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Du R, Shi X, Chen F, Wang L, Liang H, Hu G. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: A Novel Stimulator of Somatolactin in Teleost Pituitary Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2770. [PMID: 38132090 PMCID: PMC10741825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is known for its crucial role in the stress response system, which could induce pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion to promote glucocorticoid release in the adrenal gland. However, little is known about other pituitary actions of CRH in teleosts. Somatolactin is a fish-specific hormone released from the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the posterior pituitary. A previous study has reported that ACTH was also located in the pituitary NIL region. Interestingly, our present study found that CRH could significantly induce two somatolactin isoforms' (SLα and SLβ) secretion and synthesis in primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells. Pharmacological analysis further demonstrated that CRH-induced pituitary somatolactin expression was mediated by the AC/cAMP/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed that both SLα and SLβ should play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in primary cultured hepatocytes. These results indicate that CRH is a novel stimulator of somatolactins in teleost pituitary cells, and somatolactins may participate in the stress response by regulating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Du
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Navarro JC, Unniappan S, Canosa LF. Dietary protein:lipid ratio modulates somatic growth and expression of genes involved in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey fry (Odontesthes bonariensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111231. [PMID: 35537601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pejerrey is a freshwater fish from South America with high potential for aquaculture. This study was designed to determine the effects of different dietary protein:lipid ratio on growth rate and the expression of growth, lipid metabolism and feeding-related genes of this species during early developmental stages. Pejerrey fry were fed for 60 days with four experimental diets containing low (400 g Kg-1) or high (500 g Kg-1) protein (LP or HP, respectively) and low (120 g Kg-1) or high (200 g Kg-1) lipid (LL or HL, respectively), in the combinations: LP-LL; LP-HL; HP-LL and HP-HL. Measurements of growth, lipid and fatty acid content of fry, expression of genes from the endocrine axis (gh, ghrs, igfs), fatty acid metabolism (∆6-desaturase), and food intake behavior (nucb2/nesfatin-1) were collected. Fry fed with diets LP-LL and HP-LL showed the highest growth rate and growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression levels. The gene expression of ∆6-desaturase was high in head of fry fed with diet LP-HL. The mRNA expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 and gh followed the same patterns in head, and the inverse pattern in body. In conclusion, diets with LL ensure a higher growth of pejerrey fry compared to those that contain HL, without altering the final lipid amount nor the fatty acid profile on fry. In LL groups, the expression of genes from the GH-IGF axis is associated with the observed promotion of somatic growth. The expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 indicates an effect of this peptide not related to food intake regulation, e.g., a negative regulatory role on GH expression, that would warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
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Amano M, Amiya N, Fukushima K, Hagio H, Yamamoto N, Sakakura Y. Effects of crowding stress on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111110. [PMID: 34737084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether crowding stress affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, which is known to be aggressive in the laboratory conditions but sometimes found as a group from a single land crab burrow in the wild. The projection of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells in the pituitary was confirmed by dual-label immunohistochemistry; CRH-immunoreactive (ir) fibers originating from cell bodies located in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus were observed to project to ACTH-ir cells in the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary. Then, fish were reared solitary or in pairs for 14 days, and the number of CRH-ir cell bodies in the NLT of the hypothalamus and cortisol levels in the body without head region were compared. The number of CRH-ir cell bodies and cortisol levels were significantly higher in paired fish. These results indicate that crowding stress affects the HPI axis in K. marmoratus which thrive in small burrows with limited water volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Amano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Noriko Amiya
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukushima
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hanako Hagio
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Laboratory of Fish Biology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Martínez-Moreno CG, Arámburo C. Growth hormone (GH) and synaptogenesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 114:91-123. [PMID: 32723552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is known to exert several roles during development and function of the nervous system. Initially, GH was exclusively considered a pituitary hormone that regulates body growth and metabolism, but now its alternative extrapituitary production and pleiotropic functions are widely accepted. Through excess and deficit models, the critical role of GH in nervous system development and adult brain function has been extensively demonstrated. Moreover, neurotrophic actions of GH in neural tissues include pro-survival effects, neuroprotection, axonal growth, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroregeneration. The positive effects of GH upon memory, behavior, mood, sensorimotor function and quality of life, clearly implicate a beneficial action in synaptic physiology. Experimental and clinical evidence about GH actions in synaptic function modulation, protection and restoration are revised in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México.
