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Péron M, Gonzalvez R, Hue S, Soudant P, Le Grand F, Mazurais D, Vagner M. Spatial and ontogenetic modulation of fatty acid composition in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from two French estuaries. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106456. [PMID: 38522120 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated how estuary of origin and ontogenetic stage influence the fatty acid (FA) composition in the tissues of wild European sea bass juvenile. We evidenced tissue-specific patterns, with the brain exhibiting a distinct FA composition from the liver and muscle. Ontogenetic stage and estuary influenced the general FA profile, and particularly the essential FA (EFA) like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) in all tissues. The data also revealed the ability of wild sea bass to modulate, at the molecular level, FA biosynthesis pathways and suggest a potential dietary DHA limitation in the natural environment. The distribution of FA within tissues might reflect shifts in diet, metabolic demands, or adaptations to environmental conditions. This study provides insights about FA dynamics in euryhaline fish during juvenile life stage, improving our understanding of the metabolism need and EFA trophic availability in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Péron
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France.
| | - Romain Gonzalvez
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Sarah Hue
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO - Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université du Havre Normandie, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
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Itoïz S, Mouronvalle C, Perennou M, Chailler E, Smits M, Derelle E, Metz S, Le Goïc N, Bidault A, de Montaudouin X, Arzul I, Soudant P, Chambouvet A. Co-infection of two eukaryotic pathogens within clam populations in Arcachon Bay. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1250947. [PMID: 38260876 PMCID: PMC10800547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasitic species Perkinsus olseni (= atlanticus) (Perkinsea, Alveolata) infects a wide range of mollusc species and is responsible for mortality events and economic losses in the aquaculture industry and fisheries worldwide. Thus far, most studies conducted in this field have approached the problem from a "one parasite-one disease" perspective, notably with regards to commercially relevant clam species, while the impact of other Perkinsus species should also be considered as it could play a key role in the disease phenotype and dynamics. Co-infection of P. olseni and P. chesapeaki has already been sporadically described in Manila clam populations in Europe. Here, we describe for the first time the parasitic distribution of two Perkinsus species, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki, in individual clam organs and in five different locations across Arcachon Bay (France), using simultaneous in situ detection by quantitative PCR (qPCR) duplex methodology. We show that P. olseni single-infection largely dominated prevalence (46-84%) with high intensities of infection (7.2 to 8.5 log-nb of copies. g-1of wet tissue of Manila clam) depending on location, suggesting that infection is driven by the abiotic characteristics of stations and physiological states of the host. Conversely, single P. chesapeaki infections were observed in only two sampling stations, Ile aux Oiseaux and Gujan, with low prevalences 2 and 14%, respectively. Interestingly, the co-infection by both Perkinsus spp., ranging in prevalence from 12 to 34%, was distributed across four stations of Arcachon Bay, and was detected in one or two organs maximum. Within these co-infected organs, P. olseni largely dominated the global parasitic load. Hence, the co-infection dynamics between P. olseni and P. chesapeaki may rely on a facilitating role of P. olseni in developing a primary infection which in turn may help P. chesapeaki infect R. philippinarum as a reservoir for a preferred host. This ecological study demonstrates that the detection and quantification of both parasitic species, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki, is essential and timely in resolving cryptic infections and their consequences on individual hosts and clam populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itoïz
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Clara Mouronvalle
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR CRIOBE, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Elisa Chailler
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
| | - Morgan Smits
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Sebastian Metz
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Xavier de Montaudouin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR, Station Marine d’Arcachon, Arcachon, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Aurélie Chambouvet
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
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Péron M, Simon V, Le Grand F, Soudant P, Mazurais D, Vagner M. Non-lethal sampling method for the analysis of white muscle fatty acid profiles in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:1381-1390. [PMID: 37948014 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel non-lethal sampling method for assessing fatty acid (FA) composition in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using subcutaneous white muscle biopsies. This research aimed to evaluate the suitability of the biopsy for FA analysis using two lipid extraction protocols and comparing them to a lethal routine method. The results showed that a mass of fresh tissue as low as 1.4 mg provided good quality FA chromatograms for both reserve and membrane lipids. Although the biopsy method displayed high variability in terms of FA quantity among intra-individual replicates, it showed good FA profile repeatability in both reserve and membrane lipids. The study highlights the potential of this non-lethal approach for studying FA dynamics in fish, with its application being particularly promising for ecological and experimental studies. However, careful biopsy implementation is recommended to account for potential lipid droplet and lipid distribution variability within the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Péron
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Victor Simon
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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Metz S, Itoïz S, Obiol A, Derelle E, Massana R, Berney C, de Vargas C, Soudant P, Monier A, Chambouvet A. Global perspective of environmental distribution and diversity of Perkinsea (Alveolata) explored by a meta-analysis of eDNA surveys. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20111. [PMID: 37978260 PMCID: PMC10656510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Perkinsea constitutes a lineage within the Alveolata eukaryotic superphylum, mainly composed of parasitic organisms. Some described species represent significant ecological and economic threats due to their invasive ability and pathogenicity, which can lead to mortality events. However, the genetic diversity of these described species is just the tip of the iceberg. Environmental surveys targeting this lineage are still scarce and mainly limited to the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we aim to conduct an in depth exploration of the Perkinsea group, uncovering the diversity across a variety of environments, including those beyond freshwater and marine ecosystems. We seek to identify and describe putative novel organisms based on their genetic signatures. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis of a metabarcoding dataset, focusing on the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene (the EukBank dataset), to investigate the diversity, distribution and environmental preferences of the Perkinsea. Our results reveal a remarkable diversity within the Perkinsea, with 1568 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) identified across thousands of environmental samples. Surprisingly, we showed a substantial diversity of Perkinsea within soil samples (269 ASVs), challenging the previous assumption that this group is confined to marine and freshwater environments. In addition, we revealed that a notable proportion of Perkinsea ASVs (428 ASVs) could correspond to putative new organisms, encompassing the well-established taxonomic group Perkinsidae. Finally, our study shed light on previously unveiled taxonomic groups, including the Xcellidae, and revealed their environmental distribution. These findings demonstrate that Perkinsea exhibits far greater diversity than previously detected and surprisingly extends beyond marine and freshwater environments. The meta-analysis conducted in this study has unveiled the existence of previously unknown clusters within the Perkinsea lineage, solely identified based on their genetic signatures. Considering the ecological and economic importance of described Perkinsea species, these results suggest that Perkinsea may play a significant, yet previously unrecognized, role across a wide range of environments, spanning from soil environments to the abyssal zone of the open ocean with important implications for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Metz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Sarah Itoïz
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Univ Brest, Plouzané, France
- Rivages Pro Tech, 2, Allée Théodore Monod, 64210, Bidart, France
| | - Aleix Obiol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Massana
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cédric Berney
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Adam Monier
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Aurélie Chambouvet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.
