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Blewett TA, Binning SA, Weinrauch AM, Ivy CM, Rossi GS, Borowiec BG, Lau GY, Overduin SL, Aragao I, Norin T. Physiological and behavioural strategies of aquatic animals living in fluctuating environments. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275292. [PMID: 35511083 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shallow or near-shore environments, such as ponds, estuaries and intertidal zones, are among the most physiologically challenging of all aquatic settings. Animals inhabiting these environments experience conditions that fluctuate markedly over relatively short temporal and spatial scales. Living in these habitats requires the ability to tolerate the physiological disturbances incurred by these environmental fluctuations. This tolerance is achieved through a suite of physiological and behavioural responses that allow animals to maintain homeostasis, including the ability to dynamically modulate their physiology through reversible phenotypic plasticity. However, maintaining the plasticity to adjust to some stresses in a dynamic environment may trade off with the capacity to deal with other stressors. This paper will explore studies on select fishes and invertebrates exposed to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH. We assess the physiological mechanisms these species employ to achieve homeostasis, with a focus on the plasticity of their responses, and consider the resulting physiological trade-offs in function. Finally, we discuss additional factors that may influence organismal responses to fluctuating environments, such as the presence of multiple stressors, including parasites. We echo recent calls from experimental biologists to consider physiological responses to life in naturally fluctuating environments, not only because they are interesting in their own right but also because they can reveal mechanisms that may be crucial for living with increasing environmental instability as a consequence of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Giulia S Rossi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Sienna L Overduin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Isabel Aragao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Blanchard TS, Whitehead A, Dong YW, Wright PA. Phenotypic flexibility in respiratory traits is associated with improved aerial respiration in an amphibious fish out of water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.186486. [PMID: 30446543 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amphibious fishes have evolved multiple adaptive strategies for respiring out of water, but there has been less focus on reversible plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that when amphibious fishes leave water, enhanced respiratory performance on land is the result of rapid functional phenotypic flexibility of respiratory traits. We acclimated four isogenic strains of Kryptolebias marmoratus to air for 0, 1, 3 or 7 days. We compared respiratory performance out of water with traits linked to the O2 cascade. Aerial O2 consumption rate was measured over a step-wise decrease in O2 levels. There were significant differences between strains, but time out of water had the largest impact on measured parameters. K ryptolebias marmoratus had improved respiratory performance [lower aerial critical oxygen tension (P crit), higher regulation index (RI)] after only 1 day of air exposure, and these changes were strongly associated with the change in hematocrit and dorsal cutaneous angiogenesis. Additionally, we found that 1 h of air exposure induced the expression of four angiogenesis-associated genes - vegfa, angpt2, pecam-1 and efna1 - in the skin. After 7 days in air, respiratory traits were not significantly linked to the variation in either aerial P crit or RI. Overall, our data indicate that there are two phases involved in the enhancement of aerial respiration: an initial rapid response (1 day) and a delayed response (7 days). We found evidence for the hypothesis that respiratory performance on land in amphibious fishes is the result of rapid flexibility in both O2 uptake and O2 carrying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yunwei W Dong
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
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McRae NK, Glover CN, Burket SR, Brooks BW, Gaw S. Acute exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of diclofenac elicits oxidative stress in the culturally important galaxiid fish Galaxias maculatus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:224-235. [PMID: 28802021 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of growing concern in aquatic environments worldwide; nevertheless, knowledge of its effects on aquatic biota is restricted to a few model species with limited information regarding its mechanisms of impact. In the present study, diclofenac accumulation, its effects on metabolic rate, ionoregulation, and oxidative stress were examined at environmentally relevant (0.17 µg L-1 ) and elevated (763 µg L-1 ) concentrations in a culturally and economically important galaxiid fish, inanga (Galaxias maculatus), from the Southern Hemisphere. This species is among the most widespread freshwater fish in the world but its sensitivity to emerging contaminants is unknown. Following an acute 96-h exposure, bioconcentration of diclofenac was measured in the inanga whole-body, resulting in an estimated bioconcentration factor of 87 for the 0.17-µg L-1 exposure concentration, approaching values where transfer through the food chain should be considered. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was significantly elevated at both 0.17- and 763-µg L-1 exposure concentrations but lipid peroxidation in the kidney and gill decreased after diclofenac exposure. Catalase activity was also elevated in the liver of inanga but activity decreased in the gill. There were no effects of diclofenac on metabolic rate or ion (sodium and calcium) influx rates. These data indicate that toxicologically relevant adverse outcomes and bioconcentration of diclofenac at environmentally relevant levels warrant additional study in this important fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:224-235. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris N Glover
