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Liu Y, Wang X, Li G, Chen S, Jia H, Dai J, He D. Investigating the Impact of Fasting and Refeeding on Blood Biochemical Indicators and Transcriptional Profiles in the Hypothalamus and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Geese. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2746. [PMID: 39335335 PMCID: PMC11428393 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting and refeeding systems can cause significant short-term fluctuations in nutrient and energy levels, triggering adaptive physiological responses in animals. This study examines the effects of fasting and refeeding on blood biochemical indicators and transcriptional profiles in the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue of geese. Biochemical assays reveal that fasting significantly increases levels of free fatty acids and glucagon, while reducing concentrations of triglycerides, leptin, and insulin. Transcriptomic analyses identify a complex transcriptional response in both the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue, affecting several metabolic pathways and key genes associated with feed intake and energy metabolism. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, fasting downregulates genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (LPL, SCD, and ACSL1) and upregulates PLIN2, a gene promoting lipid droplet degradation. Fasting affects a variety of metabolic pathways and critical genes in the hypothalamus, including Apelin, insulin, and mTOR signaling pathways. After fasting, the mRNA expression of NOG, GABRD, and IGFBP-1 genes in the hypothalamus are significantly upregulated, while proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is markedly downregulated. This study highlights the intricate biological responses to nutritional changes in geese, which adds to our understanding of energy balance and metabolic regulation in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shufang Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Huiyan Jia
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Jiuli Dai
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315101, China
| | - Daqian He
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
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Goo D, Singh AK, Choi J, Sharma MK, Paneru D, Lee J, Katha HR, Zhuang H, Kong B, Bowker B, Kim WK. Different dietary branched-chain amino acid ratios, crude protein levels, and protein sources can affect the growth performance and meat yield in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104313. [PMID: 39357235 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Balanced ratios of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can enhance chicken growth, immunity, and muscle synthesis. However, these ratios can be affected by changes in crude protein (CP) levels or the substitution of protein sources, leading to BCAA antagonism. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on chicken growth. In Experiment 1, a total of 960 0-d-old male Cobb 500 broilers were divided into 6 treatments with 8 replicates. Three different BCAA ratios were used in High or Low CP diets as follows: 1) Low Leu group (Low level of leucine with increased valine and isoleucine levels), 2) Med Leu group, and 3) High Leu group (High level of leucine with reduced valine and isoleucine levels) for a total of 6 diets. In Experiment 2, a total of 640 0-d-old male Cobb 500 broilers were divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicates. The four diets had either High or Low CP and one of two protein sources with the same medium levels of BCAAs: 1) the soybean meal (SBM) group, which had SBM as the main protein source (protein bound AA), and 2) the wheat middlings with non-bound AAs (WM+AA) group (non-bound AA), which had additional non-bound AAs to replace SBM. The High Leu diet had a negative effect on overall growth performance, carcass weight, breast muscle weight, and body mineral composition compared to the Low Leu and Med Leu groups, particularly in the High CP diet (P < 0.05). The SBM group showed increased growth performance, breast muscle weight, expression levels of genes promoting muscle growth, and improved bone mineral composition compared to the WM+AA group, and the High CP group intensified the negative effect of the WM+AA diet (P < 0.05). In summary, balanced BCAA ratios and SBM-based diets have positive effects on chicken growth and muscle accretion, whereas excessive leucine and non-bound AA levels in the diets may negatively affect growth performance and meat yield in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Goo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amit K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janghan Choi
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Milan K Sharma
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hemanth R Katha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hong Zhuang
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian Bowker
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Volyanskaya AR, Akberdin IR, Kulyashov MA, Yevshin IS, Romanov MN, Shagimardanova EI, Gusev OA, Kolpakov FA. A bird's-eye overview of molecular mechanisms regulating feed intake in chickens-with mammalian comparisons. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:61-74. [PMID: 38737579 PMCID: PMC11087724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior. However, up to now, the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood. The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens, focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals. This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuropeptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency. Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neuropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia R. Volyanskaya
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Kulyashov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Yevshin
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement By Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
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Li H, Zeng Y, Wang G, Zhang K, Gong W, Li Z, Tian J, Xia Y, Xie W, Xie J, Xie S, Yu E. Betaine improves appetite regulation and glucose-lipid metabolism in mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi) fed a high-carbohydrate-diet by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28423. [PMID: 38623237 PMCID: PMC11016588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets with high carbohydrate (HC) was reported to have influence on appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish. To illustrate whether betaine could improve appetite and glucose-lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) were fed with the HC diets with or without betaine for 8 weeks. The results suggested that betaine enhanced feed intake by regulating the hypothalamic appetite genes. The HC diet-induced downregulation of AMPK and appetite genes was also positively correlated with the decreased autophagy genes, suggesting a possible mechanism that AMPK/mTOR signaling might regulate appetite through autophagy. The HC diet remarkably elevated transcriptional levels of genes related to lipogenesis, while betaine alleviated the HC-induced hepatic lipid deposition. Additionally, betaine supplementation tended to store the energy storage as hepatic glycogen. Our findings proposed the possible mechanism for appetite regulation through autophagy via AMPK/mTOR, and demonstrated the feasibility of betaine as an aquafeed additive to regulate appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.), Fuqing, 350308, China
| | - Yanzhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Uyanga VA, Bello SF, Qian X, Chao N, Li H, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Transcriptomics analysis unveils key potential genes associated with brain development and feeding behavior in the hypothalamus of L-citrulline-fed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103136. [PMID: 37844531 PMCID: PMC10585647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperature is a major environmental stressor affecting poultry production, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nutritional interventions have been adopted to combat thermal stress in poultry, including the use of amino acids. L-citrulline is a nonessential amino acid that is involved in nitric oxide generation and thermoregulation, however, the molecular mechanisms behind L-citrulline's regulation of body temperature are still unascertained. This study investigated the global gene expression in the hypothalamus of chickens fed either basal diet or L-citrulline-supplemented diets under different housing temperatures. Ross 308 broilers were fed with basal diet (CON) or 1% L-citrulline diet (LCT) from day-old, and later subjected to 2 environmental temperatures in a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement as follows; basal diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (CON-TN); L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (LCT-TN); basal diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (CON-HS), and L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (LCT-HS) from 22 to 42 d of age. At 42-days old, hypothalamic tissues were collected for mRNA analyses and RNA sequencing. A total of 1,019 million raw reads were generated and about 82.59 to 82.96% were uniquely mapped to genes. The gene ontology (GO) term between the CON-TN and LCT-TN groups revealed significant enrichments of pathways such as central nervous system development, and Wnt signaling pathway. On the other hand, GO terms between the CON-HS and LCT-HS groups revealed enrichments in the regulation of corticosteroid release, regulation of feeding behavior, and regulation of inflammatory response. Several potential candidate genes were identified to be responsible for central nervous system development (EMX2, WFIKKN2, SLC6A4 Wnt10a, and PHOX2B), and regulation of feed intake (NPY, AgRP, GAL, POMC, and NMU) in chickens. Therefore, this study unveils that L-citrulline can influence transcripts associated with brain development, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and thermoregulation in chickens raised under different ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Ning Chao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Li W, Wang X, Zhang X, Li F, Zhang D, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Xu D, Cheng J, Wang J, Zhou B, Lin C, Wang W. Polymorphism of sheep PRKAA2 gene and its association with growth traits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1324-1330. [PMID: 34971343 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2021215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminants farming plays an important role in the livelihood of a large part of the population. Herein we aimed to analyze the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PRKAA2 gene on the growth-related traits of Hu sheep and Dorper sheep. The body weight and body type of 1254 sheep were measured at 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180d, and 37620 phenotypic data were collected. RT-qPCR analysis was performed to test PRKAA2 gene expressed in different tissues of sheep, with the highest expression level in spleen, followed by kidney. In the present study, the PRKAA2 gene sequencing revealed one polymorphism located on Chr1 (Oar_rambouillet_v1.0), termed as chr1:32832382 G > A, and were significantly associated with growth traits of sheep (p < 0.05). The body weight, body length, chest circumference, and cannon circumference of individuals with AA genotype were significantly higher than those with the GG and GA genotypes (p < 0.05). Our findings reveal that PRKAA2 gene could be used as a marker-assisted selection to improve the growth-related traits of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bubo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y, Xu Z, Wu C, Liu P, Hu G, Li G, Chen W, Gao X, Guo X. Effects of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Serum Indices and Hypothalamic AMPK-Related Gene Expression Under Chronic Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936250. [PMID: 35782541 PMCID: PMC9242840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of young laying hens and whether N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) can effectively alleviate heat stress. 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (fed on basal diet under thermal neutral condition), HS group (fed on basal diet under heat stress condition), CN group (fed on the basic meal supplemented with 1,000 mg NAC per kg under thermal neutral condition), and HS+N group (fed on the basic meal was supplemented with 1000 mg NAC per kg under heat stress condition). The HS and HS+N groups were exposed to 36 ± 1°C for 10 h/day. The effects of NAC on the changes of serum concentrations of T3, T4, and CORT and hypothalamic gene and protein expressions induced by heat stress were measured. Results showed that heat stress upregulated the contents of T3, T4, and CORT, while NAC reduced the contents of T3, T4, and CORT. In addition, NAC downregulated AgRP expression, while upregulated the expression of POMC. Moreover, the expressions of AMPKα1, LKB1, and CPT1 were inhibited by NAC, while the expressions of AKT1, ACC, GPAT, and PPARα were increased after NAC treatment, and HMGR did not change significantly. Western blot and comprehensive immunofluorescence section of AMPK in the hypothalamus showed that NAC attenuated the activity of AMPK. In conclusion, NAC can enhance the resistance of laying hens to heat stress by alleviating the metabolic disorders of serum T3, T4, and CORT induced by heat stress, inhibiting the activation of the AMPK pathway and regulating the expression of appetite-related genes in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaona Gao
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Xiaoquan Guo
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