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Sardenne F, Raynon T, Munaron JM, van der Lingen CD, Sadio O, Diop K, Brosset P, Lebigre C, Soudant P, Vagner M, Pecquerie L. Lipid-correction models for δ 13C values across small pelagic fishes (Clupeiformes) from the Atlantic Ocean. Mar Environ Res 2023; 192:106213. [PMID: 37783159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of δ13C values in trophic ecology requires standardization of the lipid content of organisms estimated through their C:N ratio. To avoid time-consuming lipid extractions, the use of mathematical corrections has been developed for many years, and the conclusions generally point in the direction of species-specific adjustment of the models. This study aimed at defining the maximum taxonomic level required to obtain the best corrected δ13C values in small pelagic fish of the order Clupeiformes. δ13C values of six species were analyzed bulk and lipid-free, and were used to fit and validate linear and mass-balance models at different taxonomic levels. Despite a species effect combined with the C:N ratio effect, the corrected δ13C values produced by a global model for the Clupeiformes were as good as or better when compared to lipid-free samples than those produced by species-specific models, paving the way for possible generalization to other species in this order. At the order level, the linear model outperformed the mass-balance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Sardenne
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Thomas Raynon
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Carl D van der Lingen
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oumar Sadio
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khady Diop
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Pablo Brosset
- UMR DECOD, Ifremer, INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Philippe Soudant
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Laure Pecquerie
- IRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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Long M, Lelong A, Bucciarelli E, Le Grand F, Hégaret H, Soudant P. Physiological adaptation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima under copper starvation. Mar Environ Res 2023; 188:105995. [PMID: 37087845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the open ocean and particularly in iron (Fe)-limited environment, copper (Cu) deficiency might limit the growth of phytoplankton species. Cu is an essential trace metal used in electron-transfer reactions, such as respiration and photosynthesis, when bound to specific enzymes. Some phytoplankton species, such as the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. can cope with Cu starvation through adaptative strategies. In this study, we investigated the physiological strategies of the marine diatom P. delicatissima against Cu starvation. Compared to the control, Cu starvation inhibited growth by 35%, but did not induce any excess mortality. Despite the bottleneck measured in the electron flow of the photosynthetic chain, cells of P. delicatissima conserved their photosynthesis ability. This photosynthesis maintenance was accompanied by structural changes of membranes, where pigments and lipid composition were strongly modified. Diatoms also strongly modified their metabolism, by redirecting their C allocation to energy storage under the form of triglycerides. By maintaining essential metabolic functions and storing energy under the form of lipids, these physiological adaptations might be a strategy enabling this diatom to later bloom under the return of favorable nutritional condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Long
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | - Aurélie Lelong
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Eva Bucciarelli
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Hélène Hégaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
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Mathieu-Resuge M, Le Grand F, Brosset P, Lebigre C, Soudant P, Vagner M, Pecquerie L, Sardenne F. Red muscle of small pelagic fishes’ fillets are high-quality sources of essential fatty acids. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Sardenne F, Millot R, Bessis E, Puccinelli E, Bideau A, Le Grand F, Durieux ÉDH, Soudant P. Changes in lipid and fatty acid contents of gonad during the reproductive cycle of the Mediterranean swordfish Xiphias gladius. Mar Environ Res 2022; 179:105668. [PMID: 35753161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Swordfish Xiphias gladius is a large pelagic fish distributed worldwide and exploited for human consumption, however there is limited knowledge about its reproductive biology, especially regarding lipid dynamic in gonads. In teleost fish, reproductive success and offspring survival are associated to lipid availability for gamete synthesis. This study investigated the lipid composition, including lipid classes and fatty acids (FA) of cell membrane and reserve lipids (i.e., polar and neutral lipids, respectively; PL and NL), along female and male gonad development of a swordfish population from waters surrounding Corsica Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, swordfish gonads contained <2% wet weight of total lipids, with testes and ovaries having similar fat content. Lipid classes and FA concentrations remained unchanged during testes maturation. However, concentrations of phosphatidyl choline (PL), triacylglycerol (NL), and some FA (16:0, 18:1n-9, and 22:6n-3) followed an "inverted U-shaped" relationship with the ovarian maturation. In both PL and NL, 22:6n-3 was the main polyunsaturated FA (>20% of total FA), while 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were minor (3-6% of total FA) and varied little with maturation. 22:6n-3 and 18:1n-9 were selectively allocated to the ovarian maturation (increased in concentration and in proportion with maturation) until spawning. Finally, swordfish gonads might represent a good food source for humans given that 150 g of swordfish ovaries can cover the daily requirements in omega-3 for humans, but research on pollutants should also be conducted to evaluate their implications on the reproduction output of this species, and on the safety of swordfish gonads for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Sardenne
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Remi Millot
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMS 3514 CNRS-UCPP Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620, Biguglia, France
| | - Elodie Bessis
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Antoine Bideau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Éric Dominique Henri Durieux
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMS 3514 CNRS-UCPP Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620, Biguglia, France; Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMR 6134 CNRS-UCPP Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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McFarland K, Rumbold D, Loh AN, Haynes L, Tolley SG, Gorman P, Welch B, Goodman P, Barnes TK, Doering PH, Soudant P, Volety AK. Effects of freshwater release on oyster reef density, reproduction, and disease in a highly modified estuary. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:96. [PMID: 35029759 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few estuaries remain unaffected by water management and altered freshwater deliveries. The Caloosahatchee River Estuary is a perfect case study for assessing the impact of altered hydrology on natural oyster reef (Crassostrea virginica) populations. The watershed has been highly modified and greatly enlarged by an artificial connection to Lake Okeechobee. Accordingly, to generate data to support water management recommendations, this study monitored various oyster biometrics over 15 years along the primary salinity gradient. Oyster reef densities were significantly affected by both prolonged high volume freshwater releases creating hyposaline conditions at upstream sites and by a lack of freshwater input creating hypersaline conditions at downstream sites. Low freshwater input led to an increase in disease caused by Perkinsus marinus and predation. Moderate (< 2000 cfs) and properly timed (winter/spring) freshets benefited oysters with increased gametogenesis, good larval mixing, and a reprieve from disease. If high volume freshets occurred in the late summer, extensive mortality occurred at the upstream site due to low salinity. These findings suggest freshwater releases in the late summer, when reproductive stress is at its peak and pelagic larvae are most vulnerable, should be limited to < 2000 cfs, but that longer freshets (1-3 weeks) in the winter and early spring (e.g., December-April) benefit oysters by reducing salinity and lessening disease intensity. Similar strategies can be employed in other managed systems, and patterns regarding the timing of high volume flows are applicable to all estuaries where the management of healthy oyster reefs is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine McFarland
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
- NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, Milford Laboratory, CT, Milford, 06460, USA.
| | - Darren Rumbold
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - Ai Ning Loh
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington 601 South College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Lesli Haynes
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- Lee County Natural Resources - Marine Services, 1500 Monroe St. Ft, Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - S Gregory Tolley
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - Patricia Gorman
- South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Barbara Welch
- South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Patricia Goodman
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- United States Army Installation Management Command DPW - Presidio of Monterey, B4463 Gigling Rd, Seaside, CA, 93955, USA
| | - Tomma K Barnes
- NOAA National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Peter H Doering
- South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Université de Brest, UBO, CNRS, IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, LEMAR, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, France
| | - Aswani K Volety
- FGCU Boulevard, Vester Marine Field Station and Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington 601 South College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
- Elon University Alamance Building 120C, 2200 Campus Box, Elon, NC, 27244, USA
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10
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Itoïz S, Metz S, Derelle E, Reñé A, Garcés E, Bass D, Soudant P, Chambouvet A. Emerging Parasitic Protists: The Case of Perkinsea. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:735815. [PMID: 35095782 PMCID: PMC8792838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed an increasing rate of new disease emergence across the world leading to permanent loss of biodiversity. Perkinsea is a microeukaryotic parasitic phylum composed of four main lineages of parasitic protists with broad host ranges. Some of them represent major ecological and economical threats because of their geographically invasive ability and pathogenicity (leading to mortality events). In marine environments, three lineages are currently described, the Parviluciferaceae, the Perkinsidae, and the Xcellidae, infecting, respectively, dinoflagellates, mollusks, and fish. In contrast, only one lineage is officially described in freshwater environments: the severe Perkinsea infectious agent infecting frog tadpoles. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods, mainly based on 18S rRNA assays, showed that Perkinsea is far more diverse than the previously four described lineages especially in freshwater environments. Indeed, some lineages could be parasites of green microalgae, but a formal nature of the interaction needs to be explored. Hence, to date, most of the newly described aquatic clusters are only defined by their environmental sequences and are still not (yet) associated with any host. The unveiling of this microbial black box presents a multitude of research challenges to understand their ecological roles and ultimately to prevent their most negative impacts. This review summarizes the biological and ecological traits of Perkinsea-their diversity, life cycle, host preferences, pathogenicity, and highlights their diversity and ubiquity in association with a wide range of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itoïz
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aurélie Chambouvet
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Roscoff, France
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11
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Bertrand M, Brosset P, Soudant P, Lebigre C. Spatial and ontogenetic variations in sardine feeding conditions in the Bay of Biscay through fatty acid composition. Mar Environ Res 2022; 173:105514. [PMID: 34753048 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food characteristics are amongst the most influential factors determining the fish life history traits as quantitative and qualitative changes in individuals' diet can lead to a decline in the energy allocated to their growth, and hence influence natural populations' characteristics. The size-at-age and weight of European sardines (Sardina pilchardus) in the Bay of Biscay (BoB) have decreased substantially over the last decade, especially for the youngest age classes, and the factors underlying such changes have not yet been identified. We therefore analysed the fatty acid (FA) composition in the neutral (NL) and polar (PL) lipids in samples collected across the BoB to determine whether the diet of sardines changes with their ages. We found that the total FA contents in both lipid fractions varied mainly with the sampling locations and age. Indeed, sardines aged 1 and 2 years living in South BoB had particularly high contents in FA specific to non-diatom phytoplankton, while older sardines living in the Northern part had higher total FA content and more FA specific to copepods. These differences probably resulted from differences in prey availability and to a lesser extend a change in feeding behaviour with age. The strong dependence of younger sardines' diet to phytoplankton in spring suggests that changes in primary production may explain their decline in size-at-age. Finally, NL clearly reflect finest feeding variations in comparison to PL imprinted by diet variations at longer time scale. Future studies should consider separately NL and PL fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bertrand
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Biologie Halieutique, ZI Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29 280, Plouzané, France; Université de Brest - UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin, IUEM, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Pablo Brosset
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Biologie Halieutique, ZI Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29 280, Plouzané, France; Université de Brest - UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin, IUEM, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France; ESE Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Université de Brest - UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin, IUEM, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Biologie Halieutique, ZI Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29 280, Plouzané, France.
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12
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Remize M, Planchon F, Garnier M, Loh AN, Le Grand F, Bideau A, Lambert C, Corvaisier R, Volety A, Soudant P. A 13CO 2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010022. [PMID: 35049877 PMCID: PMC8779623 DOI: 10.3390/md20010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a 13C-enriched isotopic marker, 13CO2, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The 13C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in 13C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in 13C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the 13C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Remize
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
- GREENSEA, Promenade du Sergeant Navarro, 34140 Meze, France
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Frédéric Planchon
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Matthieu Garnier
- PBA, Ifremer, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, CEDEX 03, 44311 Nantes, France;
| | - Ai Ning Loh
- Center for Marine Science, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Ln, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA;
| | - Fabienne Le Grand
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Antoine Bideau
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Rudolph Corvaisier
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Aswani Volety
- 50 Campus Drive, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA;
| | - Philippe Soudant
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, University of Brest, 29280 Plouzane, France; (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (A.B.); (C.L.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.S.)
