins on apoptosis and cell cycle in endothelial cells was analysed by flow cytometry. The angiogenic activity was determined by in vitro 3D spheroid assay, Matrigel tube forming assay, and in vivo agarose plug transformation in mice. RESULTS P-I metalloproteinases exhibited azocaseinolytic activity, cleaved α and partially β chain of fibrinogen, and displayed catalytic activity on gelatin. LAAO showed differential activity on L-amino acids. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that both P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase and further induced both necrosis and apoptosis in endothelial cells. In vitro, P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO exhibited significant anti-angiogenic properties in 3D spheroid and Matrigel models by reducing sprout outgrowth and tube formation. Using agarose plug transplants in mice harbouring P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO we demonstrated a marked disruption of vasculature at the periphery. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO exhibit anti-angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha K. Bhat
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Monika A. Coronado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir K. Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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13
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Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:719-731. [PMID: 32267491 PMCID: PMC7200639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are two major enzymes found in the venoms from most snake species. These enzymes have been structurally and functionally characterised for their pharmacological activities. Both PLA2 and LAAO from different venoms demonstrate considerable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of proliferation. These enzymes produce more pronounced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells than normal cells, thus they can be potential sources as chemotherapeutic agents. It is proposed that PLA2 and LAAO contribute to an elevated oxidative stress due to their catalytic actions, for instance, the ability of PLA2 to produce reactive oxygen species during lipolysis and formation of H2O2 from LAAO catalytic activity which consequently lead to cell death. Nonetheless, the cell-death signalling pathways associated with exposure to these enzymatic toxins are not fully elucidated yet. Here in this review, we will discuss the cytotoxic effects of PLA2 and LAAO in relationship to their catalytic mechanisms and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic actions.
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14
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Burin SM, Cacemiro MDC, Cominal JG, Grandis RAD, Machado ART, Donaires FS, Cintra ACO, Ambrosio L, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. Bothrops moojeni L-amino acid oxidase induces apoptosis and epigenetic modulation on Bcr-Abl + cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200123. [PMID: 33354202 PMCID: PMC7737401 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with
constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. The
deregulated expression of apoptosis-related genes and alteration in
epigenetic machinery may also contribute to apoptosis resistance in CML.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein and are used in
CML treatment. The resistance of CML patients to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
has guided the search for new compounds that may induce apoptosis in
Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells and improve the disease
treatment. Methods: In the present study, we investigated whether the L-amino acid oxidase
isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom (BmooLAAO-I) (i)
was cytotoxic to Bcr-Abl+ cell lines (HL-60.Bcr-Abl, K562-S, and
K562-R), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cells, the non-tumor cell line
HEK-293, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and (ii) affected
epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and microRNAs expression
in vitro. Results: BmooLAAO-I induced ROS production, apoptosis, and differential DNA
methylation pattern of regulatory apoptosis genes. The toxin upregulated
expression of the pro-apoptotic genes BID and
FADD and downregulated DFFA expression
in leukemic cell lines, as well as increased miR-16 expression - whose major
predicted target is the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 - in
Bcr-Abl+ cells. Conclusion: BmooLAAO-I exerts selective antitumor action mediated by
H2O2 release and induces apoptosis, and
alterations in epigenetic mechanisms. These results support future
investigations on the effect of BmooLAAO-I on in vivo
models to determine its potential in CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Sacilotto Donaires
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Cañas CA, Castaño-Valencia S, Castro-Herrera F, Cañas F, Tobón GJ. Biomedical applications of snake venom: from basic science to autoimmunity and rheumatology. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100076. [PMID: 33385156 PMCID: PMC7772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastics. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell's viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
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16
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Boda F, Banfai K, Garai K, Kovacs B, Almasi A, Scheffer D, Sinkler RL, Csonka R, Czompoly T, Kvell K. Effect of Bitis gabonica and Dendroaspis angusticeps snake venoms on apoptosis-related genes in human thymic epithelial cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200057. [PMID: 33402885 PMCID: PMC7745260 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Certain environmental toxins permanently damage the thymic epithelium, accelerate immune senescence and trigger secondary immune pathologies. However, the exact underlying cellular mechanisms and pathways of permanent immune intoxication remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate gene expressional changes of apoptosis-related cellular pathways in human thymic epithelial cells following exposure to snake venom from Bitis gabonica and Dendroaspis angusticeps. Methods: Snake venoms were characterized by analytical methods including reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, then applied on human thymic epithelial cells (1889c) for 24 h at 10 μg/mL (as used in previous TaqMan Array study). Gene expressional changes restricted to apoptosis were assayed by TaqMan Array (Human Apoptosis Plate). Results: The most prominent gene expressional changes were shown by CASP5 (≈ 2.5 million-fold, confirmed by dedicated quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and CARD9 (0.016-fold) for B. gabonica, and BIRC7 (6.46-fold) and CASP1 (0.30-fold) for D. angusticeps. Conclusion: The observed apoptotic environment suggests that pyroptosis may be the dominant pathway through which B. gabonica and D. angusticeps snake venoms trigger thymic epithelial apoptosis following envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisc Boda
- Department F1, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Kovacs
- Department F1, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Almasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dalma Scheffer
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Lambertne Sinkler
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Csonka
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Czompoly
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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17
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Venom Ophthalmia and Ocular Complications Caused by Snake Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090576. [PMID: 32911777 PMCID: PMC7551025 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy's gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.
