1
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Papadimitropoulou A, Makri M, Zoidis G. MYC the oncogene from hell: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116194. [PMID: 38340508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer comprises a heterogeneous disease, characterized by diverse features such as constitutive expression of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. MYC constitutes a master transcriptional regulator, involved in many cellular functions and is aberrantly expressed in more than 70 % of human cancers. The Myc protein belongs to a family of transcription factors whose structural pattern is referred to as basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper. Myc binds to its partner, a smaller protein called Max, forming an Myc:Max heterodimeric complex that interacts with specific DNA recognition sequences (E-boxes) and regulates the expression of downstream target genes. Myc protein plays a fundamental role for the life of a cell, as it is involved in many physiological functions such as proliferation, growth and development since it controls the expression of a very large percentage of genes (∼15 %). However, despite the strict control of MYC expression in normal cells, MYC is often deregulated in cancer, exhibiting a key role in stimulating oncogenic process affecting features such as aberrant proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, genomic instability and oncogenic transformation. In this review we aim to meticulously describe the fundamental role of MYC in tumorigenesis and highlight its importance as an anticancer drug target. We focus mainly on the different categories of novel small molecules that act as inhibitors of Myc function in diverse ways hence offering great opportunities for an efficient cancer therapy. This knowledge will provide significant information for the development of novel Myc inhibitors and assist to the design of treatments that would effectively act against Myc-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Chen M, Guo X, Guo J, Shi C, Wu Y, Chen L, Mao R, Fan Y. Cytoplasmic Accumulation of Histones Induced by BET Inhibition Protects Cells from C9orf72 Poly(PR)-Induced Cell Death. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300334. [PMID: 38213020 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Repeat dipeptides such as poly(proline-arginine) (polyPR) are generated from the hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene. These dipeptides are often considered as the genetic cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In the study, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled PR20 is used to investigate PR20-induced cell death. The findings reveal that the cell death induced by PR20 is dependent on its nuclear distribution and can be blocked by a nuclear import inhibitor called importazole. Further investigation reveals that BRD4 inhibitors, such as JQ-1 and I-BET762, restrict cytoplasmic localization of PR20, thereby reducing its cytotoxic effect. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BRD4 leads to an increase in the expression of numerous histones, resulting in the accumulation of histones in the cytoplasm. These cytoplasmic histones associate with PR20 and limit its distribution within the nucleus. Notably, the ectopic expression of histones alone is enough to confer protection to cells treated with PR20. In addition, phenylephrine (PE) induces cellular hypertrophy and cytoplasmic distribution of histone, which also helps protect cells from PR20-induced cell death. The research suggests that temporarily inducing the presence of cytoplasmic histones may alleviate the neurotoxic effects of dipeptide repeat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jinjing Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Conglin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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3
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Russell C, Carter JL, Borgia JM, Bush J, Calderón F, Gabarró R, Conway SJ, Mottram JC, Wilkinson AJ, Jones NG. Bromodomain Factor 5 as a Target for Antileishmanial Drug Discovery. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2340-2357. [PMID: 37906637 PMCID: PMC10644352 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a collection of neglected tropical diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites in the genus Leishmania. Current chemotherapies are severely limited, and the need for new antileishmanials is of pressing international importance. Bromodomains are epigenetic reader domains that have shown promising therapeutic potential for cancer therapy and may also present an attractive target to treat parasitic diseases. Here, we investigate Leishmania donovani bromodomain factor 5 (LdBDF5) as a target for antileishmanial drug discovery. LdBDF5 contains a pair of bromodomains (BD5.1 and BD5.2) in an N-terminal tandem repeat. We purified recombinant bromodomains of L. donovani BDF5 and determined the structure of BD5.2 by X-ray crystallography. Using a histone peptide microarray and fluorescence polarization assay, we identified binding interactions of LdBDF5 bromodomains with acetylated peptides derived from histones H2B and H4. In orthogonal biophysical assays including thermal shift assays, fluorescence polarization, and NMR, we showed that BDF5 bromodomains bind to human bromodomain inhibitors SGC-CBP30, bromosporine, and I-BRD9; moreover, SGC-CBP30 exhibited activity against Leishmania promastigotes in cell viability assays. These findings exemplify the potential BDF5 holds as a possible drug target in Leishmania and provide a foundation for the future development of optimized antileishmanial compounds targeting this epigenetic reader protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine
N. Russell
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jennifer L. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Juliet M. Borgia
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jacob Bush
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | | | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
| | - Anthony J. Wilkinson
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Nathaniel G. Jones
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
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4
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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5
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Exploiting ELIOT for Scaffold-Repurposing Opportunities: TRIM33 a Possible Novel E3 Ligase to Expand the Toolbox for PROTAC Design. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214218. [PMID: 36430693 PMCID: PMC9698485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of targeted protein degradation, through the control of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), is progressing considerably; to exploit this new therapeutic modality, the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology was born. The opportunity to use PROTACs engaging of new E3 ligases that can hijack and control the UPS system could greatly extend the applicability of degrading molecules. To this end, here we show a potential application of the ELIOT (E3 LIgase pocketOme navigaTor) platform, previously published by this group, for a scaffold-repurposing strategy to identify new ligands for a novel E3 ligase, such as TRIM33. Starting from ELIOT, a case study of the cross-relationship using GRID Molecular Interaction Field (MIF) similarities between TRIM24 and TRIM33 binding sites was selected. Based on the assumption that similar pockets could bind similar ligands and considering that TRIM24 has 12 known co-crystalised ligands, we applied a scaffold-repurposing strategy for the identification of TRIM33 ligands exploiting the scaffold of TRIM24 ligands. We performed a deeper computational analysis to identify pocket similarities and differences, followed by docking and water analysis; selected ligands were synthesised and subsequently tested against TRIM33 via HTRF binding assay, and we obtained the first-ever X-ray crystallographic complexes of TRIM33α with three of the selected compounds.
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6
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Sekirnik A, Reynolds JK, See L, Bluck JP, Scorah AR, Tallant C, Lee B, Leszczynska KB, Grimley RL, Storer RI, Malattia M, Crespillo S, Caria S, Duclos S, Hammond EM, Knapp S, Morris GM, Duarte F, Biggin PC, Conway SJ. Identification of Histone Peptide Binding Specificity and Small-Molecule Ligands for the TRIM33α and TRIM33β Bromodomains. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2753-2768. [PMID: 36098557 PMCID: PMC9594046 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TRIM33 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins, some of which possess E3 ligase activity and are involved in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins. Four of the TRIM family proteins, TRIM24 (TIF1α), TRIM28 (TIF1β), TRIM33 (TIF1γ) and TRIM66, contain C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) and bromodomain (BRD) modules, which bind to methylated lysine (KMen) and acetylated lysine (KAc), respectively. Here we investigate the differences between the two isoforms of TRIM33, TRIM33α and TRIM33β, using structural and biophysical approaches. We show that the N1039 residue, which is equivalent to N140 in BRD4(1) and which is conserved in most BRDs, has a different orientation in each isoform. In TRIM33β, this residue coordinates KAc, but this is not the case in TRIM33α. Despite these differences, both isoforms show similar affinities for H31-27K18Ac, and bind preferentially to H31-27K9Me3K18Ac. We used this information to develop an AlphaScreen assay, with which we have identified four new ligands for the TRIM33 PHD-BRD cassette. These findings provide fundamental new information regarding which histone marks are recognized by both isoforms of TRIM33 and suggest starting points for the development of chemical probes to investigate the cellular function of TRIM33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina
R. Sekirnik
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jessica K. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Larissa See
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Joseph P. Bluck
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Amy R. Scorah
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Nuffield
Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, U.K.
