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Falconí K, Zapata-Vívenes É, Lodeiros C. Inorganic osmolytes and enzymatic biomarkers from the manabi oyster (Crassostrea cf. corteziensis) in response to saline stress. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106409. [PMID: 38461608 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Abrupt drops in salinity that occur in tropical estuaries during the equatorial rainy season led to hyposaline conditions which may reduce the populational density of oysters. To assess the effect of saline stress on physiological and metabolic responses of the Manabi oyster (Crassostrea cf. corteziensis) was exposed to 35, 30, 20,10 and 5‰ concentrations during 96 h. Inorganic osmolytes, pH, salinity, haemocyanin and protein concentration in the plasma as well as the number of oysters with closed valves were recorded. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and catalase (CAT) activity were analysed. Inorganic osmolytes and internal salinity were elevated in oysters exposed to 35, 10 and 5‰. A significant number of oysters with valve closure was observed in 10 and 5‰, which coincided with a decline in physiological pH and changes in haemocyanin concentrations. AST activity and AST/ALT ratio were reduced under 35, 10 and 5‰, and CAT increased in oysters exposed to 35‰; but protein concentration, LDH and ALP did not show significant variations. Metabolic adjustment and behavior of the Manabi oyster could explain tolerance and survival (at least for a short term) to hyposaline stress in tropical estuarine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Falconí
- Programa de Maestría en Acuicultura, Instituto de Postgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador.
| | - Édgar Zapata-Vívenes
- Grupo de Investigación, Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.
| | - César Lodeiros
- Grupo de Investigación, Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.
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Shang Y, Wang X, Shi Y, Huang W, Sokolova I, Chang X, Chen D, Wei S, Khan FU, Hu M, Wang Y. Ocean acidificationf affects the bioenergetics of marine mussels as revealed by high-coverage quantitative metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160090. [PMID: 36379341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification has become a major ecological and environmental problem in the world, whereas the impact mechanism of ocean acidification in marine bivalves is not fully understood. Cellular energy allocation (CEA) approach and high-coverage metabolomic techniques were used to investigate the acidification effects on the energy metabolism of mussels. The thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to seawater pH 8.1 (control) and pH 7.7 (acidification) for 14 days and allowed to recover at pH 8.1 for 7 days. The levels of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins significantly decreased in the digestive glands of the mussels exposed to acidification. The 14-day acidification exposure increased the energy demands of mussels, resulting in increased electron transport system (ETS) activity and decreased cellular energy allocation (CEA). Significant carry-over effects were observed on all cellular energy parameters except the concentration of carbohydrates and cellular energy demand (Ec) after 7 days of recovery. Metabolomic analysis showed that acidification affected the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that mussel cell energy parameters (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, CEA) were negatively/positively correlated with certain differentially abundant metabolites. Overall, the integrated biochemical and metabolomics analyses demonstrated the negative effects of acidification on energy metabolism at the cellular level and implicated the alteration of biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids as a mechanism of metabolic perturbation caused by acidification in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuntian Shi
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Inna Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xueqing Chang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wei
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Fisheries & Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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Piwoni-Piórewicz A, Strekopytov S, Humphreys-Williams E, Najorka J, Szymczycha B, Kukliński P. Polymorphism of CaCO 3 and the variability of elemental composition of the calcareous skeletons secreted by invertebrates along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea. GEOBIOLOGY 2022; 20:575-596. [PMID: 35610771 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is of great importance in ecosystem functioning and for the use of carbonate skeleton as environmental proxies. Skeletal formation is controlled to different degrees by environmental parameters and biological mechanisms. While salinity is one of the most important factors affecting ecological processes and ocean physiochemistry, the goal of this investigation was to identify how salinity influences the mineral type and the concentrations of chemical elements in the whole skeleton of invertebrates from the Baltic Sea. In this model system, the surface salinity decreases from marine values (27.2) to almost fresh water (6.1). The selected organisms, mussels (Mytilus spp.), bryozoans (Einhornia crustulenta, Cribrilina cryptooecium, Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra pilosa, Escharella immersa), barnacles (Amphibalanus improvisus, Semibalanus balanoides), and polychaetes (Spirorbis tridentatus), precipitated skeleton composed of calcite and aragonite, most likely as a result of various interacting environmental and biological factors. The concentrations of all elements in bulk skeleton were highly variable between species from the same location, underlining the role of the biological mechanisms in skeletal formation. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Na increased in the bulk skeleton of stenohaline organisms with increasing salinity, while in the bulk skeleton of euryhaline species, only the concentration of Na increased with increasing salinity. The concentrations of Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Y, V, Cd, and U in the skeleton of euryhaline species generally decreased at higher salinities, most likely reflecting the lower bioavailability of elements at higher salinity. However, the concentrations of elements in the skeleton of stenohaline organisms were highly variable with no clear salinity impact. This study suggests that, although the composition of skeleton of calcifying organisms along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea is to a large extent affected by biological mechanisms, it also reflects the responses to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piwoni-Piórewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | | | | | - Jens Najorka