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Castrec J, Fabioux C, Le Goïc N, Boulais M, Soudant P, Hégaret H. The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum affects oyster gamete health and fertilization potential. Mar Environ Res 2021; 169:105401. [PMID: 34217094 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the globally distributed genus Alexandrium are known to produce both paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) and uncharacterized bioactive extracellular compounds (BEC) with allelopathic, ichthyotoxic, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. In France, blooms of Alexandrium minutum appear generally during the spawning period of most bivalves. These blooms could therefore alter gametes and/or larval development of bivalves, causing severe issues for ecologically and economically important species, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (=Magallana) gigas. The aim of this work was to test the effects of three strains of A. minutum producing either only PST, only BEC, or both PST and BEC upon oyster gametes, and potential consequences on fertilization success. Oocytes and spermatozoa were exposed in vitro for 2 h to a range of environmentally realistic A. minutum concentrations (10-2.5 × 104 cells mL-1). Following exposure, gamete viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed by flow cytometry, spermatozoa motility and fertilization capacities of both spermatozoa and oocytes were analysed by microscopy. Viability and fertilization capacity of spermatozoa and oocytes were drastically reduced following exposure to 2.5 × 104 cells mL-1 of A. minutum. The BEC-producing strain was the most potent strain decreasing spermatozoa motility, increasing ROS production of oocytes, and decreasing fertilization, from the concentration of 2.5 × 103 cells mL-1. This study highlights the significant cellular toxicity of the BEC produced by A. minutum on oyster gametes. Physical contact between gametes and motile thecate A. minutum cells may also contribute to alter oyster gamete integrity. These results suggest that oyster gametes exposure to A. minutum blooms could affect oyster fertility and reproduction success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castrec
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
| | | | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Myrina Boulais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | | | - Hélène Hégaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
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14
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Boullot F, Fabioux C, Hégaret H, Boudry P, Soudant P, Benoit E. Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070380. [PMID: 34209313 PMCID: PMC8307532 DOI: 10.3390/md19070380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Boullot
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire Pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies Pour la Santé (DMTS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, ERL CNRS/CEA 9004, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; (C.F.); (H.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; (C.F.); (H.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; (C.F.); (H.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Pierre Boudry
- Centre Ifremer Bretagne, Ifremer, UMR 6539 (LEMAR) CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; (C.F.); (H.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire Pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies Pour la Santé (DMTS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, ERL CNRS/CEA 9004, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Itoïz S, Perennou M, Mouronvalle C, Derelle E, Le Goïc N, Bidault A, de Montaudouin X, Arzul I, Soudant P, Chambouvet A. Development of duplex TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Perkinsus olseni and P. chesapeaki in host Manila clam tissue samples. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107603. [PMID: 33971219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aetiological agent Perkinsus olseni is globally recognised as a major threat for shellfish production considering its wide geographical distribution across Asia, Europe, Australia and South America. Another species, Perkinsus chesapeaki, which has never been known to be associated with significant mortality events, was recently detected along French coasts infecting clam populations sporadically in association with P. olseni. Identifying potential cryptic infections affecting Ruditapes philippinarum is essential to develop appropriate host resource management strategies. Here, we developed a molecular method based on duplex real-time quantitative PCR for the simultaneous detection of these two parasites, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki, in the different clam tissues: gills, digestive gland, foot, mantle, adductor muscle and the rest of the soft body. We firstly checked the presence of possible PCR inhibitors in host tissue samples. The qPCR reactions were inhibited depending on the nature of the host organ. The mantle and the rest of the soft body have a high inhibitory effect from threshold of host gDNA concentration of 2 ng.µL-1, the adductor muscle and the foot have an intermediate inhibition of 5 ng.µL-1, and the gills and digestive gland do not show any inhibition of the qPCR reaction even at the highest host gDNA concentration of 20 ng.µL-1. Then, using the gills as a template, the suitability of the molecular technique was checked in comparison with the Ray's Fluid Thioglycolate Medium methodology recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health. The duplex qPCR method brought new insights and unveiled cryptic infections as the co-occurrence of P. olseni and P. chesapeaki from in situ tissue samples in contrast to the RFTM diagnosis. The development of this duplex qPCR method is a fundamental work to monitor in situ co-infections that will lead to optimised resource management and conservation strategies to deal with emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itoïz
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgan Perennou
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Clara Mouronvalle
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Perpignan F-66360, France
| | - Evelyne Derelle
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Bidault
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Xavier de Montaudouin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, Station Marine, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology, Av de Mus de Loup-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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16
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Sardenne F, Puccinelli E, Vagner M, Pecquerie L, Bideau A, Le Grand F, Soudant P. Post-mortem storage conditions and cooking methods affect long-chain omega-3 fatty acid content in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Food Chem 2021; 359:129828. [PMID: 33934034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) are health beneficial lipids found in high concentration in pelagic fishes, including Atlantic mackerel. While EPA and DHA are sensitive to oxidation during fish storage and processing, post-mortem degradation in the first hours following fish death is poorly documented. Here, we stored fish at two temperatures (2-4 °C and 18-20 °C) and monitored EPA + DHA content in dorsal fillet 6, 12 and 24 h after fish death and after cooking (grill or steam). Storage duration was the only influencing factor, and EPA + DHA loss was faster at 18-20 °C. Six hours after fish death, EPA + DHA content decreased by 1.3 ± 1.3 mg.g-1 dw (9.6 ± 9.5% of the initial content) but it was highly variable among individuals. Handling between fishing and storage should be as short and as cool as possible to preserve EPA + DHA and food safety. Regarding cooking, EPA + DHA and mono-unsaturated fatty acids increased in grilled fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Sardenne
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | | | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Laure Pecquerie
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Bideau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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17
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Remize M, Planchon F, Loh AN, Le Grand F, Mathieu-Resuge M, Bideau A, Corvaisier R, Volety A, Soudant P. Fatty acid isotopic fractionation in the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Tallec K, Paul-Pont I, Petton B, Alunno-Bruscia M, Bourdon C, Bernardini I, Boulais M, Lambert C, Quéré C, Bideau A, Le Goïc N, Cassone AL, Le Grand F, Fabioux C, Soudant P, Huvet A. Amino-nanopolystyrene exposures of oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) embryos induced no apparent intergenerational effects. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:477-493. [PMID: 33555961 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1879963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Early life stages (ELS) of numerous marine invertebrates mustcope with man-made contaminants, including plastic debris, during their pelagic phase. Among the diversity of plastic particles, nano-sized debris, known as nanoplastics, can induce effects with severe outcomes in ELS of various biological models, including the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Here, we investigated the effects of a sub-lethal dose (0.1 µg mL-1) of 50 nm polystyrene nanobeads (nano-PS) with amine functions on oyster embryos (24 h exposure) and we assessed consequences on larval and adult performances over two generations of oysters. Only a few effects were observed. Lipid analyses revealed that first-generation (G1) embryos exposed to nano-PS displayed a relative increase in cardiolipin content (+9.7%), suggesting a potential modification of mitochondrial functioning. G1-larvae issued from exposed embryos showed decreases in larval growth (-9%) and lipid storage (-20%). No effect was observed at the G1 adult stage in terms of growth, ecophysiological parameters (clearance and respiration rates, absorption efficiency), or reproductive outputs (gonadic development, gamete quality). Second generation (G2) larvae issued from control G1 displayed a significant growth reduction after G2 embryonic exposure to nano-PS (-24%) compared to control (as observed at the first generation), while no intergenerational effect was detected on G2 larvae issued from G1 exposed embryos. Overall, the present experimental study suggests a low incidence of a short embryonic exposure to nano-PS on oyster phenotypes along the entire life cycle until the next larval generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tallec
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - I Paul-Pont
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - B Petton
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - M Alunno-Bruscia
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Bourdon
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - I Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Boulais
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Quéré
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - A Bideau
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - A-L Cassone
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - F Le Grand
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Fabioux
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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Salin K, Mathieu-Resuge M, Graziano N, Dubillot E, Le Grand F, Soudant P, Vagner M. The relationship between membrane fatty acid content and mitochondrial efficiency differs within- and between- omega-3 dietary treatments. Mar Environ Res 2021; 163:105205. [PMID: 33310641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important, but underappreciated, consequence of climate change is the reduction in crucial nutrient production at the base of the marine food chain: the long-chain omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). This can have dramatic consequences on consumers, such as fish as they have limited capacity to synthesise n-3 HUFA de novo. The n-3 HUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), are critical for the structure and function of all biological membranes. There is increasing evidence that fish will be badly affected by reductions in n-3 HUFA dietary availability, however the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Hypotheses for how mitochondrial function should change with dietary n-3 HUFA availability have generally ignored ATP production, despite its importance to a cell's total energetics capacity, and in turn, whole-animal performance. Here we (i) quantified individual variation in mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O ratio) of muscle and (ii) examined its relationship with content in EPA and DHA in muscle membrane of a primary consumer fish, the golden grey mullet Chelon auratus, receiving either a high or low n-3 HUFA diet. Mitochondria of fish fed on the low n-3 HUFA diet had higher ATP/O ratio than those of fish maintained on the high n-3 HUFA diet. Yet, mitochondrial efficiency varied up about 2-fold among individuals on the same dietary treatment, resulting in some fish consuming half the oxygen and energy substrate to produce the similar amount of ATP than conspecific on similar diet. This variation in mitochondrial efficiency among individuals from the same diet treatment was related to individual differences in fatty acid composition of the membranes: a high ATP/O ratio was associated with a high content in EPA and DHA in biological membranes. Our results highlight the existence of interindividual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in response to food chain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Inter-University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5 A-3293 Lunz Am See, Austria