| | - Bernadette Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Katarzyna B. Leszczynska
- Oxford Institute
for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Rachel L. Grimley
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pfizer Ltd, The Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - R. Ian Storer
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pfizer Ltd, The Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - Marta Malattia
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Sara Crespillo
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Sofia Caria
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Stephanie Duclos
- Evotec (UK)
Ltd, 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Oxford Institute
for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Structural
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Garrett M. Morris
- Department
of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Philip C. Biggin
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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7
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Si P, Chen H, Liu J, Zhang E, Li C, Gu J, Wang R, Li W. Identification of (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin as a potent BRD4 inhibitor for treating triple-negative breast cancer. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Qin L, Dai H, Wang J. Key Considerations in Targeted Protein Degradation Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2022; 10:934337. [PMID: 35978859 PMCID: PMC9376879 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.934337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting proteins’ enzymatic functions with small molecule inhibitors, as well as functions of receptor proteins with small-molecule agonists and antagonists, were the major forms of small-molecule drug development. These small-molecule modulators are based on a conventional occupancy-driven pharmacological approach. For proteome space traditionally considered undruggable by small-molecule modulators, such as enzymes with scaffolding functions, transcription factors, and proteins that lack well-defined binding pockets for small molecules, targeted protein degraders offer the opportunity to drug the proteome with an event-driven pharmacological approach. A degrader molecule, either PROTAC or molecular glue, brings the protein of interest (POI) and E3 ubiquitin ligase in close proximity and engages the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the cellular waste disposal system for the degradation of the POI. For the development of targeted protein degraders to meet therapeutic needs, several aspects will be considered, namely, the selective degradation of disease-causing proteins, the oral bioavailability of degraders beyond Lipinski’s rule of five (bRo5) scope, demands of new E3 ubiquitin ligases and molecular glue degraders, and drug resistance of the new drug modality. This review will illustrate several under-discussed key considerations in targeted protein degradation drug discovery and development: 1) the contributing factors for the selectivity of PROTAC molecules and the design of PROTACs to selectively degrade synergistic pathological proteins; 2) assay development in combination with a multi-omics approach for the identification of new E3 ligases and their corresponding ligands, as well as molecular glue degraders; 3) a molecular design to improve the oral bioavailability of bRo5 PROTACs, and 4) drug resistance of degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena Qin
- Insilico Medicine Ltd., Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liena Qin, ; Han Dai, ; Junfeng Wang,
| | - Han Dai
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liena Qin, ; Han Dai, ; Junfeng Wang,
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liena Qin, ; Han Dai, ; Junfeng Wang,
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9
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He Z, Jiao H, An Q, Zhang X, Zengyangzong D, Xu J, Liu H, Ma L, Zhao W. Discovery of novel 4-phenylquinazoline-based BRD4 inhibitors for cardiac fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:291-307. [PMID: 35127386 PMCID: PMC8799877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), as an epigenetic reader, can specifically bind to the acetyl lysine residues of histones and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer, cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Herein, we described the discovery of hit 5 bearing 4-phenylquinazoline skeleton through a high-throughput virtual screen using 2,003,400 compound library (enamine). Then, structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was performed and 47 new 4-phenylquinazoline derivatives toward BRD4 were further designed, synthesized and evaluated, using HTRF assay set up in our lab. Eventually, we identified compound C-34, which possessed better pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties as well as lower cytotoxicity against NRCF and NRCM cells, compared to the positive control JQ1. Using computer-based molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay, we further verified that C-34 could target BRD4 at molecular and cellular levels. Furthermore, treatment with C-34 effectively alleviated fibroblast activation in vitro and cardiac fibrosis in vivo, which was correlated with the decreased expression of BRD4 downstream target c-MYC as well as the depressed TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that novel BRD4 inhibitor C-34 tethering a 4-phenylquinazoline scaffold can serve as a lead compound for further development to treat fibrotic cardiovascular disease.
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10
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Yeh CF, Chou C, Yang KC. Mechanotransduction in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment targets. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:279-314. [PMID: 34696888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To perceive and integrate the environmental cues, cells and tissues sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical and mechanical signals to guide cell fate and achieve tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this mechanical homeostasis by tissue injury elicits multiple cellular responses leading to pathological matrix deposition and tissue stiffening, and consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes, leading to tissue/organ fibrosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking mechanotransduction to fibrosis and uncovers the potential therapeutic targets to halt or resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Kumar S. SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes: From framework to a functional role in endothelial mechanotransduction. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:171-198. [PMID: 34696885 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly subjected to an array of mechanical cues, especially shear stress, due to their luminal placement in the blood vessels. Blood flow can regulate various aspects of endothelial biology and pathophysiology by regulating the endothelial processes at the transcriptomic, proteomic, miRNomic, metabolomics, and epigenomic levels. ECs sense, respond, and adapt to altered blood flow patterns and shear profiles by specialized mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, resulting in qualitative and quantitative differences in their gene expression. Chromatin-regulatory proteins can regulate transcriptional activation by modifying the organization of nucleosomes at promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions. Recent research efforts have illustrated that SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) or BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex regulates DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. Since the discovery, the gene-regulatory mechanisms of the BAF complex associated with chromatin remodeling have been intensively studied to investigate its role in diverse disease phenotypes. Thus far, it is evident that (1) the SWI/SNF complex broadly regulates the activity of transcriptional enhancers to control lineage-specific differentiation and (2) mutations in the BAF complex proteins lead to developmental disorders and cancers. It is unclear if blood flow can modulate the activity of SWI/SNF complex to regulate EC differentiation and reprogramming. This review emphasizes the integrative role of SWI/SNF complex from a structural and functional standpoint with a special reference to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review also highlights how regulation of this complex by blood flow can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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12
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Jones KL, Beaumont DM, Bernard SG, Bit RA, Campbell SP, Chung CW, Cutler L, Demont EH, Dennis K, Gordon L, Gray JR, Haase MV, Lewis AJ, McCleary S, Mitchell DJ, Moore SM, Parr N, Robb OJ, Smithers N, Soden PE, Suckling CJ, Taylor S, Walker AL, Watson RJ, Prinjha RK. Discovery of a Novel Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Protein Inhibitor, I-BET282E, Suitable for Clinical Progression. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12200-12227. [PMID: 34387088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functions of the bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of proteins have been implicated in a wide range of diseases, particularly in the oncology and immuno-inflammatory areas, and several inhibitors are under investigation in the clinic. To mitigate the risk of attrition of these compounds due to structurally related toxicity findings, additional molecules from distinct chemical series were required. Here we describe the structure- and property-based optimization of the in vivo tool molecule I-BET151 toward I-BET282E, a molecule with properties suitable for progression into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Dominic M Beaumont
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sharon G Bernard
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rino A Bit
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon P Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Leanne Cutler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emmanuel H Demont
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Kate Dennis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laurie Gordon
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James R Gray
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michael V Haase
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Antonia J Lewis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Scott McCleary
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Darren J Mitchell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Susanne M Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nigel Parr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Olivia J Robb
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter E Soden
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Simon Taylor
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ann L Walker
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert J Watson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
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13
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Meryet-Figuiere M, Vernon M, Andrianteranagna M, Lambert B, Brochen C, Issartel JP, Guttin A, Gauduchon P, Brotin E, Dingli F, Loew D, Vigneron N, Wambecke A, Abeilard E, Barillot E, Poulain L, Martignetti L, Denoyelle C. Network-Based Integration of Multi-Omics Data Identifies the Determinants of miR-491-5p Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163970. [PMID: 34439123 PMCID: PMC8393872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of miRNAs' targets and associated regulatory networks might allow the definition of new strategies using drugs whose association mimics a given miRNA's effects. Based on this assumption we devised a multi-omics approach to precisely characterize miRNAs' effects. We combined miR-491-5p target affinity purification, RNA microarray, and mass spectrometry to perform an integrated analysis in ovarian cancer cell lines. We thus constructed an interaction network that highlighted highly connected hubs being either direct or indirect targets of miR-491-5p effects: the already known EGFR and BCL2L1 but also EP300, CTNNB1 and several small-GTPases. By using different combinations of specific inhibitors of these hubs, we could greatly enhance their respective cytotoxicity and mimic the miR-491-5p-induced phenotype. Our methodology thus constitutes an interesting strategy to comprehensively study the effects of a given miRNA. Moreover, we identified targets for which pharmacological inhibitors are already available for a clinical use or in clinical trials. This study might thus enable innovative therapeutic options for ovarian cancer, which remains the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Meryet-Figuiere
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mégane Vernon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mamy Andrianteranagna
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (L.M.)
