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Azuma M, Konno N, Sakata I, Koshimizu TA, Kaiya H. Molecular characterization and distribution of motilin and motilin receptor in the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 397:61-76. [PMID: 38727755 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Motilin (MLN) is a peptide hormone originally isolated from the mucosa of the porcine intestine. Its orthologs have been identified in various vertebrates. Although MLN regulates gastrointestinal motility in tetrapods from amphibians to mammals, recent studies indicate that MLN is not involved in the regulation of isolated intestinal motility in zebrafish, at least in vitro. To determine the unknown function of MLN in teleosts, we examined the expression of MLN and the MLN receptor (MLNR) at the cellular level in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Quantitative PCR revealed that mln mRNA was limitedly expressed in the gut, whereas mlnr mRNA was not detected in the gut but was expressed in the brain and kidney. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, mlnr mRNA was detected in the dopaminergic neurons of the area postrema in the brain and the noradrenaline-producing cells in the interrenal gland of the kidney. Furthermore, we observed efferent projections of mlnr-expressing dopaminergic neurons in the lobus vagi (XL) and nucleus motorius nervi vagi (NXm) of the medulla oblongata by establishing a transgenic medaka expressing the enhanced green fluorescence protein driven by the mlnr promoter. The expression of dopamine receptor mRNAs in the XL and cholinergic neurons in NXm was confirmed by in situ hybridization. These results indicate novel sites of MLN activity other than the gastrointestinal tract. MLN may exert central and peripheral actions through the regulation of catecholamine release in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Azuma
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 3190, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimookubo, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 3190, Japan
- Division of Drug Discovery, Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc. 8-1 Utano-Matsui, Uda, Nara, Japan
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Basto-Silva C, Couto A, Rodrigues J, Oliva-Teles A, Navarro I, Kaiya H, Capilla E, Guerreiro I. Feeding frequency and dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio affect feed intake and appetite regulation-related genes expression in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111168. [PMID: 35182764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of feeding frequency (FF) and dietary protein/carbohydrate (P/CH) ratios on appetite regulation of gilthead seabream, two practical diets were formulated to include high protein and low carbohydrate (P50/CH10 diet) or low protein and high carbohydrate (P40/CH20 diet) content and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish until visual satiation each meal at a FF of 1, 2, or 3 meals per day. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals than 1 meal per day and in fish fed the P40/CH20 than the P50/CH10 diet. The specific growth rate was only affected by FF, being higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals per day than 1 meal per day. Expression of the cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, ghrelin receptor-a (ghsr-a), leptin, and neuropeptide y in the brain, cholecystokinin (cck) in the intestine, and leptin and ghrelin in the stomach was not affected by FF or dietary P/CH ratio. This is the first time that ghrelin cells were immune-located in the stomach of gilthead seabream. Fish fed 3 meals per day presented lower cck expression in the brain than those fed twice per day and higher hepatic ghsr-b expression than those fed once per day. Fish fed P40/CH20 diet presented higher hepatic leptin expression than those fed P50/CH10 diet. In conclusion, present results indicate that feeding a P40/CH20 diet at 3 meals a day seems to decrease the satiation feeling of gilthead seabream compared to fish fed higher P/CH ratio diets or fed 1 or 2 meals a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Basto-Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Couto
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Rodrigues
- FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Sinmachi, Suita, 564-8565 Osaka, Japan
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Guerreiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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3
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Blanco AM, Cortés R, Bertucci JI, Soletto L, Sánchez E, Valenciano AI, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Delgado MJ. Brain transcriptome profile after CRISPR-induced ghrelin mutations in zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1-21. [PMID: 31673996 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin (GRL) is a gut-brain hormone with a role in a wide variety of physiological functions in mammals and fish, which points out the ghrelinergic system as a key element for the appropriate biological functioning of the organism. However, many aspects of the multifunctional nature of GRL remain to be better explored, especially in fish. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique to generate F0 zebrafish in which the expression of grl is compromised. Then, we employed high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore changes in the brain transcriptome landscape associated with the silencing of grl. The CRISPR/Cas9 technique successfully edited the genome of F0 zebrafish resulting in individuals with considerably lower levels of GRL mRNAs and protein and ghrelin O-acyl transferase (goat) mRNAs in the brain, intestine, and liver compared to wild-type (WT) zebrafish. Analysis of brain transcriptome revealed a total of 1360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the grl knockdown (KD) and WT zebrafish, with 664 up- and 696 downregulated DEGs in the KD group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs are highly enriched for terms related to morphogenesis, metabolism (especially of lipids), entrainment of circadian clocks, oxygen transport, apoptosis, and response to stimulus. The present study offers valuable information on the central genes and pathways implicated in functions of GRL, and points out the possible involvement of this peptide in some novel functions in fish, such as apoptosis and oxygen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Raúl Cortés
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fábrica, 1990, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lucia Soletto
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Elisa Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Valenciano