| | - Nicolas Graziano
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France; UMR 7266 LIENSs, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France; UMR 7266 LIENSs, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle, France
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20
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Hermabessiere L, Receveur J, Himber C, Mazurais D, Huvet A, Lagarde F, Lambert C, Paul-Pont I, Dehaut A, Jezequel R, Soudant P, Duflos G. An Irgafos® 168 story: When the ubiquity of an additive prevents studying its leaching from plastics. Sci Total Environ 2020; 749:141651. [PMID: 32836131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a source of chemical to the environment and wildlife. Despite the ubiquity of plastic pollution and thus plastic additive in the environment, plastic additives have been studied to a limited extend. As a prerequisite to a study aiming to evaluate the leaching of a common additive used as an antioxidant (Irgafos® 168) from polyethylene microparticles, an inventory of the potential background contamination of the laboratory workplace was done. In this study, Irgafos® 168 (tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and its oxidized form (tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate) were quantified in different laboratory reagents, including the plastic packaging and the powders, using Pyrolysis-GC/MS. At least one form of Irgafos® 168 was detected in all tested laboratory reagents with higher concentrations in caps and bottles as compared to the powders. Additionally, oxidized Irgafos® 168 was also found in the reverse osmosed and deionized water container used in the laboratory. The same profile of contamination, i.e. higher concentration of the oxidized form and higher concentrations in acidic reagents, was observed when comparing the reagent and their respective containers suggesting that the additive is leaching from the container into the powder. Overall, this study demonstrates that the antioxidant additive Irgafos® 168 is ubiquitous in the laboratory workplace. Plastic additives such as Irgafos® 168 can therefore largely interfere and biased ecotoxicological and toxicological studies especially using environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics. The source, fate and effects of plastic additive from plastic debris should be carefully considered in future studies that require setting up methods to overcome these contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Hermabessiere
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | - Charlotte Himber
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans - IMMM-UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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21
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Tallec K, Paul-Pont I, Boulais M, Le Goïc N, González-Fernández C, Le Grand F, Bideau A, Quéré C, Cassone AL, Lambert C, Soudant P, Huvet A. Nanopolystyrene beads affect motility and reproductive success of oyster spermatozoa ( Crassostrea gigas). Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1039-1057. [PMID: 32813582 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1808104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oysters are keystone species that use external fertilization as a sexual mode. The gametes are planktonic and face a wide range of stressors, including plastic litter. Nanoplastics are of increasing concern because their size allows pronounced interactions with biological membranes, making them a potential hazard to marine life. In the present study, oyster spermatozoa were exposed for 1 h to various doses (from 0.1 to 25 µg mL-1) of 50-nm polystyrene beads with amine (50-NH2 beads) or carboxyl (50-COOH beads) functions. Microscopy revealed adhesion of particles to the spermatozoa membranes, but no translocation of either particle type into cells. Nevertheless, the 50-NH2 beads at 10 µg mL-1 induced a high spermiotoxicity, characterized by a decrease in the percentage of motile spermatozoa (-79%) and in the velocity (-62%) compared to control spermatozoa, with an overall drop in embryogenesis success (-59%). This major reproduction failure could be linked to a homeostasis disruption in exposed spermatozoa. The 50-COOH beads hampered spermatozoa motility only when administered at 25 µg mL-1 and caused a decrease in the percentage of motile spermatozoa (-66%) and in the velocity (-38%), but did not affect embryogenesis success. Microscopy analyses indicated these effects were probably due to physical blockages by microscale aggregates formed by the 50-COOH beads in seawater. This toxicological study emphasizes that oyster spermatozoa are a useful and sensitive model for (i) deciphering the fine interactions underpinning nanoplastic toxicity and (ii) evaluating adverse effects of plastic nanoparticles on marine biota while waiting for their concentration to be known in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - I Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - M Boulais
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - F Le Grand
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - A Bideau
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - C Quéré
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - A-L Cassone
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
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González-Fernández C, Le Grand F, Bideau A, Huvet A, Paul-Pont I, Soudant P. Nanoplastics exposure modulate lipid and pigment compositions in diatoms. Environ Pollut 2020; 262:114274. [PMID: 32135430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoplastics (NP) using model polystyrene nanoparticles amine functionalized (PS-NH2) has been investigated on pigment and lipid compositions of the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile, at two growth phases using a low (0.05 μg mL-1) and a high (5 μg mL-1) concentrations for 96 h. Results evidenced an impact on pigment composition associated to the light-harvesting function and photoprotection mainly at exponential phase. NP also impacted lipid composition of diatoms with a re-adjustment of lipid classes and fatty acids noteworthy. Main changes upon NP exposure were observed in galactolipids and triacylglycerol's at both growth phases affecting the thylakoids membrane structure and cellular energy reserve of diatoms. Particularly, exponential cultures exposed to high NP concentration showed an impairment of long chain fatty acids synthesis. Changes in pigment and lipid content of diatom' cells revealed that algae physiology is determinant in the way cells adjust their thylakoid membrane composition to cope with NP contamination stress. Compositions of reserve and membrane lipids are proposed as sensitive markers to assess the impact of NP exposure, including at potential predicted environmental doses, on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Fernández
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Le Grand
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Bideau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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23
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Castrec J, Hégaret H, Huber M, Le Grand J, Huvet A, Tallec K, Boulais M, Soudant P, Fabioux C. The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum impairs the performance of oyster embryos and larvae. Harmful Algae 2020; 92:101744. [PMID: 32113611 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium comprises species that produce highly potent neurotoxins known as paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), and bioactive extracellular compounds (BEC) of unknown structure and ecological significance. The toxic bloom-forming species, Alexandrium minutum, is distributed worldwide and adversely affects many bivalves including the commercially and ecologically important Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In France, recurrent A. minutum blooms can co-occur with C. gigas spawning and larval development, and may endanger recruitment and population renewal. The present study explores how A. minutum affects oyster early development by exposing embryos and larvae, under controlled laboratory conditions, to two strains of A. minutum, producing only BEC or both PST and BEC. Results highlight the major role of BEC in A. minutum toxicity upon oyster development. The BEC strain caused lysis of embryos, the most sensitive stage to A. minutum toxicity among planktonic life stages. In addition, the non-PST-producing A. minutum strain inhibited hatching, disrupted larval swimming behavior, feeding, growth, and induced drastic decreases in survival and settlement of umbonate and eyed larvae (9 and 68 %, respectively). The findings indicated PST accumulation in oyster larvae (e.g. umbonate stages), possibly impairing development and settlement of larvae in response to the PST-producing strain. This work provides evidences that A. minutum blooms could hamper settlement of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castrec
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Matthias Huber
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Myrina Boulais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
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24
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Seoane M, González-Fernández C, Soudant P, Huvet A, Esperanza M, Cid Á, Paul-Pont I. Polystyrene microbeads modulate the energy metabolism of the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile. Environ Pollut 2019; 251:363-371. [PMID: 31091500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing concern about the presence of microplastics (MP) in the environment, the number of studies evaluating the toxicity of these small persistent particles on different marine species has increased in recent years. Few studies have addressed their impact on marine phytoplankton, a subject of great concern since they are primary producers of the aquatic food web. The aim of this study is to unravel the cytotoxicity of 2.5 μg mL-1 unlabelled amino-modified polystyrene beads of different sizes (0.5 and 2 μm) on the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile. In addition to traditional growth and photosynthesis endpoints, several physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored every 24 h in C. neogracile cells by flow cytometry during their exponential growth (72 h). Dynamic Light Scattering measurements revealed the strong aggregation and the negative charge of the beads assayed in the culture medium, which seemed to minimize particle interaction with cells and potentially associated impacts. Indeed, MP were not attached to the microalgal cell wall, as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs. Cell growth, morphology, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species levels and membrane potential remained unaltered. However, exposure to MP significantly decreased the cellular esterase activity and the neutral lipid content. Microalgal oil bodies could serve as an energy source for maintaining a healthy cellular status. Thus, MP-exposed cells modulate their energy metabolism to properly acclimate to the stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seoane
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER), Centre Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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25
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Hermabessiere L, Paul-Pont I, Cassone AL, Himber C, Receveur J, Jezequel R, El Rakwe M, Rinnert E, Rivière G, Lambert C, Huvet A, Dehaut A, Duflos G, Soudant P. Microplastic contamination and pollutant levels in mussels and cockles collected along the channel coasts. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:807-819. [PMID: 31039474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental pollution by microplastics (<5 mm; MP) is a major issue. MP are contaminating marine organisms consumed by humans. This work studied MP contamination in two bivalve species of commercial interest: blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) sampled on the Channel coastlines (France). In parallel, 13 plastic additives and 27 hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) were quantified in bivalves flesh using SBSE-TD-GS-MS/MS to explore a possible relationship between their concentrations and MP contamination levels. MP were extracted using a 10% potassium hydroxide digestion method then identified by μ-Raman spectroscopy. The proportion of contaminated bivalves by MP ranged from 34 to 58%. Blue mussels and common cockles exhibited 0.76 ± 0.40 and 2.46 ± 1.16 MP/individual and between 0.15 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.35 MP/g of tissue wet weight. Some HOC and plastic additives were detected in bivalves. However, no significant Pearson or Spearman correlation was found between MP loads and plastic additives or HOC concentrations in bivalve tissues for the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Hermabessiere