- INSERM, U900, 75000 Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, CBIO—Center for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lambert
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
- CNRS, Normandy Regional Delegation, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Célia Brochen
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Paul Issartel
- INSERM U1216, Core Facility of Clinical Transcriptomics, Neurosciences Institute, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.-P.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Audrey Guttin
- INSERM U1216, Core Facility of Clinical Transcriptomics, Neurosciences Institute, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.-P.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Pascal Gauduchon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
- ImpedanCELL Core Facility, Federative Structure 4206 ICORE, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility (LSMP), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (F.D.); (D.L.)
| | - Damarys Loew
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility (LSMP), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (F.D.); (D.L.)
| | - Nicolas Vigneron
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Anaïs Wambecke
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Edwige Abeilard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (L.M.)
- INSERM, U900, 75000 Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, CBIO—Center for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (L.M.)
- INSERM, U900, 75000 Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, CBIO—Center for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), 14000 Caen, France; (M.M.-F.); (M.V.); (M.A.); (B.L.); (C.B.); (P.G.); (E.B.); (N.V.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, 14000 Caen, France
- ImpedanCELL Core Facility, Federative Structure 4206 ICORE, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-31-45-51-71; Fax: +33-(0)2-31-45-51-72
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14
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Brand M, Clayton J, Moroglu M, Schiedel M, Picaud S, Bluck JP, Skwarska A, Bolland H, Chan AKN, Laurin CMC, Scorah AR, See L, Rooney TPC, Andrews KH, Fedorov O, Perell G, Kalra P, Vinh KB, Cortopassi WA, Heitel P, Christensen KE, Cooper RI, Paton RS, Pomerantz WCK, Biggin PC, Hammond EM, Filippakopoulos P, Conway SJ. Controlling Intramolecular Interactions in the Design of Selective, High-Affinity Ligands for the CREBBP Bromodomain. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10102-10123. [PMID: 34255515 PMCID: PMC8311651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
CREBBP (CBP/KAT3A)
and its paralogue EP300 (KAT3B) are lysine acetyltransferases
(KATs) that are essential for human development. They each comprise
10 domains through which they interact with >400 proteins, making
them important transcriptional co-activators and key nodes in the
human protein–protein interactome. The bromodomains of CREBBP
and EP300 enable the binding of acetylated lysine residues from histones
and a number of other important proteins, including p53, p73, E2F,
and GATA1. Here, we report a work to develop a high-affinity, small-molecule
ligand for the CREBBP and EP300 bromodomains [(−)-OXFBD05]
that shows >100-fold selectivity over a representative member of
the
BET bromodomains, BRD4(1). Cellular studies using this ligand demonstrate
that the inhibition of the CREBBP/EP300 bromodomain in HCT116 colon
cancer cells results in lowered levels of c-Myc and a reduction in
H3K18 and H3K27 acetylation. In hypoxia (<0.1% O2),
the inhibition of the CREBBP/EP300 bromodomain results in the enhanced
stabilization of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brand
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, U.K
| | - Joseph P Bluck
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Anna Skwarska
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Hannah Bolland
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Anthony K N Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Corentine M C Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amy R Scorah
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Larissa See
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Timothy P C Rooney
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Katrina H Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, U.K
| | - Gabriella Perell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Prakriti Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kayla B Vinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wilian A Cortopassi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Richard I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, U.K
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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15
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Wang A, Li L, Li M, Wang S, Wang C. Case Report: 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin, a DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Performs BRD4 Inhibitory Activity and Inhibits Human Leukemic Cell Growth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664176. [PMID: 33995089 PMCID: PMC8117000 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) is an active metabolite of CPT-11, which can inhibit DNA topoisomerase I, DNA synthesis and cause frequent DNA single-strand breaks. In our study, SN-38 was characterized as a potent and reversible BRD4 inhibitor [IC50 = 660.2 nM against BRD4 (BD1) and IC50 = 547.7 nM against BRD4 (BD2)] in biochemical assay using drug repurposing strategy. Additional cellular assay suggested that SN-38 can bind BRD4 in human leukemic cell K562 and inhibit cell growth with IC50 = 0.2798 μM in a BRD4 dependent manner partially. Additionally, mechanism study indicated that SN-38 can induce the accumulation of BRD4 substrate c-Myc and cleavage of caspase 3. In sum, our findings identified BRD4 as a new target of SN-38 and reveals SN-38 as a modifier of histone acetylation reader for the first time, which may provide a new insight for further optimization of dual target inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Muthengi A, Wimalasena VK, Yosief HO, Bikowitz MJ, Sigua LH, Wang T, Li D, Gaieb Z, Dhawan G, Liu S, Erickson J, Amaro RE, Schönbrunn E, Qi J, Zhang W. Development of Dimethylisoxazole-Attached Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines as Potent and Selective CBP/P300 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5787-5801. [PMID: 33872011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of epigenetic bromodomain inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics has transitioned from targeting bromodomain extraterminal domain (BET) proteins into targeting non-BET bromodomains. The two most relevant non-BET bromodomain oncology targets are cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CBP) and E1A binding protein P300 (EP300). To explore the growing CBP/EP300 interest, we developed a highly efficient two-step synthetic route for dimethylisoxazole-attached imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold-containing inhibitors. Our efficient two-step reactions enabled high-throughput synthesis of compounds designed by molecular modeling, which together with structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies facilitated an overarching understanding of selective targeting of CBP/EP300 over non-BET bromodomains. This led to the identification of a new potent and selective CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor, UMB298 (compound 23, CBP IC50 72 nM and bromodomain 4, BRD4 IC50 5193 nM). The SAR we established is in good agreement with literature-reported CBP inhibitors, such as CBP30, and demonstrates the advantage of utilizing our two-step approach for inhibitor development of other bromodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Muthengi
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Virangika K Wimalasena
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hailemichael O Yosief
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Melissa J Bikowitz
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Logan H Sigua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tingjian Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zied Gaieb
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, LA Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gagan Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Shuai Liu
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jon Erickson
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Rommie E Amaro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, LA Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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17
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Lim HJ, Kim M. EZH2 as a Potential Target for NAFLD Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228617. [PMID: 33207561 PMCID: PMC7697020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is affected by genetic predisposition and epigenetic modification. Deregulation of epigenetic pathways is now recognized as a frequent event in NAFLD, and understanding the mechanistic roles of these epigenetic factors may lead to new strategies for NAFLD treatment. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) catalyzes methylation on Lys 27 of histone H3, which leads to chromatin compaction and gene silencing. EZH2 regulates embryonic development and cell lineage determination and is related to many human diseases. Recent studies show that EZH2 has critical roles in liver development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Moreover, aberrant activation of EZH2 promotes NAFLD progression. Several EZH2 inhibitors have been developed and studied both in vitro and in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of EZH2 in NAFLD and highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-879-8113
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18
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In silico analysis reveals EP300 as a panCancer inhibitor of anti-tumor immune response via metabolic modulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9389. [PMID: 32523042 PMCID: PMC7287052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and other solid malignancies is a key determinant of therapy response and prognosis. Among other factors, it is shaped by the tumor mutational burden and defects in DNA repair enzymes. Based on the TCGA database we aimed to define specific, altered genes associated with different TIME types, which might represent new predictive markers or targets for immuno-therapeutic approaches. The HNSCC cohort of the TCGA database was used to define 3 TIME types (immune-activated, immune-suppressed, immune-absent) according to expression of immune-related genes. Mutation frequencies were correlated to the 3 TIME types. Overall survival was best in the immune-activated group. 9 genes were significantly differentially mutated in the 3 TIME types with strongest differences for TP53 and the histone-acetyltransferase EP300. Mutations in EP300 correlated with an immune-activated TIME. In panCancer analyses anti-tumor immune activity was increased in EP300 mutated esophageal, stomach and prostate cancers. Downregulation of EP300 gene expression was associated with higher anti-tumor immunity in most solid malignancies. Since EP300 is a promoter of glycolysis, which negatively affects anti-tumor immune response, we analyzed the association of EP300 with tumor metabolism. PanCancer tumor metabolism was strongly shifted towards oxidative phosphorylation in EP300 downregulated tumors. In silico analyses of of publicly available in vitro data showed a decrease of glycolysis-associated genes after treatment with the EP300 inhibitor C646. Our study reveals associations of specific gene alterations with different TIME types. In detail, we defined EP300 as a panCancer inhibitor of the TIME most likely via metabolic modulation. In this context EP300 represents a promising predictive biomarker and an immuno-therapeutic target.
