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Cho H, Jun I, Adnan KM, Park CG, Lee SA, Yoon J, Ryu CS, Kim YJ. Effects of 5α-reductase inhibition by dutasteride on reproductive gene expression and hormonal responses in zebrafish embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 287:110048. [PMID: 39313015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A) is a crucial enzyme involved in steroid metabolism, primarily converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Dutasteride, an inhibitor of SRD5A types 1 and 2, is widely used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has been documented wherein SRD5A inhibition decreases DHT synthesis, leading to reduced levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG), subsequently impairing fecundity in fish (AOP 289). However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of SRD5A inhibition on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Exposure to dutasteride resulted in decreased DHT, E2, and VTG levels, showing a positive correlation. Dutasteride also downregulated the expression of reproduction-related genes (srd5a2, cyp19a1, esr1, esr2a, esr2b, and vtg), with interrelated reductions observed across these levels. Docking studies suggested that dutasteride's effects may operate independently of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) interactions. Furthermore, co-exposure of dutasteride (0.5 or 2 μM) with 0.5 μM DHT revealed gene expression levels comparable to the control group. These findings underscore DHT's pivotal role in modulating estrogenic function and the interplay between estrogenic and androgenic responses in vertebrates. Our proposed AOP model offers insights into mechanistic gaps, thereby enhancing current understanding and bridging knowledge disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Indong Jun
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karim Md Adnan
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chang Gyun Park
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-Ro, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyong Yoon
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, 34113 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Miranda LA, Somoza GM. Effects of Anthropic Pollutants Identified in Pampas Lakes on the Development and Reproduction of Pejerrey Fish Odontesthes bonariensis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:939986. [PMID: 35899023 PMCID: PMC9310068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.939986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropic activities can seriously affect the health of the organisms inhabiting them, and the observation of any alteration in the reproduction of fish could be associated with the presence of endocrine disruptors. In this manuscript we have collected information on the adverse effects of pollutants (heavy metals, environmental steroids, and agrochemicals), present in Chascomús lake, Argentina, either at environmentally relevant and pharmacological concentrations on reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival of pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis. During development, it has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) feminized and reduced larval survival, while 17α-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) not only feminized but also affected both embryo and larval survival. In adult male fish, treatments with EE2 and E2 + EE2 were able to increase mRNA abundance of gnrh3 and cyp19a1b and decreased those of gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhcgr). Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and copper negatively affected sperm quality, diminishing the motility. Also, a decrease in the percentage of hatching rate and larval survival was also observed with the same metals, highlighting zinc as the most detrimental metal. Furthermore, all these metals altered the expression of hypothalamic and pituitary genes related to reproduction in male pejerrey (gnrh1,2,3; cyp19a1b; fshb; lhb; fshr and, lhcgr). Moreover, in all cases pyknotic cells, corresponding to the degeneration of the germ cells, were observed in the testes of exposed fish. For agrochemicals, exposure of male pejerrey to environmental concentrations of glyphosate did not cause alterations on the endocrine reproductive axis. However, male pejerrey with gonadal abnormalities such as the presence of intersex (testis-ova) gonads were found in other Pampa´s lakes with high concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate associated with soybean and corn crops near their coasts. These types of studies demonstrate that pejerrey, an endemic species with economic importance inhabiting the Pampas shallow lakes, can be used as a sentinel species. It should be noted that increased pollution of aquatic ecosystems and the effects on the reproduction of organisms can lead to a decline in fish populations worldwide. Which, added to overfishing and other external factors such as global warming, could cause an eventual extinction of an emblematic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A. Miranda
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Leandro A. Miranda,
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín, Argentina
