1
|
Licitra R, Fronte B, Verri T, Marchese M, Sangiacomo C, Santorelli FM. Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38666821 PMCID: PMC11047914 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9-10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6-8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Sangiacomo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azevedo VC, Kennedy CJ. The effects of P-glycoprotein induction on ivermectin-induced behavioural alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) under varying diets. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109740. [PMID: 37689171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of inducing the blood-brain barrier ATP-binding cassette protein transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with clotrimazole (CTZ) in both fed and fasted zebrafish (Danio rerio) against the CNS-toxicant ivermectin (IVM, 22,23-dihydro avermectin B1a + 22,23-dihydro avermectin B1b) were examined. Zebrafish were administered 2 μmol/kg IVM intraperitoneally, and various behavioural assays (swimming performance, exploratory behaviour, olfactory responses, motor coordination, and escape responses) were used to measure neurological dysfunction. IVM administration alone caused a decrease in mean swim speed (91 % of controls), maximal speed (71 %), passage rate (81 %), 90° turns (81 %), and response to food stimulus (39 %). IVM exposure also increased the percent time that fish spent immobile (45 % increase over controls) and the percent of lethargic fish (40 % increase). Fish administered 30 μmol/kg of the P-gp inducer CTZ intraperitoneally 3 d prior to IVM exposure exhibited a change in only the % time spent immobile. These data indicate that P-gp induction may be limited in protecting the zebrafish CNS from IVM over baseline. Fasted fish did not differ from fed fish in the effects of IVM on behaviour, and no differences were seen following P-gp induction with CTZ. These results suggest that this chemical defence system is not downregulated when fish are challenged with limited energy availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cavicchioli Azevedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. https://twitter.com/vini_cazevedo
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stevenson LM, Muller EB, Nacci D, Clark BW, Whitehead A, Nisbet RM. Connecting Suborganismal Data to Bioenergetic Processes: Killifish Embryos Exposed to a Dioxin-Like Compound. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2040-2053. [PMID: 37232404 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A core challenge for ecological risk assessment is to integrate molecular responses into a chain of causality to organismal or population-level outcomes. Bioenergetic theory may be a useful approach for integrating suborganismal responses to predict organismal responses that influence population dynamics. We describe a novel application of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory in the context of a toxicity framework (adverse outcome pathways [AOPs]) to make quantitative predictions of chemical exposures to individuals, starting from suborganismal data. We use early-life stage exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus to dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) and connect AOP key events to DEB processes through "damage" that is produced at a rate proportional to the internal toxicant concentration. We use transcriptomic data of fish embryos exposed to DLCs to translate molecular indicators of damage into changes in DEB parameters (damage increases somatic maintenance costs) and DEB models to predict sublethal and lethal effects on young fish. By changing a small subset of model parameters, we predict the evolved tolerance to DLCs in some wild F. heteroclitus populations, a data set not used in model parameterization. The differences in model parameters point to reduced sensitivity and altered damage repair dynamics as contributing to this evolved resistance. Our methodology has potential extrapolation to untested chemicals of ecological concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2040-2053. © 2023 Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Stevenson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik B Muller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Diane Nacci
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li K, Liu B, Wang Z, Li Y, Li H, Wu S, Li Z. Quantitative characterization of zebrafish development based on multiple classifications using Mueller matrix OCT. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2889-2904. [PMID: 37342688 PMCID: PMC10278635 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Organ development analysis plays an important role in assessing an individual' s growth health. In this study, we present a non-invasive method for the quantitative characterization of zebrafish multiple organs during their growth, utilizing Mueller matrix optical coherence tomography (Mueller matrix OCT) in combination with deep learning. Firstly, Mueller matrix OCT was employed to acquire 3D images of zebrafish during development. Subsequently, a deep learning based U-Net network was applied to segment various anatomical structures, including the body, eyes, spine, yolk sac, and swim bladder of the zebrafish. Following segmentation, the volume of each organ was calculated. Finally, the development and proportional trends of zebrafish embryos and organs from day 1 to day 19 were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained quantitative results revealed that the volume development of the fish body and individual organs exhibited a steady growth trend. Additionally, smaller organs, such as the spine and swim bladder, were successfully quantified during the growth process. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of Mueller matrix OCT and deep learning effectively quantify the development of various organs throughout zebrafish embryonic development. This approach offers a more intuitive and efficient monitoring method for clinical medicine and developmental biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Zaifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Shulian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- Bionovel Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510407, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azevedo VC, Kennedy CJ. P-glycoprotein inhibition affects ivermectin-induced behavioural alterations in fed and fasted zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1267-1283. [PMID: 36006557 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of the blood-brain barrier ATP-binding cassette protein transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in protecting zebrafish (Danio rerio) from the central nervous system neurotoxicant ivermectin (IVM, 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a + 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b) was examined in the absence and presence of the competitive inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Zebrafish injected intraperitoneally with 1, 2, 5, or 10 µmol/kg IVM exhibited mortality 30 min following administration at the highest dose. At sublethal doses > 1 µmol/kg, IVM altered the swimming performance, exploratory behaviour, motor coordination, escape response and olfactory response in exposed fish. When fish were exposed to IVM in the presence of CsA, alterations in swimming and behaviours increased significantly and at the highest IVM/CsA ratio resulted in a complete lack of exploratory and olfactory behaviours. In separate experiments, fish were either fed or fasted, and the effects of IVM and CsA administration were examined. The effects of IVM administration and the exacerbated effects seen with CsA co-administration were not affected by fasting. This study provides evidence that P-gp provides a protective role in the BBB of fish against environmental neurotoxicants. The results also show that P-gp activity is maintained even under conditions of food deprivation, suggesting that this chemical defence system is prioritized over other energy expenditures during diet limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C Azevedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lika K, Augustine S, Kooijman SALM. The comparative energetics of the ray-finned fish in an evolutionary context. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac039. [PMID: 35811597 PMCID: PMC9258789 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address challenges in management and conservation of fishes and fisheries it is essential to understand their life histories and energetics. The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 1150 of the 40000 extant species of fish. It gives 250-280 traits per species, depending on the model type that was applied, such as maximum reserve capacity, lifespan, specific respiration and precociality index, based on which the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) was compared with the four other fish classes (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Actinistia, Dipnoi) and the Tetrapoda. The Actinopterygii are the only vertebrate class that shows metabolic acceleration, and clearly so in only three sub-clades. Different from chondrichthyans, quite a few species follow the waste-to-hurry strategy, especially small bodied freshwater fish such as tropical annual killifish, but also in small minnows and darters in continental climates. We briefly discuss links between waste-to-hurry, which is associated with a large specific somatic maintenance, and sensitivity for pesticides. We discuss why this interferes with the physical co-variation between maximum reserve capacity and ultimate structural length or weight and explains why maximum reserve capacity increases with body length in chondrichthyans, but not in actinopterygians. Reserve capacity has relevance, e.g. mass-specific maintenance, starvation and the kinetics of lipophyllic compounds (such as pesticides), since reserve is relatively rich in lipids in fish. Also, unlike chondrichthyans, the size at birth is very small and not linked to ultimate size; we discuss the implications. Actinopterygians allocate more to soma, compared with chondrichthyans; the latter allocate more to maturity or reproduction. Actinopterygians, Actinistia and Dipnoi are near the supply-end of the supply-demand spectrum, while chondrichthyans clearly show demand properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstadia Lika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Starrlight Augustine
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastiaan A L M Kooijman
- Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marn N, Lika K, Augustine S, Goussen B, Ebeling M, Heckmann D, Gergs A. Energetic basis for bird ontogeny and egg-laying applied to the bobwhite quail. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac063. [PMID: 36159740 PMCID: PMC9492269 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Birds build up their reproductive system and undergo major tissue remodeling for each reproductive season. Energetic specifics of this process are still not completely clear, despite the increasing interest. We focused on the bobwhite quail - one of the most intensely studied species due to commercial and conservation interest - to elucidate the energy fluxes associated with reproduction, including the fate of the extra assimilates ingested prior to and during reproduction. We used the standard Dynamic Energy Budget model, which is a mechanistic process-based model capable of fully specifying and predicting the life cycle of the bobwhite quail: its growth, maturation and reproduction. We expanded the standard model with an explicit egg-laying module and formulated and tested two hypotheses for energy allocation of extra assimilates associated with reproduction: Hypothesis 1, that the energy and nutrients are used directly for egg production; and Hypothesis 2, that the energy is mostly spent fueling the increased metabolic costs incurred by building up and maintaining the reproductive system and, subsequently, by egg-laying itself. Our results suggest that Hypothesis 2 is the more likely energy pathway. Model predictions capture well the whole ontogeny of a generalized northern bobwhite quail and are able to reproduce most of the data variability via variability in (i) egg size, (ii) egg-laying rate and (iii) inter-individual physiological variability modeled via the zoom factor, i.e. assimilation potential. Reliable models with a capacity to predict physiological responses of individuals are relevant not only for experimental setups studying effects of various natural and anthropogenic pressures on the quail as a bird model organism, but also for wild quail management and conservation. The model is, with minor modifications, applicable to other species of interest, making it a most valuable tool in the emerging field of conservation physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstadia Lika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Starrlight Augustine