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18
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Monteiro WM, Contreras-Bernal JC, Bisneto PF, Sachett J, Mendonça da Silva I, Lacerda M, Guimarães da Costa A, Val F, Brasileiro L, Sartim MA, Silva-de-Oliveira S, Bernarde PS, Kaefer IL, Grazziotin FG, Wen FH, Moura-da-Silva AM. Bothrops atrox, the most important snake involved in human envenomings in the amazon: How venomics contributes to the knowledge of snake biology and clinical toxinology. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100037. [PMID: 32550592 PMCID: PMC7285970 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bothrops atrox snakes are mostly endemic of the Amazon rainforest and is certainly the South American pit viper responsible for most of the snakebites in the region. The composition of B. atrox venom is significantly known and has been used to trace the relevance of the venom phenotype for snake biology and for the impacts in the clinics of human patients involved in accidents by B. atrox. However, in spite of the wide distribution and the great medical relevance of B. atrox snakes, B. atrox taxonomy is not fully resolved and the impacts of the lack of taxonomic resolution on the studies focused on venom or envenoming are currently unknown. B. atrox venom presents different degrees of compositional variability and is generally coagulotoxic, inducing systemic hematological disturbances and local tissue damage in snakebite patients. Antivenoms are the effective therapy for attenuating the clinical signs. This review brings a comprehensive discussion of the literature concerning B. atrox snakes encompassing from snake taxonomy, diet and venom composition, towards clinical aspects of snakebite patients and efficacy of the antivenoms. This discussion is highly supported by the contributions that venomics and antivenomics added for the advancement of knowledge of B. atrox snakes, their venoms and the treatment of accidents they evoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jorge Carlos Contreras-Bernal
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferreira Bisneto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iran Mendonça da Silva
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães da Costa
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernando Val
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Sâmella Silva-de-Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Centro Multidisciplinar, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil
| | - Igor L. Kaefer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Sabotič J, Brzin J, Erjavec J, Dreo T, Tušek Žnidarič M, Ravnikar M, Kos J. L-Amino Acid Oxidases From Mushrooms Show Antibacterial Activity Against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:977. [PMID: 32508788 PMCID: PMC7248570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanaceraum is the quarantine plant pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial wilt in over 200 host plants, which include economically important crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco, banana, and ginger. Alternative biological methods of disease control that can be used in integrated pest management are extensively studied. In search of new proteins with antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum, we identified L-amino acid oxidases (LAOs) from fruiting bodies of Amanita phalloides (ApLAO) and Infundibulicybe geotropa (CgLAO). We describe an optimized isolation procedure for their biochemical characterization, and show that they are dimeric proteins with estimated monomer molecular masses of 72 and 66 kDa, respectively, with isoelectric point of pH 6.5. They have broad substrate specificities for hydrophobic and charged amino acids, with highest Km for L-Leu, and broad pH optima at pH 5 and pH 6, respectively. An enzyme with similar properties is also characterized from the mycelia of I. geotropa (CgmycLAO). Fractionated aqueous extracts of 15 species of mushrooms show that LAO activity against L-Leu correlates with antibacterial activity. We confirm that the LAO activities mediate the antibacterial actions of ApLAO, CgLAO, and CgmycLAO. Their antibacterial activities are greater against Gram-negative versus Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition of growth rate, prolongation of lag-phase, and decreased endpoint biomass. In Gram-positive bacteria, they mainly prolong the lag phase. These in vitro antibacterial activities of CgLAO and CgmycLAO are confirmed in vivo in tomato plants, while ApLAO has no effect on disease progression in planta. Transmission electron microscopy shows morphological changes of R. solanacearum upon LAO treatments. Finally, broad specificity of the antibacterial activities of these purified LAOs were seen for in vitro screening against 14 phytopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, these fungal LAOs show great potential as new biological phytoprotective agents and show the fruiting bodies of higher fungi to be a valuable source of antimicrobials with unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Brzin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Erjavec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dreo
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ullah A. Structure-Function Studies and Mechanism of Action of Snake Venom L-Amino Acid Oxidases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32158389 PMCID: PMC7052187 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (SV-LAAOs) are the least studied venom enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the stereospecific oxidation of an L-amino acid to their corresponding α-keto acid with the liberation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia (NH3). They display various pathological and physiological activities including induction of apoptosis, edema, platelet aggregation/inhibition, hemorrhagic, and anticoagulant activities. They also show antibacterial, antiviral and leishmanicidal activity and have been used as therapeutic agents in some disease conditions like cancer and anti-HIV drugs. Although the crystal structures of six SV-LAAOs are present in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), there is no single article that describes all of them in particular. To better understand their structural properties and correlate it with their function, the current work describes structure characterization, structure-based mechanism of catalysis, inhibition and substrate specificity of SV-LAAOs. Sequence analysis indicates a high sequence identity (>84%) among SV-LAAOs, comparatively lower sequence identity with Pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase (<50%) and very low sequence identity (<24%) with bacterial LAAOs, Fugal (L-lysine oxidase), and Zea mays Polyamine oxidase (PAAO). The three-dimensional structure of these enzymes are composed of three-domains, a FAD-binding domain, a substrate-binding domain and a helical domain. The sequence and structural analysis indicate that the amino acid residues in the loops vary in length and composition due to which the surface charge distribution also varies that may impart variable substrate specificity to these enzymes. The active site cavity volume and its average depth also vary in these enzymes. The inhibition of these enzymes by synthetic inhibitors will lead to the production of more potent antivenoms against snakebite envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Pereira-Crott LS, Casare-Ogasawara TM, Ambrosio L, Chaim LFP, de Morais FR, Cintra ACO, Canicoba NC, Tucci LFF, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Castro FAD. Bothrops moojeni venom and BmooLAAO-I downmodulate CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL2/MCP-1 production and oxidative burst response, and upregulate CD11b expression in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106154. [PMID: 31962250 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops snake venoms contain biologically active components, including L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) that induce significant leukocyte accumulation at inflammatory sites characterized by early neutrophil infiltration. As it remains unclear how snake venoms modulate neutrophil activation and chemokine production, here we examined whether Bothrops moojeni crude venom (BmV) and its LAAO (BmooLAAO-I) affect expression of the surface activation markers CD11b and CD66b, production of the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL-10/IP-10, and activation of oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Cell viability, expression of activation markers, and chemokine production were assessed by flow cytometry, while the oxidative burst response was measured by chemiluminescence. BmV at 50 and 75 µg/mL reduced CXCL8/IL-8 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) and CCL2/MCP-1 production (p < 0.05), while BmooLAAO-I at the same concentrations reduced only CCL2/MCP-1 production (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by CD11b upregulation (p < 0.05 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmV; p < 0.01 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmooLAAO-I) and CD66b downregulation (p < 0.05 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmV). Both BmV and BmooLAAO-I at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 5 µg/mL suppressed the oxidative burst of neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, while BmooLAAO-I at 2.5 and 5 µg/mL also suppressed the neutrophil response stimulated with opsonized zymosan. Considering that neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the findings reported herein indicate that BmV and BmooLAAO-I are potential immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Simon Pereira-Crott
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Mara Casare-Ogasawara
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Princi Chaim
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rosseto de Morais
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Adélia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Nathália Cristina Canicoba
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Fortunato Tucci
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cleni Mara Marzocchi-Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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Khedrinia M, Aryapour H, Mianabadi M. Prediction of novel inhibitors for Crotalus adamanteus l-amino acid oxidase by repurposing FDA-approved drugs: a virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation investigation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:470-479. [PMID: 31668098 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1614022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the deadliest enzymes in the snake venom is l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) which plays an important role in the pathophysiological effects during snake envenomation. Some effects of this enzyme on the human body are apoptosis, platelet aggregation, edema, hemorrhage, and cytotoxicity. Hence, inhibiting the enzyme activity to reduce its degradation effects is of great medical and pharmacological importance. On the other hand, drug repurposing is a process to find the new existing drug for a new medical indication. Since Crotalus adamanteus LAAO has no crystal structure in the protein data bank, first, its 3D structure was constructed by homology modeling using 1REO as the template and then modeled structure was evaluated by several algorithms. We screened the FDA-approved drugs by structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) to identify new inhibitors for the snake venom LAAO. Interestingly, docking results revealed that half of the hits belong to the propionic acid derivatives drugs. In addition, MD simulation was performed to assess the interaction profile of the docked protein-hits complexes. Meanwhile, Arg88, Gln112, Lys345, Trp356 form consistent hydrogen bond interactions with Dexketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ketoprofen, Morphine, and Citric acid during simulation. According to the results, each of the four compounds can be an appropriate inhibitor of LAAO and since our study was based on drug repurposing could be evaluated in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khedrinia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Aryapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Manijeh Mianabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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23
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Lopes-de-Souza L, Costal-Oliveira F, Stransky S, Fonseca de Freitas C, Guerra-Duarte C, Braga VMM, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Development of a cell-based in vitro assay as a possible alternative for determining bothropic antivenom potency. Toxicon 2019; 170:68-76. [PMID: 31494208 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accidents with venomous snakes are a major health hazard in tropical countries. Bothrops genus is responsible for almost 80% of snakebites in Brazil. Immunotherapy is the only approved specific treatment against snake toxins and the production of therapeutic antivenoms requires quality control tests to determine their neutralizing potency. Currently, these controls are performed by in vivo lethality neutralization, however, the inhibition of particular events produced by bothropic venoms such as coagulopathy, hemorrhage, edema or cytotoxic effects are also required. The aim of this work is to develop an in vitro alternative assay for antivenom pre-clinical evaluation. In this sense, we designed a cell viability assay using different amounts (0.2-10 μL/well) of low and high potency anti-bothropic sera, previously classified by the traditional in vivo test, for assessing the antivenom capacity to protect the cells against B. jararaca venom cytotoxicity (5xEC50 = 58.95 μg/mL). We found that high potency sera are more effective in neutralizing B. jararaca venom cytotoxicity when compared to low potency sera, which is in accordance to their pre-determined in vivo potency. Considering sera in vitro inhibitory concentration able to prevent 50% cell death (IC50) and their known in vivo potency, a cut-off point was determined to discriminate low and high potency sera. Our data provide insights for the development of an in vitro method which can determine the anti-bothropic antivenom potency during its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Lopes-de-Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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24
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Effects of Snake Venom Pharmacopuncture on a Mouse model of Cerebral Infarction. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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26