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Papadaki M, Mandalakis M, Anastasiou TI, Pouli M, Asderis M, Katharios P, Papandroulakis N, Mylonas CC. Histological evaluation of sex differentiation and early sex identification in hatchery-produced greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) reared in sea cages. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1777-1792. [PMID: 34515893 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The histological process of gonadal differentiation, together with the endocrine changes of sex steroid hormones and some of their precursors, was studied in hatchery-produced greater amberjack Seriola dumerili from 101 until 408 days post-hatching (dph), with samplings conducted every 50 days. Histological processing showed that sex differentiation began at 101 dph with the formation of the ovarian cavity in females, while the presumptive males did not yet contain any germ cells in their gonad. At 150 dph, we observed the first germ cells in the developing testes. Sex differentiation in almost all sampled individuals was complete at 408 dph. No size dimorphism was observed between the sexes, and the sex ratio was 1:1, suggesting that there was no influence of early rearing in captivity on sex differentiation. Plasma concentrations of adrenosterone (Ad), androstenedione (Δ4), 11-ketotestosterone (11ΚΤ), testosterone (Τ), estradiol (Ε2), progesterone (P4) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) were measured in males and females with the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to examine their role in the sex differentiation process. From the seven hormones, the only one that exhibited differences between the sexes was 11-KT and the plasma 11-KT concentration was found to be a useful indication of greater amberjack sex. Variations were observed in the mean values of Ad, Δ4, 11-KT, T, P4 and 17,20βP over time in one or both sexes, indicating their involvement in the sex differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thekla I Anastasiou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marina Pouli
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Asderis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Young BJ, Cristos DS, Crespo DC, Somoza GM, Carriquiriborde P. Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on sex ratio, gonadal histology and perianal hyperpigmentation of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae) during a full-lifecycle exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111176. [PMID: 32846301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sex ratio, gonopodium morphology, and gonadal histology of C. decemmaculatus were assessed by a full-lifecycle exposure experiment. Newborn fish were waterborne exposed to 30, 100, and 300 ng EE2/L for 90 d, using 50 fish per treatment. Additionally, in December of 2016, a field survey was conducted on a C. decemmaculatus population inhabiting the Girado Creek downstream of the Chascomus city wastewater effluent discharge. After 90 d of exposure, EE2 was able to histologically skew the sex ratio toward females and inhibit the full gonopodium development since the lowest tested concentration (LOEC = 30 ng/L). At higher concentrations, EE2 was toxic, inducing mortality in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-LC50 = 109.9 ng/L) and altering the gonadal histoarchitecture, causing neither testes nor ovaries discernible histologically (LOEC = 100 ng/L). In addition, a novel response, perianal hyperpigmentation, was discovered been induced by the EE2 exposure in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-EC50 = 39.3 ng/L). A higher proportion of females and perianal hyperpigmentation were observed in wild fish collected from the Girado Creek. The major reached conclusions are: i) EE2 induce different effects on the sexual traits of C. decemmaculatus when exposed from early-life or adult stages. ii) The most sensitive effects observed in the laboratory occur in a creek receiving wastewater effluent. iii) The perianal hyperpigmentation comes-up as a promising biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jonathan Young
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Diana Cristina Crespo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | | | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones Del Medioambiente (Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
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Wang W, Liang S, Zou Y, Wu Z, Wang L, Liu Y, You F. Amh dominant expression in Sertoli cells during the testicular differentiation and development stages in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Gene 2020; 755:144906. [PMID: 32554048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, an important marine fish, shows gender differences in growth. The mechanism on its gonadal differentiation direction affected with exogenous factors still needs to be clarified. The anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) gene is involved in fish testicular differentiation and maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the flounder amh in tissues and the gonads. The quantitative expression analysis results showed that it was highly expressed in the testis, especially in the testis at stages I - IV (P < 0.05). Also, amh was detected in Sertoli cells surrounding spermatogonia and peripheral seminiferous lobule of the testis with in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). During the differentiation period, the amh expression in the testis of the tamoxifen treatment group (100 ppm) was higher than that in the ovary of the 17β-estradiol (E2, 5 ppm) group, and the expression levels of amh during process of the male differentiation in the tamoxifen group were higher than those in the 17ɑ-methyltestosterone (MT, 5 