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte Himber
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Ronan Jezequel
- CEDRE, 715 Rue Alain Colas, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria El Rakwe
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (LDCM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Cycle Géochimique et ressources (LCG), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gilles Rivière
- ANSES, Direction d'Evaluation des Risques, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- IFREMER, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/ IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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26
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González-Fernández C, Toullec J, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Seoane M, Moriceau B, Huvet A, Berchel M, Vincent D, Courcot L, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I. Do transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) affect the toxicity of nanoplastics on Chaetoceros neogracile? Environ Pollut 2019; 250:873-882. [PMID: 31085473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential presence of nanoplastics (NP) in aquatic environments represents a growing concern regarding their possible effects on aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of polystyrene (PS) amino-modified particles (50 nm PSNH2) on the cellular and metabolic responses of the diatom Chaetoceros neogracile cultures at two essential phases of the growth cycle, i.e. exponential (division) and stationary (storage) phases. Both cultures were exposed for 4 days to low (0.05 μg mL-1) and high (5 μg mL-1) concentrations of PS-NH2. Exposure to NP impaired more drastically the major cellular and physiological parameters during exponential phase than during the stationary phase. Only an increase in ROS production was observed at both culture phases following NP exposures. In exponential phase cultures, large decreases in chlorophyll content, esterase activity, cellular growth and photosynthetic efficiency were recorded upon NP exposure, which could have consequences on the diatoms life cycle and higher food-web levels. The observed differential responses to NP exposure according to culture phase could reflect i) the higher concentration of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) at stationary phase leading to NP aggregation and thus, probably minimizing NP effects, and/or ii) the fact that dividing cells during exponential phase may be intrinsically more sensitive to stress. This work evidenced the importance of algae physiological state for assessing the NP impacts with interactions between NP and TEP being one key factor affecting the fate of NP in algal media and their impact to algal' cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jordan Toullec
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marta Seoane
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Brivaela Moriceau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, IBSAM, UFR Sciences, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Dorothée Vincent
- Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue Foch, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Lucie Courcot
- Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue Foch, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de L'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Tallec K, Blard O, González-Fernández C, Brotons G, Berchel M, Soudant P, Huvet A, Paul-Pont I. Surface functionalization determines behavior of nanoplastic solutions in model aquatic environments. Chemosphere 2019; 225:639-646. [PMID: 30901657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris are classified as a function of their size and recently a new class was proposed, the nanoplastics. Nano-sized plastics have a much greater surface area to volume ratio than larger particles, which increases their reactivity in aquatic environment, making them potentially more toxic. Only little information is available about their behavior whereas it crucially influences their toxicity. Here, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) to explore the influence of environmental factors (fresh- and saltwater, dissolved organic matter) on the behavior (surface charge and aggregation state) of three different nano-polystyrene beads (50 nm), with (i) no surface functionalization (plain), (ii) a carboxylic or (iii) an amine functionalization. Overall, the positive amine particles were very mildly affected by changes in environmental factors with no effect of the salinity gradient (from 0 to 653 mM) and of a range 1-30 μg.L-1 and 1-10 μg.L-1 of organic matter in artificial seawater and ultrapure water, respectively. These observations are supposedly linked to a coating specificity leading to repulsive mechanisms. In contrast, the stability of the negatively charged carboxylic and plain nanobeads was lost under an increasing ionic strength, resulting in homo-aggregation (up to 10 μm). The increase in organic matter content had negligible effect on these two nanobeads. Analysis performed over several days demonstrated that nanoplastics formed evolving dynamic structures detected mainly with an increase of the homo-aggregation level. Thus, surface properties of given polymers/particles are expected to influence their fate in complex and dynamic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Océane Blard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Guillaume Brotons
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, CNRS UMR 6521, CEMCA, IFR 148 ScInBios, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Long M, Holland A, Planquette H, González Santana D, Whitby H, Soudant P, Sarthou G, Hégaret H, Jolley DF. Effects of copper on the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and its allelochemical potency. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 210:251-261. [PMID: 30878793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum produces toxic compounds, including paralytic shellfish toxins, but also some unknown extracellular toxins. Although copper (Cu) is an essential element, it can impair microalgal physiology and increase their toxic potency. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of dissolved Cu (7 nM, 79 nM and 164 nM) on A. minutum allelochemical potency, here defined as negative effects of a protist on competing protists through the release of chemicals. This was studied in relation to its physiology. The effects of Cu were assessed on A. minutum growth, reactive oxygen species level, photosynthesis proxies, lipid metabolism, exudation of dissolved organic compounds, allelochemical potency and on the associate free bacterial community of A. minutum. Only the highest Cu exposure (164 nM) inhibited and delayed the growth of A. minutum, and only in this treatment did the allelochemical potency significantly increase, when the dissolved Cu concentration was still toxic. Within the first 7 days of the high Cu treatment, the physiology of A. minutum was severely impaired with decreased growth and photosynthesis, and increased stress responses and free bacterial density per algal cell. After 15 days, A. minutum partially recovered from Cu stress as highlighted by the growth rate, reactive oxygen species level and photosystem II yields. This recovery could be attributed to the apparent decrease in background dissolved Cu concentration to a non-toxic level, suggesting that the release of exudates may have partially decreased the bioavailable Cu fraction. Overall, A. minutum appeared quite tolerant to Cu, and this work suggests that the modifications in the physiology and in the exudates help the algae to cope with Cu exposure. Moreover, this study shows the complex interplay between abiotic and biotic factors that can influence the dynamic of A. minutum blooms. Modulation in allelochemical potency of A. minutum by Cu may have ecological implications with an increased competitiveness of this species in environments contaminated with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Aleicia Holland
- La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Hélène Planquette
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - David González Santana
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Hannah Whitby
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Géraldine Sarthou
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Castrec J, Hégaret H, Alunno-Bruscia M, Picard M, Soudant P, Petton B, Boulais M, Suquet M, Quéau I, Ratiskol D, Foulon V, Le Goïc N, Fabioux C. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum affects development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, through parental or direct exposure. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:827-836. [PMID: 30623839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are a threat to aquatic organisms and coastal ecosystems. Among harmful species, the widespread distributed genus Alexandrium is of global importance. This genus is well-known for the synthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins which are toxic for humans through the consumption of contaminated shellfish. While the effects of Alexandrium species upon the physiology of bivalves are now well documented, consequences on reproduction remain poorly studied. In France, Alexandrium minutum blooms have been recurrent for the last decades, generally appearing during the reproduction season of most bivalves including the oyster Crassostrea gigas. These blooms could not only affect gametogenesis but also spawning, larval development or juvenile recruitment. This study assesses the effect of toxic A. minutum blooms on C. gigas reproduction. Adult oysters were experimentally exposed to A. minutum, at environmentally realistic concentrations (102 to 103 cells mL-1) for two months during their gametogenesis and a control group, not exposed to A. minutum was fed with a non-toxic dinoflagellate. To determine both consequences to next generation and direct effects of A. minutum exposure on larvae, the embryo-larval development of subsequent offspring was conducted with and without A. minutum exposure at 102 cells mL-1. Effects at each stage of the reproduction were investigated on ecophysiological parameters, cellular responses, and offspring development. Broodstock exposed to A. minutum produced spermatozoa with decreased motility and larvae of smaller size which showed higher mortalities during settlement. Embryo-larval exposure to A. minutum significantly reduced growth and settlement of larvae compared to non-exposed offspring. This detrimental consequence on larval growth was stronger in larvae derived from control parents compared to offspring from exposed parents. This study provides evidence that A. minutum blooms, whether they occur during gametogenesis, spawning or larval development, can either affect gamete quality and/or larval development of C. gigas, thus potentially impacting oyster recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castrec
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marianne Alunno-Bruscia
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Maïlys Picard
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Myrina Boulais
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France; University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - Marc Suquet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Isabelle Quéau
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Dominique Ratiskol
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Valentin Foulon
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Vignier J, Rolton A, Soudant P, Chu FLE, Robert R, Volety AK. Interactions between Crassostrea virginica larvae and Deepwater Horizon oil: Toxic effects via dietary exposure. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:544-551. [PMID: 30590324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster released crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico for 87 days, overlapping with the reproductive season and recruitment of the oyster Crassostrea virginica. The pelagic larval life stages of C. virginica are particularly vulnerable to contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oil droplets. Based on their lipophilic properties, PAHs and oil droplets can adsorb onto phytoplankton and filter-feeding C. virginica larvae may be exposed to these contaminants bound to suspended sediment, adsorbed onto algal and other particles, or in solution. This study examined the effects of exposure of C. virginica larvae to algae mixed with DWH oil. In a 14-day laboratory exposure, 5 day-old C. virginica larvae were exposed to Tisochrysis lutea mixed with four concentrations of unfiltered DWH oil (HEWAF) in a static renewal system. Larval growth, feeding capacity, abnormality and mortality were monitored throughout the exposure. Total PAH (n = 50) content of the water medium, in which larvae were grown, were quantified by GC/MS-SIM. Oil droplets were observed bound to algae, resulting in particles in the size-range of food ingested by oyster larvae (1-30 μm). After 14 days of exposure, larval growth and survival were negatively affected at concentrations of tPAH50 as low as 1.6 μg L-1. GC/MS-SIM analysis of the exposure medium confirmed that certain PAHs were also adsorbed by T. lutea and taken up by oyster larvae via ingestion of oil droplets and/or contaminated algae. Long-term exposure to chronic levels of PAH (1.6-78 μg tPAH50 L-1) was shown to negatively affect larval survival. This study demonstrates that dietary exposure of oyster larvae to DWH oil is a realistic route of crude oil toxicity and may have serious implications on the planktonic community and the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vignier