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Lucas SCC, Atkinson SJ, Bamborough P, Barnett H, Chung CW, Gordon L, Mitchell DJ, Phillipou A, Prinjha RK, Sheppard RJ, Tomkinson NCO, Watson RJ, Demont EH. Optimization of Potent ATAD2 and CECR2 Bromodomain Inhibitors with an Atypical Binding Mode. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5212-5241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. C. Lucas
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhang FC, Sun ZY, Liao LP, Zuo Y, Zhang D, Wang J, Chen YT, Xiao SH, Jiang H, Lu T, Xu P, Yue LY, Du DH, Zhang H, Liu CP, Luo C. Discovery of novel CBP bromodomain inhibitors through TR-FRET-based high-throughput screening. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:286-292. [PMID: 31253937 PMCID: PMC7468272 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP) and adenoviral E1A-binding protein (P300) are two closely related multifunctional transcriptional coactivators. Both proteins contain a bromodomain (BrD) adjacent to the histone acetyl transferase (HAT) catalytic domain, which serves as a promising drug target for cancers and immune system disorders. Several potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting CBP BrD have been reported, but thus far small-molecule inhibitors targeting BrD outside of the BrD and extraterminal domain (BET) family are especially lacking. Here, we established and optimized a TR-FRET-based high-throughput screening platform for the CBP BrD and acetylated H4 peptide. Through an HTS assay against an in-house chemical library containing 20 000 compounds, compound DC_CP20 was discovered as a novel CBP BrD inhibitor with an IC50 value of 744.3 nM. This compound bound to CBP BrD with a KD value of 4.01 μM in the surface plasmon resonance assay. Molecular modeling revealed that DC_CP20 occupied the Kac-binding region firmly through hydrogen bonding with the conserved residue N1168. At the celluslar level, DC_CP20 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia MV4-11 cells with an IC50 value of 19.2 μM and markedly downregulated the expression of the c-Myc in the cells. Taken together, the discovery of CBP BrD inhibitor DC_CP20 provides a novel chemical scaffold for further medicinal chemistry optimization and a potential chemical probe for CBP-related biological function research. In addition, this inhibitor may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MLL leukemia by targeting CBP BrD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhong-Ya Sun
- School of Life and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li-Ping Liao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Tao Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sen-Hao Xiao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Yan Yue
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dao-Hai Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chuan-Peng Liu
- School of Life and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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21
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Ciechomska IA, Jayaprakash C, Maleszewska M, Kaminska B. Histone Modifying Enzymes and Chromatin Modifiers in Glioma Pathobiology and Therapy Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:259-279. [PMID: 32034718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways directly communicate and transform chromatin to change the epigenetic landscape and regulate gene expression. Chromatin acts as a dynamic platform of signal integration and storage. Histone modifications and alteration of chromatin structure play the main role in chromatin-based gene expression regulation. Alterations in genes coding for histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers result in malfunction of proteins that regulate chromatin modification and remodeling. Such dysregulations culminate in profound changes in chromatin structure and distorted patterns of gene expression. Gliomagenesis is a multistep process, involving both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Recent applications of next generation sequencing have revealed that many chromatin regulation-related genes, including ATRX, ARID1A, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCC2, BAF155 and hSNF5 are mutated in gliomas. In this review we summarize newly identified mechanisms affecting expression or functions of selected histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers in gliomas. We focus on selected examples of pathogenic mechanisms involving ATRX, histone methyltransferase G9a, histone acetylases/deacetylases and chromatin remodeling complexes SMARCA2/4. We discuss the impact of selected epigenetics alterations on glioma pathobiology, signaling and therapeutic responses. We assess the attempts of targeting defective pathways with new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chinchu Jayaprakash
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Alonso VL, Tavernelli LE, Pezza A, Cribb P, Ritagliati C, Serra E. Aim for the Readers! Bromodomains As New Targets Against Chagas’ Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6544-6563. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomains recognize and bind acetyl-lysine residues present in histone and non-histone
proteins in a specific manner. In the last decade they have raised as attractive targets for drug discovery
because the miss-regulation of human bromodomains was discovered to be involved in the development
of a large spectrum of diseases. However, targeting eukaryotic pathogens bromodomains
continues to be almost unexplored. We and others have reported the essentiality of diverse bromodomain-
containing proteins in protozoa, offering a new opportunity for the development of antiparasitic
drugs, especially for Trypansoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Mammalian bromodomains
were classified in eight groups based on sequence similarity but parasitic bromodomains are very
divergent proteins and are hard to assign them to any of these groups, suggesting that selective inhibitors
can be obtained. In this review, we describe the importance of lysine acetylation and bromodomains
in T. cruzi as well as the current knowledge on mammalian bromodomains. Also, we summarize
the myriad of small-molecules under study to treat different pathologies and which of them have been
tested in trypanosomatids and other protozoa. All the information available led us to propose that
T. cruzi bromodomains should be considered as important potential targets and the search for smallmolecules
to inhibit them should be empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lucia Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Pezza
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pamela Cribb
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla Ritagliati
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Esteban Serra
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
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23
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Remillard D, Buckley DL, Seo HS, Ferguson FM, Dhe-Paganon S, Bradner JE, Gray NS. Dual Inhibition of TAF1 and BET Bromodomains from the BI-2536 Kinase Inhibitor Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1443-1449. [PMID: 31620231 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have highlighted the dual bromodomains of TAF1 (TAF1(1,2)) as synergistic with BET inhibition in cellular cancer models, engendering interest in TAF/BET polypharmacology. Here, we examine structure activity relationships within the BI-2536 PLK1 kinase inhibitor scaffold, previously reported to bind BRD4. We examine binding by this ligand to TAF1(2) and apply structure guided design strategies to discriminate binding to both the PLK1 kinase and BRD4(1) bromodomain while retaining activity on TAF1(2). Through this effort we discover potent dual inhibitors of TAF1(2)/BRD4(1), as well as biased derivatives showing marked TAF1 selectivity. We resolve X-ray crystallographic data sets to examine the mechanisms of the observed TAF1 selectivity and to provide a resource for further development of this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Remillard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dennis L. Buckley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fleur M. Ferguson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James E. Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Da C, Zhang D, Stashko M, Vasileiadi E, Parker R, Minson KA, Huey MG, Huelse JM, Hunter D, Gilbert TSK, Norris-Drouin J, Miley M, Herring LE, Graves LM, DeRyckere D, Earp HS, Graham D, Frye SV, Wang X, Kireev D. Data-Driven Construction of Antitumor Agents with Controlled Polypharmacology. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15700-15709. [PMID: 31497954 PMCID: PMC6894422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling which particular members of a large protein family are targeted by a drug is key to achieving a desired therapeutic response. In this study, we report a rational data-driven strategy for achieving restricted polypharmacology in the design of antitumor agents selectively targeting the TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) family tyrosine kinases. Our computational approach, based on the concept of fragments in structural environments (FRASE), distills relevant chemical information from structural and chemogenomic databases to assemble a three-dimensional inhibitor structure directly in the protein pocket. Target engagement by the inhibitors designed led to disruption of oncogenic phenotypes as demonstrated in enzymatic assays and in a panel of cancer cell lines, including acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia (ALL/AML) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Structural rationale underlying the approach was corroborated by X-ray crystallography. The lead compound demonstrated potent target inhibition in a pharmacodynamic study in leukemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Da
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
| | - Dehui Zhang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
| | - Michael Stashko
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
| | - Eleana Vasileiadi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rebecca Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Katherine A. Minson
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Madeline G. Huey
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Justus M. Huelse
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Debra Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jacqueline Norris-Drouin
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
| | - Michael Miley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Douglas Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7363
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25
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Zhi Y, Wang S, Huang W, Zeng S, Liang M, Zhang C, Ma Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Shen Z. Novel phenanthridin-6(5H)-one derivatives as potent and selective BET bromodomain inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:502-514. [PMID: 31276895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of BET family of bromodomain is an appealing intervention strategy for several cancers and inflammatory diseases. This article highlights our work toward the identification of potent, selective, and efficacious BET inhibitors using a structure-based approach focused on improving potency. Our medicinal chemistry efforts led to the identification of compound 24, a novel phenanthridin-6(5H)-one derivative, as a potent (IC50 = 0.24 μM) and selective BET inhibitor with excellent cancer cell lines inhibitory activities and favorable oral pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanle Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Shenxin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Meihao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Chixiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Zunyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China.