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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White RSA, McHugh PA, Glover CN, McIntosh AR. Metabolism drives distribution and abundance in extremophile fish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187597. [PMID: 29176819 PMCID: PMC5703508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in population density between species of varying size are frequently attributed to metabolic rates which are assumed to scale with body size with a slope of 0.75. This assumption is often criticised on the grounds that 0.75 scaling of metabolic rate with body size is not universal and can vary significantly depending on species and life-history. However, few studies have investigated how interspecific variation in metabolic scaling relationships affects population density in different sized species. Here we predict inter-specific differences in metabolism from niche requirements, thereby allowing metabolic predictions of species distribution and abundance at fine spatial scales. Due to the differences in energetic efficiency required along harsh-benign gradients, an extremophile fish (brown mudfish, Neochanna apoda) living in harsh environments had slower metabolism, and thus higher population densities, compared to a fish species (banded kōkopu, Galaxias fasciatus) in physiologically more benign habitats. Interspecific differences in the intercepts for the relationship between body and density disappeared when species mass-specific metabolic rates, rather than body sizes, were used to predict density, implying population energy use was equivalent between mudfish and kōkopu. Nevertheless, despite significant interspecific differences in the slope of the metabolic scaling relationships, mudfish and kōkopu had a common slope for the relationship between body size and population density. These results support underlying logic of energetic equivalence between different size species implicit in metabolic theory. However, the precise slope of metabolic scaling relationships, which is the subject of much debate, may not be a reliable indicator of population density as expected under metabolic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. A. White
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter A. McHugh
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University and Eco Logical Research Inc., Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Chris N. Glover
- Athabasca River Basin Research Institute and Faculty of Science, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angus R. McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Wright PA, Turko AJ. Amphibious fishes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:2245-59. [PMID: 27489213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphibious fishes spend part of their life in terrestrial habitats. The ability to tolerate life on land has evolved independently many times, with more than 200 extant species of amphibious fishes spanning 17 orders now reported. Many adaptations for life out of water have been described in the literature, and adaptive phenotypic plasticity may play an equally important role in promoting favourable matches between the terrestrial habitat and behavioural, physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. Amphibious fishes living at the interface of two very different environments must respond to issues relating to buoyancy/gravity, hydration/desiccation, low/high O2 availability, low/high CO2 accumulation and high/low NH3 solubility each time they traverse the air-water interface. Here, we review the literature for examples of plastic traits associated with the response to each of these challenges. Because there is evidence that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate the evolution of fixed traits in general, we summarize the types of investigations needed to more fully determine whether plasticity in extant amphibious fishes can provide indications of the strategies used during the evolution of terrestriality in tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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6
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Abstract
The extent of New Zealand's freshwater fish-parasite diversity has yet to be fully revealed, with host-parasite relationships still to be described from nearly half the known fish community. While advances in the number of fish species examined and parasite taxa described are being made, some parasite groups, such as nematodes, remain poorly understood. In the present study we combined morphological and molecular analyses to characterize a capillariid nematode found infecting the swim bladder of the brown mudfish Neochanna apoda, an endemic New Zealand fish from peat-swamp-forests. Morphologically, the studied nematodes are distinct from other Capillariinae taxa by the features of the male posterior end, namely the shape of the bursa lobes, and shape of spicule distal end. Male specimens were classified into three different types according to differences in the shape of the bursa lobes at the posterior end, but only one was successfully characterized molecularly. Molecular analysis indicated that the studied capillariid is distinct from other genera. However, inferences about the phylogenetic position of the capillariid reported here will remain uncertain, due to the limited number of Capillariinae taxa characterized molecularly. The discovery of this new capillariid, which atypically infects the swim bladder of its host, which itself inhabits a very unique ecosystem, underlines the very interesting evolutionary history of this parasite, which for now will remain unresolved.