ppm) group (P < 0.05). ISH results also exhibited that amh was expressed in the somatic cells that surrounded the germ cells of juvenile flounder similar to adult ones. Furthermore, the flounder gonads in the tamoxifen group maintained more germ cells and somatic cells than those in the MT group from 20 to 80 mm total length (TL). Especially, at 60 and 80 mm TL, the numbers of germ and somatic cells in the tamoxifen group were significantly higher than those in the MT group (P < 0.05). In summary, amh might initiate the process of testicular differentiation, and is involved in the early development and maintenance of testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shaoshuai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Rutherford RJ, Lister AL, MacLatchy DL. Physiological effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in male mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) are dose and time dependent. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105327. [PMID: 31703940 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous anthropogenic sources, such as pulp mill and sewage treatment effluents, contain androgenic endocrine disrupting compounds that alter the reproductive status of aquatic organisms. The current study injected adult male mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) with 0 (control), 1 pg/g, 1 ng/g or 1 μg/g body weight of the model androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with the intent to induce a period of plasma sex hormone depression, a previously-observed effect of DHT in fish. A suite of gonadal steroidogenic genes were assessed during sex hormone depression and recovery. Fish were sampled 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h post-injection, and sections of testis tissue were either snap frozen immediately or incubated for 24 h at 18 °C to determine in vitro gonadal hormone production and then frozen. Plasma testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) were depressed beginning 24 h post-injection. At 36 h post-injection plasma T remained depressed while plasma 11KT had recovered. In snap frozen tissue there was a correlation between plasma sex hormone depression and downregulation of key steroidogenic genes including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star), cytochrome P450 17a1 (cyp17a1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βhsd) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βhsd). Similar to previous studies, 3βhsd was the first and most responsive gene during DHT exposure. Gene responses from in vitro tissue were more variable and included the upregulation of 3βhsd, 11βhsd and star during the period of hormone depression. The differential expression of steroidogenic genes from the in vitro testes compared to the snap frozen tissues may be due to the lack of regulators from the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis present in whole-animal systems. Due to these findings it is recommended to use snap frozen tissue, not post-incubation tissue from in vitro analysis, for gonadal steroidogenic gene expression to more accurately reflect in vivo responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rutherford
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Andrea L Lister
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah L MacLatchy
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
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7
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Rutherford R, Lister A, MacLatchy D. Comparison of steroidogenic gene expression in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) testis tissue following exposure to aromatizable or non-aromatizable androgens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 227:39-49. [PMID: 30218714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are a recognized class of endocrine disrupting compounds with the ability to impact reproductive status in aquatic organisms. The current study utilized in vitro exposure of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) testis tissue to either the aromatizable androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or the non-aromatizable androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) over the course of 24 h to determine if there were differential effects on steroidogenic gene expression. Testis tissue was exposed to androgen concentrations of 10-12 M, 10-9 M and 10-6 M for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h, after which a suite of steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd) and cytochrome P450 17A1 (cyp17a1), were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both androgens affected steroidogenic gene expression, with most alterations occurring at the 24-hour time point. The gene with the highest fold-change, and shortest interval to expression alteration, was 3βhsd for both androgens. Potential differences between the two model androgens were observed in increased expression of cyp17a1 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βhsd), which were only altered after exposure to DHT and in expression levels of cytochrome P450 11A1 (cyp11a1), which was upregulated by MT but not altered by DHT. Results from this study show both androgens interact at the gonadal level of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and may possess some distinct gene expression impacts. These data strengthen the current research initiatives of establishing in vitro test systems that allow toxic potential of untested chemicals to be predicted from molecular perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rutherford
