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Wang X, Kong D, Huang T, Xu F, Tang MC, Deng Z, Lin S. Flavoprotein StnP2 Catalyzes the β-Carboline Formation during the Streptonigrin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3499-3506. [PMID: 36409520 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids constitute a large family of indole alkaloids that exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Here, we report that a flavoprotein StnP2 catalyzes the dehydrogenation at C1-N2 of a tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) generating a 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (DHβC), and the DHβC subsequently undergoes a spontaneous dehydrogenation to βC formation involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor agent streptonigrin. Biochemical characterization showed that StnP2 catalyzed the highly regio- and stereo-selective dehydrogenation, and StnP2 exhibits promiscuity toward different THβCs. This study provides an alternative kind of enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of βC alkaloids and enhances the importance of flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dekun Kong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Man-Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Zhang Z, Li W, Chang D, Wei Z, Wang E, Yu J, Xu Y, Que Y, Chen Y, Fan C, Ma B, Zhou Y, Huan Z, Yang C, Guo F, Chang J. A combination therapy for androgenic alopecia based on quercetin and zinc/copper dual-doped mesoporous silica nanocomposite microneedle patch. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:81-95. [PMID: 36582348 PMCID: PMC9772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanocomposite microneedle (ZCQ/MN) patch containing copper/zinc dual-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with quercetin (ZCQ) was developed as a combination therapy for androgenic alopecia (AGA). The degradable microneedle gradually dissolves after penetration into the skin and releases the ZCQ nanoparticles. ZCQ nanoparticles release quercetin (Qu), copper (Cu2+) and zinc ions (Zn2+) subcutaneously to synergistically promote hair follicle regeneration. The mechanism of promoting hair follicle regeneration mainly includes the regulation of the main pathophysiological phenomena of AGA such as inhibition of dihydrotestosterone, inhibition of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis and activation of hair follicle stem cells by the combination of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions and Qu. This study demonstrates that the systematic intervention targeting different pathophysiological links of AGA by the combination of organic drug and bioactive metal ions is an effective treatment strategy for hair loss, which provides a theoretical basis for development of biomaterial based anti-hair loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Di Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Ziqin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Endian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yumei Que
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Chen Fan
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Bing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Huan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China.
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3
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Knaus T, Corrado ML, Mutti FG. One-Pot Biocatalytic Synthesis of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines with Two Stereocenters from α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using Alkyl-Ammonium Formate. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14459-14475. [PMID: 36504913 PMCID: PMC9724091 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient asymmetric catalytic synthesis of amines containing more than one stereogenic center is a current challenge. Here, we present a biocatalytic cascade that combines ene-reductases (EReds) with imine reductases/reductive aminases (IReds/RedAms) to enable the conversion of α,β-unsaturated ketones into primary, secondary, and tertiary amines containing two stereogenic centers in very high chemical purity (up to >99%), a diastereomeric ratio, and an enantiomeric ratio (up to >99.8:<0.2). Compared with previously reported strategies, our strategy could synthesize two, three, or even all four of the possible stereoisomers of the amine products while precluding the formation of side-products. Furthermore, ammonium or alkylammonium formate buffer could be used as the only additional reagent since it acted both as an amine donor and as a source of reducing equivalents. This was achieved through the implementation of an NADP-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) for the in situ recycling of the NADPH coenzyme, thus leading to increased atom economy for this biocatalytic transformation. Finally, this dual-enzyme ERed/IRed cascade also exhibits a complementarity with the recently reported EneIRED enzymes for the synthesis of cyclic six-membered ring amines. The ERed/IRed method yielded trans-1,2 and cis-1,3 substituted cyclohexylamines in high optical purities, whereas the EneIRED method was reported to yield one cis-1,2 and one trans-1,3 enantiomer. As a proof of concept, when 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one was converted into secondary and tertiary chiral amines with different amine donors, we could obtain all the four possible stereoisomer products. This result exemplifies the versatility of this method and its potential for future wider utilization in asymmetric synthesis by expanding the toolbox of currently available dehydrogenases via enzyme engineering and discovery.