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Liang Y, Guo H, Liu B, Zhu K, Jiang S, Zhang D. Genomic structure and characterization of growth hormone receptors from golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus and their expression regulation by feed types. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1845-1865. [PMID: 31321605 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sequence analysis showed that ToGHR1 and ToGHR2 encoded polypeptides of 577 and 588 amino acids, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both ToGHR1 and ToGHR2 contain FN3 domains and transmembrane domains, which have glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. The exons of ToGHR1 and exons 4-10 of ToGHR2 are homologous to exons 2 and 4-9 in Homo sapiens genes, respectively. Only 3 SSR sites in ToGHR1 have SSR polymorphisms, and ToGHR2 has no SSR polymorphisms. ToGHR1 and ToGHR2 have high homology with GHR1 and GHR2 of many fish by BLAST. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression profile of ToGHR mRNA in 12 normal liver and intestine tissue samples from 3 feed-type groups. The results showed that ToGHR is expressed in all 12 tissues, especially liver and muscle tissues, which showed higher ToGHR expression than that in other tissues (p < 0.05). Experiments on feed-type groups may indicate that high levels of LC-PUFA in squid bait can promote ToGHR1 expression and simultaneously inhibit ToGHR2 expression in the liver tissue. In addition, the high levels of LC-PUFA in food could inhibit intestinal ToGHR1 expression, and the intermediate levels may promote intestinal ToGHR1 expression. However, the unsaturated fatty acid content in the food does not affect the expression of intestinal ToGHR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shigui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dianchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Liu B, Guo HY, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Yang JW, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Growth, physiological, and molecular responses of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) reared at different salinities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1879-1893. [PMID: 31396801 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a commercially important marine fish and is widely cultured in the coastal area of South China. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the growth and survival of fish. The aims of this study are to investigate the growth, physiological, and molecular responses of juvenile golden pompano reared at different salinities. Juveniles reared at 15 and 25‰ salinity grew significantly faster than those reared at the other salinities. According to the final body weights, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio, the suitable culture salinity range was 15-25‰ salinity. The levels of branchial NKA activity showed a typical "U-shaped" pattern with the lowest level at 15‰ salinity, which suggested a lower energy expenditure on osmoregulation at this level of salinity. The results of this study showed that the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cortisol of juveniles at 5‰ were higher than those of other salinity groups. Our results showed that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase significantly increased at 5‰ and 35‰ salinity. Our study showed that osmolality had significant differences in each salinity group. GH, GHR1, and GHR2 had a wide range of tissue expression including the liver, intestine, kidneys, muscle, gills and brain. The expression levels of GH, GHR1 and GHR2 in the intestine, kidneys, and muscle at 15‰ salinity were significantly higher than those in other three salinity groups. Based on the growth parameters and physiological and molecular responses, the results of the present study indicated that the optimal salinity for rearing golden pompano was 21.36‰ salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ocampo Daza D, Larhammar D. Evolution of the growth hormone, prolactin, prolactin 2 and somatolactin family. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 264:94-112. [PMID: 29339183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), prolactin 2 (PRL2) and somatolactin (SL) belong to the same hormone family and have a wide repertoire of effects including development, osmoregulation, metabolism and stimulation of growth. Both the hormone and the receptor family have been proposed to have expanded by gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution. A key question is how hormone-receptor preferences have arisen among the duplicates. The first step to address this is to determine the time window for these duplications. Specifically, we aimed to see if duplications resulted from the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations (1R and 2R). GH family genes from a broad range of vertebrate genomes were investigated using a combination of sequence-based phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of synteny. We conclude that the PRL and PRL2 genes arose from a common ancestor in 1R/2R, as shown by neighboring gene families. No other gene duplicates were preserved from these tetraploidization events. The ancestral genes that would give rise to GH and PRL/PRL2 arose from an earlier duplication; most likely a local gene duplication as they are syntenic in several species. Likewise, some evidence suggests that SL arose from a local duplication of an ancestral GH/SL gene in the same time window, explaining the lack of similarity in chromosomal neighbors to GH, PRL or PRL2. Thus, the basic triplet of ancestral GH, PRL/PRL2 and SL genes appear to be unexpectedly ancient. Following 1R/2R, only SL was duplicated in the teleost-specific tetraploidization 3R, resulting in SLa and SLb. These time windows contrast with our recent report that the corresponding receptor genes GHR and PRLR arose through a local duplication in jawed vertebrates and that both receptor genes duplicated further in 3R, which reveals a surprising asynchrony in hormone and receptor gene duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ocampo Daza
