1
|
Hay FR, Rezaei S, Buitink J. Seed Moisture Isotherms, Sorption Models, and Longevity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:891913. [PMID: 35720538 PMCID: PMC9201756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed moisture sorption isotherms show the equilibrium relationship between water content and equilibrium relative humidity (eRH) when seeds are either losing water from a hydrated state (desorption isotherm) or gaining water from a dry state (adsorption isotherm). They have been used in food science to predict the stability of different products and to optimize drying and/or processing. Isotherms have also been applied to understand the physiological processes occurring in viable seeds and how sorption properties differ in relation to, for example, developmental maturity, degree of desiccation tolerance, or dormancy status. In this review, we describe how sorption isotherms can help us understand how the longevity of viable seeds depends upon how they are dried and the conditions under which they are stored. We describe different ways in which isotherms can be determined, how the data are modeled using various theoretical and non-theoretical equations, and how they can be interpreted in relation to storage stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R. Hay
- Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Shabnam Rezaei
- Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Julia Buitink
- Université d'Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muñoz I, de Sousa DAB, Guardia MD, Rodriguez CJ, Nunes ML, Oliveira H, Cunha SC, Casal S, Marques A, Cabado AG. Comparison of Different Technologies (Conventional Thermal Processing, Radiofrequency Heating and High-Pressure Processing) in Combination with Thermal Solar Energy for High Quality and Sustainable Fish Soup Pasteurization. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
3
|
Rinberg A, Bergman AM, Schrag DP, Aziz MJ. Alkalinity Concentration Swing for Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4439-4453. [PMID: 34288495 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alkalinity concentration swing (ACS) is a new process for direct air capture of carbon dioxide driven by concentrating an alkaline solution that has been exposed to the atmosphere and loaded with dissolved inorganic carbon. Upon concentration, the partial pressure of CO2 increases, allowing for extraction and compression. Higher concentration factors result in proportionally higher outgassing pressure, and higher initial alkalinity concentrations at the same concentration factor outgas a higher concentration of CO2 . Two desalination technologies, reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization, are examined as possible ACS implementations, and two corresponding energy models are evaluated. The ACS is compared to incumbent technologies and estimates for water, land, and energy requirements for capturing one million tonnes of CO2 per year are made. Estimates for the lower end of the energy range for both approaches compare favorably to other approaches, such as solid sorbent and calcining methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Rinberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew M Bergman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Daniel P Schrag
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
- Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Michael J Aziz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas B, Ohde D, Matthes S, Engelmann C, Bubenheim P, Terasaka K, Schlüter M, Liese A. Comparative investigation of fine bubble and macrobubble aeration on gas utility and biotransformation productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:130-141. [PMID: 32886350 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sufficient provision of oxygen is mandatory for enzymatic oxidations in aqueous solution, however, in process optimization this still is a bottleneck that cannot be overcome with the established methods of macrobubble aeration. Providing higher mass transfer performance through microbubble aerators, inefficient aeration can be overcome or improved. Investigating the mass transport performance in a model protein solution, the microbubble aeration results in higher kL a values related to the applied airstream in comparison with macrobubble aeration. Comparing the aerators at identical kL a of 160 and 60 1/h, the microbubble aeration is resulting in 25 and 44 times enhanced gas utility compared with aeration with macrobubbles. To prove the feasibility of microbubbles in biocatalysis, the productivity of a glucose oxidase catalyzed biotransformation is compared with macrobubble aeration as well as the gas-saving potential. In contrast to the expectation that the same productivities are achieved at identically applied kL a, microbubble aeration increased the gluconic acid productivity by 32% and resulted in 41.6 times higher oxygen utilization. The observed advantages of microbubble aeration are based on the large volume-specific interfacial area combined with a prolonged residence time, which results in a high mass transfer performance, less enzyme deactivation by foam formation, and reduced gas consumption. This makes microbubble aerators favorable for application in biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thomas
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ohde
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Matthes
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Multiphase Flows, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Engelmann
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Bubenheim
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koichi Terasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Schlüter
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Multiphase Flows, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sterr J, Fleckenstein BS, Langowski HC. The Theory of Decompression Failure in Polymers During the High-Pressure Processing of Food. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-017-9171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Patankar NA. Thermodynamics of Trapping Gases for Underwater Superhydrophobicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7023-7028. [PMID: 27276525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rough surfaces submerged in a liquid can remain almost dry if the liquid does not fully wet the roughness, and gases are sustained in roughness grooves. Such partially dry surfaces can help reduce drag, enhance boiling, and reduce biofouling. Gases sustained in roughness grooves would be composed of air and the vapor phase of the liquid itself. In this work, the thermodynamics of sustaining gases (e.g., air) is considered. Governing equations are presented along with a solution methodology to determine a critical condition to sustain gases. The critical roughness scale to sustain gases is estimated for different degrees of saturation of gases dissolved in the liquid. It is shown that roughness spacings of less than a micron are essential to sustain gases on surfaces submerged in water at atmospheric pressure. This is consistent with prior empirical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh A Patankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemaire B, Mignolet E, Debier C, Calderon PB, Thomé JP, Rees JF. High hydrostatic pressure influences the in vitro response to xenobiotics in Dicentrarchus labrax liver. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:43-52. [PMID: 26836508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) increases by about 1 atmosphere (0.1MPa) for each ten-meter depth increase in the water column. This thermodynamical parameter could well influence the response to and effects of xenobiotics in the deep-sea biota, but this possibility remains largely overlooked. To grasp the extent of HP adaptation in deep-sea fish, comparative studies with living cells of surface species exposed to chemicals at high HP are required. We initially conducted experiments with precision-cut liver slices of a deep-sea fish (Coryphaenoides rupestris), co-exposed for 15h to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 3-methylcholanthrene at HP levels representative of the surface (0.1MPa) and deep-sea (5-15MPa; i.e., 500-1500m depth) environments. The transcript levels of a suite of stress-responsive genes, such as the AhR battery CYP1A, were subsequently measured (Lemaire et al., 2012; Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 10310-10316). Strikingly, the AhR agonist-mediated increase of CYP1A mRNA content was pressure-dependently reduced in C. rupestris. Here, the same co-exposure scenario was applied for 6 or 15h to liver slices of a surface fish, Dicentrarchus labrax, a coastal species presumably not adapted to high HP. Precision-cut liver slices of D. labrax were also used in 1h co-exposure studies with the pro-oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) as to investigate the pressure-dependence of the oxidative stress response (i.e., reactive oxygen production, glutathione and lipid peroxidation status). Liver cells remained viable in all experiments (adenosine triphosphate content). High HP precluded the AhR agonist-mediated increase of CYP1A mRNA expression in D. labrax, as well as that of glutathione peroxidase, and significantly reduced that of heat shock protein 70. High HP (1h) also tended per se to increase the level of oxidative stress in liver cells of the surface fish. Trends to an increased resistance to tBHP were also noted. Whether the latter observation truly reflects a protective response to oxidative stress will be addressed in future co-exposure studies with both surface and deep-sea fish liver cells, using additional pro-oxidant chemicals. Altogether, data on CYP1A inducibility with D. labrax and C. rupestris support the view that high HP represses AhR signaling in marine fishes, and that only species adapted to thrive in the deep-sea have evolved the molecular adaptations necessary to counteract to some extent this inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lemaire
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Jean Pierre Thomé
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 août 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean François Rees
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma F, Bell AE, Davis FJ. Effects of high-hydrostatic pressure and pH treatments on the emulsification properties of gum arabic. Food Chem 2015; 184:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Rough surfaces immersed under water remain practically dry if the liquid-solid contact is on roughness peaks, while the roughness valleys are filled with gas. Mechanisms that prevent water from invading the valleys are well studied. However, to remain practically dry under water, additional mechanisms need consideration. This is because trapped gas (e.g. air) in the roughness valleys can dissolve into the water pool, leading to invasion. Additionally, water vapor can also occupy the roughness valleys of immersed surfaces. If water vapor condenses, that too leads to invasion. These effects have not been investigated, and are critically important to maintain surfaces dry under water. In this work, we identify the critical roughness scale, below which it is possible to sustain the vapor phase of water and/or trapped gases in roughness valleys – thus keeping the immersed surface dry. Theoretical predictions are consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and experiments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Anti-oxidative responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) gill, liver and brain tissues upon acute cold shock. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 187:202-13. [PMID: 26025641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study seeks to detect oxidative damage and to compare anti-oxidative responses among liver, gills and brain of adult zebrafish that were cooled from 28 °C (control) to 12 °C (treatment) for 0-24 h. The lipid peroxidation of liver, gill and brain tissues significantly increased at 1h after transfer, but reactive oxygen species in the treatment group increased significantly after 24 h as compared to the control. The fish were found to develop a cascading anti-oxidative mechanism beginning with an increase in Cu/Zn-SOD levels, followed by increased CAT and GPx mRNA expressions in the three tissue types. Both smtB and mt2 mRNAs increased in the hepatic and brain tissues following 1h of cold stress, but only smtB exhibited a significant increase in the gills at 1 h and 6 h after transfer to 12 °C. Furthermore, cellular apoptosis in the brain was not evident after cold shock, but liver and gills showed cellular apoptosis at 1-3 h, with another peak in the liver at 6 h after cold shock. The results suggest that the cold shock induced oxidative stress, and the enzymatic (SOD, GPx and CAT) and non-enzymatic (mt-2 and smt-B) mRNA expressions all play a role in the resulting anti-oxidation within 1-6 h of cold shock. A functional comparison showed that the brain had the most powerful antioxidant defense system of the three tissue types since it had the highest smtB mRNA expression and a lower level of cell apoptosis than the liver and gills after exposure to cold stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Welker AF, Moreira DC, Campos ÉG, Hermes-Lima M. Role of redox metabolism for adaptation of aquatic animals to drastic changes in oxygen availability. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:384-404. [PMID: 23587877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large changes in oxygen availability in aquatic environments, ranging from anoxia through to hyperoxia, can lead to corresponding wide variation in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by animals with aquatic respiration. Therefore, animals living in marine, estuarine and freshwater environments have developed efficient antioxidant defenses to minimize oxidative stress and to regulate the cellular actions of ROS. Changes in oxygen levels may lead to bursts of ROS generation that can be particularly harmful. This situation is commonly experienced by aquatic animals during abrupt transitions from periods of hypoxia/anoxia back to oxygenated conditions (e.g. intertidal cycles). The strategies developed differ significantly among aquatic species and are (i) improvement of their endogenous antioxidant system under hyperoxia (that leads to increased ROS formation) or other similar ROS-related stresses, (ii) increase in antioxidant levels when displaying higher metabolic rates, (iii) presence of constitutively high levels of antioxidants, that attenuates oxidative stress derived from fluctuations in oxygen availability, or (iv) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (and/or the levels of their mRNAs) during hypometabolic states associated with anoxia/hypoxia. This enhancement of the antioxidant system - coined over a decade ago as "preparation for oxidative stress" - controls the possible harmful effects of increased ROS formation during hypoxia/reoxygenation. The present article proposes a novel explanation for the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon that could be triggered by hypoxia-induced ROS formation. We also discuss the connections among oxygen sensing, oxidative damage and regulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense apparatus in animals adapted to many natural or man-made challenges of the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis F Welker
- Laboratório de Radicais Livres, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900 DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemaire B, Debier C, Calderon PB, Thomé JP, Stegeman J, Mork J, Rees JF. Precision-cut liver slices to investigate responsiveness of deep-sea fish to contaminants at high pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10310-10316. [PMID: 22900608 DOI: 10.1021/es301850e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While deep-sea fish accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the toxicity associated with this contamination remains unknown. Indeed, the recurrent collection of moribund individuals precludes experimental studies to investigate POP effects in this fauna. We show that precision-cut liver slices (PCLS), an in vitro tool commonly used in human and rodent toxicology, can overcome such limitation. This technology was applied to individuals of the deep-sea grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris directly upon retrieval from 530-m depth in Trondheimsfjord (Norway). PCLS remained viable and functional for 15 h when maintained in an appropriate culture media at 4 °C. This allowed experimental exposure of liver slices to the model POP 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC; 25 μM) at levels of hydrostatic pressure mimicking shallow (0.1 megapascal or MPa) and deep-sea (5-15 MPa; representative of 500-1500 m depth) environments. As in shallow water fish, 3-MC induced the transcription of the detoxification enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A; a biomarker of exposure to POPs). This induction was diminished at elevated pressure, suggesting a limited responsiveness of C. rupestris toward POPs in its native environment. This very first in vitro toxicological investigation on a deep-sea fish opens the route for understanding pollutants effects in this highly exposed fauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lemaire
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee J, Yong K. Surface chemistry controlled superhydrophobic stability of W18O49 nanowire arrays submerged underwater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Poetes R, Holtzmann K, Franze K, Steiner U. Metastable underwater superhydrophobicity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:166104. [PMID: 21230986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.166104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity is generally considered to be a thermodynamically stable wetting state. The stability of the plastron (the thin air film separating the substrate from the water in the superhydrophobic state) was studied in underwater experiments. The plastron exhibited a rapid decay after a well defined onset time, which was found to be dependent on the immersion depth. The plastron decay is explained in terms of a model, which is based on confocal microscopy measurements. The limited underwater plastron stability explains the rarity of permanently submerged superhydrophobic surfaces in nature and limits their scope for commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Poetes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Espinasse V, Perrier-Cornet JM, Marecat A, Gervais P. High gas pressure effects on yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:729-38. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Espinasse V, Perrier-Cornet JM, Marecat A, Gervais P. High-pressure inactivation of dried microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 99:180-8. [PMID: 17573691 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dried microorganisms are particularly resistant to high hydrostatic pressure effects. In this study, the survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied under pressure applied in different ways. Original processes and devices were purposely developed in our laboratory for long-term pressurization. Dried and wet yeast powders were submitted to high-pressure treatments (100-150 MPa for 24-144 h at 25 degrees C) through liquid media or inert gas. These powders were also pressurized after being vacuum-packed. In the case of wet yeasts, the pressurization procedure had little influence on the inactivation rate. In this case, inactivations were mainly due to hydrostatic pressure effects. Conversely, in the case of dried yeasts, inactivation was highly dependent on the treatment scheme. No mortality was observed when dried cells were pressurized in a non-aqueous liquid medium, but when nitrogen gas was used as the pressure-transmitting fluid, the inactivation rate was found to be between 1.5 and 2 log for the same pressure level and holding time. Several hypotheses were formulated to explain this phenomenon: the thermal effects induced by the pressure variations, the drying resulting from the gas pressure release and the sorption and desorption of the gas in cells. The highest inactivation rates were obtained with vacuum-packed dried yeasts. In this case, cell death occurred during the pressurization step and was induced by shear forces. Our results show that the mechanisms at the origin of cell death under pressure are strongly dependent on the nature of the pressure-transmitting medium and the hydration of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Espinasse
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires, ENSBANA, 1, Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|