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - A Rolton
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - F L E Chu
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), College of William and Mary, Department of Aquatic Health Science, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - R Robert
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - A K Volety
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA; University of North Carolina Wilmington, College of Arts and Sciences, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403-5912, USA
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Vignier J, Volety A, Soudant P, Chu FL, Loh AN, Boulais M, Robert R, Morris J, Lay C, Krasnec M. Evaluation of the Toxicity of the Deepwater Horizon Oil and Associated Dispersant on Early Life Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815730-5.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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da Silva PM, Farias ND, Queiroga FR, Hégaret H, Soudant P. Disseminated neoplasia in cultured Crassostrea gasar oysters from northeast Brazil. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 159:1-5. [PMID: 30414760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a disease that affects bivalves worldwide and can lead to mass mortalities. In the present study, a pathological survey conducted from December 2011 to August 2012 in Crassostrea gasar, an oyster of commercial interest in northeast Brazil, revealed the occurrence of DN in oysters reared in the Mamanguape estuary, Paraíba State, Brazil. The present work describes the pathological and functional aspects of the disease in C. gasar by light microscopy (haemolymph cell monolayer and histological section) and flow cytometry analyses. The prevalence of the disease was low (7.1% of 182 oysters examined). Enlarged (neoplastic) cells showed reniform, ovoid or circular-shaped nuclei, with prominent nucleoli and predominantly short filipodia. They were found in the haemolymph and infiltrated the connective tissues of different organs, including the digestive system, gills and gonads, as well as in the sinuses and vessels. Three levels of progression of DN in tissues were observed, light (61.5%), moderate (15.4%) and advanced (23.1%). The viability of neoplastic cells circulating in the haemolymph (97.4%) was similar to that in the haemocytes (95.7%). The neoplastic cells showed low phagocytic ability (3.9%) compared with that of haemocytes (42.4%). Conversely, reactive oxygen species production (679 A.U.) and the total haemocyte count (3.9 × 106 cells mL-1) were higher in the affected oysters than in unaffected oysters (268 A.U. and 1.5 × 106 cells mL-1, respectively). The low prevalence and primarily mild intensity found in the sampled oysters does not preclude an impact at the population level. A timely survey of DN is thus recommended in order to assess the severity and impact of this disease in wild and cultured populations of C. gasar oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Natanael Dantas Farias
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Long M, Tallec K, Soudant P, Lambert C, Le Grand F, Sarthou G, Jolley D, Hégaret H. A rapid quantitative fluorescence-based bioassay to study allelochemical interactions from Alexandrium minutum. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1598-1605. [PMID: 30072219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful microalgal blooms are a threat to aquatic organisms, ecosystems and human health. Toxic dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins and to release bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with potent cytotoxic, hemolytic, ichtyotoxic and allelopathic activity. Negative allelochemical interactions refer to the chemicals that are released by the genus Alexandrium and that induce adverse effects on the physiology of co-occurring protists and predators. Releasing BECs gives the donor a competitive advantage that may help to form dense toxic blooms of phytoplankton. However BECs released by Alexandrium minutum are uncharacterized and it is impossible to quantify them using classical chemical methods. Allelochemical interactions are usually quantified through population growth inhibition or lytic-activity based bioassays using a secondary target organism. However these bioassays require time (for growth or microalgal counts) and/or are based on lethal effects. The use of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry has been widely used to assess the impact of environmental stressors on phytoplankton but rarely for allelochemical interactions. Here we evaluated the use of PAM and propose a rapid chlorophyll fluorescence based bioassay to quantify allelochemical BECs released from Alexandrium minutum. We used the ubiquitous diatom Chaetoceros muelleri as a target species. The bioassay, based on sub-lethal effects, quantifies allelochemical activity from different samples (filtrates, extracts in seawater) within a short period of time (2 h). This rapid bioassay will help investigate the role of allelochemical interactions in Alexandrium bloom establishment. It will also further our understanding of the potential relationship between allelochemical activities and other cytotoxic activities from BECs. While this bioassay was developed for the species A. minutum, it may be applicable to other species producing allelochemicals and may provide further insights into the role and impact of allelochemical interactions in forming dense algal blooms and structuring marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Long
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Kévin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Le Grand
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Géraldine Sarthou
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Dianne Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Tallec K, Huvet A, Di Poi C, González-Fernández C, Lambert C, Petton B, Le Goïc N, Berchel M, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I. Nanoplastics impaired oyster free living stages, gametes and embryos. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1226-1235. [PMID: 30118910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, most bivalve species base their reproduction on external fertilization. Hence, gametes and young stages face many threats, including exposure to plastic wastes which represent more than 80% of the debris in the oceans. Recently, evidence has been produced on the presence of nanoplastics in oceans, thus motivating new studies of their impacts on marine life. Because no information is available about their environmental concentrations, we performed dose-response exposure experiments with polystyrene particles to assess the extent of micro/nanoplastic toxicity. Effects of polystyrene with different sizes and functionalizations (plain 2-μm, 500-nm and 50-nm; COOH-50 nm and NH2-50 nm) were assessed on three key reproductive steps (fertilization, embryogenesis and metamorphosis) of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Nanoplastics induced a significant decrease in fertilization success and in embryo-larval development with numerous malformations up to total developmental arrest. The NH2-50 beads had the strongest toxicity to both gametes (EC50 = 4.9 μg/mL) and embryos (EC50 = 0.15 μg/mL), showing functionalization-dependent toxicity. No effects of plain microplastics were recorded. These results highlight that exposures to nanoplastics may have deleterious effects on planktonic stages of oysters, presumably interacting with biological membranes and causing cyto/genotoxicity with potentially drastic consequences for their reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carole Di Poi
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, CNRS UMR 6521, CEMCA, IFR 148 ScInBios, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Long M, Tallec K, Soudant P, Le Grand F, Donval A, Lambert C, Sarthou G, Jolley DF, Hégaret H. Allelochemicals from Alexandrium minutum induce rapid inhibition of metabolism and modify the membranes from Chaetoceros muelleri. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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González-Fernández C, Tallec K, Le Goïc N, Lambert C, Soudant P, Huvet A, Suquet M, Berchel M, Paul-Pont I. Cellular responses of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) gametes exposed in vitro to polystyrene nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2018; 208:764-772. [PMID: 29902761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the detection and quantification of nano-sized plastic in the environment remains a challenge, the growing number of polymer applications mean that we can expect an increase in the release of nanoplastics into the environment by indirect outputs. Today, very little is known about the impact of nano-sized plastics on marine organisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) on oyster (Crassostrea gigas) gametes. Spermatozoa and oocytes were exposed to four NPs concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mg L-1 for 1, 3 and 5 h. NPs coated with carboxylic (PS-COOH) and amine groups (PS-NH2) were used to determine how surface properties influence the effects of nanoplastics. Results demonstrated the adhesion of NPs to oyster spermatozoa and oocytes as suggested by the increase of relative cell size and complexity measured by flow-cytometry and confirmed by microscopy observations. A significant increase of ROS production was observed in sperm cells upon exposure to 100 mg L-1 PS-COOH, but was not observed with PS-NH2, suggesting a differential effect according to the NP-associated functional group. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the effects of NPs occur rapidly, are complex and are possibly associated with the cellular eco-corona, which could modify NPs behaviour and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Suquet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- CEMCA, UMR CNRS 6521, IBSAM, UFR Sciences, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Rolton A, Vignier J, Volety A, Shumway S, Bricelj VM, Soudant P. Impacts of exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on reproduction of the northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 202:153-162. [PMID: 30031906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico, including the southwest Florida coast, USA, experience recurrent blooms of the brevetoxin (PbTx)-producing dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Northern quahogs (hard clams) Mercenaria mercenaria, are an important commercial species in this region. This study examined the effects of field and laboratory exposure of adult clams to K. brevis during their reproductive period, and effects on their subsequently produced offspring. Ripe adult clams were collected from a site which had been exposed to an eight-month natural bloom of K. brevis and an unaffected reference site. Ripe adult clams were also exposed to bloom concentrations of K. brevis for 10 days in the laboratory. Clams exposed to K. brevis accumulated PbTx at concentrations of 1508 (field exposure), 1444 (1000 cells mL-1 laboratory treatment) and 5229 ng g-1 PbTx-3 eq (5000 cells mL-1 laboratory treatment). Field-exposed clams showed histopathological effects: a significantly higher prevalence of mucus in the stomach/ intestine (23.3%), edema in gill tissues (30%) and presence of the cestode parasite, Tylocephalum spp. in whole tissue (40%), compared to non-exposed clams (0, 3.3 and 6.7% respectively). These clams also showed reduced gonadal allocation (23% gonadal area) and a higher prevalence of clams of undetermined sex (20%) compared to those sampled from the non-exposed site (43% and 0%, respectively). It is hypothesized that less energy may be channeled into reproduction as more is allocated for homeostasis or tissue repair. The fertilization success of gametes obtained from both field and laboratory-exposed adults was significantly lower in clams that had been exposed to K. brevis and development of these offspring was negatively affected at Days 1 and 4 post-fertilization (in field- and laboratory-exposed clams at the higher K. brevis concentration and in laboratory-exposed clams at the higher K. brevis concentration, respectively). Negative effects may be due to toxin accumulation in the gametes of field-exposed clams (244 ± 50 ng PbTx g-1 and 470 ± 82 ng g-1 wet weight in oocytes and sperm, respectively). Adverse effects in M. mercenaria are compared to those previously reported in oysters, Crassostrea virginica, under similar conditions of exposure. This study provides further evidence of the impacts of K. brevis and its associated toxins on the adults and offspring of exposed shellfish. Site-selection for the collection of broodstock and aquaculture grow-out efforts should therefore consider the local occurrence of K. brevis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rolton
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale-IUEM, LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, Place Nicolas Copernic, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; Florida Gulf Coast University, College of Arts and Sciences, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States.
