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Gibbin EM, Chakravarti LJ, Jarrold MD, Christen F, Turpin V, Massamba N'Siala G, Blier PU, Calosi P. Can multi-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification lead to the adaptation of life history and physiology in a marine metazoan? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:551-563. [PMID: 27903701 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.149989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification are concomitant global drivers that are currently threatening the survival of marine organisms. How species will respond to these changes depends on their capacity for plastic and adaptive responses. Little is known about the mechanisms that govern plasticity and adaptability or how global changes will influence these relationships across multiple generations. Here, we exposed the emerging model marine polychaete Ophryotrocha labronica to conditions simulating ocean warming and acidification, in isolation and in combination over five generations to identify: (i) how multiple versus single global change drivers alter both juvenile and adult life-history traits; (ii) the mechanistic link between adult physiological and fitness-related life-history traits; and (iii) whether the phenotypic changes observed over multiple generations are of plastic and/or adaptive origin. Two juvenile (developmental rate; survival to sexual maturity) and two adult (average reproductive body size; fecundity) life-history traits were measured in each generation, in addition to three physiological (cellular reactive oxygen species content, mitochondrial density, mitochondrial capacity) traits. We found that multi-generational exposure to warming alone caused an increase in juvenile developmental rate, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial density, decreases in average reproductive body size and fecundity, and fluctuations in mitochondrial capacity, relative to control conditions. Exposure to ocean acidification alone had only minor effects on juvenile developmental rate. Remarkably, when both drivers of global change were present, only mitochondrial capacity was significantly affected, suggesting that ocean warming and acidification act as opposing vectors of stress across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Gibbin
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland .,Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Leela J Chakravarti
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
| | - Michael D Jarrold
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
| | - Felix Christen
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Vincent Turpin
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Gloria Massamba N'Siala
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
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Kake-Guena SA, Touisse K, Vergilino R, Dufresne F, Blier PU, Lemieux H. Assessment of mitochondrial functions inDaphnia pulexclones using high-resolution respirometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:292-300. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Touisse
- Campus Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Roland Vergilino
- Département de biologie; Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale Intégrative; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de biologie; Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale Intégrative; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Département de biologie; Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale Intégrative; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Campus Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Welker AF, Moreira DC, Campos ÉG, Hermes-Lima M. Role of redox metabolism for adaptation of aquatic animals to drastic changes in oxygen availability. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:384-404. [PMID: 23587877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large changes in oxygen availability in aquatic environments, ranging from anoxia through to hyperoxia, can lead to corresponding wide variation in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by animals with aquatic respiration. Therefore, animals living in marine, estuarine and freshwater environments have developed efficient antioxidant defenses to minimize oxidative stress and to regulate the cellular actions of ROS. Changes in oxygen levels may lead to bursts of ROS generation that can be particularly harmful. This situation is commonly experienced by aquatic animals during abrupt transitions from periods of hypoxia/anoxia back to oxygenated conditions (e.g. intertidal cycles). The strategies developed differ significantly among aquatic species and are (i) improvement of their endogenous antioxidant system under hyperoxia (that leads to increased ROS formation) or other similar ROS-related stresses, (ii) increase in antioxidant levels when displaying higher metabolic rates, (iii) presence of constitutively high levels of antioxidants, that attenuates oxidative stress derived from fluctuations in oxygen availability, or (iv) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (and/or the levels of their mRNAs) during hypometabolic states associated with anoxia/hypoxia. This enhancement of the antioxidant system - coined over a decade ago as "preparation for oxidative stress" - controls the possible harmful effects of increased ROS formation during hypoxia/reoxygenation. The present article proposes a novel explanation for the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon that could be triggered by hypoxia-induced ROS formation. We also discuss the connections among oxygen sensing, oxidative damage and regulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense apparatus in animals adapted to many natural or man-made challenges of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis F Welker
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900 DF, Brazil
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Sussarellu R, Dudognon T, Fabioux C, Soudant P, Moraga D, Kraffe E. Rapid mitochondrial adjustments in response to short-term hypoxia and re-oxygenation in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1561-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.075879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Summary
As oxygen concentrations in marine coastal habitats can fluctuate rapidly and drastically, sessile marine organisms like the oyster Crassostrea gigas can experience marked and rapid oxygen variations. In this study, we investigated the responses of oyster gill mitochondria to short-term hypoxia (3 h and 12 h, at 1.7 mg O2 L-1) and subsequent re-oxygenation. Mitochondrial respiratory rates (state 3 and 4 stimulated by glutamate), phosphorylation efficiency (RCR ratio and ADP/O) were measured. Cytochrome c oxidase activity (CCO) and cytochrome concentrations (a, b, c1, c) were measured to investigate the rearrangements of respiratory chain subunits. The potential implication of an alternative oxidase (AOX) was investigated using an inhibitor of the respiratory chain (antimycin A) and through gene expression analysis in gills and digestive gland. Results indicate a down regulation of mitochondrial capacity, with 60% inhibition of respiratory rates after 12 h of hypoxia. RCR ratio remained stable, while ADP/O increased after 12 h of hypoxia and 1 h of re-oxygenation, suggesting increased phosphorylation efficiency. CCO showed a fast and remarkable increase of its catalytic activity only after 3 h of hypoxia. AOX mRNA levels showed similar patterns in gill and digestive gland, and were up regulated after 12 and 24 h of hypoxia and during re-oxygenation. Results suggest a set of controls in regulating mitochondrial functions in response to oxygen fluctuations and demonstrate the fast and extreme plasticity of oyster mitochondria in response to oxygen variations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Dudognon
- UMR CNRS 6539-LEMAR, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France
| | | | | | - Dario Moraga
- UMR CNRS 6539-LEMAR, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France
| | - Edouard Kraffe
- UMR CNRS 6539-LEMAR, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France
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