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China.
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26
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-dimethylisoxazole and pyridone derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Less than a decade ago, it was shown that bromodomains, acetyl lysine 'reader' modules found in proteins with varied functions, were highly tractable small-molecule targets. This is an unusual property for protein-protein or protein-peptide interaction domains, and it prompted a wave of chemical probe discovery to understand the biological potential of new agents that targeted bromodomains. The original examples, inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) class of bromodomains, showed enticing anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, and several compounds have since advanced to human clinical trials. Here, we review the current state of BET inhibitor biology in relation to clinical development, and we discuss the next wave of bromodomain inhibitors with clinical potential in oncology and non-oncology indications. The lessons learned from BET inhibitor programmes should affect efforts to develop drugs that target non-BET bromodomains and other epigenetic readers.
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28
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Li X, Wu Y, Tian G, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Meng X, Bao X, Feng L, Sun H, Deng H, Li XD. Chemical Proteomic Profiling of Bromodomains Enables the Wide-Spectrum Evaluation of Bromodomain Inhibitors in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11497-11505. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yizhe Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gaofei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiucong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Elshan NGRD, Rettig MB, Jung ME. Molecules targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis beyond the AR-Ligand binding domain. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:910-960. [PMID: 30565725 PMCID: PMC6608750 DOI: 10.1002/med.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) and the physiological pathways it regulates are central to the initiation and progression of PCa. As a member of the nuclear steroid receptor family, it is a transcription factor with three distinct functional domains (ligand-binding domain [LBD], DNA-binding domain [DBD], and transactivation domain [TAD]) in its structure. All clinically approved drugs for PCa ultimately target the AR-LBD. Clinically active drugs that target the DBD and TAD have not yet been developed due to multiple factors. Despite these limitations, the last several years have seen a rise in the discovery of molecules that could successfully target these domains. This review aims to present and comprehensively discuss such molecules that affect AR signaling through direct or indirect interactions with the AR-TAD or the DBD. The compounds discussed here include hairpin polyamides, niclosamide, marine sponge-derived small molecules (eg, EPI compounds), mahanine, VPC compounds, JN compounds, and bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors. We highlight the significant in vitro and in vivo data found for each compound and the apparent limitations and/or potential for further development of these agents as PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew B. Rettig
- . Division of Hematology/Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System West LA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- . Departments of Medicine and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael E. Jung
- . Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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30
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Rectenwald JM, Hardy PB, Norris-Drouin JL, Cholensky SH, James LI, Frye SV, Pearce KH. A General TR-FRET Assay Platform for High-Throughput Screening and Characterizing Inhibitors of Methyl-Lysine Reader Proteins. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:693-700. [PMID: 31017815 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219844569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin regulatory complexes localize to specific sites via recognition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on N-terminal tails of histone proteins (e.g., methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation). Molecular recognition of modified histones is mediated by "reader" protein subunits. The recruited complexes govern processes such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling. Dysregulation of histone modifications and consequent downstream effects have been associated with a variety of disease states, leading to an interest in developing small-molecule inhibitors of reader proteins. Herein, we describe a generalized time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for a panel of methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. These assays are facile, robust, and reproducible. Importantly, this plug-and-play assay can be used for high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, generation of structure-activity relationships (SARs), and evaluation of inhibitor selectivity. Successful demonstration of this assay format for compound screening is highlighted with a pilot screen of a focused compound set with CBX2. This assay platform enables the discovery and characterization of chemical probes that can potently and selectively inhibit Kme reader proteins to ultimately accelerate studies of chromatin reader proteins in normal biology and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Rectenwald
- 1 School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Brian Hardy
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline L Norris-Drouin
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie H Cholensky
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey I James
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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31
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Zhang Z, Gu L, Wang B, Huang W, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Zeng S, Shen Z. Discovery of novel coumarin derivatives as potent and orally bioavailable BRD4 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:808-817. [PMID: 30879350 PMCID: PMC6427567 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1587417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomains, particularly BRD4, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of many human disorders such as cancer, inflammation, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the discovery of novel BRD4 inhibitors has garnered substantial interest. Starting from scaffold hopping of the reported compound dihydroquinazolinone (PFI-1), a series of coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesised as a new chemotype of BRD4 inhibitors. Interestingly, the representative compounds 13 exhibited potent BRD4 binding affinity and cell proliferation inhibitory activity, and especially displayed a favourable PK profile with high oral bioavailability (F = 49.38%) and metabolic stability (T1/2 = 4.2 h), meaningfully making it as a promising lead compound for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Beibei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- b School of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zhen Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Shenxin Zeng
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- a Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province , Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , PR China
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Middleton SA, Rajpal N, Cutler L, Mander P, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Rajpal D, Agarwal P, Kumar V. BET Inhibition Improves NASH and Liver Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17257. [PMID: 30467325 PMCID: PMC6250695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading form of chronic liver disease with large unmet need. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive variant of NAFLD, can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. To identify potential new therapeutics for NASH, we used a computational approach based on Connectivity Map (CMAP) analysis, which pointed us to bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitors for treating NASH. To experimentally validate this hypothesis, we tested a small-molecule inhibitor of the BET family of proteins, GSK1210151A (I-BET151), in the STAM mouse NASH model at two different dosing timepoints (onset of NASH and progression to fibrosis). I-BET151 decreased the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), a clinical endpoint for assessing the severity of NASH, as well as progression of liver fibrosis and interferon-γ expression. Transcriptional characterization of these mice through RNA-sequencing was consistent with predictions from the CMAP analysis of a human NASH signature and pointed to alterations in molecular mechanisms related to interferon signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as reversal of gene expression patterns linked to fibrotic markers. Altogether, these results suggest that inhibition of BET proteins may present a novel therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Middleton
- Computational Biology, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-100, Collegeville, PA, 19426-0989, USA
| | - Neetu Rajpal
- Computational Biology, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-100, Collegeville, PA, 19426-0989, USA
| | - Leanne Cutler
- Quantitative Pharmacology, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Palwinder Mander
- Epigenetics DPU, Oncology Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Epigenetics DPU, Oncology Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics DPU, Oncology Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Deepak Rajpal
- Computational Biology, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-100, Collegeville, PA, 19426-0989, USA
| | - Pankaj Agarwal
- Computational Biology, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-100, Collegeville, PA, 19426-0989, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Computational Biology, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-100, Collegeville, PA, 19426-0989, USA.
