1
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Oliveira S, Krelling AP, Turra A. Contamination by microplastics in oysters shows a widespread but patchy occurrence in a subtropical estuarine system. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 203:116380. [PMID: 38733889 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been widely documented in marine biota, with a notable presence in bivalve species. This study examines microplastic (MP) contamination in oysters across a subtropical estuarine system, revealing widespread and highly variable levels of contamination. Our results indicate a general trend of higher contamination in areas with greater anthropogenic impact, and unexpectedly high values in remote Marine Protected Areas, suggesting alternative sources of MPs. We observed a 94.31 % frequency of occurrence and an average contamination level of 8.16 ± 6.39 MP.ind1, 1.06 ± 1.28 MP.g-1ww, and 7.54 ± 6.55 MP.g-1dw. Transparent fibers, predominantly composed of polyester and polyethylene from likely textile origins, were the most common. The findings underscore the significance of MP pollution in marine environments, even in protected zones. For enhanced spatial assessment and consistent data comparison, we recommend that future studies include MP quantities in terms of dry weight (MP.g-1dw) and biometric data such as size and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzane Oliveira
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Coastal and Oceanic Systems Postgraduate Program (PGSISCO), Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Scientific and didactic laboratories of Setor Litoral. R. Jaguariaíva, 512, 83260-000 Matinhos, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Allan Paul Krelling
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Coastal and Oceanic Systems Postgraduate Program (PGSISCO), Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Paranaguá Campus, Natural Resources Department, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues St. 453, 83215-750 Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Coastal and Oceanic Systems Postgraduate Program (PGSISCO), Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Scrich VM, Elliff C, de Andrade MM, Grilli NM, Turra A. Stakeholder Analysis as a strategic tool in framing collaborative governance arenas for marine litter monitoring. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115799. [PMID: 38101064 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and assessment of marine litter requires multi-stakeholder involvement at national and subnational levels. Collaborative governance approaches are important, but often fail without adequate effort towards identifying and engaging stakeholders with appropriate profiles for the issue at stake. Stakeholder Analysis (SA) is increasingly used to ensure efficient governance arrangements. Our hypothesis is that SA contributes to collaborative governance processes for marine litter policies. We explored a pioneer participatory process in Brazil, where SA was applied to identify, categorize, and prioritize stakeholders, and analyze their power and interest, for the Strategic Plan for Monitoring and Assessing Marine Litter in the state of São Paulo. A top-down/bottom-up approach revealed that snowball sampling complemented the stakeholder assemblage identified by the consultation of experts. Prioritization of data-related stakeholders streamlined the participatory process. The interest-power matrix evaluated stakeholders' influences, guiding specific engagement strategies. We highlight the significance of SA in collaborative governance and mobilizing key stakeholders for effective marine litter monitoring initiatives, contributing to the global agenda to combat marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória M Scrich
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil; Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil.
| | - Carla Elliff
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Mariana M de Andrade
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Grilli
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
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3
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Pombo M, Cornwell T, Turra A. Beach morphodynamics modulate the effects of multidirectional habitat loss on population density and size structure of the Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata. Mar Environ Res 2023; 190:106107. [PMID: 37540961 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches are land-sea transitional habitats experiencing 'multidirectional' habitat loss due to coastal developments (e.g. armoring and/or conversion of natural vegetation into manmade structures) and beach erosion. This 'coastal squeeze' is a chronic and progressive process; however, its impacts on beach biodiversity across morphodynamic gradients are still to be unveiled. We hypothesized that the effects of multidirectional habitat loss would be more severe on dissipative than on reflective beaches, due to the higher elevation, amount of built up sediment, and width of the backshore compartment of the latter. We, thus, examined the effects of coastal developments and erosion on density and size structure of the Atlantic ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, on beaches with different morphodynamics. Given that the living area of ghost crabs spans all cross-shore compartments and the whole dissipative-to-reflective morphodynamic gradient, they are appropriate organisms to access the synergic effects of coastal developments and beach erosion under different morphodynamic regimes. On dissipative beaches, density and mean crab size increased with moderate erosion, attributed to the effects of space loss, which might increase territorial competition, favoring the remaining larger individuals. However, mean size and density decreased with high erosion given the more intense reduction in the abundance of large-sized crabs living in up-shore habitats. Mean crab size also decreased in the presence of coastal development while crab density did not vary with loss of backshore habitats occupied by larger individuals. On reflective beaches, both density and crab size decreased with coastal development; the crab size decrease recorded under moderate erosion was more evident in the presence of coastal development. Under high erosion, mean crab sizes declined, reflecting those under low erosion conditions. Overall, populations on reflective beaches appeared more resilient to extreme