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Machado A, Aissa A, Ribeiro D, Costa T, Ferreira Jr. R, Sampaio S, Antunes L. Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress-inducing effect of an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom in a co-culture model of HepG2 and HUVEC cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:425-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Costal-Oliveira F, Stransky S, Guerra-Duarte C, Naves de Souza DL, Vivas-Ruiz DE, Yarlequé A, Sanchez EF, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Braga VMM. L-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox snake venom triggers autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in normal human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:781. [PMID: 30692577 PMCID: PMC6349910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoproteins, which perform diverse biological activities in the victim such as edema, myotoxicity and cytotoxicity, contributing to the development of clinical symptoms of envenomation. LAAO cytotoxicity has been described, but the temporal cascade of events leading to cell death has not been explored so far. This study evaluates the involvement of LAAO in dermonecrosis in mice and its cytotoxic effects in normal human keratinocytes, the major cell type in the epidermis, a tissue that undergoes extensive necrosis at the snakebite site. Pharmacological inhibition by the antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) prevented B. atrox venom-induced necrosis. Consistent with the potential role of oxidative stress in wounding, treatment with purified LAAO decreased keratinocyte viability with an Effective Concentration (EC50) of 5.1 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity caused by LAAO was mediated by H2O2 and treated cells underwent autophagy, followed by apoptosis and necrosis. LAAO induced morphological alterations that precede cell death. Our results show the chronological events leading to cell death and the temporal resolution from autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis as distinct mechanisms triggered by LAAO. Fluorescently-labelled LAAO was efficiently and rapidly internalized by keratinocytes, suggesting that catalysis of intracellular substrates may contribute to LAAO toxicity. A better understanding of LAAO cytotoxicity and its mechanism of action will help to identify potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate localized snake envenomation symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-0103, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dayane L Naves de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-0103, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Vania M M Braga
- Cardio-Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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28
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Costa TR, Carone SEI, Tucci LFF, Menaldo DL, Rosa-Garzon NG, Cabral H, Sampaio SV. Kinetic investigations and stability studies of two Bothrops L-amino acid oxidases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:37. [PMID: 30534149 PMCID: PMC6280375 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background L-amino acid oxidases isolated from snake venoms (SV-LAAOs) are enzymes that have great therapeutic potential and are currently being investigated as tools for developing new strategies to treat various diseases, including cancer and bacterial infections. The main objective of this study was to make a brief evaluation of the enzymatic stability of two Bothrops LAAOs, one isolated from Bothrops jararacussu (BjussuLAAO-II) and the other from Bothrops moojeni (BmooLAAO-I) venoms. Methods and results The enzymatic activity and stability of both LAAOs were evaluated by microplate colorimetric assays, for which BjussuLAAO-II and BmooLAAO-I were incubated with different L-amino acid substrates, in the presence of different ions, and at different pH ranges and temperatures. BjussuLAAO-II and BmooLAAO-I demonstrated higher affinity for hydrophobic amino acids, such as Phe and Leu. The two enzymes showed high enzymatic activity in a wide temperature range, from 25 to 75 °C, and presented optimum pH around 7.0. Additionally, Zn2+, Al3+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions negatively modulated the enzymatic activity of both LAAOs. As to stability, BjussuLAAO-II and BmooLAAO-I showed high enzymatic activity for 42 days stored at 4 °C in neutral pH solution. Moreover, the glycan portions of both LAAOs were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, which revealed that BjussuLAAO-II presented two main glycan portions with relative masses of 7.78 and 8.13 CGU, while BmooLAAO-I showed three portions of 7.58, 7.94 and 8.37 CGU. Conclusions Our results showed that, when stored properly, BjussuLAAO-II and BmooLAAO-I present enzymatic stability over a long time period, which is very important to allow the use of these enzymes in pharmacological studies of great impact in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia R Costa
- 1Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, B. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Sante E I Carone
- 1Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, B. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Luiz F F Tucci
- 1Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, B. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Danilo L Menaldo
- 1Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, B. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Nathalia G Rosa-Garzon
- 2Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- 2Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- 1Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, B. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
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de Souza Silva PM, de Sousa RV, Simão AA, Cesar PHS, Trento MVC, Marcussi S. Protective effect of β-D-glucan and glutamine on the genomic instability induced by Cytarabine/Ara-C in BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:559-564. [PMID: 29852229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic antibiotics and growth promoters have been substituted, mainly for livestock, by immunomodulators and intestinal health promoters - such as β-D-glucans and glutamine. The aim of this study was to verify the beneficial effects of β-D-glucans and glutamine against Cytarabine/Ara-C, evaluating the DNA damage in leukocytes, the leukogram, and the mitotic index of intestinal crypts cells. Balb/C mice received treatment with β-D-glucan (80 mg/Kg), glutamine (150 mg/Kg), or both, for 21 days. On the last two days of this period, Ara-C was administered (1.8 mg/animal) by intraperitoneal injection every 12 h. The animals submitted to the treatment with Ara-C presented the highest genotoxic index, a significant leukopenia, and a decrease in the mitotic index of the intestinal crypts cells. Treatment with β-D-glucan protected the leukocytes against DNA fragmentation induced by Ara-C. Glutamine alone promoted maintenance of the mitotic index and, in association with β-Dglucan, reduced leukopenia. Thus, the use of β-D-glucan and glutamine proved to be beneficial to intestinal tropism. This can happen once the damage to the genetic material, prevented by the treatments with β-D-glucan and glutamine, can result in genotoxicity. Not only this, but it might be capable of turning into a mutagenesis, with consequential physiopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Mirian de Souza Silva
- Veterinarian Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Vicente de Sousa
- Veterinarian Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Assaid Simão
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
