1
|
Ogihara A, Abe T, Shimoda K, Sasaki T, Kudo H. Messenger RNA transcription levels of neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex components in the olfactory nerve system of the anadromous Pacific salmon, masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1635-1650. [PMID: 38775866 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Anadromous Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) are known for homing behavior to their natal rivers based on olfactory imprinted memories during seaward migration. The SNARE complex is a regulator of vesicle exocytosis from the presynaptic membrane. Our previous study suggested that its component genes (Snap25, Stx1, and Vamp2) are more highly expressed in the olfactory nervous system (ONS) during the migration stages associated with olfactory imprinting in the evolutionary species of Pacific salmon, such as chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon. Masu salmon (O. masou) has a significantly different life history from these species, living longer in rivers and being a more primitive Pacific salmon species. In this study, the transcription of snare mRNAs in the ONS was analyzed using mainly male wild masu salmon. Five cDNAs encoding masu salmon SNAREs, which are well conserved among vertebrates, were isolated and sequenced. Each snare mRNA was highly expressed in age 1+ (yearling) parr prior to smoltification, particularly in the olfactory bulb. Their transcription status was significantly different from that of chum and pink salmon, which showed high expression in earlier under-yearling juveniles. The present results and our previous studies indicate that snare mRNAs are highly transcripted until the seaward migration, reflecting neural development and neuroplasticity of the ONS for olfactory imprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ogihara
- Laboratory of Humans and the Ocean, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasaki
- Laboratory of Humans and the Ocean, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kudo
- Laboratory of Humans and the Ocean, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abe T, Ichimura M, Kudo H. Gene expression levels of synaptic exocytosis regulator synaptophysin in the brain and the olfactory organ of anadromous salmon. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:461-469. [PMID: 35301620 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anadromous Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) are known for their homing behavior based on olfactory imprinting, which is formed during their seaward migration. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE/Snare) complex is a minimum unit of vesicle exocytosis from the pre-synaptic membrane. Its component genes (synaptosome-associated protein 25, syntaxin 1, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2) are more strongly expressed in the olfactory nervous system (olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, and telencephalon) at the migration stages related to olfactory imprinting and/or retrieval in salmon. This study focused on the mRNA synthesis of synaptophysin (Syp), one of the Snare regulatory factors. syp is strongly expressed in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) olfactory nervous system during the seaward migration and temporarily increased during the homeward migration. In reference to our previous studies, these expression changes were similar to the snare genes in the chum salmon. Therefore, syp and Snare component genes were synchronously expressed reflecting the development and short-term plasticity of the olfactory nervous system that is essential for olfactory imprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Shibetsu Salmon Museum, North 1, West 6, Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Ichimura
- Shibetsu Salmon Museum, North 1, West 6, Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kudo
- Laboratory of Humans and the Ocean, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abe T, Koshino Y, Watanabe T, Miyakoshi Y, Yoshida Y, Kudo H. Gene expression of neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex components in the olfactory organ and brain during seaward and homeward migration by pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1794-1807. [PMID: 32920827 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of synaptic vesicle exocytosis-regulator SNARE complex component genes (snap25, stx1 and vamp2) was examined in the olfactory nervous system during seaward and homeward migration by pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). The expression levels of snares in the olfactory organ were higher in seaward fry than in feeding and homeward adults, reflecting the development of the olfactory nervous system. The expression of snap25a, b and stx1a was upregulated or stable in the adult olfactory bulb and telencephalon. This upregulated expression suggested alterations in olfactory neuronal plasticity that may be related to the discrimination of natal rivers. The expression of stx1b was downregulated in the adult olfactory bulb, but remained stable in the adult telencephalon. The expression of vamp2 was initially strong in seaward fry, but was downregulated in adults in both the olfactory bulb and telencephalon. Pink salmon has the lowest diversity of maturation age, the largest population, and the most evolutional position in Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus). The expression of snares in the olfactory center of pink salmon reflected the timing of sexual maturation and homeward migration. The present results and our previous studies indicate that snares show distinct expression patterns between two salmon species that depend on physiological and ecological features of migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Yosuke Koshino
- Doto Research Branch, Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Watanabe
- Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Eniwa, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideaki Kudo