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Andrea Lister
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah MacLatchy
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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Silveira TLR, Domingues WB, Remião MH, Santos L, Barreto B, Lessa IM, Varela Junior AS, Martins Pires D, Corcini C, Collares T, Seixas FK, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Evaluation of Reference Genes to Analyze Gene Expression in Silverside Odontesthes humensis Under Different Environmental Conditions. Front Genet 2018; 9:75. [PMID: 29593778 PMCID: PMC5861154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some mammalian reference genes, which are widely used to normalize the qRT-PCR, could not be used for this purpose due to its high expression variation. The normalization with false reference genes leads to misinterpretation of results. The silversides (Odontesthes spp.) has been used as models for evolutionary, osmoregulatory and environmental pollution studies but, up to now, there are no studies about reference genes in any Odontesthes species. Furthermore, many studies on silversides have used reference genes without previous validations. Thus, present study aimed to was to clone and sequence potential reference genes, thereby identifying the best ones in Odontesthes humensis considering different tissues, ages and conditions. For this purpose, animals belonging to three ages (adults, juveniles, and immature) were exposed to control, Roundup®, and seawater treatments for 24 h. Blood samples were subjected to flow-cytometry and other collected tissues to RNA extraction; cDNA synthesis; molecular cloning; DNA sequencing; and qRT-PCR. The candidate genes tested included 18s, actb, ef1a, eif3g, gapdh, h3a, atp1a, and tuba. Gene expression results were analyzed using five algorithms that ranked the candidate genes. The flow-cytometry data showed that the environmental challenges could trigger a systemic response in the treated fish. Even during this systemic physiological disorder, the consensus analysis of gene expression revealed h3a to be the most stable gene expression when only the treatments were considered. On the other hand, tuba was the least stable gene in the control and gapdh was the least stable in both Roundup® and seawater groups. In conclusion, the consensus analyses of different tissues, ages, and treatments groups revealed that h3a is the most stable gene whereas gapdh and tuba are the least stable genes, even being considered two constitutive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L R Silveira
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - William B Domingues
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Remião
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barreto
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ingrid M Lessa
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carine Corcini
- Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Robaldo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Campos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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García-García M, Sánchez-Hernández M, García-Hernández MP, García-Ayala A, Chaves-Pozo E. Role of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in testicular development of gilthead seabream following finasteride administration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:48-55. [PMID: 28739284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In teleosts, spermatogenesis is regulated by pituitary gonadotropins and sex steroids. 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), derived from testosterone (T) through the action of 5α-reductase, has recently been suggested to play a physiologically important role in some fish species. In this study, gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., males received an implant of 1μgT/g body mass (bm) or vehicle alone and, 7days later, 1mg finasteride (FIN, an inhibitor of 5α-reductase)/kg bm or vehicle. Serum levels of T, 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), DHT and 17β-estradiol (E2), and the mRNA levels of the main enzymes involved in their synthesis, were analysed. T promoted a transient increase in the serum levels of T, 11KT and E2 but a decrease in those of DHT at day 15 following T injection, in accordance with the up-regulation of mRNA levels of the enzymes involved in T transformation to 11KT (coding genes: cyp11b1 and hsd11b) and the down-regulation of mRNA levels of the enzyme responsible for T transformation to DHT (coding gene: srd5a). Interestingly, a similar effect was observed when FIN was injected. However, when fish were injected with T and FIN successively (T+FIN), control levels were not recovered at the end of the experimental period (28days). DHT seems to regulate E2 serum levels via the down-regulation of mRNA levels of aromatase (coding gene: cyp19a1a), which is needed for the transformation of T into E2. The testis histology, together with the proliferative rates recorded upon T, FIN or T+FIN treatment, suggests that DHT is involved in the onset of the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-García
- Sección de Microscopía, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Regional, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Spain
| | - M P García-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - E Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Spain.