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Estevão-Costa MI, Sanz-Soler R, Johanningmeier B, Eble JA. Snake venom components in medicine: From the symbolic rod of Asclepius to tangible medical research and application. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:94-113. [PMID: 30261311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both mythologically and logically, snakes have always fascinated man. Snakes have attracted both awe and fear not only because of the elegant movement of their limbless bodies, but also because of the potency of their deadly venoms. Practically, in 2017, the world health organization (WHO) listed snake envenomation as a high priority neglected disease, as snakes inflict up to 2.7 million poisonous bites, around 100.000 casualties, and about three times as many invalidities on man. The venoms of poisonous snakes are a cocktail of potent compounds which specifically and avidly target numerous essential molecules with high efficacy. The individual effects of all venom toxins integrate into lethal dysfunctions of almost any organ system. It is this efficacy and specificity of each venom component, which after analysis of its structure and activity may serve as a potential lead structure for chemical imitation. Such toxin mimetics may help in influencing a specific body function pharmaceutically for the sake of man's health. In this review article, we will give some examples of snake venom components which have spurred the development of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, we will provide examples where such snake toxin-derived mimetics are in clinical use, trials, or consideration for further pharmaceutical exploitation, especially in the fields of hemostasis, thrombosis, coagulation, and metastasis. Thus, it becomes clear why a snake captured its symbolic place at the Asclepius rod with good reason still nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Inacia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Johanningmeier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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l-Amino acid oxidase from Cerastes vipera snake venom: Isolation, characterization and biological effects on bacteria and tumor cell lines. Toxicon 2018; 150:270-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zainal Abidin SA, Rajadurai P, Chowdhury MEH, Ahmad Rusmili MR, Othman I, Naidu R. Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-inducing Activity of L-Amino Acid Oxidase from MalaysianCalloselasma rhodostomaon Human Colon Cancer Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:577-588. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Pathmanathan Rajadurai
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Md. Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | | | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Zainal Abidin SA, Rajadurai P, Hoque Chowdhury ME, Othman I, Naidu R. Cytotoxic, Anti-Proliferative and Apoptosis Activity of l-Amino Acid Oxidase from Malaysian Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus (CP-LAAO) Venom on Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061388. [PMID: 29890640 PMCID: PMC6100610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential anti-cancer activity of l-amino acid oxidase (CP-LAAO) purified from the venom of Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus on SW480 and SW620 human colon cancer cells. Mass spectrometry guided purification was able to identify and purify CP-LAAO. Amino acid variations identified from the partial protein sequence of CP-LAAO may suggest novel variants of these proteins. The activity of the purified CP-LAAO was confirmed with o-phenyldiamine (OPD)-based spectrophotometric assay. CP-LAAO demonstrated time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic activity and the EC50 value was determined at 13 µg/mL for both SW480 and SW620 cells. Significant increase of caspase-3 activity, reduction of Bcl-2 levels, as well as morphological changes consistent with apoptosis were demonstrated by CP-LAAO. Overall, these data provide evidence on the potential anti-cancer activity of CP-LAAO from the venom of Malaysian C. purpureomaculatus for therapeutic intervention of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pathmanathan Rajadurai
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Md Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Rey-Suárez P, Acosta C, Torres U, Saldarriaga-Córdoba M, Lomonte B, Núñez V. MipLAAO, a new L-amino acid oxidase from the redtail coral snake Micrurus mipartitus. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4924. [PMID: 29900074 PMCID: PMC5995095 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are ubiquitous enzymes in nature. Bioactivities described for these enzymes include apoptosis induction, edema formation, induction or inhibition of platelet aggregation, as well as antiviral, antiparasite, and antibacterial actions. With over 80 species, Micrurus snakes are the representatives of the Elapidae family in the New World. Although LAAOs in Micrurus venoms have been predicted by venom gland transcriptomic studies and detected in proteomic studies, no enzymes of this kind have been previously purified from their venoms. Earlier proteomic studies revealed that the venom of M. mipartitus from Colombia contains ∼4% of LAAO. This enzyme, here named MipLAAO, was isolated and biochemically and functionally characterized. The enzyme is found in monomeric form, with an isotope-averaged molecular mass of 59,100.6 Da, as determined by MALDI-TOF. Its oxidase activity shows substrate preference for hydrophobic amino acids, being optimal at pH 8.0. By nucleotide sequencing of venom gland cDNA of mRNA transcripts obtained from a single snake, six isoforms of MipLAAO with minor variations among them were retrieved. The deduced sequences present a mature chain of 483 amino acids, with a predicted pI of 8.9, and theoretical masses between 55,010.9 and 55,121.0 Da. The difference with experimentally observed mass is likely due to glycosylation, in agreement with the finding of three putative N-glycosylation sites in its amino acid sequence. A phylogenetic analysis of MmipLAAO placed this new enzyme within the clade of homologous proteins from elapid snakes, characterized by the conserved Serine at position 223, in contrast to LAAOs from viperids. MmipLAAO showed a potent bactericidal effect on S. aureus (MIC: 2 µg/mL), but not on E. coli. The former activity could be of interest to future studies assessing its potential as antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rey-Suárez
- Programa de Ofidismo y Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Acosta
- Programa de Ofidismo y Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Uday Torres
- Programa de Ofidismo y Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Vitelbina Núñez
- Programa de Ofidismo y Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Tan KK, Bay BH, Gopalakrishnakone P. L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom and its anticancer potential. Toxicon 2018; 144:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The toxin BjussuLAAO-II induces oxidative stress and DNA damage, upregulates the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and downregulates the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2 and RELA in human Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:212-219. [PMID: 29222016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in adults. As chemotherapy, the first-choice treatment for colorectal carcinoma, is often infeasible due to acquired tumor resistance and several adverse effects, it is important to discover and explore new molecules with better therapeutic action. Snake venom toxins have shown promising results with high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here we examined how BjussuLAAO-II, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, exerts cytotoxicity towards colorectal adenocarcinoma human cells (Caco-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). A 24-h treatment with BjussuLAAO-II at 0.25 - 5.00 μg/mL diminished cell viability by decreasing (i) mitochondrial activity, assessed by reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and resazurin; (ii) the activity of acid phosphatases; and (iii) lysosomal function, assessed by neutral red uptake. BjussuLAAO-II also increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, as assessed by fluorescence and the comet assay, respectively. BjussuLAAO-II altered the expression of cell proliferation-related genes, as determined by RT-qPCR: it elevated the expression of the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and lowered the expression of the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2, and RELA. Therefore, BjussuLAAO-II induces Caco-2 cells death by acting on multiple intracellular targets, providing important data for further studies to assess whether these effects are seen in both tumor and normal cells, with the aim of selecting this drug for possible therapeutic purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Giza, Egypt