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lehnert SJ, Kess T, Bentzen P, Clément M, Bradbury IR. Divergent and linked selection shape patterns of genomic differentiation between European and North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2160-2175. [PMID: 32432380 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As populations diverge many processes can shape genomic patterns of differentiation. Regions of high differentiation can arise due to divergent selection acting on selected loci, genetic hitchhiking of nearby loci, or through repeated selection against deleterious alleles (linked background selection); this divergence may then be further elevated in regions of reduced recombination. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from Europe and North America diverged >600,000 years ago and despite some evidence of secondary contact, the majority of genetic data indicate substantial divergence between lineages. This deep divergence with potential gene flow provides an opportunity to investigate the role of different mechanisms that shape the genomic landscape during early speciation. Here, using 184,295 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 80 populations, we investigate the genomic landscape of differentiation across the Atlantic Ocean with a focus on highly differentiated regions and the processes shaping them. We found evidence of high (mean FST = 0.26) and heterogeneous genomic differentiation between continents. Genomic regions associated with high trans-Atlantic differentiation ranged in size from single loci (SNPs) within important genes to large regions (1-3 Mbp) on four chromosomes (Ssa06, Ssa13, Ssa16 and Ssa19). These regions showed signatures consistent with selection, including high linkage disequilibrium, despite no significant reduction in recombination. Genes and functional enrichment of processes associated with differentiated regions may highlight continental differences in ocean navigation and parasite resistance. Our results provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying differences between continents, and evidence of near-fixed and potentially adaptive trans-Atlantic differences concurrent with a background of high genome-wide differentiation supports subspecies designation in Atlantic salmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Lehnert
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tony Kess
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Marie Clément
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Labrador Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada
| | - Ian R Bradbury
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Williams CR, Dittman AH, McElhany P, Busch DS, Maher M, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Gallagher EP. Elevated CO 2 impairs olfactory-mediated neural and behavioral responses and gene expression in ocean-phase coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:963-977. [PMID: 30561876 PMCID: PMC7065673 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of CO2 in seawater can disrupt numerous sensory systems in marine fish. This is of particular concern for Pacific salmon because they rely on olfaction during all aspects of their life including during their homing migrations from the ocean back to their natal streams. We investigated the effects of elevated seawater CO2 on coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) olfactory-mediated behavior, neural signaling, and gene expression within the peripheral and central olfactory system. Ocean-phase coho salmon were exposed to three levels of CO2 , ranging from those currently found in ambient marine water to projected future levels. Juvenile coho salmon exposed to elevated CO2 levels for 2 weeks no longer avoided a skin extract odor that elicited avoidance responses in coho salmon maintained in ambient CO2 seawater. Exposure to these elevated CO2 levels did not alter odor signaling in the olfactory epithelium, but did induce significant changes in signaling within the olfactory bulb. RNA-Seq analysis of olfactory tissues revealed extensive disruption in expression of genes involved in neuronal signaling within the olfactory bulb of salmon exposed to elevated CO2 , with lesser impacts on gene expression in the olfactory rosettes. The disruption in olfactory bulb gene pathways included genes associated with GABA signaling and maintenance of ion balance within bulbar neurons. Our results indicate that ocean-phase coho salmon exposed to elevated CO2 can experience significant behavioral impairments likely driven by alteration in higher-order neural signal processing within the olfactory bulb. Our study demonstrates that anadromous fish such as salmon may share a sensitivity to rising CO2 levels with obligate marine species suggesting a more wide-scale ecological impact of ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chase R. Williams
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Andrew H. Dittman
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112, USA
- Corresponding author at NOAA fisheries, Andrew H. Dittman, Ph.D., Tel: 206-860-3392,
| | - Paul McElhany
- Conservation Biology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 802 Front Street, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
| | - D. Shallin Busch
- Conservation Biology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 802 Front Street, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
- Ocean Acidification Program, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle WA 98112, USA
| | - Michael Maher
- Conservation Biology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 802 Front Street, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98105
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Evan P. Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98105
- Corresponding author at the University of Washington, Evan P. Gallagher, Ph.D., Tel: 1-206-616-4739,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular characterization and gene expression of syntaxin-1 and VAMP2 in the olfactory organ and brain during both seaward and homeward migrations of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 227:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|