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Kukliński
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Carducci F, Biscotti MA, Mosca A, Greco S, Gerdol M, Memmola F, Barucca M, Canapa A. The Mantle Transcriptome of Chamelea gallina (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Shell Biomineralization. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091196. [PMID: 35565623 PMCID: PMC9100110 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chamelea gallina is a bivalve mollusc that represents one of the most important fishery resources in the Mediterranean basin. In this species, the thickness and sturdiness of the shell valves are two important characteristics as they are decisive for protection against predators and survival of specimens rejected in the sea because caught under commercial size. The aim of this work is to investigate the ability of this species to modulate the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shell biomineralization process in response to abiotic and biotic factors. Our findings, obtained through a multidisciplinary approach, highlighted a different shell mineralization behaviour in C. gallina clams collected in sampling sites characterized by different salinity and food availability. Moreover, this study provided the first comprehensive transcriptome from mantle, the tissue responsible for shell formation. Therefore, these results contribute to increase knowledge on this process and might help in adopting ad hoc management plans for this fishery resource. Abstract The striped venus Chamelea gallina is a bivalve mollusc that represents one of the most important fishery resources of the Adriatic Sea. In this work, we investigated for the first time the ability of this species to modulate the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in biomineralization process in response to biotic and abiotic factors. We provided the first comprehensive transcriptome from the mantle tissue of clams collected in two sampling sites located along the Italian Adriatic coast and characterized by different environmental features. Moreover, the assessment of environmental parameters, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on valves were conducted to better contextualize RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and SEM observations highlighted a different shell mineralization behaviour in C. gallina clams collected from two selected sites characterized by diverse environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Carducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Assunta Biscotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Mosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Samuele Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Memmola
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Barucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Canapa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (A.C.)
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Almeida Â, Calisto V, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Salinity-dependent impacts on the effects of antiepileptic and antihistaminic drugs in Ruditapes philippinarum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150369. [PMID: 34571231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In coastal systems, pollutants as pharmaceutical drugs exert changes from the molecular to the organism level in marine bivalves. Besides pollutants, coastal systems are prone to changes in environmental parameters, as the alteration of salinity values because of Climate Change. Together, these stressors (pharmaceutical drugs and salinity changes) can exert different threats than each stressor acting individually; for example, salinity can change the physical-chemical properties of the drugs and/or the sensitivity of the organisms to them. However, limited information is available on this subject, with variable results, and for this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of salinity changes (15, 25 and 35) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 μg/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 μg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days of exposure, drugs concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related to clam's metabolic capacity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that clams under low salinity suffered more changes in metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation activities, in comparison with the remaining salinities under study. However, limited impacts were observed when comparing drug effects at low salinity. Indeed, it seemed that CTZ and CBZ + CTZ, under high salinity (salinity 35) were the worst exposure conditions for the clams, since they caused higher levels of cellular damage. It stands out that salinity changes altered the impact of pharmaceutical drugs on marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Dos Santos CCM, Ferreira JA, Dos Santos CRM, Amado LL. Seasonal modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) from an Amazon estuary. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110953. [PMID: 33823274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Estuaries are the final destination of many pollutants derived from anthropogenic activity. Therefore, it is difficult to find this kind of ecosystem in a pristine condition. In this context, biomonitoring studies that characterize the organism's conditions against the environment' s natural variation are essential for future impact analysis due to anthropic activity. The present study aims to characterize the natural modulation of biochemical biomarkers in oysters Crassostrea gasar. The research was conducted in Japerica Bay, an estuary region located in the Eastern Amazon (Pará, Brazil), which has remained in pristine condition for many years. The samplings were carried out throughout one year during the rainy-dry transition period (June/2013), dry period (September/2013), dry-rainy transition period (November / 2013), and rainy period (February / 2014) in the lower and upper estuary. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) were evaluated as biomarkers of exposure and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an effect biomarker. In gills, GST decreased during the rainy season in both sites and increased during the salinity peak (dry-rainy transition period) for the upper estuary's organisms. In this organ, the lowest levels of LPO occurred during the dry season for both points. There was an induction of ACAP in muscle during the rainy-dry transition period compared to the dry and dry-rainy transition periods for the lower estuary's organisms, and there were no differences for GST suggesting low tissue sensitivity. There was an increase in LPO during the rainy season compared to the rainy-dry transition period for the lower estuaries animals. Biomarkers in gills suggest a metabolic challenge to the rainy season and stability during the dry season. The species shows high viability of use in biomonitoring programs. However, these seasonality-induced alterations in biomarkers responses must be taken into account to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carolina Miranda Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Johnata Azevedo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Matoo OB, Lannig G, Bock C, Sokolova IM. Temperature but not ocean acidification affects energy metabolism and enzyme activities in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3366-3379. [PMID: 33841790 PMCID: PMC8019023 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In mosaic marine habitats, such as intertidal zones, ocean acidification (OA) is exacerbated by high variability of pH, temperature, and biological CO2 production. The nonlinear interactions among these drivers can be context-specific and their effect on organisms in these habitats remains largely unknown, warranting further investigation.We were particularly interested in Mytilus edulis (the blue mussel) from intertidal zones of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), USA, for this study. GOM is a hot spot of global climate change (average sea surface temperature (SST) increasing by >0.2°C/year) with >60% decline in mussel population over the past 40 years.Here, we utilize bioenergetic underpinnings to identify limits of stress tolerance in M. edulis from GOM exposed to warming and OA. We have measured whole-organism oxygen consumption rates and metabolic biomarkers in mussels exposed to control and elevated temperatures (10 vs. 15°C, respectively) and current and moderately elevated P CO2 levels (~400 vs. 800 µatm, respectively).Our study demonstrates that adult M. edulis from GOM are metabolically resilient to the moderate OA scenario but responsive to warming as seen in changes in metabolic rate, energy reserves (total lipids), metabolite profiles (glucose and osmolyte dimethyl amine), and enzyme activities (carbonic anhydrase and calcium ATPase).Our results are in agreement with recent literature that OA scenarios for the next 100-300 years do not affect this species, possibly as a consequence of maintaining its in vivo acid-base balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omera B. Matoo
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchAlfred Wegener InstituteBremerhavenGermany
| | - Christian Bock
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchAlfred Wegener InstituteBremerhavenGermany
| | - Inna M. Sokolova
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
- Department of Marine BiologyInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversität RostockRostockGermany
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Sokolova I. Bioenergetics in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance of aquatic ectotherms: linking physiology and ecology in a multi-stressor landscape. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb236802. [PMID: 33627464 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism (encompassing energy assimilation, conversion and utilization) plays a central role in all life processes and serves as a link between the organismal physiology, behavior and ecology. Metabolic rates define the physiological and life-history performance of an organism, have direct implications for Darwinian fitness, and affect ecologically relevant traits such as the trophic relationships, productivity and ecosystem engineering functions. Natural environmental variability and anthropogenic changes expose aquatic ectotherms to multiple stressors that can strongly affect their energy metabolism and thereby modify the energy fluxes within an organism and in the ecosystem. This Review focuses on the role of bioenergetic disturbances and metabolic adjustments in responses to multiple stressors (especially the general cellular stress response), provides examples of the effects of multiple stressors on energy intake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, and discusses the conceptual and quantitative approaches to identify and mechanistically explain the energy trade-offs in multiple stressor scenarios, and link the cellular and organismal bioenergetics with fitness, productivity and/or ecological functions of aquatic ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sokolova
- Marine Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany .,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Marshall DJ, Taha H, Brahim A, Abdelhady AA. Supratidal existence drives phenotypic divergence, but not speciation, in tropical rocky-shore snails. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the evolutionary adaptation of animals that transcend the ecological barrier separating the intertidal and supratidal zones of rocky shores are poorly understood. Different wetting frequencies in these zones in tropical regions (daily vs. seasonally, respectively) impose different physical stressors, which should drive phenotypic variation and ultimately speciation in the animals that inhabit them. We studied morphological, physiological and genetic variation in a tropical high-shore gastropod that transcends these zones [Echinolittorina malaccana (Philippi, 1847)]. Variation in melanization, shell features and evaporative water loss was linked to regular seawater wetting, frequent activity and feeding, and solar exposure in intertidal snails, and to inactivity and prolonged aestivation in the shade during continuous air exposure in supratidal snails. Despite selective pressure for phenotypic divergence, and reproductive isolation of the populations in either zone, their mitochondrial COI gene sequences confirmed that they represent a single species. Speciation in our study case is probably constrained by the limitation on activity, mating and reproduction of supratidal snails, such that their populations can only be sustained through intertidal pelagic larval recruitment. Comparisons with other studies suggest that supratidal speciation and specialization for life in this zone probably require moderation of the abiotic (desiccative) conditions, to facilitate greater activity and interaction of animals during air exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marshall
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Amalina Brahim
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
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