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From bench to bedside, via desktop. Recent advances in the application of cutting-edge in silico tools in the research of drugs targeting bromodomain modules. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:40-51. [PMID: 30414936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of drug discovery has greatly benefited by computational tools and in silico algorithms aiming at rationalization of many related processes, from the stage of early hit identification to the preclinical phases of drug candidate validation. The various methodologies referred to as molecular modeling tools span a broad spectrum of applications, from straightforward approaches such as virtual screening of compound libraries to more advanced techniques involving the precise estimation of free energy upon binding of the candidate drug to its macromolecular target. To this end, we report an overview of specific studies where implementation of such sophisticated modeling algorithms has shown to be indispensable for addressing challenging systems and biological questions otherwise difficult to answer. We focus our attention on the emerging field of bromodomain inhibitors. Bromodomains are small modules involved in epigenetic signaling and currently comprise high-priority targets for developing both drug candidates and chemical probes for basic biomedical research. We attempt a critical presentation of selected cases utilizing cutting-edge in silico methodologies, with our main emphasis being on absolute or relative free energy simulations, on implementation of quantum-mechanics level calculations and on characterization of solvent thermodynamics. We discuss the advantages and strengths as well as the drawbacks and weaknesses of computational tools utilized in those works and we attempt to comment on specific issues related to their integration into the regular medicinal chemistry practice. Our conclusion is that while such methods indeed represent highly promising resources for further advancing the discipline, their application is not always trivial.
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34
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Bassi ZI, Fillmore MC, Miah AH, Chapman TD, Maller C, Roberts EJ, Davis LC, Lewis DE, Galwey NW, Waddington KE, Parravicini V, Macmillan-Jones AL, Gongora C, Humphreys PG, Churcher I, Prinjha RK, Tough DF. Modulating PCAF/GCN5 Immune Cell Function through a PROTAC Approach. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2862-2867. [PMID: 30200762 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5) are closely related epigenetic proteins, each containing an acetyltransferase domain and a bromodomain. Consistent with reported roles for these proteins in immune function, we find that PCAF-deficient macrophages exhibit a markedly reduced ability to produce cytokines upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Investigating the potential to target this pathway pharmacologically, we show that chemical inhibition of the PCAF/GCN5 bromodomains is insufficient to recapitulate the diminished inflammatory response of PCAF-deficient immune cells. However, by generating the first PCAF/GCN5 proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), we identify small molecules able to degrade PCAF/GCN5 and to potently modulate the expression of multiple inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages and dendritic cells. Our data illustrate the power of the PROTAC approach in the context of multidomain proteins, revealing a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic opportunity for targeting PCAF/GCN5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuni I. Bassi
- Protein Degradation DPU, Future Pipelines Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Fillmore
- NCE-MD Medicinal Chemistry UK Team, R&D Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Afjal H. Miah
- Protein Degradation DPU, Future Pipelines Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor D. Chapman
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Maller
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Roberts
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren C. Davis
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Darcy E. Lewis
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W. Galwey
- Target Sciences Statistics, R&D Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Abigail L. Macmillan-Jones
- Protein Degradation DPU, Future Pipelines Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Philip G. Humphreys
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - David F. Tough
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation and Oncology Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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35
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Bamborough P, Chung CW, Furze RC, Grandi P, Michon AM, Watson RJ, Mitchell DJ, Barnett H, Prinjha RK, Rau C, Sheppard RJ, Werner T, Demont EH. Aiming to Miss a Moving Target: Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Selectivity in Constrained ATAD2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8321-8336. [PMID: 30226378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATAD2 is a cancer-associated protein whose bromodomain has been described as among the least druggable of its class. In our recent disclosure of the first chemical probe against this bromodomain, GSK8814 (6), we described the use of a conformationally constrained methoxy piperidine to gain selectivity over the BET bromodomains. Here we describe an orthogonal conformational restriction strategy of the piperidine ring to give potent and selective tropane inhibitors and show structural insights into why this was more challenging than expected. Greater understanding of why different rational approaches succeeded or failed should help in the future design of selectivity in the bromodomain family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paola Grandi
- Molecular Discovery Research, Cellzome GmbH , GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Michon
- Molecular Discovery Research, Cellzome GmbH , GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina Rau
- Molecular Discovery Research, Cellzome GmbH , GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - Thilo Werner
- Molecular Discovery Research, Cellzome GmbH , GlaxoSmithKline , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
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36
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Schiedel M, Conway SJ. Small molecules as tools to study the chemical epigenetics of lysine acetylation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:166-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Zhao Y, Zhou B, Bai L, Liu L, Yang CY, Meagher JL, Stuckey JA, McEachern D, Przybranowski S, Wang M, Ran X, Aguilar A, Hu Y, Kampf JW, Li X, Zhao T, Li S, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S. Structure-Based Discovery of CF53 as a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Bromodomain Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6110-6120. [PMID: 30015487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the structure-based discovery of CF53 (28) as a highly potent and orally active inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins. By the incorporation of a NH-pyrazole group into the 9H-pyrimido[4,5- b]indole core, we identified a series of compounds that bind to BRD4 BD1 protein with Ki values of <1 nM and achieve low nanomolar potencies in the cell growth inhibition of leukemia and breast cancer cells. The most-promising compound, CF53, possesses excellent oral pharmacokinetic properties and achieves significant antitumor activity in both triple-negative breast cancer and acute leukemia xenograft models in mice. Determination of the co-crystal structure of CF53 with the BRD4 BD1 protein provides a structural basis for its high binding affinity to BET proteins. CF53 is very selective over non-BET bromodomain-containing proteins. These data establish CF53 as a potent, selective, and orally active BET inhibitor, which warrants further evaluation for advanced preclinical development.
