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Guo Q, Liu W, Zhao L, Sui Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Mu C, Wang X. Fermented bile acids improved growth performance and intestinal health by altering metabolic profiles and intestinal microbiome in Micropterus salmoides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109593. [PMID: 38697374 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A type of fermented bile acids (FBAs) has been produced through a biological method, and its effects on growth performance, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass were investigated. The results demonstrated that incorporating 0.03 %-0.05 % FBAs diet could improve the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, and decrease the feed conversion ratio. Dietary FBAs did not significantly affect the levels of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, but decreased the activities of α-amylase in most groups. Adding FBAs to the diet significantly increased the integrity of the microscopic structure of the intestine, thickened the muscular layer of the intestine, and notably enhanced its intestinal barrier function. The addition of FBAs to the diet increased the diversity of the gut microbiota in largemouth bass. At the phylum level, there was an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Cyanobacteria and a significant decrease in Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Mycoplasma in the GN6 group and Coprococcus in the GN4 group significantly increased, while the pathogenic Enhydrobacter was inhibited. Meanwhile, the highest levels of AKP and ACP were observed in the groups treated with 0.03 % FBAs, while the highest levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were detected in the group treated with 0.04 % FBAs. Additionally, the highest levels of IL-1β, IL-8T, GF-β, IGF-1, and IFN-γ were noted in the group treated with 0.06 % FBAs. These results suggested that dietary FBAs improved growth performance and intestinal wall health by altering lipid metabolic profiles and intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Huaibei, 235025, PR China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Huaibei, 235025, PR China
| | - Yiming Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Jining Leyuhui Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Houfa Zhao
- Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Huaibei, 235025, PR China
| | - Yining Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Jining Leyuhui Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Cuimin Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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Seong Wei L, Rahim MSAA, Yeu Hooi K, Khoo MI, Mohamad Nor A, Wee W. Comparative analysis of growth and health of juvenile African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) fed with different starch diets. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28224. [PMID: 38560210 PMCID: PMC10981047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of potato, wheat, rice, and corn starch on growth performance, blood parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative response, and gut microbiota of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. A control diet (a commercial fish diet) and four different starch (potato, PO; wheat, WH; corn, CO; rice, RC) formulations were fed to African catfish with average weight of 10.5g (n = 30) for eight weeks. The experiment was conducted in triplicates. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance of African catfish fed with potato starch (PO) was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Furthermore, this group recorded significant and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in all tested hematological parameters and antioxidative response between the groups. Digestive enzyme activities in the fish intestines, including amylase, lipase, and protease, were significantly higher in African catfish fed with the PO diet. In addition, this group demonstrated substantially lower viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) than other groups, indicating that the fish has more meat on its body. The PO diet group also recorded significantly higher Akkermansia muciniphila, a good gut microbiota. Therefore, the PO diet potentially improves African catfish's growth performance and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Azman Abdul Rahim
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kon Yeu Hooi
- Department of Johor State Fisheries Complex, Pendas Laut Road, 81550, Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Azra Mohamad Nor
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang, 83352, Indonesia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Zhang N, Wang X, Han Z, Gong Y, Huang X, Chen N, Li S. The preferential utilization of hepatic glycogen as energy substrates in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under short-term starvation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:785-796. [PMID: 38108936 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the underlying mechanism of the energy metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), cultured fish (initial body weight: 77.57 ± 0.75 g) in the present study were starved for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h and 192 h, respectively. The proximate composition analysis showed that short-term starvation induced a significant up-regulation in crude protein proportion in hepatic of cultured fish (P < 0.05). However, short-term starvation significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index and the viscerosomatic index of cultured fish (P < 0.05). The exact hepatic glycogen content in the group starved for 92 h presented remarkable decrease (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the weight change of lipid and protein (mg) in hepatic (y = 0.0007x2 - 0.2827x + 49.402; y = 0.0013x2 - 0.5666x + 165.31), the decreasing trend of weight in glycogen (mg) was more pronounced (y = 0.0032x2 - 1.817x + 326.52), which suggested the preferential utilization of hepatic glycogen as energy substrates under short-term starvation. Gene expression analysis revealed that the starvation down-regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and genes of TOR pathway, such as target of rapamycin (tor) and ribosomal protein S6 (s6) (P < 0.05). In addition, the starvation significantly enhanced expression of lipolysis-related genes, including hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (cpt1), but down-regulated lipogenesis as indicated by the inhibited expression of fatty acids synthase (fas), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (acc2) (P < 0.05). Starvation of 24 h up-regulated the expression of glycolysis genes, glucokinase (gk), phosphofructokinase liver type (pfkl) and pyruvate kinase (pk), and then their expression returned to the normal level. Meanwhile, the expression of gluconeogenesis genes, such as glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (g6pc), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 (fbp1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (pepck), was significantly inhibited with the short-term starvation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term starvation induced an overall decline in growth performance, but it could deplete the hepatic glycogen accumulation and mobilize glycogen for energy effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihe Zhang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
| | - Zhihao Han
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China.