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Song Y, Wang R, Zhang Z, Liu X, Qi L, Shentu X, Yu X. Semi-rational engineering membrane binding domain of L-amino acid deaminase from Proteus vulgaris for enhanced α-ketoisocaproate. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025845. [PMID: 36246292 PMCID: PMC9561763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Keto acids are important raw materials for pharmaceuticals and functional foods, which could be produced from cheap feed stock by whole cell biocatalysts containing L-amino acid deaminases (L-AADs). However, the production capacity is limited by the low activity of L-AADs. The L-AAD mediated redox reaction employs the electron transport chain to transfer electrons from the reduced FADH2 to O2, implying that the interaction between L-AAD and the cell membrane affects its catalytic activity. To improve the catalytic activity of L-AAD from Proteus vulgaris, we redesigned the membrane-bound hydrophobic insertion sequences (INS, residues 325–375) by saturation mutagenesis and high-throughput screening. Mutants D340N and L363N exhibited higher affinity and catalytic efficiency for L-leucine, with half-life 1.62-fold and 1.28-fold longer than that of wild-type L-AAD. D340N catalyzed L-leucine to produce 81.21 g⋅L–1 α-ketoisocaproate, with a bioconversion rate of 89.06%, which was 17.57% higher than that of the wild-type. It is predicted that the mutations enhanced the interaction between the protein and the cell membrane.
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Novel Enzymatic Method for Imine Synthesis via the Oxidation of Primary Amines Using D-Amino Acid Oxidase from Porcine Kidney. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During studies on the oxidative cyanation reaction catalyzed by a variant of D-amino acid oxidase from porcine kidney (pkDAO) (Y228L/R283G), an unexpected formation of 1-phenyl-N-(1-phenylethylidene)ethanamine (PPEA) was detected. The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of PPEA and the reaction mechanism were investigated using the pkDAO variant. The highest PPEA synthesis was obtained in the reaction with 150 mM (R)-MBA at pH 9.0 and at 20 °C. Since PPEA synthesis proceeded by trapping the intermediate 1-phenylethanimine (1-PEI) by 15N-labeled n-hexylamine, which is not a substrate for the pKDAO variant, it was deduced that PPEA would be synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution of 1-PEI by another molecule of (R)-MBA. PPEA was further identified by its conversion to bis(1-phenylethyl)amine (BPEA) through reduction with NaBH4. Thus, a new enzymatic method of imine synthesis by oxidation of primary amine by the variant pkDAO was achieved for the first time.
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6
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Anshuman Gogoi, Linkon Bharali. Conversion of Glycine to Oxalate in Presence of CuSO4⋅5H2O and Isonicotinamide. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Wu Y, Zhang S, Song W, Liu J, Chen X, Hu G, Zhou Y, Liu L, Wu J. Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency of L‐amino Acid Deaminase Achieved by a Shorter Hydride Transfer Distance. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Tianrui Chemical Co. Ltd Department of Chemistry Quzhou 324400 P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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8
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Pickl M, Marín-Valls R, Joglar J, Bujons J, Clapés P. Chemoenzymatic Production of Enantiocomplementary 2-Substituted 3-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids from L-α-Amino Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:2866-2876. [PMID: 34276272 PMCID: PMC7611260 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A two-enzyme cascade reaction plus in situ oxidative decarboxylation for the transformation of readily available canonical and non-canonical L-α-amino acids into 2-substituted 3-hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives is described. The biocatalytic cascade consisted of an oxidative deamination of L-α-amino acids by an L-α-amino acid deaminase from Cosenzaea myxofaciens, rendering 2-oxoacid intermediates, with an ensuing aldol addition reaction to formaldehyde, catalyzed by metal-dependent (R)- or (S)-selective carboligases namely 2-oxo-3-deoxy-l-rhamnonate aldolase (YfaU) and ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase (KPHMT), respectively, furnishing 3-substituted 4-hydroxy-2-oxoacids. The overall substrate conversion was optimized by balancing biocatalyst loading and amino acid and formaldehyde concentrations, yielding 36-98% aldol adduct formation and 91- 98% ee for each enantiomer. Subsequent in situ follow-up chemistry via hydrogen peroxide-driven oxidative decarboxylation afforded the corresponding 2-substituted 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pickl