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38
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Marchand JR, Caflisch A. In silico fragment-based drug design with SEED. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:907-917. [PMID: 30064119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report on two fragment-based drug design protocols, SEED2XR and ALTA, which start by high-throughput docking. SEED2XR is a two-stage protocol for fragment-based drug design. The first stage is in silico and consists of the automatic docking of 103-104 fragments using SEED, which requires about 1 s per fragment. SEED is a docking software developed specifically for fragment docking and binding energy evaluation by a force field with implicit solvent. In the second stage of SEED2XR, the 10-102 fragments with the most favorable predicted binding energies are validated by protein X-ray crystallography. The recent applications of SEED2XR to bromodomains demonstrate that the whole SEED2XR protocol can be carried out in about a week of working time, with hit rates ranging from 10% to 40%. Information on fragment-target interactions generated by the SEED2XR protocol or directly from SEED docking has been used for the discovery of hundreds of hits. ALTA is a computational protocol for screening which identifies candidate ligands that preserve the interactions between the optimal SEED fragments and the protein target. Medicinal chemistry optimization of ligands predicted by ALTA has resulted in pre-clinical candidates for protein kinases and bromodomains. The high-throughput, very low cost, sustainability, and high hit rate of the SEED-based protocols, unreachable by purely experimental techniques, make them perfectly suitable for both academic and industrial drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rémy Marchand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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39
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Jennings LE, Schiedel M, Hewings DS, Picaud S, Laurin CMC, Bruno PA, Bluck JP, Scorah AR, See L, Reynolds JK, Moroglu M, Mistry IN, Hicks A, Guzanov P, Clayton J, Evans CNG, Stazi G, Biggin PC, Mapp AK, Hammond EM, Humphreys PG, Filippakopoulos P, Conway SJ. BET bromodomain ligands: Probing the WPF shelf to improve BRD4 bromodomain affinity and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2937-2957. [PMID: 29776834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligands for the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomains have shown promise as useful therapeutic agents for treating a range of cancers and inflammation. Here we report that our previously developed 3,5-dimethylisoxazole-based BET bromodomain ligand (OXFBD02) inhibits interactions of BRD4(1) with the RelA subunit of NF-κB, in addition to histone H4. This ligand shows a promising profile in a screen of the NCI-60 panel but was rapidly metabolised (t½ = 39.8 min). Structure-guided optimisation of compound properties led to the development of the 3-pyridyl-derived OXFBD04. Molecular dynamics simulations assisted our understanding of the role played by an internal hydrogen bond in altering the affinity of this series of molecules for BRD4(1). OXFBD04 shows improved BRD4(1) affinity (IC50 = 166 nM), optimised physicochemical properties (LE = 0.43; LLE = 5.74; SFI = 5.96), and greater metabolic stability (t½ = 388 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David S Hewings
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Corentine M C Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Bruno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States
| | - Joseph P Bluck
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R Scorah
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa See
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ishna N Mistry
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Guzanov
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles N G Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Stazi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States
| | - Ester M Hammond
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G Humphreys
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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40
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Kim YH, Kim M, Yoo M, Kim JE, Lee HK, Heo JN, Lee CO, Yoo M, Jung KY, Yun CS, Moon SW, Chang HK, Chung CW, Pyo S, Choi SU, Park CH. A natural compound, aristoyagonine, is identified as a potent bromodomain inhibitor by mid-throughput screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:882-887. [PMID: 29928885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) is known to play a key role in tumorigenesis. It binds acetylated histones to regulate the expression of numerous genes. Because of the importance of brd4 in tumorigenesis, much research has been undertaken to develop brd4 inhibitors with therapeutic potential. As a result, various scaffolds for bromodomain inhibitors have been identified. To discover new scaffolds, we performed mid-throughput screening using two different enzyme assays, alpha-screen and ELISA. We found a novel bromodomain inhibitor with a unique scaffold, aristoyagonine. This natural compound showed inhibitory activity in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in a Ty82-xenograft mouse model. In addition, we tested Brd4 inhibitors in gastric cancer cell lines, and found that aristoyagonine exerted cytotoxicity not only in I-BET-762-sensitive cancer cells, but also in I-BET-762-resistant cancer cells. This is the first paper to describe a natural compound as a Brd4 bromodomain inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Kyunggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoun Yoo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyoung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Nyoung Heo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Ock Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Yoo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Yun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woong Moon
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Chang
- LegoChem Biosciences, Inc, 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Chung
- LegoChem Biosciences, Inc, 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Kyunggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Fidanze SD, Liu D, Mantei RA, Hasvold LA, Pratt JK, Sheppard GS, Wang L, Holms JH, Dai Y, Aguirre A, Bogdan A, Dietrich JD, Marjanovic J, Park CH, Hutchins CW, Lin X, Bui MH, Huang X, Wilcox D, Li L, Wang R, Kovar P, Magoc TJ, Rajaraman G, Albert DH, Shen Y, Kati WM, McDaniel KF. Discovery and optimization of novel constrained pyrrolopyridone BET family inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1804-1810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Doroshow DB, Eder JP, LoRusso PM. BET inhibitors: a novel epigenetic approach. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1776-1787. [PMID: 28838216 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has been defined as 'the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions so as to register, signal or perpetuate altered activity states.' Currently, several classes of anticancer drugs function at the epigenetic level, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase (HDAC), lysine-specific demethylase 1, zeste homolog 2, and bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins.BET proteins have multiple functions, including the initiation and elongation of transcription and cell cycle regulation. In recent years, inhibitors of BET proteins have been developed as anticancer agents. These inhibitors exhibit selectivity for tumor cells by preferentially binding to superenhancers, noncoding regions of DNA critical for the transcription of genes that determine a cell's identity. Preclinical research on BET inhibitors has identified them as a potential means of targeting MYC.Early clinical trials with BET inhibitors have had mixed results, with few responses in both hematologic and solid tumors that tend to be short-lived. Toxicities have included severe, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; GI side-effects, fatigue, and low-grade dysgeusia have limited compliance. However, preclinical data suggest that BET inhibitors may have a promising future in combination with other agents. They appear to be able to overcome resistance to targeted agents and have strong synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as with multiple epigenetic agents, particularly HDAC inhibitors. In many instances, BET and HDAC inhibitors were synergistic at reduced doses, suggesting a potential means of avoiding the overlapping toxicities of the two drug classes.BET inhibitors provide a novel approach to epigenetic anticancer therapy. However, to date they appear to have limited efficacy as single agents. A focus on BET inhibitors in combination with other drugs such as targeted and/or as other epigenetic agents is warranted, due to limited monotherapy activity, including pharmacodynamic correlatives differential activity amongst select drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Doroshow
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - J P Eder
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - P M LoRusso
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
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43
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Morse MA, Balogh KK, Brendle SA, Campbell CA, Chen MX, Furze RC, Harada IL, Holyer ID, Kumar U, Lee K, Prinjha RK, Rüdiger M, Seal JT, Taylor S, Witherington J, Christensen ND. BET bromodomain inhibitors show anti-papillomavirus activity in vitro and block CRPV wart growth in vivo. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:158-165. [PMID: 29653131 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The DNA papillomaviruses infect squamous epithelium and can cause persistent, benign and sometimes malignant hyperproliferative lesions. Effective antiviral drugs to treat human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are lacking and here we investigate the anti-papillomavirus activity of novel epigenetic targeting drugs, BET bromodomain inhibitors. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) proteins are host proteins which regulate gene transcription, they bind acetylated lysine residues in histones and non-histone proteins via bromodomains, functioning as scaffold proteins in the formation of transcriptional complexes at gene regulatory regions. The BET protein BRD4 has been shown to be involved in the papillomavirus life cycle, as a co-factor for viral E2 and also mediating viral partitioning in some virus types. We set out to study the activity of small molecule BET bromodomain inhibitors in models of papillomavirus infection. Several BET inhibitors reduced HPV11 E1ˆE4 mRNA expression in vitro and topical therapeutic administration of an exemplar compound I-BET762, abrogated CRPV cutaneous wart growth in rabbits, demonstrating translation of anti-viral effects to efficacy in vivo. Additionally I-BET762 markedly reduced viability of HPV16 infected W12 cells compared to non-infected C33A cells. The molecular mechanism for the cytotoxicity to W12 cells is unknown but may be through blocking viral-dependent cell-survival factors. We conclude that these effects, across multiple papillomavirus types and in vivo, highlight the potential to target BET bromodomains to treat HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Morse
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Karla K Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Sarah A Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Colin A Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Mao X Chen
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rebecca C Furze
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Isobel L Harada
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ian D Holyer
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Umesh Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kevin Lee
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Rüdiger
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jonathan T Seal
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Simon Taylor
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jason Witherington
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Neil D Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, H069, Department of Pathology, C7800, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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44
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Bennett MJ, Wu Y, Boloor A, Matuszkiewicz J, O'Connell SM, Shi L, Stansfield RK, Del Rosario JR, Veal JM, Hosfield DJ, Xu J, Kaldor SW, Stafford JA, Betancort JM. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenylisoquinolinone BET bromodomain inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1811-1816. [PMID: 29657099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of epigenetic proteins has attracted considerable attention in drug discovery given its involvement in regulating gene transcription. Screening a focused small molecule library based on the bromodomain pharmacophore resulted in the identification of 2-methylisoquinoline-1-one as a novel BET bromodomain-binding motif. Structure guided SAR exploration resulted in >10,000-fold potency improvement for the BRD4-BD1 bromodomain. Lead compounds exhibited excellent potencies in both biochemical and cellular assays in MYC-dependent cell lines. Compound 36 demonstrated good physicochemical properties and promising exposure levels in exploratory PK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bennett
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Yiqin Wu
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Amogh Boloor
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Matuszkiewicz
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Shawn M O'Connell
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ryan K Stansfield
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Joselyn R Del Rosario
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - James M Veal
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - David J Hosfield
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Jiangchun Xu
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Stephen W Kaldor
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Stafford
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Juan M Betancort
- Celgene Quanticel Research, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
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45
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A Bioactive Trypanosoma cruzi Bromodomain Inhibitor from Chemically Engineered Extracts. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:220-228. [PMID: 29481050 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A set of chemically engineered extracts enriched in compounds including N-N and N-O fragments in their structures was prepared. Bromodomain binding screening and bioguided fractionation led to the identification of one oxime hit that interacts with TcBDF3 with affinity in the submicromolar range and that shows interesting antiparasitic properties against the different life cycle stages of T. cruzi.