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Ding FF, Li M, Wang T, Zhou NN, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Influence of dietary sodium taurocholate on the growth performance and liver health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:319-330. [PMID: 36044098 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived amphipathic molecules approved as new animal feed additives. However, the functional researches mainly focused on BAs mixture, and the influence of the individual BA on fishes was still limited. In the present study, Nile tilapia were fed basal diet with three levels of sodium taurocholate at 0 mg/kg (CON), 300 mg/kg (TCAL), and 600 mg/kg (TCAH) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that addition of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance. Instead, TCAH group had higher cholesterol accumulation with liver fibrosis. In TCAH group, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling-associated oxidative stress factors significantly increased in the liver. Additionally, fish in TCAH group had the highest expression level of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory cytokines in the liver. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance of fish, while 600 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate markedly induced cholesterol accumulation and liver injury, suggesting that the application of taurocholic acid in aquafeed should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ding
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Abdel-Latif HMR, Basuini MFE, El-Nokrashy AM, Khaled AA, Kord M, Soliman AA, Zaki M, Nour AE, Labib EMH, Khalil HS. Effects of exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth, lipid profile, digestive enzymes, and immune responses of thinlip mullet, Liza ramada. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22875. [PMID: 38129552 PMCID: PMC10739904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An eight-week trial was designed to explore the dietary effects of commercially purchased exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth, whole-body composition, lipid profile, intestinal digestive enzymes, liver function enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and serum immunity of thinlip mullet, Liza ramada. Four triplicate groups (10.50 ± 0.05 g) were fed four soybean meal (SBM)-based diets supplied with several BAs levels at 0 (control), 50, 130, or 350 mg/kg feed. Results indicated that the growth was significantly increased in groups fed BAs-based diets, especially at 130 mg/kg feed. The body composition analysis showed that feeding fish on diets supplied with BAs up to 130 mg/kg decreased moisture (%) alongside increased crude protein (%). However, the body composition of fish fed a diet with 350 mg BAs/kg had the lowest moisture (%) and the highest crude protein (%). Moreover, there were significant increases in the intestinal (protease, α-amylase, and lipase) enzyme activities in the groups supplied with BAs up to 130 mg BAs/kg. Liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activities) were significantly decreased in BAs-supplemented groups compared to those fed the BAs-free group. On the other hand, the control group had higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein alongside the lower high-density lipoprotein than BAs-supplemented groups, especially at 350 mg BAs/kg feed. BAs significantly decreased hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations and increased the activity of hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity compared with those reared on the control diet. Serum lysozyme, respiratory burst, and alternative complement activities were significantly increased in BAs-supplied groups, particularly in the group supplied with 130 mg BAs/kg compared to those fed on the control diet. Accordingly, our findings recommend that including 130 mg BAs/kg in an SBM-based diet enhanced the growth, digestive enzyme activities, and liver functions, alleviated oxidative stress, boosted serum immunity, and lowered lipid metabolites in thinlip mullet. These findings will be beneficial for improving the quality of feed prepared for feeding mullets and an effective alternative strategy to support mullet farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed F El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, 46618, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Nokrashy
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kord
- Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zaki
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elaziz Nour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M H Labib
- Utilization of By-Products Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Saber Khalil
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt.
- College of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Adam AH, Verdegem M, Soliman AA, Zaki M, Khalil RH, Nour AEM, Khaled AA, El Basuini MF, Khalil HS. Effect of dietary bile acids: Growth performance, immune response, genes expression of fatty acid metabolism, intestinal, and liver morphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2023; 29:101510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122415. [PMID: 36552623 PMCID: PMC9774277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing olive by-products and green tea extracts supplemented to a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control high fishmeal (40%) and low soybean meal (15.57%) diet (named HFM), (2) a reduced fishmeal (30%) and high soybean meal (30.97%) diet (named HSB), and (3) a HSB diet supplemented with the PFA at 500 mg/kg (named HSB+P). Each diet was assigned to four replicate tanks, each containing 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 48.33 ± 0.01 g). The results showed that increasing the soybean meal content in the diet did not negatively affect growth performance, whereas supplementation with PFA significantly increased weight gain and specific growth rate of largemouth bass compared to both HFM and HSB groups. Reducing fishmeal and increasing soybean meal in the diet caused oxidative stress with a higher content of ROS in the liver. However, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was enhanced, with reduced ROS and increased GSH-Px levels in the HSB+P group. Moreover, the decrease of plasma TG, LDL-C, and LDL-C/TC, and downregulation of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis gene expression in liver, indicated that supplementation with the PFA improved fish lipid metabolism. Protein retention efficiency was also significantly increased in largemouth bass fed the diet with PFA supplementation, which regulated (enhanced) AKT-mTOR phosphorylation. These results clearly indicated that a PFA containing olive by-product and green tea extracts can positively improve growth performance, protein retention efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass fed a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet.
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