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10
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Guo L, Rhen T. Characterization of the FoxL2 proximal promoter and coding sequence from the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Cisternas CD, Cabrera Zapata LE, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Cambiasso MJ. Regulation of aromatase expression in the anterior amygdala of the developing mouse brain depends on ERβ and sex chromosome complement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5320. [PMID: 28706210 PMCID: PMC5509695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development sex differences in aromatase expression in limbic regions of mouse brain depend on sex chromosome factors. Genes on the sex chromosomes may affect the hormonal regulation of aromatase expression and this study was undertaken to explore that possibility. Male E15 anterior amygdala neuronal cultures expressed higher levels of aromatase (mRNA and protein) than female cultures. Furthermore, treatment with oestradiol (E2) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased Cyp19a1 expression and aromatase protein levels only in female neuronal cultures. The effect of E2 on aromatase expression was not imitated by oestrogen receptor (ER) α agonist PPT or the GPER agonist G1, but it was fully reproduced by DPN, a specific ligand of ERβ. By contrast, the effect of DHT on aromatase expression was not blocked by the anti-androgen flutamide, but completely abrogated by the ERβ antagonist PHTPP. Experiments using the four core genotype model showed a sex chromosome effect in ERβ expression (XY > XX) and regulation by E2 or DHT (only XX respond) in amygdala neurons. In conclusion, sex chromosome complement governs the hormonal regulation of aromatase expression through activation of ERβ in developing mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Daniela Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología -Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas Ezequiel Cabrera Zapata
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Julia Cambiasso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Departamento de Biología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología -Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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12
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Lim JJ, Han CY, Lee DR, Tsang BK. Ring Finger Protein 6 Mediates Androgen-Induced Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Follicle Growth via Modulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. Endocrinology 2017; 158:993-1004. [PMID: 28324045 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The destiny of the ovarian follicle (growth or atresia) is tightly regulated by the actions and interactions of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Although androgens are known to be important in the regulation of folliculogenesis, whether they facilitate or suppress follicular growth has been controversial, and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Moreover, the role and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) in mediating androgen signaling during follicular development is not clear. Here, we report that the active androgen dihydrotestosterone upregulates the expression of AR and its E3 ligase ring finger protein 6 (RNF6), increasing site-specific AR polyubiquitination and AR transcriptional activity for soluble Kit ligand (sKit-L) expression in preantral follicle growth. RNF6 silencing suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced AR ubiquitination (lysine residue 63) and proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in preantral granulosa cells, with these responses being overcome by the presence of exogenous sKit-L. Taken together, our findings support the notion that RNF6 plays an important role in androgen-induced, follicle-stage-dependent follicle growth and that it acts by facilitating AR-mediated granulosa cell sKit-L expression and proliferation. Our findings offer insights into the regulatory mechanism of androgen action in ovarian follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jin Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chae Young Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
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13
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Pan H, Zhang X, Jiang H, Jiang X, Wang L, Qi Q, Bi Y, Wang J, Shi Q, Li R. Ndrg3 gene regulates DSB repair during meiosis through modulation the ERK signal pathway in the male germ cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44440. [PMID: 28290521 PMCID: PMC5349515 DOI: 10.1038/srep44440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family consists of 4 members, NDRG-1, -2, -3, -4. Physiologically, we found Ndrg3, a critical gene which led to homologous lethality in the early embryo development, regulated the male meiosis in mouse. The expression of Ndrg3 was enhanced specifically in germ cells, and reached its peak level in the pachytene stage spermatocyte. Haplo-insufficiency of Ndrg3 gene led to sub-infertility during the male early maturation. In the Ndrg3+/- germ cells, some meiosis events such as DSB repair and synaptonemal complex formation were impaired. Disturbances on meiotic prophase progression and spermatogenesis were observed. In mechanism, the attenuation of pERK1/2 signaling was detected in the heterozygous testis. With our primary spermatocyte culture system, we found that lactate promoted DSB repair via ERK1/2 signaling in the male mouse germ cells in vitro. Deficiency of Ndrg3 gene attenuated the activation of ERK which further led to the aberrancy of DSB repair in the male germ cells in mouse. Taken together, we reported that Ndrg3 gene modulated the lactate induced ERK pathway to facilitate DSB repair in male germ cells, which further regulated meiosis and subsequently fertility in male mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Qi Qi
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Bi
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science &Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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14