erosion. Notwithstanding, coastal developments affected population structure across all beach types, and especially in areas subjected to high erosion, exhibiting a synergic effect. We predict that, in combination, these stressors may lead to functionally extinct populations where conditions necessary for individuals to reach sexual maturity (i.e. occurrence of only small-sized and immature individuals) are not met. Thus, the connectivity between water, beach compartments and dunes/coastal plain, on both local and regional scales, may be essential to maintain viable and connected populations of ghost crabs. Further, our results strongly suggest that both size and density (complemented with crab abundance) must be considered equally important and in combination in future efforts to assess anthropogenic stressors on ghost crab populations and when guiding conservation strategies and policies to prevent their local and regional extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Pombo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomas Cornwell
- St Eustatius National Parks Foundation, Oranjebaaiweg 59, St Eustatius, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Alencar MV, Gimenez BG, Sasahara C, Elliff CI, Velis CA, Rodrigues LS, Conti LA, Gonçalves-Dias SLF, Cetrulo TB, Scrich VM, Turra A. Advancing plastic pollution hotspotting at the subnational level: Brazil as a case study in the Global South. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115382. [PMID: 37572434 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sources is crucial for proposing effective actions to combat marine litter pollution. Here, we used an innovative approach to identify hotspots of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) within Brazil and subsequent leakage to the ocean, based on population density, socio-economic conditions, municipal solid waste management and environmental parameters. We estimated plastic waste generation and MPW for each of the 5570 Brazilian municipalities, which totaled 3.44 million metric tons per year. Then, we estimated the probability of litter mobilization and transport (P) and the relative risk of leakage to the ocean (MPW × P). The Guanabara Bay and La Plata River comprised the main oceanic entry hotspots of litter produced in Brazil. The use of national databases allowed us to increase spatial and temporal granularity, offering a detailed baseline for the application of prevention and mitigation actions. However, overcoming data limitations is still a challenge in Brazil as in other Global South countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Vianna Alencar
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Gabani Gimenez
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Camila Sasahara
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Isobel Elliff
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Costas A Velis
- University of Leeds, School of Civil Engineering, Woodhouse lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Letícia Stevanato Rodrigues
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Americo Conti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), 1000 Rua Arlindo Bettio, USP Leste, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Sylmara Lopes Francelino Gonçalves-Dias
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), 1000 Rua Arlindo Bettio, USP Leste, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Balieiro Cetrulo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), 1000 Rua Arlindo Bettio, USP Leste, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil; Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), 7000 Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Viamão, RS 94440-000, Brazil
| | - Vitória Milanez Scrich
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), 191 Praça do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair for Ocean Sustainability, Brazil
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5
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Laurino IRA, Lima TP, Turra A. Effects of natural and anthropogenic storm-stranded debris in upper-beach arthropods: Is wrack a prey hotspot for birds? Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159468. [PMID: 36257422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Storm-stranded debris (i.e., wrack) are important components for the functioning of beach ecosystems. With the current increase in extreme storm events, beached wrack is expected to change globally. However, little is known about how different types of wrack can affect beach biodiversity. Here, we hypothesized that natural debris (algae and land-plant debris) would optimize the short-term aggregation of benthic arthropods on the beach ecosystem, while anthropogenic debris (plastics) would not perform this function. We also expected that short-term aggregations of arthropods in the natural debris would create a transient prey hotspot (i.e., points of high prey concentration) for birds on the beach. Thus, we performed manipulative field experiments with debris addition and predator exclusion by cage on a short temporal scale (maximum 20 days). We found that natural debris aggregated higher community abundances than anthropic debris and treatments without debris, while community richness was not affected by wrack. No differences were noted when comparing the community aggregation on plastic debris and treatments without debris. The coleopterans were the group responsible for this aggregation, mainly represented by Phaleria testacea, which aggregated on natural debris with abundances five times greater than those on plastic debris. Nevertheless, we did not find any evidence of increased predation by birds on the coleopterans aggregated in the natural debris. We conclude that arthropod aggregation in the wrack is a phenomenon primarily associated with natural debris, not occurring in plastic debris, although the role of this faunal aggregation as a prey hotspot for birds was not evident in the short term. These results showed that the wrack type matters in terms of consequences for beach arthropods, creating concerns against beach cleaning methods that are adopted indiscriminately, also signaling the need for long-term studies to proceed with investigating the wrack functions for top predators on sandy beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodrigo Abrão Laurino
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tamiris Pereira Lima