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Markus Ebeling
- Bayer AG Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - David Heckmann
- Bayer AG Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Andre Gergs
- Bayer AG Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwartz AV, Sant KE, Navarrete J, George UZ. Mathematical modeling of the interaction between yolk utilization and fish growth in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development 2021; 148:261800. [PMID: 33960383 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimal embryonic development plays a major role in the health of an individual beyond the developmental stage. Nutritional perturbation during development is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. With both nutritional uptake and overall growth being risk factors for eventual health, it is necessary to understand not only the behavior of the processes during development but also their interactions. In this study, we used differential equations, image analyses, curve fittings, parameter estimation and laboratory experiments to quantify the rate of yolk absorption and its effect on early development of a vertebrate model (Danio rerio). Findings from this study establish a nonlinear functional relationship between nutrient absorption and early fish growth. We found that the rate of change in fish length and yolk utilization is logistic, that is the yolk decays rapidly for a period of time before leveling out. An interesting finding from this study is that yolk utilization reaches its maximum at 84 h post-fertilization. We validated our mathematical models against experimental observations, making them powerful tools for replication and future simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Schwartz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian Navarrete
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Uduak Z George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goussen B, Rendal C, Sheffield D, Butler E, Price OR, Ashauer R. Bioenergetics modelling to analyse and predict the joint effects of multiple stressors: Meta-analysis and model corroboration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141509. [PMID: 32827825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of the combined effects of multiple stressors-including stress from man-made chemicals-is important for conservation management, the ecological risk assessment of chemicals, and many other ecological applications. Our current ability to predict and analyse the joint effects of multiple stressors is insufficient to make the prospective risk assessment of chemicals more ecologically relevant because we lack a full understanding of how organisms respond to stress factors alone and in combination. Here, we describe a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) based bioenergetics model that predicts the potential effects of single or multiple natural and chemical stressors on life history traits. We demonstrate the plausibility of the model using a meta-analysis of 128 existing studies on freshwater invertebrates. We then validate our model by comparing its predictions for a combination of three stressors (i.e. chemical, temperature, and food availability) with new, independent experimental data on life history traits in the daphnid Ceriodaphnia dubia. We found that the model predictions are in agreement with observed growth curves and reproductive traits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the combined effects of three stress factors on life history traits observed in laboratory studies have been predicted successfully in invertebrates. We suggest that a re-analysis of existing studies on multiple stressors within the modelling framework outlined here will provide a robust null model for identifying stressor interactions, and expect that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will arise from these new analyses. Bioenergetics modelling could be applied more broadly to support environmental management decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Goussen
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
| | - Cecilie Rendal
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - David Sheffield
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Emma Butler
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Oliver R Price
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kernen L, Rieder J, Duus A, Holbech H, Segner H, Bailey C. Thymus development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) from an ecoimmunology perspective. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:805-819. [PMID: 33306886 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is present in all gnathostome vertebrates and is an essential organ for the adaptive immune system via the generation of functional mature T-cells. Over the life span of mammals, the thymus undergoes morphological and functional alterations, including an age-related involution, which in humans starts in early life. Life history tradeoffs have been suggested as possible reasons for thymus involution. While in teleost fish, only a few studies have investigated alterations of thymus structure and function over different life stages, resulting in a fragmented database. Here, we investigated the thymus growth of zebrafish (Danio rerio) from early life, throughout puberty and reproductive stage, up to 1-year-old. We assessed thymus growth by histological and morphometric analyses and thymocyte numbers. Thymus function was assessed by measuring the transcripts of the thymocyte marker genes, ikaros, tcrα, and tcrδ. Additionally, we analyzed gonad maturity and tail homogenate vitellogenin concentrations to align thymus status with the status of the reproductive system. Our results showed that the zebrafish thymus, in contrast to the human thymus, grew strongly during early life and puberty but started to undergo involution when the fish reached the reproductive age. The involution was characterized by reduced thymus area and thymocyte number, altered histoarchitecture, and decreasing thymocyte marker gene transcript levels. Our findings suggest that age-related changes of the zebrafish thymus do exist and could be partly explained in terms of resource tradeoffs, but also in terms of the ontogenetically late development of a functional adaptive immune system in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kernen
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Rieder