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Ornostay A, Marr J, Loughery JR, Martyniuk CJ. Transcriptional networks associated with 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ovary. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:23-32. [PMID: 26344943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play a significant role in regulating oogenesis in teleost fishes. The androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent non-aromatizable androgen involved in sexual differentiation in mammals; however, its actions are not well understood in teleost fish. To better characterize the physiological role of DHT in the fathead minnow (FHM) ovary on a temporal scale, in vitro assays for 17β-estradiol (E2) production were conducted in parallel with microarray analysis. Ovarian explants were incubated at different concentrations of DHT (10(-6), 10(-7), and 10(-8)M DHT) in three separate experiments conducted at 6, 9, and 12h. DHT treatment resulted in a rapid and consistent increase in E2 production from the ovary at all three time points. Therefore, DHT may act to shift the balance of metabolites in the steroidogenic pathway within the ovary. Major biological themes affected by DHT in the ovary in one or more of the time points included those related to blood (e.g. vasodilation, blood vessel contraction, clotting), lipids (e.g. lipid storage, cholesterol metabolism, lipid degradation) and reproduction (e.g. hormone and steroid metabolism). Gene networks related to immune responses and calcium signaling were also affected by DHT, suggesting that this androgen may play a role in regulating these processes in the ovary. This study detected no change in mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes (cyp19a1, star, 11βhsd, 17βhsd, srd5a isoforms), suggesting that the observed increase in E2 production is likely more dependent on the pre-existing gene or protein complement in the ovary rather than the de novo expression of transcripts. This study increases knowledge regarding the roles of DHT and androgens in general in the teleost ovary and identifies molecular signaling pathways that may be associated with increased E2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ornostay
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Joshua Marr
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Loughery
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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15
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Tokarz J, Möller G, Hrabě de Angelis M, Adamski J. Steroids in teleost fishes: A functional point of view. Steroids 2015; 103:123-44. [PMID: 26102270 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are involved in the regulation of a variety of processes like embryonic development, sex differentiation, metabolism, immune responses, circadian rhythms, stress response, and reproduction in vertebrates. Teleost fishes and humans show a remarkable conservation in many developmental and physiological aspects, including the endocrine system in general and the steroid hormone related processes in particular. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about steroid hormone biosynthesis and the steroid hormone receptors in teleost fishes and compares the findings to the human system. The impact of the duplicated genome in teleost fishes on steroid hormone biosynthesis and perception is addressed. Additionally, important processes in fish physiology regulated by steroid hormones, which are most dissimilar to humans, are described. We also give a short overview on the influence of anthropogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on steroid hormone signaling and the resulting adverse physiological effects for teleost fishes. By this approach, we show that the steroidogenesis, hormone receptors, and function of the steroid hormones are reasonably well understood when summarizing the available data of all teleost species analyzed to date. However, on the level of a single species or a certain fish-specific aspect of physiology, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tokarz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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16
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Pfennig F, Standke A, Gutzeit HO. The role of Amh signaling in teleost fish--Multiple functions not restricted to the gonads. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:87-107. [PMID: 26428616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the important role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) during gonad development in fishes. This Tgfβ-domain bearing hormone was named after one of its known functions, the induction of the regression of Müllerian ducts in male mammalian embryos. Later in development it is involved in male and female gonad differentiation and extragonadal expression has been reported in mammals as well. Teleosts lack Müllerian ducts, but they have amh orthologous genes. amh expression is reported from 21 fish species and possible regulatory interactions with further factors like sex steroids and gonadotropic hormones are discussed. The gonadotropin Fsh inhibits amh expression in all fish species studied. Sex steroids show no consistent influence on amh expression. Amh is produced in male Sertoli cells and female granulosa cells and inhibits germ cell proliferation and differentiation as well as steroidogenesis in both sexes. Therefore, Amh might be a central player in gonad development and a target of gonadotropic Fsh. Furthermore, there is evidence that an Amh-type II receptor is involved in germ cell regulation. Amh and its corresponding type II receptor are also present in brain and pituitary, at least in some teleosts, indicating additional roles of Amh effects in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. Unraveling Amh signaling is important in stem cell research and for reproduction as well as for aquaculture and in environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pfennig
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andrea Standke
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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