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White RSA, Wintle BA, McHugh PA, Booker DJ, McIntosh AR. The scaling of population persistence with carrying capacity does not asymptote in populations of a fish experiencing extreme climate variability. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0826. [PMID: 28615503 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing concerns regarding increasing frequency of extreme climate events and declining population sizes, the influence of environmental stochasticity on the relationship between population carrying capacity and time-to-extinction has received little empirical attention. While time-to-extinction increases exponentially with carrying capacity in constant environments, theoretical models suggest increasing environmental stochasticity causes asymptotic scaling, thus making minimum viable carrying capacity vastly uncertain in variable environments. Using empirical estimates of environmental stochasticity in fish metapopulations, we showed that increasing environmental stochasticity resulting from extreme droughts was insufficient to create asymptotic scaling of time-to-extinction with carrying capacity in local populations as predicted by theory. Local time-to-extinction increased with carrying capacity due to declining sensitivity to demographic stochasticity, and the slope of this relationship declined significantly as environmental stochasticity increased. However, recent 1 in 25 yr extreme droughts were insufficient to extirpate populations with large carrying capacity. Consequently, large populations may be more resilient to environmental stochasticity than previously thought. The lack of carrying capacity-related asymptotes in persistence under extreme climate variability reveals how small populations affected by habitat loss or overharvesting, may be disproportionately threatened by increases in extreme climate events with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S A White
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brendan A Wintle
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A McHugh
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University and Eco Logical Research Inc., Logan, UT, USA
| | - Douglas J Booker
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Angus R McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Hird CM, Urbina MA, Lewis CN, Snape JR, Galloway TS. Fluoxetine Exhibits Pharmacological Effects and Trait-Based Sensitivity in a Marine Worm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8344-8352. [PMID: 27379928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global production of pharmacologically active compounds exceeds 100 000 tons annually, a proportion of which enters aquatic environments through patient use, improper medicine disposal, and production. These compounds are designed to have mode-of-action (MoA) effects on specific biological pathways, with potential to impact nontarget species. Here, we used MoA and trait-based approaches to quantify uptake and biological effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in filter and deposit feeding marine worms (Hediste diversicolor). Worms exposed to 10 μg L(-1), accumulated fluoxetine with a body burden over 270 times greater than exposure concentrations, resulting in ∼10% increased coelomic fluid serotonin, a pharmacological effect. Observed effects included weight loss (up to 2% at 500 μg L(-1)), decreased feeding rate (68% at 500 μg L(-1)), and altered metabolism (oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and O/N from 10 μg L(-1)). Bioconcentration of fluoxetine was dependent on route of uptake, with filter feeding worms experiencing up to 130 times greater body burden ratios and increased magnitudes of effects than deposit feeders, a trait-based sensitivity likely as a consequence of fluoxetine partitioning to sediment. This study highlights how novel approaches such as MoA and trait-based methods can supplement environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Hird
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción , P.O. Box 460-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ceri N Lewis
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason R Snape
- AstraZeneca Global Environment , Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Watts AJR, Urbina MA, Goodhead R, Moger J, Lewis C, Galloway TS. Effect of Microplastic on the Gills of the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5364-9. [PMID: 27070459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic plastic debris (microplastics, <5 mm in diameter) is ubiquitous in the marine environment. Previous work has shown that microplastics may be ingested and inhaled by the shore crab Carcinus maenas, although the biological consequences are unknown. Here, we show that acute aqueous exposure to polystyrene microspheres (8 μm) with different surface coatings had significant but transient effects on branchial function. Microspheres inhaled into the gill chamber had a small but significant dose-dependent effect on oxygen consumption after 1 h of exposure, returning to normal levels after 16 h. Ion exchange was also affected, with a small but