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38
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A new l -amino acid oxidase from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: Isolation, partial characterization, and assessment of pro-apoptotic and antiprotozoal activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Costa TR, Menaldo DL, Zoccal KF, Burin SM, Aissa AF, Castro FAD, Faccioli LH, Greggi Antunes LM, Sampaio SV. CR-LAAO, an L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom, as a potential tool for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42673. [PMID: 28205610 PMCID: PMC5311993 DOI: 10.1038/srep42673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases from snake venoms have been described to possess various biological functions. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory responses induced in vivo and in vitro by CR-LAAO, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom, and its antitumor potential. CR-LAAO induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo, with recruitment of neutrophils and release of IL-6, IL-1β, LTB4 and PGE2. In vitro, IL-6 and IL-1β production by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CR-LAAO was dependent of the activation of the Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, CR-LAAO promoted apoptosis of HL-60 and HepG2 tumor cells mediated by the release of hydrogen peroxide and activation of immune cells, resulting in oxidative stress and production of IL-6 and IL-1β that triggered a series of events, such as activation of caspase 8, 9 and 3, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene BAX. We also observed that CR-LAAO modulated the cell cycle of these tumor cells, promoting delay in the G0/G1 and S phases. Taken together, our results suggest that CR-LAAO could serve as a potential tool for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer, since this toxin promoted apoptosis of tumor cells and also activated immune cells against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia R Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo L Menaldo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina F Zoccal
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Burin
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Aissa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola A de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia M Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Feliciano PR, Rustiguel JK, Soares ROS, Sampaio SV, Cristina Nonato M. Crystal structure and molecular dynamics studies of L-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox. Toxicon 2017; 128:50-59. [PMID: 28137621 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are dimeric flavoproteins that catalyze the deamination of L-amino acid to α-keto acid, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we report the crystal structure and molecular dynamics simulations of LAAO from the venom of Bothrops atrox (BatroxLAAO). BatroxLAAO presents several biological and pharmacological properties with promising biomedical applications. BatroxLAAO structure contains the highly conserved structural pattern of LAAOs comprising a FAD-binding domain, substrate-binding domain and helical domain, and a dimeric arrangement that can be stabilized by zinc. Also, molecular dynamics results show an asymmetric behavior, and a direct communication between FAD- and substrate-binding domains of counterpart subunits. These findings shed light on the structural role of dimerization to catalytic mechanism of SV-LAAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Feliciano
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joane K Rustiguel
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O S Soares
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:329-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Burin SM, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Cominal JG, Ambrosio L, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. The L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom modulates apoptomiRs expression in Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Toxicon 2016; 120:9-14. [PMID: 27421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic genes and apoptomiRs deregulated expression contribute to apoptosis resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Bcr-Abl(+) cells. Here, the L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) venom altered the apoptotic machinery regulation by modulating the expression of the miR-145, miR-26a, miR-142-3p, miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-146a, and of the apoptosis-related proteins Bid, Bim, Bcl-2, Ciap-2, c-Flip, and Mcl-1 in Bcr-Abl(+) cells. CR-LAAO is a potential tool to instigate apoptomiRs regulation that contributes to drive CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Teixeira TL, Oliveira Silva VA, da Cunha DB, Polettini FL, Thomaz CD, Pianca AA, Zambom FL, da Silva Leitão Mazzi DP, Reis RM, Mazzi MV. Isolation, characterization and screening of the in vitro cytotoxic activity of a novel L-amino acid oxidase (LAAOcdt) from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom on human cancer cell lines. Toxicon 2016; 119:203-17. [PMID: 27317870 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An L-amino acid oxidase (LAAOcdt) from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom was purified to homogeneity in a two-step procedure using molecular exclusion on Sephadex G-75, followed by Phenyl Sepharose FF chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 113 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. LAAOcdt showed amino acid homology to other L-amino acid oxidases isolated from different snake venoms. The comparative analysis of the internal peptide sequences of the NNPGILEYPVKPSEEGK fragments by LC-MS/MS spectrometry revealed 100% identity with C. durissus cumanensis LAAO. The purified protein catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids, and the most specific substrates were L-Tyr and L-Phe. The enzyme presented optimum activity at pH 7.4 and at 44 °C. LAAOcdt also showed hemolytic activity (0.6-20 μg/μL) and induced both the formation plasma clots (5-100 μg/μL) and platelet aggregation (2.5 × 10(-3), 5.0 × 10(-3) and 10 × 10(-3) μg/mL), as well as bactericidal activity (2.5-10 μg/μL) against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, LAAOcdt exhibited cytotoxicity in distinct cancer cell lines, which presented a heterogeneous response profile. The mean IC50 value was 10.5 μg/mL. Glioma and pancreatic carcinoma cells were the most sensitive cell lines; they showed mean IC50 values of 7.2 μg/mL and 7.4 μg/mL, respectively. The exposure of the drug-sensitive cells to LAAOcdt for 24 h upregulated activated p-H2AX and efficiently decreased P42/P44 (ERK) activation in glioma cells (HCB151), which suggested an anti-proliferative effect. In addition, increased p21 expression was observed in SiHa cells, which showed a resistant phenotype. On the other hand, the flow cytometry and immunoblotting analyses showed that the enzyme did not induce cancer cell apoptosis. These results suggest that another cell death mechanism might contribute to the LAAOcdt-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, this work may help to elucidate the function and structure of LAAOcdt by providing the basis for further investigations on its efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuila Leveghim Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Batista da Cunha
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Lino Polettini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Daniele Thomaz
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ariana Aparecida Pianca
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Letícia Zambom
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Maurício Ventura Mazzi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339, Araras, SP, Brazil.
