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Ermolenko EV, Sikorskaya TV, Grigorchuk VP. The Phospholipid Molecular Species Profile of Apostichopus japonicus Tissues Modifies through Exposure to n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Deficient Diet. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090578. [PMID: 36135767 PMCID: PMC9503100 DOI: 10.3390/md20090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, being a target species of commercial fisheries and aquaculture, is also used as a source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential. By the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed the major structural phospholipids (PL)—glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoserines (PS), and glycerophosphoinositols (PI)—in tissues of wild and cultured sea cucumbers. The intestines of the wild and cultured animals differed from the other tissues by an elevated content of molecular species of PE, PC, and PS with 22:6n-3 fatty acid. The respiratory trees of the studied animals contained a high level of odd-chain PI and PI with 20:4n-6. The exposure to n-3 PUFA-deficient diet resulted in substantial changes in the molecular species profile of PL of the wild and cultured animals. The cultured sea cucumbers showed a significant decrease in the 20:5n-3 content in all four studied PL classes. A replacement of 20:5n-3 by 20:4n-6 occurred in PE, PC, and PI. The decrease in the level of molecular species of PS with 20:5n-3 was compensated by an increase in the level of monounsaturated long-chain PS. The diet of cultured sea cucumbers is a crucial factor for enhancing the nutritional properties of the product obtained from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatyana V. Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeria P. Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr-t 100-let Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Yuan D, Zou Q, Yu T, Song C, Huang S, Chen S, Ren Z, Xu A. Ancestral genetic complexity of arachidonic acid metabolism in Metazoa. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1272-84. [PMID: 24801744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play an important role in inducing complex and crucial physiological processes in animals. Eicosanoid biosynthesis in animals is widely reported; however, eicosanoid production in invertebrate tissue is remarkably different to vertebrates and in certain respects remains elusive. We, for the first time, compared the orthologs involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in 14 species of invertebrates and 3 species of vertebrates. Based on parsimony, a complex AA-metabolic system may have existed in the common ancestor of the Metazoa, and then expanded and diversified through invertebrate lineages. A primary vertebrate-like AA-metabolic system via cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathways was further identified in the basal chordate, amphioxus. The expression profiling of AA-metabolic enzymes and lipidomic analysis of eicosanoid production in the tissues of amphioxus supported our supposition. Thus, we proposed that the ancestral complexity of AA-metabolic network diversified with the different lineages of invertebrates, adapting with the diversity of body plans and ecological opportunity, and arriving at the vertebrate-like pattern in the basal chordate, amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqiong Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuikai Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Anlong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huang Dong Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Seguineau C, Racotta IS, Palacios E, Delaporte M, Moal J, Soudant P. The influence of dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid on prostaglandin production and oxidative stress in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:87-93. [PMID: 21624493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, dietary supplementation with arachidonic acid (ARA) to oysters Crassostrea gigas increased haemocyte numbers, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species level (ROS) by haemocytes (Delaporte et al., 2006). To assess if the observed stimulation of these cellular responses resulted from changes of ARA-related prostaglandin (PG) production, we analysed prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGEM) content on the same oysters fed three levels of ARA. Dietary supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could also induce an oxidative stress that could similarly increase cellular responses; therefore, two indicators of oxidative stress were analysed: peroxidation level and antioxidant defence status. Together the observed positive correlation between ARA and PGEM levels and the absence of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity changes supports the hypothesis of an immune stimulation via PG synthesis. Although ARA proportion in oyster tissues increased by up to 7-fold in response to ARA dietary supplementation, peroxidation index did not change because of a compensatory decrease in n-3 fatty acid proportion, mainly 22:6n-3. To further confirm the involvement of PG in the changes of haemocyte count, phagocytosis and ROS production upon ARA supplementation, it would be interesting to test cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase inhibitors in similar experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Seguineau
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France et UMR 100 Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Centre IFREMER de Brest, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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