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Pretterebner K, Pardo LM, Paschke K, Riveros MP. Influence of mating strategies on seminal material investment in crabs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18376. [PMID: 36319667 PMCID: PMC9626634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction involves high energetic costs which are related to behaviour and gamete production. In females energy allocation to gamete production has been well documented. However, estimations of male investment in seminal material are scarce. The present study aims to assess and compare male investment in four brachyuran species by determining biochemical substrates present in the vasa deferentia to subsequently estimate energetic investment during the reproductive cycle. We identified two groups with contrasting energy investments. Two species, Homalaspis plana and Romaleon setosum, showed high investment due to significant quantities of proteins and lipids. Both species are characterised by large and complex vasa deferentia, and the formation of a remarkably large sperm plug deposited to the female after copulation as a sperm competition avoidance strategy. In contrast, Metacarcinus edwardsii and Taliepus dentatus invested little energy in their smaller-sized and simpler vasa deferentia. Morpho-functional traits may play a key role in determining the investment, which may also be influenced by mechanisms (i.e. mating tactics) to prevent sperm competition and the intensity of polygyny. This study emphasises the high amount of energy males invest in seminal material and highlights the diversity of mating strategies in Brachyura, which are reflected even on the physiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Pretterebner
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
- Laboratorio Costero de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Laboratorio Costero de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Marcela Paz Riveros
- Programa de Magister en Didáctica de Las Ciencias Experimentales, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile
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Torres G, Anger K, Giménez L. Effects of short-term and continuous exposure to reduced salinities on the biochemical composition of larval lobster, Homarus gammarus. ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125885. [PMID: 33429190 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In coastal areas with estuarine influence, exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions may affect larval survival, development and growth. Most knowledge about effects of reduced salinity on coastal organisms is based on keeping individuals under constant conditions in the laboratory. By contrast, little is known about the effects of more realistic situations where organisms are exposed to low salinity over short time scales. Such environmental short-term fluctuations are expected to increase due to climate change. Here, we experimentally evaluated the sublethal effects of both short-term and continuous exposure to moderately reduced salinities (salinity 20 and 25; compared to seawater, salinity 32) in larvae of European lobster Homarus gammarus. Total body dry mass and biochemical composition (measured as: protein and lipid contents) were measured as response variables in Mysis stages I to III. Short-term effects of low salinity were quantified in a group of larvae kept in seawater from hatching until the time of transfer to the test salinities. After ca. 40 % of each moult cycle in seawater (determined in preliminary experiments for Mysis I, II and III), larvae were assigned to a seawater control or reduced salinities lasting for 16 h (i.e. until ca. 50 % of the time spent within the moulting cycle). Effects of continuous exposure to low salinity were quantified when larvae were exposed to the different salinities from hatching, until they reached ca. 50 % of the successive moulting stage. Surprisingly, in the Mysis II and III stages, short-term exposure to low salinity had much stronger effects on accumulation of reserves than the continuous exposure. Such effects were manifested mostly as limited accumulation, or even losses, in the lipid content as compared to reductions in the amount of protein accumulated. The most sensitive stage to exposure to low salinity was the Mysis III; by contrast in Mysis I such effects were relative weak (not always significant). Chronic exposure to low salinity also led to an increase in developmental time especially at the advanced stages. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying effects of environmental fluctuations at different time scales in order to better understand how organisms cope with realistic environmental change in the coastal zones. For H. gammarus, our results suggest that larvae respond adaptively to low salinity by maintaining protein levels at expenses of reductions in lipid accumulation and by extending the developmental time, but the capacity to elicit a fully compensatory response varies ontogenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Klaus Anger
- Kellerseestr. 38a, 23714, Bad Malente, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Helgoland, Germany; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB, UK
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Brown J, Whiteley NM, Bailey AM, Graham H, Hop H, Rastrick SPS. Contrasting responses to salinity and future ocean acidification in arctic populations of the amphipod Gammarus setosus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105176. [PMID: 33096461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to alterations in salinity and carbonate chemistry in arctic/sub-arctic marine ecosystems. We examined three nominal populations of the circumpolar arctic/subarctic amphipod, Gammarus setosus, along a salinity gradient in the Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden area of Svalbard. Field and laboratory experiments assessed physiological (haemolymph osmolality and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NKA) and energetic responses (metabolic rates, MO2, and Cellular Energy Allocation, CEA). In the field, all populations had similar osmregulatory capacities and MO2, but lower-salinity populations had lower CEA. Reduced salinity (S = 23) and elevated pCO2 (~1000 μatm) in the laboratory for one month increased gill NKA activities and reduced CEA in all populations, but increased MO2 in the higher-salinity population. Elevated pCO2 did not interact with salinity and had no effect on NKA activities or CEA, but reduced MO2 in all populations. Reduced CEA in lower-rather than higher-salinity populations may have longer term effects on other energy demanding processes (growth and reproduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Thomas Building, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK.