significant decrease in hemolymph sodium ions and an increase in calcium ions after 24 h post-exposure. To further asses the effects on osmoregulation, we challenged crabs with reduced salinity after microplastic exposure. Neither microspheres nor natural sediments altered the crab's response to osmotic stress regardless of plastic concentration added. Carboxylated (COOH) and aminated (NH2) polystyrene microspheres were distributed differently across the gill surface, although neither had a significant adverse impact on gill function. These results illustrate the extent of the physiological effects of microplastics compared to the physiological resilience of shore crabs in maintaining osmoregulatory and respiratory function after acute exposure to both anthropogenic plastics and natural particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Watts
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción , Casilla 160-C, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Rhys Goodhead
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Moger
- School of Physics, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Magellan K. Amphibious adaptations in a newly recognized amphibious fish: Terrestrial locomotion and the influences of body size and temperature. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Magellan
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Sciences; Rhodes University; Grahamstown South Africa
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11
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Watts AJR, Urbina MA, Corr S, Lewis C, Galloway TS. Ingestion of Plastic Microfibers by the Crab Carcinus maenas and Its Effect on Food Consumption and Energy Balance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14597-604. [PMID: 26529464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic plastic fragments (<5 mm) are a worldwide conservation issue, polluting both coastal and marine environments. Fibers are the most prominent plastic type reported in the guts of marine organisms, but their effects once ingested are unknown. This study investigated the fate of polypropylene rope microfibers (1-5 mm in length) ingested by the crab Carcinus maenas and the consequences for the crab's energy budget. In chronic 4 week feeding studies, crabs that ingested food containing microfibers (0.3-1.0% plastic by weight) showed reduced food consumption (from 0.33 to 0.03 g d(-1)) and a significant reduction in energy available for growth (scope for growth) from 0.59 to -0.31 kJ crab d(-1) in crabs fed with 1% plastic. The polypropylene microfibers were physically altered by their passage through the foregut and were excreted with a smaller overall size and length and amalgamated into distinctive balls. These results support of the emerging paradigm that a key biological impact of microplastic ingestion is a reduction in energy budgets for the affected marine biota. We also provide novel evidence of the biotransformations that can affect the plastics themselves following ingestion and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Watts
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción , Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Shauna Corr
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Leiva FP, Urbina MA, Cumillaf JP, Gebauer P, Paschke K. Physiological responses of the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea uncinata (Milne Edwards 1837) (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) to oxygen availability and recovery after severe environmental hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26212148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and widespread phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems, imposing a significant challenge for the animals that inhabit such waters. In different habitats, however, the characteristics of these hypoxic events may differ, therefore imposing different challenges. We investigated the tolerance of adult ghost shrimp Neotrypaea uncinata (an intertidal mudflat dweller) to different partial pressures of oxygen (pO2), severe hypoxia (2 kPa) and recovery from hypoxia after different exposure times, mimicking the natural tidal cycle (6 h and 12 h). We calculated critical oxygen tension and categorize the adult ghost shrimps as oxyregulators (R value=75.27%). All physiological measurements (metabolic rate, oxyhemocyanin, hemolymph protein and lactate concentrations) were affected by exposure to low partial pressures of oxygen, but most of them recovered (with exception of metabolic rate) control values (21 kPa) after 6h under normoxic conditions. Low metabolic rate, high release of hemolymphatic proteins and anaerobic metabolism are suggested as response mechanisms to overcome hypoxic events during low tide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix P Leiva
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Investigación i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Juan Pablo Cumillaf
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Paulina Gebauer
- Centro de Investigación i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile.
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