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Cytotoxic L-amino-acid oxidases from Amanita phalloides and Clitocybe geotropa induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16021. [PMID: 27551514 PMCID: PMC4979486 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
L-amino-acid oxidases (LAO) purified from fungi induce cell death in various mammalian cells including human tumor cell lines. The mechanism, however, remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to define a precise mechanism of cell death induced in Jurkat and MCF7 cancer cell lines by ApLAO and CgLAO, LAOs isolated from Amanita phalloides and Clitocybe geotropa, respectively. Cell death induced by both LAOs is shown to be concentration- and time-dependent, with higher toxic effects in Jurkat cells. LAO activity is required for the cytotoxicity. Detailed study on Jurkat cells further demonstrated that ApLAO and CgLAO both induce the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, accompanied by a time-dependent depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Treatment with the LAOs resulted in an increased ratio of the expression of proapoptotic Bax to that of antiapoptotic Bcl-2, subsequently leading to the activation of caspase-9 and -3. However, the pancaspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, did not completely abolish the cell death induced by either ApLAO or CgLAO, suggesting an alternative pathway for LAO-induced apoptosis. Indeed, caspase-8 activity in ApLAO- and CgLAO-treated cells was increased. Further, Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) antagonist caused a slight reduction in toxin-induced cell death, supporting the involvement of ApLAO and CgLAO in death-receptor-mediated apoptosis. These results thus provide new evidence that ApLAO and CgLAO induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells via both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, although the significantly higher increase of caspase-9 over caspase-8 activity suggests that it is the intrinsic pathway that is the predominant mode of ApLAO- and CgLAO-induced apoptosis.
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Burin SM, Ghisla S, Ouchida AT, Aissa AF, Coelho MGB, Costa TR, Marsola APZC, Pinto-Simões B, Antunes LMG, Curti C, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. CR-LAAO antileukemic effect against Bcr-Abl(+) cells is mediated by apoptosis and hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:309-20. [PMID: 26812110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase protein, which confers resistance to apoptosis in leukemic cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effectively used to treat CML; however, CML patients in the advanced (CML-AP) and chronic (CML-CP) phases of the disease are usually resistant to TKI therapy. Thus, it is necessary to seek for novel agents to treat CML, such as the enzyme l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) snake venom. We examined the antitumor effect of CR-LAAO in Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and CML patients. CR-LAAO was more cytotoxic towards Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines than towards healthy subjects' PBMC. The H2O2 produced during the enzymatic action of CR-LAAO mediated its cytotoxic effect. The CR-LAAO induced apoptosis in Bcr-Abl(+) cells, as detected by caspases 3, 8, and 9 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. CR-LAAO elicited apoptosis in PBMC from CML-CP patients without TKI treatment more strongly than in PBMC from healthy subjects and TKI-treated CML-CP and CML-AP patients. The antitumor effect of CR-LAAO against Bcr-Abl(+) cells makes this toxin a promising candidate to CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Ghisla
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Amanda Tomie Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zambuzi Cardoso Marsola
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Belinda Pinto-Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Guo C, Liu S, Dong P, Zhao D, Wang C, Tao Z, Sun MZ. Akbu-LAAO exhibits potent anti-tumor activity to HepG2 cells partially through produced H2O2 via TGF-β signal pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18215. [PMID: 26655928 PMCID: PMC4677388 DOI: 10.1038/srep18215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we characterized the biological properties of Akbu-LAAO, a novel L-amino acid oxidase from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom (SV). Current work investigated its in vitro anti-tumor activity and underlying mechanism on HepG2 cells. Akbu-LAAO inhibited HepG2 growth time and dose-dependently with an IC50 of ~38.82 μg/mL. It could induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Akbu-LAAO exhibited cytotoxicity by inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 as it showed no effect on its cell cycle. The inhibition of Akbu-LAAO to HepG2 growth partially relied on enzymatic-released H2O2 as catalase only partially antagonized this effect. cDNA microarray results indicated TGF-β signaling pathway was linked to the cytotoxicity of Akbu-LAAO on HepG2. TGF-β pathway related molecules CYR61, p53, GDF15, TOB1, BTG2, BMP2, BMP6, SMAD9, JUN, JUNB, LOX, CCND1, CDK6, GADD45A, CDKN1A were deregulated in HepG2 following Akbu-LAAO stimulation. The presence of catalase only slightly restored the mRNA changes induced by Akbu-LAAO for differentially expressed genes. Meanwhile, LDN-193189, a TGF-β pathway inhibitor reduced Akbu-LAAO cytotoxicity on HepG2. Collectively, we reported, for the first time, SV-LAAO showed anti-tumor cell activity via TGF-β pathway. It provides new insight of SV-LAAO exhibiting anti-tumor effect via a novel signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zhiwei Tao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