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd. LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Helen Graham
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Haakon Hop
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
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Torres G, Thomas DN, Whiteley NM, Wilcockson D, Giménez L. Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200492. [PMID: 32546091 PMCID: PMC7329052 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current concerns about climate change have led to intensive research attempting to understand how climate-driven stressors affect the performance of organisms, in particular the offspring of many invertebrates and fishes. Although stressors are likely to act on several stages of the life cycle, little is known about their action across life phases, for instance how multiple stressors experienced simultaneously in the maternal environment can modulate the responses to the same stressors operating in the offspring environment. Here, we study how performance of offspring of a marine invertebrate (shore crab Carcinus maenas) changes in response to two stressors (temperature and salinity) experienced during embryogenesis in brooding mothers from different seasons. On average, offspring responses were antagonistic: high temperature mitigated the negative effects of low salinity on survival. However, the magnitude of the response was modulated by the temperature and salinity conditions experienced by egg-carrying mothers. Performance also varied among cohorts, perhaps reflecting genetic variation, and/or maternal conditions prior to embryogenesis. This study contributes towards the understanding of how anthropogenic modification of the maternal environment drives offspring performance in brooders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Helgoland, Germany.,School of Ocean Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| | - David N Thomas
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Natural Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis Giménez
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Helgoland, Germany.,School of Ocean Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
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McCarthy ID, Whiteley NM, Fernandez WS, Ragagnin MN, Cornwell TO, Suckling CC, Turra A. Elevated pCO 2 does not impair performance in autotomised individuals of the intertidal predatory starfish Asterias rubens (Linnaeus, 1758). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104841. [PMID: 31757479 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ocean acidification remain less well-studied in starfish compared to other echinoderm groups. This study examined the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and arm regeneration on the performance of the intertidal predatory starfish Asterias rubens, as both are predicted to come at a cost to the individual. A two-way factorial experiment (~400 μatm vs ~1000 μatm; autotomised vs non-automised individuals) was used to examine growth rates, lipid content (pyloric caeca and gonads), and calcium content (body wall) in both intact and regenerating arms, as well as subsequent effects on rate of arm regeneration, righting time (behaviour) and mortality over 120 days. Autotomised individuals tended to show lower (not significant), survival and growth. Elevated pCO2 had no effect on mortality, body growth, arm regeneration, righting time or arm calcium content. Lipid content was higher in the pyloric caeca, but not in the gonads, in response to elevated pCO2 irrespective of autotomisation. The results of the study suggest that adult A. rubens remain unaffected by increased pCO2 and/or arm autotomy for 120 days, although longer term experiments are necessary as the results indicated that survival, growth and calcification may be impaired with longer-term exposure to elevated pCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marilia N Ragagnin
- Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Tomas O Cornwell
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Coleen C Suckling
- School of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
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Pardo LM, Zara FJ, Riveros MP, Paschke K, Pretterebner K, Mantelatto FL. Integrative depiction of the male reproductive system of the commercial purple crab Homalaspis plana (Platyxanthidae): Structure and function. J Morphol 2019; 280:1693-1705. [PMID: 31454103 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The information available on structures and function of reproductive systems are female-biased in many animal groups and crabs are not an exception. However, knowledge about the male reproductive system can help us to understand evolutionary and ecological processes such as the mating system and mating behavior. This study focuses on an integrative description of the principal regions of the male reproductive system of the purple crab, Homalaspis plana, a commercially exploited crab from the southeastern Pacific. For this description a combination of morphological observation, gravimetric records, histological and histochemical techniques and biochemical analysis were used. Also, a gross description of the seminal receptacle of the female was performed. The male reproductive system of H. plana was highly extended and complex, with a great capacity to produce and store spermatophores and secrete, at least, two kinds of seminal fluids. Sperm production, sperm packaging in spermatophores, storage of spermatophores and seminal liquid secretion were functions localized in specific regions. The vasosomatic index was the highest recorded to date in crabs, symptomatic of a high investment in reproduction. All these traits allow identification of H. plana as an internal sperm plug producer, which matches well with the highly extensible seminal receptacle of females. The great quantity of seminal material transferred to females during mating indicates that males may be able to mate only one time in the reproductive season and thus this species could be vulnerable to sperm depletion in males and sperm limitation in females if the fishery substantively reduced the abundance of males in the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Pardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando J Zara
- Invertebrate Morphology Laboratoy, CAUNESP and IEAMar, Depto of Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Science of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela P Riveros
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Katrin Pretterebner
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando L Mantelatto
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Carry-over effects modulated by salinity during the early ontogeny of the euryhaline crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus from the Southeastern Pacific coast: Development time and carbon and energy content of offspring. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 217:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Urzúa Á, Anger K. Larval biomass and chemical composition at hatching in two geographically isolated clades of the shrimpMacrobrachium amazonicum: intra- or interspecific variation? INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2011.576155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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