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dan Larhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Liu XH, Xie BW, Wang ZJ, Zhang YG. Characterization and expression analyses of somatolactin-α and -β genes in rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) following waterborne cadmium exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:983-995. [PMID: 29550894 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends), somatolactin-α (rmSLα) and -β (rmSLβ) were identified from the pituitary gland of rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). The full-length cDNAs of these two genes were 1288 and 801 bp, encoding prepeptides of 250 and 228 amino acids residues, respectively. rmSLβ can be detected in the brain (including the pituitary), ovary, testis, and gill, while rmSLα was mainly expressed in the brain. On the other hand, rmSLα was expressed in all the fetal developmental stages; however, rmSLβ can just be detected in the stages since from 14 h post-fertilization (hpf). After exposure to acute waterborne cadmium (Cd), rmSLα was distinctly upregulated in juvenile rare minnows at all detected time points, from 24 to 96 h and 10 days, while rmSLβ was significantly altered only in 96 h or 10-day treatment groups. As for adults, acute Cd exposure caused alterations of both rmSLα and rmSLβ in the brain (containing the pituitary) at the 24 h; subchronic waterborne Cd treatment led to upregulation of rmSLα, while decrease of mSLβ in the brain. Alteration of rmSL transcripts following waterborne Cd exposure further confirmed the endocrine disruption of this heavy metal. Besides, exposure to as low as 5 μg/L Cd caused alteration of rmSLα, which suggested that rmSLα might be a potential biomarker for risk assessment of aquatic Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bi-Wen Xie
- Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, School of Life Science, Neijiang, 641000, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yao-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Influence of water salinity on genes implicated in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey ( Odontesthes bonariensis ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 210:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xu Z, Gan L, Li T, Xu C, Chen K, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Transcriptome Profiling and Molecular Pathway Analysis of Genes in Association with Salinity Adaptation in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136506. [PMID: 26305564 PMCID: PMC4548949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is a freshwater fish but can tolerate a wide range of salinities. The mechanism of salinity adaptation at the molecular level was studied using RNA-Seq to explore the molecular pathways in fish exposed to 0, 8, or 16 (practical salinity unit, psu). Based on the change of gene expressions, the differential genes unions from freshwater to saline water were classified into three categories. In the constant change category (1), steroid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fat digestion and absorption, complement and coagulation cascades were significantly affected by salinity indicating the pivotal roles of sterol-related pathways in response to salinity stress. In the change-then-stable category (2), ribosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, signaling pathways for peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, and fat digestion and absorption changed significantly with increasing salinity, showing sensitivity to salinity variation in the environment and a responding threshold to salinity change. In the stable-then-change category (3), protein export, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, tight junction, thyroid hormone synthesis, antigen processing and presentation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis—keratan sulfate were the significantly changed pathways, suggesting that these pathways were less sensitive to salinity variation. This study reveals fundamental mechanism of the molecular response to salinity adaptation in O. niloticus, and provides a general guidance to understand saline acclimation in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Gan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian G. Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- * E-mail: (EL); (LC)
| | - Erchao Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- * E-mail: (EL); (LC)
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Mu X, Su M, Gui L, Liang X, Zhang P, Hu P, Liu Z, Zhang J. Comparative renal gene expression in response to abrupt hypoosmotic shock in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 215:25-35. [PMID: 25304824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scatophagus argus, a euryhaline fish, is notable for its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental salinities and especially for its tolerance to a rapid, marked reduction in salinity. Therefore, S. argus is a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms mediating abrupt hyperosmoregulation. The serum osmotic pressure decreased steeply within one hour after transferring S. argus from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and remained at new balance throughout the duration of one week. To explain this phenomenon and understand the molecular responses to an abrupt hypoosmotic shock, hypoosmotic stress responsive genes were identified by constructing two suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries from the kidneys of S. argus that had been transferred from SW to FW. After trimming and blasting, 52 ESTs were picked out from the subtractive library. Among them, 11 genes were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05). The kinetics studies of gene expression levels were conducted for 1 week after the transfer using quantitative real-time PCR. A significant variation in the expression of these genes occurred within 12h after the hypoosmotic shock, except for growth hormone (GH) and polyadenylate binding protein 1 (PBP1), which were significantly up-regulated 2 days post-transfer. Our results suggest different functional roles for these genes in response to hypoosmotic stress during the stress response phase (1 hpt-12 hpt) and stable phase (12 hpt-7 dpt). Furthermore, the plasma growth hormone level was detected to be significantly elevated at 1 hpt and 24 hpt following abrupt hypoosmotic shock. Meanwhile, several hematological parameters, hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC) and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), were observed to be significantly increased at 12 hpt and 2 dpt compared with that of control group. Our results provide a solid basis from which to conduct future studies on the osmoregulatory mechanisms in the euryhaline fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Maoliang Su