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Duus
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christyn Bailey
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren JS, Jin X, Yang T, Kooijman SA, Shan X. A dynamic energy budget model for small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis: Parameterisation and application in its main geographic distribution waters. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Kooijman SA, Lika K, Augustine S, Marn N, Kooi BW. The energetic basis of population growth in animal kingdom. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
13
|
Contribution of a bioenergetics model to investigate the growth and survival of European seabass in the Bay of Biscay – English Channel area. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Hatef A, Unniappan S. Metabolic hormones and the regulation of spermatogenesis in fishes. Theriogenology 2019; 134:121-128. [PMID: 31167155 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic hormones play essential regulatory roles in many biological processes, including morphogenesis, growth, and reproduction through the maintenance of energy balance. Various metabolic hormones originally discovered in mammals, including ghrelin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 have been identified and characterized in fish. However, physiological roles of these metabolic hormones in regulating reproduction are largely unknown in fishes, especially in males. While the information available is restricted, this review attempts to summarize the main findings on the roles of metabolic peptides on the reproductive system in male fishes with an emphasis on testicular development and spermatogenesis. Specifically, the primary goal is to review the physiological interactions between hormones that regulate reproduction and hormones that regulate metabolism as a critical determinant of testicular function. A brief introduction to the localization of metabolic hormones in fish testis is also provided. Besides, the consequences of fasting and food deprivation on testicular development and sperm quality will be discussed with a focus on interactions between metabolic and reproductive hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hatef
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee CJ, Paull GC, Tyler CR. Effects of environmental enrichment on survivorship, growth, sex ratio and behaviour in laboratory maintained zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:86-95. [PMID: 30443966 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment involves increasing the complexity of a fish's environment in order to improve welfare. Researchers are legally obliged to consider the welfare of laboratory animals and poor welfare may result in less robust data in experimental science. Laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio are usually kept in bare aquaria for ease of husbandry and, despite being a well-studied species, little is known about how laboratory housing affects their welfare. This study shows that environmental enrichment, in the form of the addition of gravel substratum and plants into the tank, affects survivorship, growth and behaviour in laboratory-maintained D. rerio. Larvae reared in enriched tanks had significantly higher survivorship compared with larvae reared in bare tanks. Effects of the tank conditions on growth were more variable. Females from enriched tanks had a higher body condition than females maintained in bare tanks, but intriguingly this was not the case for males, where the only difference was a more variable body condition in males maintained in bare tanks. Sex ratio in the rearing tanks did not differ between treatments. Resource monopolisation was higher for fish in enriched tanks than for those in bare tanks. Fish from enriched tanks displayed lower levels of behaviours associated with anxiety compared with fish from bare tanks when placed into a novel environment. Thus, this study demonstrates differences in welfare for D. rerio maintained under different environmental conditions with enhancements in welfare more commonly associated with tank enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole J Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gregory C Paull
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grossowicz M, Marques GM, van Voorn GA. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model to describe population dynamics of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
17
|
Augustine S. Maturity as quantifier for physiological time: Comment on "Physics of metabolic organization" by Marko Jusup et al. Phys Life Rev 2017; 20:40-42. [PMID: 28094143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Starrlight Augustine
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram High North Research Centre for Climate & Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Liu W, Mu X, Qi S, Fu B, Wang C. Biological response of zebrafish embryos after short-term exposure to thifluzamide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38485. [PMID: 27924917 PMCID: PMC5141451 DOI: 10.1038/srep38485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thifluzamide is a new amide fungicide, and its extensive application may have toxic effects on zebrafish. To better understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated in detail the potential toxic effects of thifluzamide on zebrafish embryos. In the present study, embryos were exposed to 0, 0.19, 1.90, and 2.85 mg/L thifluzamide for 4 days. Obvious pathological changes were found upon a histological exam, and negative changes in mitochondrial structure were observed under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which qualitatively noted the toxic effects of thifluzamide on embryos. Moreover, we quantitatively evaluated the enzyme activities [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), caspases], the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the expression levels of the related genes. This study suggests that the negative changes in mitochondrial structure and SDH activity might be responsible for oxidative damage, cell apoptosis and inflammation, which would facilitate the action of these factors in cell death and might play a crucial role during toxic events. In addition to providing the first description of the mechanism of the toxic effects of thifluzamide on embryos, this study also represents a step towards using embryos to assess mitochondrial metabolism