- Department of Chemical Biology. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roser Marín-Valls
- Department of Chemical Biology. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Department of Chemical Biology. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Department of Chemical Biology. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Department of Chemical Biology. Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Ancestral L-amino acid oxidases for deracemization and stereoinversion of amino acids. Commun Chem 2020; 3:181. [PMID: 36703379 PMCID: PMC9814856 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) can be applied to convert racemic amino acids to D-isomers, which are potential precursors of pharmaceuticals. However, this application is hampered by the lack of available stable and structure-determined LAAOs. In this study, we attempt to address this limitation by utilizing two ancestral LAAOs: AncLAAO-N4 and AncLAAO-N5. AncLAAO-N4 has the highest thermal and temporal stabilities among the designed LAAOs that can be used for deracemization and stereoinversion. AncLAAO-N5 can provide X-ray crystal structures, which are helpful to reveal substrate recognition and reaction mechanisms of LAAOs at the molecular level. Next, we attempted to improve activity of AncLAAO-N4 toward L-Val through a semi-rational protein engineering method. Three variants with enhanced activity toward L-Val were obtained. Taken together, we believe that the activity and substrate selectivity of AncLAAOs give them the potential to be key enzymes in various chemoenzymatic reactions.
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10
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Chu Q, Zhu H, Liu B, Cao G, Fang C, Wu Y, Li X, Han G. Delivery of amino acid oxidase via catalytic nanocapsules to enable effective tumor inhibition. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8546-8557. [PMID: 32840278 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins in tumor cells. The consumption of amino acid can be an effective approach for destroying the tumor cytoskeleton and malfunctioning of the intracellular metabolic balance. Following this concept, herein, amino acid oxidase (AAO) is delivered by hollow Fe3+/tannic acid nanocapsules (HFe-TA) and incorporated within the cancer cell membrane (M) for the first time for synergistic tumor therapy. In this system (M@AAO@HFe-TA), the intracellularly delivered AAO molecules catalyze the oxidative deamination effectively and consume amino acids significantly. The upregulation of intracellular acid and H2O2 concentration facilitates the HFe-TA mediated Fenton reaction and enhances the induction of cytotoxic ˙OH. With the combined effects, considerable in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition was achieved by M@AAO@Fe-TA due to the activated Bcl-2/Bax/Cyt C/caspase 3 mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study offers an alternative therapeutic platform, functioning as a biomimetic cascade nanozyme, to enable synergistic starvation and chemodynamic tumor therapy with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Huimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Flavin-dependent enzymes catalyze a wide variety of biological reactions that are important for all types of living organisms. Knowledge gained from studying the chemistry and biological functions of flavins and flavin-dependent enzymes has continuously made significant contributions to the development of the fields of enzymology and metabolism from the 1970s until now. The enzymes have been applied in various applications such as use as biocatalysts in synthetic processes for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries or in the biodetoxification and bioremediation of toxic or unwanted compounds, and as biosensors or biodetection tools for quantifying various agents of interest. Many flavin-dependent enzymes are also prime targets for drug development. Based on their reaction mechanisms, they can be classified into five categories: oxidase, dehydrogenase, monooxygenase, reductase, and redox neutral flavin-dependent enzymes. In this chapter, the general properties of flavin-dependent enzymes and the nature of their chemical reactions are discussed, along with their practical applications.