| | - Julien Vignier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale-IUEM, LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, Place Nicolas Copernic, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; Florida Gulf Coast University, College of Arts and Sciences, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States
| | - Aswani Volety
- Florida Gulf Coast University, College of Arts and Sciences, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States; University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States
| | - Sandra Shumway
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - V Monica Bricelj
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349, United States
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale-IUEM, LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, Place Nicolas Copernic, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Hermabessiere L, Himber C, Boricaud B, Kazour M, Amara R, Cassone AL, Laurentie M, Paul-Pont I, Soudant P, Dehaut A, Duflos G. Optimization, performance, and application of a pyrolysis-GC/MS method for the identification of microplastics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6663-6676. [PMID: 30051208 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are found to be major debris composing marine litter; microplastics (MP, < 5 mm) are found in all marine compartments. The amount of MPs tends to increase with decreasing size leading to a potential misidentification when only visual identification is performed. These last years, pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) has been used to get information on the composition of polymers with some applications on MP identification. The purpose of this work was to optimize and then validate a Py-GC/MS method, determine limit of detection (LOD) for eight common polymers, and apply this method on environmental MP. Optimization on multiple GC parameters was carried out using polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The optimized Py-GC/MS method require a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C, a split ratio of 5 and 300 °C as injector temperature. Performance assessment was accomplished by performing repeatability and intermediate precision tests and calculating limit of detection (LOD) for common polymers. LODs were all below 1 μg. For performance assessment, identification remains accurate despite a decrease in signal over time. A comparison between identifications performed with Raman micro spectroscopy and with Py-GC/MS was assessed. Finally, the optimized method was applied to environmental samples, including plastics isolated from sea water surface, beach sediments, and organisms collected in the marine environment. The present method is complementary to μ-Raman spectroscopy as Py-GC/MS identified pigment containing particles as plastic. Moreover, some fibers and all particles from sediment and sea surface were identified as plastic. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Hermabessiere
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne, France
| | - Charlotte Himber
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne, France
| | - Béatrice Boricaud
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne, France
| | - Maria Kazour
- UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, University of Lille, 32 Avenue Foch, 62930, Wimereux, France.,CNRS, National Centre for Marine Sciences, PO Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Rachid Amara
- UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, University of Lille, 32 Avenue Foch, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Laurentie
- ANSES, Plateforme PAS, Laboratoire de Fougères, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, Javené, 35300, Fougères, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne, France.
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Boullot F, Fabioux C, Hegaret H, Soudant P, Boudry P, Benoit E. Assessment of saxitoxin sensitivity of nerves isolated from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, exposed to Alexandrium minutum. Toxicon 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mat AM, Klopp C, Payton L, Jeziorski C, Chalopin M, Amzil Z, Tran D, Wikfors GH, Hégaret H, Soudant P, Huvet A, Fabioux C. Oyster transcriptome response to Alexandrium exposure is related to saxitoxin load and characterized by disrupted digestion, energy balance, and calcium and sodium signaling. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:127-137. [PMID: 29621672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms are worldwide occurrences that can cause poisoning in human seafood consumers as well as mortality and sublethal effets in wildlife, propagating economic losses. One of the most widespread toxigenic microalgal taxa is the dinoflagellate Genus Alexandrium, that includes species producing neurotoxins referred to as PST (Paralytic Shellfish Toxins). Blooms cause shellfish harvest restrictions to protect human consumers from accumulated toxins. Large inter-individual variability in toxin load within an exposed bivalve population complicates monitoring of shellfish toxicity for ecology and human health regulation. To decipher the physiological pathways involved in the bivalve response to PST, we explored the whole transcriptome of the digestive gland of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fed experimentally with a toxic Alexandrium minutum culture. The largest differences in transcript abundance were between oysters with contrasting toxin loads (1098 transcripts), rather than between exposed and non-exposed oysters (16 transcripts), emphasizing the importance of toxin load in oyster response to toxic dinoflagellates. Additionally, penalized regressions, innovative in this field, modeled accurately toxin load based upon only 70 transcripts. Transcriptomic differences between oysters with contrasting PST burdens revealed a limited suite of metabolic pathways affected, including ion channels, neuromuscular communication, and digestion, all of which are interconnected and linked to sodium and calcium exchanges. Carbohydrate metabolism, unconsidered previously in studies of harmful algal effects on shellfish, was also highlighted, suggesting energy challenge in oysters with high toxin loads. Associations between toxin load, genotype, and mRNA levels were revealed that open new doors for genetic studies identifying genetically-based low toxin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Mat
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Laura Payton
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | | | - Morgane Chalopin
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Damien Tran
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Castrec J, Soudant P, Payton L, Tran D, Miner P, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Huvet A, Quillien V, Boullot F, Amzil Z, Hégaret H, Fabioux C. Bioactive extracellular compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum are highly detrimental for oysters. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:188-198. [PMID: 29653309 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp., known as producers of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are regularly detected on the French coastline. PSTs accumulate into harvested shellfish species, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and can cause strong disorders to consumers at high doses. The impacts of Alexandrium minutum on C. gigas have often been attributed to its production of PSTs without testing separately the effects of the bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with allelopathic, hemolytic, cytotoxic or ichthyotoxic properties, which can also be produced by these algae. The BECs, still uncharacterized, are excreted within the environment thereby impacting not only phytoplankton, zooplankton but also marine invertebrates and fishes, without implicating any PST. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of three strains of A. minutum producing either only PSTs, only BECs, or both PSTs and BECs, on the oyster C. gigas. Behavioral and physiological responses of oysters exposed during 4 days were monitored and showed contrasted behavioral and physiological responses in oysters supposedly depending on produced bioactive substances. The non-PST extracellular-compound-producing strain primarily strongly modified valve-activity behavior of C. gigas and induced hemocyte mobilization within the gills, whereas the PST-producing strain caused inflammatory responses within the digestive gland and disrupted the daily biological rhythm of valve activity behavior. BECs may therefore have a significant harmful effect on the gills, which is one of the first organ in contact with the extracellular substances released in the water by A. minutum. Conversely, the PSTs impact the digestive gland, where they are released and mainly accumulated, after degradation of algal cells during digestion process of bivalves. This study provides a better understanding of the toxicity of A. minutum on oyster and highlights the significant role of BECs in this toxicity calling for further chemical characterization of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castrec
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - P Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - L Payton
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - D Tran
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - P Miner
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - V Quillien
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F Boullot
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Z Amzil
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - H Hégaret
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Fabioux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Vignier J, Rolton A, Soudant P, Chu FLE, Robert R, Volety AK. Evaluation of toxicity of Deepwater Horizon slick oil on spat of the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1176-1190. [PMID: 29081043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig generated the largest marine oil spill in US history with millions of barrels of crude oil released in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is an ecologically and economically important species in the northern GoM. Due to its biological characteristics (sessile, filter feeding), juvenile oysters may have been affected. This study investigated the effects of surface-collected DWH oil prepared as high-energy water-accommodated fraction (HEWAF) on the survival of 2-month-old oyster spat, and evaluated the potential impacts of HEWAF on particle clearance rate and spat tissue. Exposure of oysters to a range of oil/HEWAF (0-7-66-147-908-3450 μg tPAH50 (sum of 50 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) L-1) resulted in non-dose-dependent mortalities and reduced clearance rates of algal food (Tisochrysis lutea). A morphometric study of the digestive tubules (DGTs) indicated a dose-dependent response to oil exposure on lumen dilation, on epithelium thinning of the DGT, and a significant change in DGT synchrony (LOEC = 66 μg tPAH50 L-1). This finding suggests that structural changes occurred in the digestive gland of exposed oysters most likely due to an oil-related stress. In addition, histological observations showed that tissues in contact with HEWAF (gills, palp, connective tissue, digestive gland) were adversely impacted at ≥ 7 μg tPAH50 L-1, and exhibited pathological symptoms typical of an inflammatory response (e.g., hemocyte diapedesis and infiltration, syncytia, epithelium sloughing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vignier
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
| | - Anne Rolton
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM-UBO, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM-UBO, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Fu-Lin E Chu
- College of William and Mary, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - René Robert
- Unité Littoral, Ifremer, Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Aswani K Volety
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Bear Hall 146, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
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Long M, Paul-Pont I, Hégaret H, Moriceau B, Lambert C, Huvet A, Soudant P. Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to species-specific hetero-aggregation. Environ Pollut 2017; 228:454-463. [PMID: 28558286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To understand the fate and impacts of microplastics (MP) in the marine ecosystems, it is essential to investigate their interactions with phytoplankton as these may affect MP bioavailability to marine organisms as well as their fate in the water column. However, the behaviour of MP with marine phytoplanktonic cells remains little studied and thus unpredictable. The present study assessed the potential for phytoplankton cells to form hetero-aggregates with small micro-polystyrene (micro-PS) particles depending on microalgal species and physiological status. A prymnesiophycea, Tisochrysis lutea, a dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa triquetra, and a diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile, were exposed to micro-PS (2 μm diameter; 3.96 μg L-1) during their growth culture cycles. Micro-PS were quantified using an innovative flow-cytometry approach, which allowed the monitoring of the micro-PS repartition in microalgal cultures and the distinction between free suspended micro-PS and hetero-aggregates of micro-PS and microalgae. Hetero-aggregation was observed for C. neogracile during the stationary growth phase. The highest levels of micro-PS were "lost" from solution, sticking to flasks, with T. lutea and H. triquetra cultures. This loss of micro-PS sticking to the flask walls increased with the age of the culture for both species. No effects of micro-PS were observed on microalgal physiology in terms of growth and chlorophyll fluorescence. Overall, these results highlight the potential for single phytoplankton cells and residual organic matter to interact with microplastics, and thus potentially influence their distribution and bioavailability in experimental systems and the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Long