and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Center of Fishery Resources and Ecology Environment Research, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jager T, Salaberria I, Altin D, Nordtug T, Hansen BH. Modelling the dynamics of growth, development and lipid storage in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. MARINE BIOLOGY 2016; 164:1. [PMID: 27980349 PMCID: PMC5126210 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-3030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic models are essential tools for interpreting and predicting the consequences of a changing environment and stressors such as pollution on the life histories of marine organisms. Here, we apply the simple and generic energy-budget model DEBkiss to the life history of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Model modifications were needed to accommodate the copepod life cycle, which deviates in several respects from most other animals (e.g., a sudden stop of growth after the final moult). We identified an acceleration of growth in the early copepodite stages, which could be linked to an increase in the specific feeding rate of the animals. Lipid storage, an essential element of C. finmarchicus biology, was successfully captured with the reproduction buffer of the DEBkiss model. The resulting model was fitted to a detailed data set from the literature and was able to explain growth, development and lipid storage from egg to adult, at different temperatures and food availabilities, within a single consistent framework. The parameterised model could subsequently be used to elucidate the energetic constraints on gonad maturation and reproduction. Interestingly, the overhead costs for egg production seem to be substantially higher than the default value applied in DEB-based studies. The current model provides a solid basis for applications in stress ecology, although our model analysis also identified several knowledge gaps. Specifically, further research is needed to cover the dynamics of diapause and gonad maturation, to explain the dependence of maximum body size on food and temperature, and to verify the predicted high costs for maturity maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iurgi Salaberria
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Marine Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Marine Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rohr JR, Salice CJ, Nisbet RM. The pros and cons of ecological risk assessment based on data from different levels of biological organization. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:756-84. [PMID: 27340745 PMCID: PMC5141515 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1190685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is the process used to evaluate the safety of manufactured chemicals to the environment. Here we review the pros and cons of ERA across levels of biological organization, including suborganismal (e.g., biomarkers), individual, population, community, ecosystem and landscapes levels. Our review revealed that level of biological organization is often related negatively with ease at assessing cause-effect relationships, ease of high-throughput screening of large numbers of chemicals (it is especially easier for suborganismal endpoints), and uncertainty of the ERA because low levels of biological organization tend to have a large distance between their measurement (what is quantified) and assessment endpoints (what is to be protected). In contrast, level of biological organization is often related positively with sensitivity to important negative and positive feedbacks and context dependencies within biological systems, and ease at capturing recovery from adverse contaminant effects. Some endpoints did not show obvious trends across levels of biological organization, such as the use of vertebrate animals in chemical testing and ease at screening large numbers of species, and other factors lacked sufficient data across levels of biological organization, such as repeatability, variability, cost per study and cost per species of effects assessment, the latter of which might be a more defensible way to compare costs of ERAs than cost per study. To compensate for weaknesses of ERA at any particular level of biological organization, we also review mathematical modeling approaches commonly used to extrapolate effects across levels of organization. Finally, we provide recommendations for next generation ERA, submitting that if there is an ideal level of biological organization to conduct ERA, it will only emerge if ERA is approached simultaneously from the bottom of biological organization up as well as from the top down, all while employing mathematical modeling approaches where possible to enhance ERA. Because top-down ERA is unconventional, we also offer some suggestions for how it might be implemented efficaciously. We hope this review helps researchers in the field of ERA fill key information gaps and helps risk assessors identify the best levels of biological organization to conduct ERAs with differing goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger M. Nisbet
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodríguez-Estrada J, Sobrino-Figueroa AS, Martínez-Jerónimo F. Effect of sublethal α-cypermethrin exposure on main macromolecules concentration, energy content, and malondialdehyde concentration in free-feeding Danio rerio larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:859-868. [PMID: 26687149 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Cypermethrin (Cyp) is a synthetic insecticide used to control pests in agricultural crops and to protect human health against noxious insects; this toxic can reach aquatic systems through ground infiltration or by runoff and could affect the aquatic biota. The present study was aimed at evaluating the acute toxicity of Cyp on zebrafish (Danio rerio) exogenous feeding larvae of 10 and 20 days post-fertilization (dpf), and of sublethal concentrations on only 10-dpf larvae. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration, and total energy contents, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification, through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as a lipid peroxidation biomarker, were assessed in free-feeding larvae exposed to sublethal Cyp concentrations. The LC50 for 10-dpf larvae was 1.94 µg L(-1), and these were more sensitive than 20-dpf larvae (3.56 µg L(-1)). The amount of protein, carbohydrates, and glycogen were not significantly affected (p > 0.05), but sublethal Cyp concentrations exposure caused decrement in lipids from 9.05 to 3.74 µg larva(-1), as well as a reduction in MDA and in the total energy content, which affected significantly the development of this fish. Although Cyp is considered an insecticide of reduced residual effect in the environment, the present study revealed that relatively low Cyp concentrations produced significant toxic effects on exogenous feeding fish larvae, a situation that could contribute to increase deaths during this already critical developmental stage in which high mortality is observed frequently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Estrada