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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BARRIOS CARLOSE, SANTINÓN JUANJOSÉ, DOMITROVIC HUGOA, SÁNCHEZ SEBASTIÁN, HERNÁNDEZ DAVIDR. Localization and distribution of CCK-8, NPY, Leu-ENK-, and Ghrelin- in the digestive tract of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20181165. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020181165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Perelló-Amorós M, Vélez EJ, Vela-Albesa J, Sánchez-Moya A, Riera-Heredia N, Hedén I, Fernández-Borràs J, Blasco J, Calduch-Giner JA, Navarro I, Capilla E, Jönsson E, Pérez-Sánchez J, Gutiérrez J. Ghrelin and Its Receptors in Gilthead Sea Bream: Nutritional Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:399. [PMID: 30105002 PMCID: PMC6077198 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of growth in vertebrates through controlling different functions, such as feed intake, metabolism, intestinal activity or growth hormone (Gh) secretion. The aim of this work was to identify the sequences of preproghrelin and Ghrelin receptors (ghsrs), and to study their responses to different nutritional conditions in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. The structure and phylogeny of S. aurata preproghrelin was analyzed, and a tissue screening was performed. The effects of 21 days of fasting and 2, 5, 24 h, and 7 days of refeeding on plasma levels of Ghrelin, Gh and Igf-1, and the gene expression of preproghrelin, ghsrs and members of the Gh/Igf-1 system were determined in key tissues. preproghrelin and the receptors are well conserved, being expressed mainly in stomach, and in the pituitary and brain, respectively. Twenty-one days of fasting resulted in a decrease in growth while Ghrelin plasma levels were elevated to decrease at 5 h post-prandial when pituitary ghsrs expression was minimum. Gh in plasma increased during fasting and slowly felt upon refeeding, while plasma Igf-1 showed an inverse profile. Pituitary gh expression augmented during fasting reaching maximum levels at 1 day post-feeding while liver igf-1 expression and that of its splice variants decreased to lowest levels. Liver Gh receptors expression was down-regulated during fasting and recovered after refeeding. This study demonstrates the important role of Ghrelin during fasting, its acute down-regulation in the post-prandial stage and its interaction with pituitary Ghsrs and Gh/Igf-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio J. Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Vela-Albesa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sánchez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ida Hedén
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Calduch-Giner
- Nutrition and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrition and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquim Gutiérrez
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6
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Periprandial changes and effects of short- and long-term fasting on ghrelin, GOAT, and ghrelin receptors in goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:727-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Nisembaum LG, de Pedro N, Delgado MJ, Isorna E. Crosstalking between the "gut-brain" hormone ghrelin and the circadian system in the goldfish. Effects on clock gene expression and food anticipatory activity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 205:287-95. [PMID: 24681192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic signal mainly synthesized in the stomach and foregut of vertebrates. Recent studies in rodents point out that ghrelin could also act as an input for the circadian system and/or as an output of peripheral food-entrainable oscillators, being involved in the food anticipatory activity (FAA). In this study we pursue the possible interaction of ghrelin with the circadian system in a teleost, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). First, we analyzed if ghrelin is able to modulate the core clock functioning by regulating clock gene expression in fish under a light/dark cycle 12L:12D and fed at 10 am. As expected the acute intraperitoneal (IP) injection of goldfish ghrelin (gGRL[1-19], 44 pmol/g bw) induced the expression of hypothalamic orexin. Moreover, ghrelin also induced (∼ 2-fold) some Per clock genes in hypothalamus and liver. This effect was partially counteracted in liver by the ghrelin antagonist ([D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, 100 pmol/g bw). Second, we investigated if ghrelin is involved in daily FAA rhythms. With this aim locomotor activity was studied in response to IP injections (5-10 days) of gGRL[1-19] and [D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6 at the doses above indicated. Ghrelin and saline injected fish showed similar 24h activity patterns. However, ghrelin antagonist treatment abolished the FAA in schedule fed fish under 24h light, suggesting the involvement of the endogenous ghrelin system in this pre-feeding activity. Altogether these results suggest that ghrelin could be acting as an input for the entrainment of the food-entrainable oscillators in the circadian organization of goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Nisembaum
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Jönsson E. The role of ghrelin in energy balance regulation in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 187:79-85. [PMID: 23557643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the endocrine regulation of energy balance in fish is of interest for basic as well as aquaculture research. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that was first identified in fish 10 years ago and has important roles in the control of food intake and metabolism. Both ghrelin and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), have been found in numerous fish species. Their tissue distributions support the idea that ghrelin has an integrative role in the regulation of energy balance at both the central nervous system level and systemic level. In tilapia and goldfish, ghrelin treatment appears to increase food intake and to stimulate lipogenesis and tissue fat deposition to promote a more positive energy status. In rainbow trout, on the other hand, ghrelin decreases food intake. Goldfish and rainbow trout are the fish species in which the mode of action of ghrelin on food intake has been most thoroughly investigated. The results from these studies indicate that ghrelin alters food intake by acting on well-known appetite signals, such as CRH, NPY and orexin, in the hypothalamus in a species-specific manner. In goldfish, sensory fibres of the vagus nerve convey the signal from gut-derived ghrelin to modulate appetite. The data also indicate that ghrelin may modulate foraging/swimming activity and the perception of food in fish. Results related to the effects of energy status, temperature, and stressors on plasma ghrelin/tissue ghrelin mRNA levels are occasionally