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Yasukawa K, Kawahara N, Motojima F, Nakano S, Asano Y. Porcine kidney d-amino acid oxidase-derived R-amine oxidases with new substrate specificities. Enzymes 2020; 47:117-136. [PMID: 32951821 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An R-stereoselective amine oxidase and variants with markedly altered substrate specificity toward (R)-amines were generated from porcine d-amino acid oxidase (pkDAO), based on the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the wild-type enzyme. The new R-amine oxidase, a pkDAO variant (Y228L/R283G), acted on α-MBA and its derivatives, α-ethylbenzylamine, alkylamine, and cyclic secondary amines, totally losing the activities toward the original substrates, d-amino acids. The variant is enantiocomplementary to the flavin-type S-stereoselective amine oxidase variant from Aspergillus niger. Moreover, we solved the structure of pkDAO variants and successfully applied the obtained information to generate more variants through rational protein engineering, and used them in the synthesis of pharmaceutically attractive chiral compounds. The pkDAO variant Y228L/R283G and a variant I230A/R283G were used to synthesize (S)-amine and (R)-4-CBHA through deracemization, from racemic α-methylbenzylamine and benzhydrylamine, respectively, by selective oxidation of one of the enantiomers in the presence of a chemical reductant such as NaBH4. From a mechanistic point of view, we speculated that the imine intermediate, synthesized by oxidases or dehydrogenases, could be converted into primary α-aminonitrile by nucleophilic addition of cyanide in aqueous solutions. Nitriles and some unnatural amino acids were synthesized through a cascade reaction by oxidative cyanation reaction with the variant and a wide substrate specificity nitrilase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Yasukawa
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kawahara
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Motojima
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.
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14
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Tatsumi M, Hoshino W, Kodama Y, Ueatrongchit T, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Tagami U, Miyano H, Asano Y, Mizukoshi T. Development of a rapid and simple glycine analysis method using a stable glycine oxidase mutant. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113447. [PMID: 31562850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine analysis is important in research fields such as physiology and healthcare because the concentration of glycine in human plasma has been reported to change with various disorders. Glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis (GlyOX) is useful for quantitative analysis of glycine. However, GlyOX is not sufficiently stable for use in physiology-based research or clinical settings. In this report, site-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a GlyOX mutant suitable for glycine analysis. The GlyOX triple-mutant (T42 A/C245 S/L301V) retained most of its enzymatic activity during storage for over a year at 4 °C. A colorimetric enzyme analysis protocol was established using the GlyOX triple-mutant to determine glycine concentrations in human plasma. The analysis showed high accuracy (-5.4 to 3.5% relative errors when compared with the results from an amino acid analyzer, and 96.0-98.7% recoveries) and high precision (<4% between-run variation). Sample pretreatments of deproteinization and derivatization were not required. Therefore, this novel enzymatic analysis offers an effective and useful method for determining glycine concentrations in physiology related research and the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Tatsumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Wataru Hoshino
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yuya Kodama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Techawaree Ueatrongchit
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Uno Tagami
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
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15
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Tomari N, Sasamoto K, Sakai H, Tani T, Yamamoto Y, Nishiya Y. New enzymatic assays based on the combination of signal accumulation type of ion sensitive field effect transistor (SA-ISFET) with horseradish peroxidase. Anal Biochem 2019; 584:113353. [PMID: 31271734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidase is widely used for the detection of secondary reactions during measurements of various enzymatic reactions, such as that of oxidase activity, or as an enzyme for immunoassay. Conventional methods utilizing the enzyme require expensive equipment such as a spectrophotometer to measure the absorption of light by the reaction product. Here, we describe a simple and cost-effective method for measuring enzymatic reactions using a signal accumulation type of ion sensitive field effect transistor (SA-ISFET) sensor capable of detecting the proton changes due to the enzymatic reaction. Using this detection principle, we constructed a detection system combining ABTS, an electron mediator, and a horseradish peroxidase activity detection system. As a result, we could quantitatively measure hydrogen peroxide with excellent reproducibility and linearity. As an application of this tool, we describe an oxidase-peroxidase reaction system for the measurement of glucose, sarcosine, uric acid and lactic acid. In addition, we describe an immunoassay system using a peroxidase-labeled antibody for detection of Escherichia coli. We also describe a prototype for a flow-type ISFET device for continuous and routine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Tomari
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudouji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasamoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanaka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8508, Japan
| | - Hanami Sakai
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanaka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8508, Japan
| | - Toshio Tani
- Bio-X Inc., 121-17 Terada-Imahori, Joyo, Kyoto, 610-0121, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudouji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishiya
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanaka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8508, Japan.
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16
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Matsui D, Asano Y. Creation of thermostable l-tryptophan dehydrogenase by protein engineering and its application for l-tryptophan quantification. Anal Biochem 2019; 579:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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