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46
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Ali I, Conrad RJ, Verdin E, Ott M. Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1216-1252. [PMID: 29405707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of nonhistone proteins located in virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize key findings in the field of protein acetylation over the past 20 years with a focus on recent discoveries in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these findings have elevated protein acetylation as a major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance in gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan J Conrad
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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47
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Egner JM, Jensen DR, Olp MD, Kennedy NW, Volkman BF, Peterson FC, Smith BC, Hill RB. Development and Validation of 2D Difference Intensity Analysis for Chemical Library Screening by Protein-Detected NMR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2018; 19:448-458. [PMID: 29239081 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An academic chemical screening approach was developed by using 2D protein-detected NMR, and a 352-chemical fragment library was screened against three different protein targets. The approach was optimized against two protein targets with known ligands: CXCL12 and BRD4. Principal component analysis reliably identified compounds that induced nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening but did not unambiguously identify ligands with specific affinity (hits). For improved hit detection, a novel scoring metric-difference intensity analysis (DIA)-was devised that sums all positive and negative intensities from 2D difference spectra. Applying DIA quickly discriminated potential ligands from compounds inducing nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening and other nonspecific effects. Subsequent NMR titrations validated chemotypes important for binding to CXCL12 and BRD4. A novel target, mitochondrial fission protein Fis1, was screened, and six hits were identified by using DIA. Screening these diverse protein targets identified quinones and catechols that induced nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening, hampering NMR analyses, but are currently not computationally identified as pan-assay interference compounds. The results established a streamlined screening workflow that can easily be scaled and adapted as part of a larger screening pipeline to identify fragment hits and assess relative binding affinities in the range of 0.3-1.6 mm. DIA could prove useful in library screening and other applications in which NMR chemical shift perturbations are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Egner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael D Olp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Nolan W Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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48
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Runcie AC, Zengerle M, Chan KH, Testa A, van Beurden L, Baud MGJ, Epemolu O, Ellis LCJ, Read KD, Coulthard V, Brien A, Ciulli A. Optimization of a "bump-and-hole" approach to allele-selective BET bromodomain inhibition. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2452-2468. [PMID: 29732121 PMCID: PMC5909127 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02536j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific chemical genetics enables selective inhibition within families of highly-conserved proteins.
Allele-specific chemical genetics enables selective inhibition within families of highly-conserved proteins. The four BET (bromodomain & extra-terminal domain) proteins – BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT bind acetylated chromatin via their bromodomains and regulate processes such as cell proliferation and inflammation. BET bromodomains are of particular interest, as they are attractive therapeutic targets but existing inhibitors are pan-selective. We previously established a bump-&-hole system for the BET bromodomains, pairing a leucine/alanine mutation with an ethyl-derived analogue of an established benzodiazepine scaffold. Here we optimize upon this system with the introduction of a more conservative and less disruptive leucine/valine mutation. Extensive structure–activity-relationships of diverse benzodiazepine analogues guided the development of potent, mutant-selective inhibitors with desirable physiochemical properties. The active enantiomer of our best compound – 9-ME-1 – shows ∼200 nM potency, >100-fold selectivity for the L/V mutant over wild-type and excellent DMPK properties. Through a variety of in vitro and cellular assays we validate the capabilities of our optimized system, and then utilize it to compare the relative importance of the first and second bromodomains to chromatin binding. These experiments confirm the primacy of the first bromodomain in all BET proteins, but also significant variation in the importance of the second bromodomain. We also show that, despite having a minor role in chromatin recognition, BRD4 BD2 is still essential for gene expression, likely through the recruitment of non-histone proteins. The disclosed inhibitor:mutant pair provides a powerful tool for future cellular and in vivo target validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Runcie
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - M Zengerle
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - K-H Chan
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - A Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - L van Beurden
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - M G J Baud
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - O Epemolu
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - L C J Ellis
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - K D Read
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
| | - V Coulthard
- Reach Separations Ltd , BioCity Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - A Brien
- Reach Separations Ltd , BioCity Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - A Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery , School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland , UK .
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49
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McDaniel KF, Wang L, Soltwedel T, Fidanze SD, Hasvold LA, Liu D, Mantei RA, Pratt JK, Sheppard GS, Bui MH, Faivre EJ, Huang X, Li L, Lin X, Wang R, Warder SE, Wilcox D, Albert DH, Magoc TJ, Rajaraman G, Park CH, Hutchins CW, Shen JJ, Edalji RP, Sun CC, Martin R, Gao W, Wong S, Fang G, Elmore SW, Shen Y, Kati WM. Discovery of N-(4-(2,4-Difluorophenoxy)-3-(6-methyl-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethanesulfonamide (ABBV-075/Mivebresib), a Potent and Orally Available Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain (BET) Family Bromodomain Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8369-8384. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith F. McDaniel
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Le Wang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Todd Soltwedel
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven D. Fidanze
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lisa A. Hasvold
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dachun Liu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert A. Mantei
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John K. Pratt
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - George S. Sheppard
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Mai H. Bui
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Emily J. Faivre
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Leiming Li
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rongqi Wang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Scott E. Warder
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Denise Wilcox
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel H. Albert
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Terrance J. Magoc
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ganesh Rajaraman
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Chang H. Park
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Charles W. Hutchins
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jianwei J. Shen
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rohinton P. Edalji
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Chaohong C. Sun
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ruth Martin
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shekman Wong
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Guowei Fang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven W. Elmore
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yu Shen
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Warren M. Kati
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North
Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Hügle M, Lucas X, Ostrovskyi D, Regenass P, Gerhardt S, Einsle O, Hau M, Jung M, Breit B, Günther S, Wohlwend D. Beyond the BET Family: Targeting CBP/p300 with 4‐Acyl Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hügle
- Institut für Biochemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Xavier Lucas
- School of Life Sciences Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery University of Dundee, James Black Centre Dow Street Dundee DD1 5EH UK
| | - Dmytro Ostrovskyi
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Pierre Regenass
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Gerhardt
- Institut für Biochemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institut für Biochemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Mirjam Hau
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wohlwend
- Institut für Biochemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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