inconsistent between short- and long-term studies, between the protein and mRNA, and between species. Recent data also imply a role of ghrelin in carbohydrate metabolism. More functional studies are required to understand the role of ghrelin and its mechanisms of action in the regulation of energy balance among fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jönsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Kaiya H, Kangawa K, Miyazato M. What is the general action of ghrelin for vertebrates? - comparisons of ghrelin's effects across vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013. [PMID: 23178701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ten years and more passed since ghrelin was discovered. Various physiological actions of ghrelin have been documented in both mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. Do these actions have any commonality? In this review, we focused on several effects of ghrelin, and compared the effect across vertebrates. We would like to discuss possible general function of ghrelin in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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Perić Mataruga V, Vlahović M, Janać B, Ilijin L, Janković Tomanić M, Matić D, Mrdaković M. Ghrelin effect on nutritional indices, midgut and fat body of Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae). Peptides 2012; 37:55-62. [PMID: 22781165 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that has significant effects on appetite and growth in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to examine 4th instar larvae of the pest insect Lymantria dispar L. after ghrelin treatment. Parameters included changes in nutritional indices (efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, approximate digestibility); midgut and fat body mass; total proteases, trypsin and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the midgut; number, height and width of columnar and goblet cells and their nuclei in the midgut epithelium and detection of ghrelin-like immunoreactivity in the midgut tissue. Four subpicomolar injections of ghrelin (0.3pmol) or physiological saline (control) were applied every 24h. The nutritional indices were higher in the ghrelin treated than in the control group. Ghrelin treatment was also associated with elevation of midgut mass, induced digestive enzyme activities, increased fat body mass and morphometric changes in columnar and goblet cells. This is the first report of the presence of ghrelin-like hormone in endocrine cells of an insect midgut. Such information provides additional evidence for application of this relatively simple model system in the future studies of the mechanisms underlying of digestion and energy balance in more complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Perić Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Kerbel B, Unniappan S. Nesfatin-1 suppresses energy intake, co-localises ghrelin in the brain and gut, and alters ghrelin, cholecystokinin and orexin mRNA expression in goldfish. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:366-77. [PMID: 22023656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorectic peptide encoded in the precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). We recently reported the presence and appetite suppressing effects of nesfatin-1 in goldfish. Nesfatin-1 has been co-localised with ghrelin in the stomach of rats. Whether nesfatin-1 influences other appetite regulatory peptides in goldfish remains unclear. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate whether nesfatin-1 co-localises ghrelin in goldfish, and to test whether exogenous nesfatin-1 influences endogenous ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and orexin A (OXA). We found co-localisation of nesfatin-1-like and ghrelin-like immunoreactivity in the enteroendocrine cells of the goldfish anterior intestine (J-loop). Furthermore, co-localisation of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 was also observed in the posterior nucleus lateralis tuberis of the goldfish hypothalamus, a brain region implicated in the regulation of food intake. These findings suggest a functional relationship between ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in goldfish. In support of this, i.c.v. administration of goldfish (gf) nesfatin-1 [25 ng/g body weight (BW)], suppressed food intake and the expression of mRNAs encoding preproghrelin, ghrelin receptor (GHS-R 1a-1), CCK and NUCB2 in the forebrain of fed fish, as well as ghrelin and NUCB2 mRNA in the hypothalamus of unfed fish, both at 1 h post-injection. Nesfatin-1 stimulated hypothalamic CCK mRNA expression at 30 min post-injection in fed fish, and inhibited OXA mRNA in the unfed fish hypothalamus 1 h post-injection. Similarly, i.c.v. injections of gfghrelin (1 ng/g BW), although stimulating food intake, suppressed NUCB2 and preproghrelin mRNAs, but not ghrelin receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain. It is also evident that exogenous ghrelin and nesfatin-1 mRNAs encoding these peptides. Our novel results indicate interactions between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin, CCK and orexin, and show that nesfatin-1 acts on other appetite regulatory peptides in a time- and feeding status-dependent, as well as tissue-specific, manner in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kerbel
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ettore V, Finizia R, Elena C, Giovanni T, David F, Paolo DG, Marina P. Immunohistochemical and immunological detection of ghrelin and leptin in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii as affected by different dietary fatty acids. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kaiya H, Miyazato M, Kangawa K. Recent advances in the phylogenetic study of ghrelin. Peptides 2011; 32:2155-74. [PMID: 21600258 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To understand fully the biology of ghrelin, it is important to know the evolutionary history of ghrelin and its receptor. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies of mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates are a useful approach to that end. Ghrelin is a hormone that has apparently evaded natural selection during a long evolutionary history. Surely ghrelin plays crucial physiological roles in living animals. Phylogenetic studies reveal the nature and evolutionary history of this important signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
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Einarsdóttir IE, Power DM, Jönsson E, Björnsson BT. Occurrence of ghrelin-producing cells, the ghrelin receptor and Na+,K+-ATPase in tissues of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) during early development. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344:481-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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