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
- Experimental Hydrobiology Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Alma Socorro Sobrino-Figueroa
- Laboratory Alejandro Villalobos, Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Experimental Hydrobiology Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Qi S, Wang D, Wang K, Zhu L, Chai T, Wang C. Toxic effects of thifluzamide on zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:127-136. [PMID: 26780700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thifluzamide is a fungicide widely used to control crop diseases, and it therefore constitutes a hazard to the environment. In this study, zebrafish were selected to assess the aquatic toxicity of thifluzamide. The acute and development toxicity of thifluzamide to embryos, larvae, and adult zebrafish were measured and the corresponding 96h-LC50 values were as follows: adult fish (4.19mg/L) <larvae (3.52mg/L) <embryos (3.08mg/L). A large suite of symptoms was found in these three stages of zebrafish, including abnormal spontaneous movement, slow heartbeat, hatching inhibition, growth regression, and morphological deformities. In addition, for adult zebrafish, distinct pathological changes were noted in liver and kidney 21 days post exposure (dpe) to 0.19, 1.33, and 2.76mg/L. Liver damage was more severe than kidney damage. In another 28 days exposure of adult zebrafish to 0.019, 0.19, and 1.90mg/L, negative changes in mitochondrial structure and enzymes activities [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and respiratory chain complexes] were found. These might be responsible for the adverse expansion of the apoptosis- and immune-related genes, which would facilitate the action of these factors in programmed cell death and might play a key role during the toxic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Beaudouin R, Goussen B, Piccini B, Augustine S, Devillers J, Brion F, Péry ARR. An individual-based model of zebrafish population dynamics accounting for energy dynamics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125841. [PMID: 25938409 PMCID: PMC4418570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing population dynamics models for zebrafish is crucial in order to extrapolate from toxicity data measured at the organism level to biological levels relevant to support and enhance ecological risk assessment. To achieve this, a dynamic energy budget for individual zebrafish (DEB model) was coupled to an individual based model of zebrafish population dynamics (IBM model). Next, we fitted the DEB model to new experimental data on zebrafish growth and reproduction thus improving existing models. We further analysed the DEB-model and DEB-IBM using a sensitivity analysis. Finally, the predictions of the DEB-IBM were compared to existing observations on natural zebrafish populations and the predicted population dynamics are realistic. While our zebrafish DEB-IBM model can still be improved by acquiring new experimental data on the most uncertain processes (e.g. survival or feeding), it can already serve to predict the impact of compounds at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Beaudouin
- Unité Modèles pour l’Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Benoit Goussen
- Unité Modèles pour l’Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo (ECOT), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Starrlight Augustine
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | | | - François Brion
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo (ECOT), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Alexandre R. R. Péry
- Unité Modèles pour l’Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lika K, Pavlidis M, Mitrizakis N, Samaras A, Papandroulakis N. Do experimental units of different scale affect the biological performance of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1271-85. [PMID: 25846855 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different tank volumes (2000, 500 and 40 l) on European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval rearing, relating to growth, survival, quality and stress variables, were investigated. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model was used to analyse the results. The hydrodynamics of the tanks exhibited differences, with the water currents in the 2000 l tanks to be almost one order of magnitude stronger than those in the 40 l ones. Important differences in fish growth were observed between small and large tank-rearing volumes, with the smallest tank resulting in the slowest growth. Based on the DEB model analysis, growth differences were related to feeding rates, with growth in the smaller tank limited by food availability. Differences in survival rates were not statistically significant among the tank-rearing volumes. The quality evaluation of the fry (in terms of swimbladder, jaw and skeletal abnormalities) showed differences, with the smallest tank having the highest percentage of deformed individuals. This could be attributed to both the feeding variances and the hydrodynamics in the tanks. No differences were observed in terms of whole-body cortisol at the two developmental stages; flexion, and when the larvae body was fully covered by melanophores; when analysis was performed. This indicates that the allostatic load exerted on fish of different groups was similar and inside the fish-coping abilities range, in terms of the cortisol response axis. The selection of the experimental scale is of importance, especially when the results are to be transferred and applied on an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Lika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Augustine S, Pereira S, Floriani M, Camilleri V, Kooijman SALM, Gagnaire B, Adam-Guillermin C. Effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne depleted uranium on the digestive tract of zebrafish, Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 142:45-53. [PMID: 25633624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a naturally occurring element, but activities linked to the nuclear fuel cycle can increase background levels in the surrounding waters. For this reason it is important to understand how this affects organisms residing in the water column. The objective of this study was to assess histopathological effects of uranium on the gut wall of a widely used model organism: zebrafish, Danio rerio. To this end we exposed zebrafish to 84 and 420 nM depleted uranium for over a month and then examined the histology of intestines of exposed individuals compared to controls. The gut wall of individuals exposed to 84 and 420 nM of uranium had large regions of degraded mucosa. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX) we found that uranium induced a decrease in the amount of calcium containing mitochondrial matrix granules per mitochondria. This is suggestive of perturbations to cellular metabolism and more specifically to cellular calcium homeostasis. TEM-EDX of the gut wall tissue further showed that some uranium was internalized in the nucleus of epithelial cells in the 420 nM treatment. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using specific probes to detect all eubacteria was performed on frozen sections of 6 individual fish in the 84 nM and 420 nM treatments. Bacterial colonization of the gut of individuals in the 420 nM seemed to differ from that of the controls and 84 nM individuals. We suggest that host-microbiota interactions are potentially disturbed in response to uranium induced stress. The damage induced by waterborne uranium to the gut wall did not seem to depend on the concentration of uranium in the media. We measure whole body residues of uranium at the end of the experiment and compute the mean dose rate absorbed for each condition. We discuss why effects might be uncoupled from external concentration and highlight that it is not so much the external concentration but the dynamics of internalization which are important players in the game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Starrlight Augustine
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France; CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Equipe de Radiobiologie, Cheney A- 1er étage, 28 Rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Magali Floriani
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | | | - Béatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Plasma nesfatin-1 is not affected by long-term food restriction and does not predict rematuration among iteroparous female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS One 2014; 9:e85700. [PMID: 24416444 PMCID: PMC3887096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic peptide hormone nesfatin-1 has been linked to the reproductive axis in fishes. The purpose of this study was to determine how energy availability after spawning affects plasma levels of nesfatin-1, the metabolic peptide hormone ghrelin, and sex steroid hormones in rematuring female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To limit reproductive maturation, a group of female trout was food-restricted after spawning and compared with a control group that was fed a standard broodstock ration. The experiment was conducted twice, once using two-year-old trout (second-time spawners) and once using three-year-old trout (third-time spawners). During monthly sampling, blood was collected from all fish, and a subset of fish from each treatment was sacrificed for pituitaries. Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone-beta (fsh-β) mRNA expression was analyzed with q-RT-PCR; plasma hormone levels were quantified by radioimmunoassay (17β-estradiol and ghrelin) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (11-keto-testosterone and nesfatin-1). Although plasma nesfatin-1 levels increased significantly in the months immediately after spawning within both feeding treatments, plasma nesfatin-1 did not differ significantly between the two treatments at any point. Similarly, plasma ghrelin levels did not differ significantly between the two treatments at any point. Food restriction arrested ovarian development by 15–20 weeks after spawning, shown by significantly lower plasma E2 levels among restricted-ration fish. Pituitary fsh-β mRNA levels were higher among control-ration fish than restricted-ration fish starting at 20 weeks, but did not differ significantly between treatment groups until 30 weeks after spawning. Within both treatment groups, plasma 11-KT was elevated immediately after spawning and rapidly decreased to and persisted at low levels; starting between 20 and 25 weeks after spawning, plasma 11-KT was higher among control-ration fish than restricted-ration fish. The results from these experiments do not provide support for plasma nesfatin-1 as a signal for the initiation of reproductive development in rematuring female rainbow trout.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
In this review, we present an overview of the recent advances of genomic technologies applied to studies of fish species belonging to the superclass of Osteichthyes (bony fish) with a major emphasis on the infraclass of Teleostei, also called teleosts. This superclass that represents more than 50% of all known vertebrate species has gained considerable attention from genome researchers in the last decade. We discuss many examples that demonstrate that this highly deserved attention is currently leading to new opportunities for answering important biological questions on gene function and evolutionary processes. In addition to giving an overview of the technologies that have been applied for studying various fish species we put the recent advances in genome research on the model species zebrafish and medaka in the context of its impact for studies of all fish of the superclass of Osteichthyes. We thereby want to illustrate how the combined value of research on model species together with a broad angle perspective on all bony fish species will have a huge impact on research in all fields of fundamental science and will speed up applications in many societally important areas such as the development of new medicines, toxicology test systems, environmental sensing systems and sustainable aquaculture strategies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin YS, Chu CC, Tsui PH, Chang CC. Evaluation of zebrafish brain development using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:668-678. [PMID: 