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Brivaela Moriceau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Hermabessiere L, Dehaut A, Paul-Pont I, Lacroix C, Jezequel R, Soudant P, Duflos G. Occurrence and effects of plastic additives on marine environments and organisms: A review. Chemosphere 2017; 182:781-793. [PMID: 28545000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastics debris, especially microplastics, have been found worldwide in all marine compartments. Much research has been carried out on adsorbed pollutants on plastic pieces and hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) associated with microplastics. However, only a few studies have focused on plastic additives. These chemicals are incorporated into plastics from which they can leach out as most of them are not chemically bound. As a consequence of plastic accumulation and fragmentation in oceans, plastic additives could represent an increasing ecotoxicological risk for marine organisms. The present work reviewed the main class of plastic additives identified in the literature, their occurrence in the marine environment, as well as their effects on and transfers to marine organisms. This work identified polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), phthalates, nonylphenols (NP), bisphenol A (BPA) and antioxidants as the most common plastic additives found in marine environments. Moreover, transfer of these plastic additives to marine organisms has been demonstrated both in laboratory and field studies. Upcoming research focusing on the toxicity of microplastics should include these plastic additives as potential hazards for marine organisms, and a greater focus on the transport and fate of plastic additives is now required considering that these chemicals may easily leach out from plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Hermabessiere
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539/UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
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Rodríguez-Jaramillo C, Ibarra AM, Soudant P, Palacios E. Comparison of quantitative gonad maturation scales in a temperate oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) and a sub-tropical oyster ( Crassostrea corteziensis). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2017.1315341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez-Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur. Ciencias Marinas y Costeras (CIMACO), La Paz, Mexico
| | - A. M. Ibarra
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - P. Soudant
- UMR/CNRS Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer LEMAR- Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (UMR 6539) Technopole Brest Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané, France
| | - E. Palacios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
- UMR/CNRS Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer LEMAR- Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (UMR 6539) Technopole Brest Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané, France
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Vignier J, Volety AK, Rolton A, Le Goïc N, Chu FLE, Robert R, Soudant P. Sensitivity of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) spermatozoa and oocytes to dispersed oil: Cellular responses and impacts on fertilization and embryogenesis. Environ Pollut 2017; 225:270-282. [PMID: 28343714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released millions of barrels of oil and dispersant into the Gulf of Mexico. The timing of the spill coincided with the spawning season of Crassostrea virginica. Consequently, gametes released in the water were likely exposed to oil and dispersant. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the cellular effects of acute exposure of spermatozoa and oocytes to surface slick oil, dispersed mechanically (HEWAF) and chemically (CEWAF), using flow-cytometric (FCM) analyses, and (ii) determine whether the observed cellular effects relate to impairments of fertilization and embryogenesis of gametes exposed to the same concentrations of CEWAF and HEWAF. Following a 30-min exposure, the number of spermatozoa and their viability were reduced due to a physical action of oil droplets (HEWAF) and a toxic action of CEWAF respectively. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in exposed oocytes tended to increase with increasing oil concentrations suggesting that exposure to dispersed oil resulted in an oxidative stress. The decrease in fertilization success (1-h), larval survival (24-h) and increase in abnormalities (6-h and 24-h) may be partly related to altered cellular characteristics. FCM assays are a good predictor of sublethal effects especially on fertilization success. These data suggest that oil/dispersant are cytotoxic to gametes, which may affect negatively the reproduction success and early development of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vignier
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A K Volety
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
| | - A Rolton
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F-L E Chu
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), College of William and Mary, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Gloucester Point, 23062 VA, USA
| | - R Robert
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Frère L, Paul-Pont I, Rinnert E, Petton S, Jaffré J, Bihannic I, Soudant P, Lambert C, Huvet A. Influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the composition, concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics: A case study of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). Environ Pollut 2017; 225:211-222. [PMID: 28371735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France) was investigated in two surveys. Surface water and sediment were sampled at nine locations in areas characterized by contrasting anthropic pressures, riverine influences or water mixing. Microplastics were categorized by their polymer type and size class. Microplastic contamination in surface water and sediment was dominated by polyethylene fragments (PE, 53-67%) followed by polypropylene (PP, 16-30%) and polystyrene (PS, 16-17%) microparticles. The presence of buoyant microplastics (PE, PP and PS) in sediment suggests the existence of physical and/or biological processes leading to vertical transfer of lightweight microplastics in the bay. In sediment (upper 5 cm), the percentage of particles identified by Raman micro-spectroscopy was lower (41%) than in surface water (79%) and may explain the apparent low concentration observed in this matrix (0.97 ± 2.08 MP kg-1 dry sediment). Mean microplastic concentration was 0.24 ± 0.35 MP m-3 in surface water. We suggest that the observed spatial MP distribution is related to proximity to urbanized areas and to hydrodynamics in the bay. A particle dispersal model was used to study the influence of hydrodynamics on surface microplastic distribution. The outputs of the model showed the presence of a transitional convergence zone in the centre of the bay during flood tide, where floating debris coming from the northern and southern parts of the bay tends to accumulate before being expelled from the bay. Further modelling work and observations integrating (i) the complex vertical motion of microplastics, and (ii) their point sources is required to better understand the fate of microplastics in such a complex coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frère
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - I Paul-Pont
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - E Rinnert
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S Petton
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Jaffré
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - I Bihannic
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Boullot F, Castrec J, Bidault A, Dantas N, Payton L, Perrigault M, Tran D, Amzil Z, Boudry P, Soudant P, Hégaret H, Fabioux C. Molecular Characterization of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Relations with Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15010021. [PMID: 28106838 PMCID: PMC5295241 DOI: 10.3390/md15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and block conduction of action potential in excitable cells. This study aimed to (i) characterize Nav sequences in Crassostrea gigas and (ii) investigate a putative relation between Nav and PST-bioaccumulation in oysters. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted two types of Nav in C. gigas: a Nav1 (CgNav1) and a Nav2 (CgNav2) with sequence properties of sodium-selective and sodium/calcium-selective channels, respectively. Three alternative splice transcripts of CgNav1 named A, B and C, were characterized. The expression of CgNav1, analyzed by in situ hybridization, is specific to nervous cells and to structures corresponding to neuromuscular junctions. Real-time PCR analyses showed a strong expression of CgNav1A in the striated muscle while CgNav1B is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia. CgNav1C expression is ubiquitous. The PST binding site (domain II) of CgNav1 variants possess an amino acid Q that could potentially confer a partial saxitoxin (STX)-resistance to the channel. The CgNav1 genotype or alternative splicing would not be the key point determining PST bioaccumulation level in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Boullot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Justine Castrec
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Adeline Bidault
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Natanael Dantas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba-Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Laura Payton
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Damien Tran
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS-Équipe Écotoxicologie Aquatique, Université de Bordeaux, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Pierre Boudry
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Moutel B, Gonçalves O, Le Grand F, Long M, Soudant P, Legrand J, Grizeau D, Pruvost J. Development of a screening procedure for the characterization of Botryococcus braunii strains for biofuel application. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Foulon V, Le Roux F, Lambert C, Huvet A, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I. Colonization of Polystyrene Microparticles by Vibrio crassostreae: Light and Electron Microscopic Investigation. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:10988-10996. [PMID: 27640445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics collected at sea harbor a high diversity of microorganisms, including some Vibrio genus members, raising questions about the role of microplastics as a novel ecological niche for potentially pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we investigated the adhesion dynamics of Vibrio crassostreae on polystyrene microparticles (micro-PS) using electronic and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Micro-PS were incubated with bacteria in different media (Zobell culture medium and artificial seawater) with or without natural marine aggregates. The highest percentage of colonized particles (38-100%) was observed in Zobell culture medium, which may be related to nutrient availability for production of pili and exopolysaccharide adhesion structures. A longer bacterial attachment (6 days) was observed on irregular micro-PS compared to smooth particles (<10 h), but complete decolonization of all particles eventually occurred. The presence of natural marine agreggates around micro-PS led to substantial and perennial colonization featuring monospecific biofilms at the surface of the aggregates. These exploratory results suggest that V. crassostreae may be a secondary colonizer of micro-PS, requiring a multispecies community to form a durable adhesion phenotype. Temporal assessment of microbial colonization on microplastics at sea using imaging and omics approaches are further indicated to better understand the microplastics colonization dynamics and species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Foulon
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins , ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models , Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Centre Bretagne , ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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