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Delgadin TH, Pérez Sirkin DI, Di Yorio MP, Arranz SE, Vissio PG. GH, IGF-I and GH receptors mRNA expression in response to growth impairment following a food deprivation period in individually housed cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:51-60. [PMID: 25351458 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cichlasoma dimerus is a social cichlid fish capable of growing at high rates under laboratory conditions, but knowledge on somatic growth regulation is still unclear. Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis is the key regulator of somatic growth in vertebrates. Two types of growth hormone receptors have been described in teleost fish, named GH receptor type 1 (GHR1) and type 2 (GHR2). In addition, isoforms of these receptors lacking part of the intracellular region have been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the somatic growth, liver histology and changes in the GH/IGF-I axis after 4 weeks of food deprivation in C. dimerus. Four-week fasted fish showed reductions in specific growth rates in body weight (p < 0.001) and standard length (p < 0.001). Additionally, the hepatosomatic index (p < 0.001) and hepatocyte area (p < 0.001) decreased in fasted fish, while no changes in glucose levels were detected in plasma. The starvation protocol failed to induce changes in GH mRNA levels in the pituitary and IGF-I mRNA levels in liver. In contrast, IGF-I mRNA levels in muscle decreased in fasted fish (p = 0.002). On the other hand, GHR2 (detected with primer sets designed over the extracellular and intracellular region) was upregulated by starvation both in liver and muscle (p < 0.05), while GHR1 remained unchanged. These results show that a fasting period reduced somatic growth both in length and body weight concomitantly with alterations on liver and muscle GHR2 and muscle IGF-I mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Horacio Delgadin
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología del Crecimiento y la Reproducción, DBBE, FCEN-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Arámburo C, Alba-Betancourt C, Luna M, Harvey S. Expression and function of growth hormone in the nervous system: a brief review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:35-42. [PMID: 24837495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that growth hormone (GH) expression is not confined exclusively to the pituitary somatotrophs as it is synthesized in many extrapituitary locations. The nervous system is one of those extrapituitary sites. In this brief review we summarize data that substantiate the expression, distribution and characterization of neural GH and detail its roles in neural function, including cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, neuroprotection and survival, as well as its functional roles in behavior, cognition and neurotransmission. Although systemic GH may exert some of these effects, it is increasingly evident that locally expressed neural GH, acting through intracrine, autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, may also be causally involved as a neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México.
| | - Clara Alba-Betancourt
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
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14
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Takei Y, Hiroi J, Takahashi H, Sakamoto T. Diverse mechanisms for body fluid regulation in teleost fishes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R778-92. [PMID: 24965789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00104.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fishes are the major group of ray-finned fishes and represent more than one-half of the total number of vertebrate species. They have experienced in their evolution an additional third-round whole genome duplication just after the divergence of their lineage, which endowed them with an extra adaptability to invade various aquatic habitats. Thus their physiology is also extremely diverse compared with other vertebrate groups as exemplified by the many patterns of body fluid regulation or osmoregulation. The key osmoregulatory organ for teleosts, whose body fluid composition is similar to mammals, is the gill, where ions are absorbed from or excreted into surrounding waters of various salinities against concentration gradients. It has been shown that the underlying molecular physiology of gill ionocytes responsible for ion regulation is highly variable among species. This variability is also seen in the endocrine control of osmoregulation where some hormones have distinct effects on body fluid regulation in different teleost species. A typical example is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); ANP is secreted in response to increased blood volume and acts on various osmoregulatory organs to restore volume in rainbow trout as it does in mammals, but it is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolality, and specifically decreases NaCl, and not water, in the body of eels. The distinct actions of other osmoregulatory hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, angiotensin II, and vasotocin among teleost species are also evident. We hypothesized that such diversity of ionocytes and hormone actions among species stems from their intrinsic differences in body fluid regulation that originated from their native habitats, either fresh water or seawater. In this review, we summarized remarkable differences in body fluid regulation and its endocrine control among teleost species, although the number of species is still limited to substantiate the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Junya Hiroi
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; and
| | - Hideya Takahashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Suga K, Soyano K, Hagiwara A, Sakakura Y, Lee JS. Differential transcript expression of selected gene batteries in two clonal strains of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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