22961725 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a well-established model system used to study and understand various human biological processes. The present study used OCT to investigate growth of the adult zebrafish brain. Twenty zebrafish were studied, using their standard lengths as indicators of their age. Zebrafish brain aging was evaluated by analyzing signal attenuation rates and texture features in regions of interest (ROIs). Optical scattering originates from light interaction with biological structures. During development, the zebrafish brain gains cells. Signal attenuation rate, therefore, increases with increasing zebrafish brain age. This study's analyses of texture features could not identify aging in zebrafish brain. These results, therefore, indicated that the OCT signal attenuation rate can indicate zebrafish brain aging, and its analysis provides a more effective means of observing zebrafish brain aging than texture features analysis. Using OCT system could further increase the technique's potential for recognition and monitoring of zebrafish brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jager T, Martin BT, Zimmer EI. DEBkiss or the quest for the simplest generic model of animal life history. J Theor Biol 2013; 328:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
31
|
Kooijman SALM. Waste to hurry: dynamic energy budgets explain the need of wasting to fully exploit blooming resources. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Yolky eggs prepare for metabolic acceleration. J Math Biol 2012; 66:795-805. [PMID: 23053538 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Embryos convert some of their reserve into structure during development. At birth, enough must be left for further maturation, which implicitly defines the minimum amount of initial reserve. The maximum amount occurs if the mother is well-fed. Yolkiness is defined as the ratio of the maximum and the minimum amounts of initial reserve of an animal egg. Embryo development is frequently slower than can be expected on the basis of late juvenile and adult development. So development accelerates during the early juvenile stage, quantified as the ratio of the lengths at metamorphosis and at birth; during acceleration maximum specific assimilation and energy conductance increase with length. Parameters of the standard DEB model have now been estimated for some 165 species, and the goodness of fit with data is typically very good. These parameters have been used to quantify yolkiness and metabolic acceleration and a clear proportionality relationship resulted. I present some suggestions for explanations in the context of life histories.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lawrence C, Adatto I, Best J, James A, Maloney K. Generation time of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medakas (Oryzias latipes) housed in the same aquaculture facility. Lab Anim (NY) 2012; 41:158-65. [PMID: 22614091 DOI: 10.1038/laban0612-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish and the medaka are both important model organisms in biomedical research. Both species are frequently characterized as having a generation time of approximately 2-4 months, but the precise onset of sexual maturity and the variability of reproductive success with age have not been previously examined. The authors studied reproduction in replicate groups of wild-type zebrafish (strain AB) and medakas (strain Cab) that were maintained together in the same aquaculture system. Length, weight and survival of the fish were measured and recorded once per week. Reproductive success and viability of offspring were also evaluated. Both zebrafish and medakas began producing viable embryos within 60 d post-fertilization. These findings show that it is possible to successfully maintain populations of both species within the same research infrastructure without compromising reproductive success or embryo viability.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mueller CA, Augustine S, Kooijman SA, Kearney MR, Seymour RS. The trade-off between maturation and growth during accelerated development in frogs. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Augustine S, Gagnaire B, Adam-Guillermin C, Kooijman SALM. Effects of uranium on the metabolism of zebrafish, Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 118-119:9-26. [PMID: 22494962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for nuclear energy results in heightened levels of uranium (U) in aquatic systems which present a potential health hazard to resident organisms. The aim of this study was to mechanistically assess how chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of U perturbs the complex interplay between feeding, growth, maintenance, maturation and reproduction throughout the life-cycle of an individual. To this end we analysed literature-based and original zebrafish toxicity data within a same mass and energy balancing conceptual framework. U was found to increase somatic maintenance leading to inhibition of spawning as well as increase hazard rate and costs for growth during the early life stages. The fish's initial conditions and elimination through reproduction greatly affected toxico-kinetics and effects. We demonstrate that growth and reproduction should be measured on specific individuals since mean values were hardly interpretable. The mean food level differed between experiments, conditions and individuals. This last 'detail' contributed substantially to the observed variability by its combined effect on metabolism, toxic effects and toxico-kinetics. The significance of this work is that we address exactly how these issues are related and derive conclusions which are independent of experimental protocol and coherent with a very large body of literature on zebrafish eco-physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Starrlight Augustine
- Laboratory of Radionuclide Ecotoxicology, PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Caradache, Building 186, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Béatrice Gagnaire
- Laboratory of Radionuclide Ecotoxicology, PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Caradache, Building 186, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Laboratory of Radionuclide Ecotoxicology, PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Caradache, Building 186, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Sebastiaan A L M Kooijman
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|