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El Hakim A, Salama W, Hamed M, Ali A, Ibrahim N. Heterodimeric l-amino acid oxidase enzymes from Egyptian Cerastes cerastes venom: Purification, biochemical characterization and partial amino acid sequencing. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:165-176. [PMID: 30647580 PMCID: PMC6299811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two l-amino acid oxidase enzyme isoforms, Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were purified to apparent homogeneity from Cerastes cerastes venom in a sequential two-step chromatographic protocol including; gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The native molecular weights of the isoforms were 115 kDa as determined by gel filtration on calibrated Sephacryl S-200 column, while the monomeric molecular weights of the enzymes were, 60, 56 kDa and 60, 53 kDa for LAAOI and LAAOII, respectively. The tryptic peptides of the two isoforms share high sequence homology with other snake venom l-amino acid oxidases. The optimal pH and temperature values of Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were 7.8, 50 °C and 7, 60 °C, respectively. The two isoenzymes were thermally stable up to 70 °C. The K m and V max values were 0.67 mM, 0.135 μmol/min for LAAOI and 0.82 mM, 0.087 μmol/min for LAAOII. Both isoenzymes displayed high catalytic preference to long-chain, hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. The Mn2 + ion markedly increased the LAAO activity for both purified isoforms, while Na+, K+, Ca2 +, Mg2 + and Ba2 + ions showed a non-significant increase in the enzymatic activity of both isoforms. Furthermore, Zn2 +, Ni2 +, Co2 +, Cu2 + and AL3 + ions markedly inhibited the LAAOI and LAAOII activities. l-Cysteine and reduced glutathione completely inhibited the LAAO activity of both isoenzymes, whereas, β-mercaptoethanol, O-phenanthroline and PMSF completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII. Furthermore, iodoacitic acid inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII by 46% and had no effect on the LAAOI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. El Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - W.H. Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - M.B. Hamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - A.A. Ali
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N.M. Ibrahim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
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Partial in vitro analysis of toxic and antigenic activities of eleven Peruvian pitviper snake venoms. Toxicon 2015; 108:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mukherjee AK, Saviola AJ, Burns PD, Mackessy SP. Apoptosis induction in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by a novel venom L-amino acid oxidase (Rusvinoxidase) is independent of its enzymatic activity and is accompanied by caspase-7 activation and reactive oxygen species production. Apoptosis 2015; 20:1358-72. [PMID: 26319994 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the elucidation of a mechanism of apoptosis induction in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by an L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), Rusvinoxidase, purified from the venom of Daboia russelii russelii. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of Rusvinoxidase, an acidic monomeric glycoprotein with a mass of ~57 kDa, confirmed its identity as snake venom LAAO. The enzymatic activity of Rusvinoxidase was completely abolished after two cycles of freezing and thawing; however, its cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells remained unaffected. Dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis by Rusvinoxidase on MCF-7 cells was evident from changes in cell morphology, cell membrane integrity, shrinkage of cells and apoptotic body formation accompanied by DNA fragmentation. Rusvinoxidase induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by both the extrinsic (death-receptor) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) signaling pathways. The former pathway of apoptosis operated through activation of caspase-8 that subsequently activated caspase-7 but not caspase-3. Rusvinoxidase-induced intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was accompanied by a time-dependent depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane through the generation of reactive oxygen species, followed by a decrease in cellular glutathione content and catalase activity, and down-regulation of expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and heat-shock proteins (HSP-90 and HSP-70). Rusvinoxidase treatment resulted in increase of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, subsequently leading to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol and activating caspase-9, which in turn stimulated effector caspase-7. Rusvinoxidase at a dose of 4 mg/kg was non-toxic in mice, indicating that it may be useful as a model for the development of peptide-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639-0017, USA,
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50
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Marinho AD, Morais ICO, Lima DB, Jorge ARC, Jorge RJB, Menezes RRPPB, Mello CP, Pereira GJS, Silveira JAM, Toyama MH, Orzáez M, Martins AMC, Monteiro HSA. Bothropoides pauloensis venom effects on isolated perfused kidney and cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicon 2015; 108:126-33. [PMID: 26410111 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Snake envenomation (Bothrops genus) is common in tropical countries and acute kidney injury is one of the complications observed in Bothrops snakebite with relevant morbidity and mortality. Here, we showed that Bothropoides pauloensis venom (BpV) decreased cell viability (IC50 of 7.5 μg/mL). Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide showed that cell death occurred predominantly by apoptosis and late apoptosis, through caspases 3 and 7 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and ROS overproduction. BpV reduced perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, percentage of sodium, chloride or potassium tubular transportation. These findings demonstrated that BpV cytotoxicity on renal epithelial cells might be responsible for the nephrotoxicity observed in isolated kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Isabel C O Morais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Dânya B Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antônio R C Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ramon R P P B Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P Mello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A M Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Toyama
- São Vicente Unit, Paulista Coastal Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alice M C Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Helena S A Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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