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, CEP: 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Checon HH, Corte GN, Shah Esmaeili Y, Muniz P, Turra A. The efficacy of benthic indices to evaluate the ecological quality and urbanization effects on sandy beach ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159190. [PMID: 36195141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benthic indices have been widely used across different coastal ecosystems to assess ecological quality and detect anthropic impacts, but very few studies investigated their effectiveness on sandy beaches. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of 12 assemblage-based benthic indices in assessing ecological quality in beaches, across a gradient of anthropic pressure and natural variability in 90 sandy beach sites. Overall, when sandy beaches were considered collectively, benthic indices had a poor performance in identifying decreases in ecological quality with increasing urbanization. However, when each morphodynamic type was evaluated separately, a few indices, especially those that were calibrated by reference conditions (i.e., M-AMBI, BAT, and BEQI-2), showed promising results for dissipative, and to a lesser extent, intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, indices performed poorly, likely a reflection of the stronger natural disturbance these beaches are subjected to. Among functional indices, richness was found to be lower in urbanized beaches, but only in dissipative ones. Overall, our results show that benthic indices have the potential to be incorporated in sandy beach management and monitoring programs, especially for dissipative and intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, given the early stage of studies with benthic indices in beaches, more research is needed to corroborate the observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio H Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme N Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202 Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Muniz
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina (OEM), Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales (IECA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Alencar MV, Gimenez BG, Sasahara C, Elliff CI, Rodrigues LS, Conti LA, Gonçalves Dias SLF, Cetrulo TB, Scrich VM, Turra A. How far are we from robust estimates of plastic litter leakage to the environment? J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116195. [PMID: 36261976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Litter pollution is a global concern, and identifying sources and pathways is crucial for proposing preventative actions. Existing models of plastic litter leakage to the environment have provided worldwide estimates at a country-based level, but only a few initiatives address subnational scales. Adding relevant parameters and improving models is needed to reduce the limitations of global estimates. However, availability of information, which varies among countries and is critical in the Global South, may preclude such improvements. To understand the potentialities and limitations of subnational estimates of plastic litter leakage to the environment, we reviewed the parameters used in the literature and addressed data usability, considering Brazil as a case study. We gathered data on parameters identified for all 5570 Brazilian municipalities and evaluated their usability considering reliability and temporal and geographic granularity. We identified 51 parameters that are either currently used in models or could improve estimates, including parameters regarding territory, population density, socioeconomic condition, and solid waste generation, composition, collection, and final destination, selective waste collection, recycling, and hydrology. Only 29.4% of parameters were linked to data sources with good or very good usability, while most of them presented average usability (45.1%) and 7.8% were not linked to any data source. This panorama of low data usability reveals uncertainties and explicit difficulties of estimating plastic litter leakage to the environment, including mobilization from the terrestrial environment to the ocean. The Brazilian scenario reflects current data availability conditions and the difficulties of countries in the Global South to robustly understand plastic litter leakage and face land-based sources of marine litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Vianna Alencar
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 191 Praça Do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Gabani Gimenez
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 191 Praça Do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Camila Sasahara
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Isobel Elliff
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 191 Praça Do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Letícia Stevanato Rodrigues
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 1289 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Americo Conti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP). 1000 Rua Arlindo Bettio, USP Leste, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 03828-000, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Balieiro Cetrulo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP). 1000 Rua Arlindo Bettio, USP Leste, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 03828-000, Brazil; Federal Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (IFRS), 7000 Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Viamão - RS, Zip code: 94440-000, Brazil
| | - Vitória Milanez Scrich
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 191 Praça Do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP). 191 Praça Do Oceanográfico, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Zip code: 05508-120, Brazil; UNESCO Chair on Ocean Sustainability, United Kingdom
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Laurino IRA, Checon HH, Corte GN, Turra A. Does coastal armoring affect biodiversity and its functional composition on sandy beaches? Mar Environ Res 2022; 181:105760. [PMID: 36206641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches are increasingly squeezed due to the construction of backshore man-made structures (i.e., coastal armoring) and current global changes. Coastal armoring impacts beach sediment dynamics, inducing erosion and habitat loss, threatening biodiversity processes and the functional roles of sandy beach organisms. Here, we examine how the abundance, taxonomic richness, and functional richness of sandy beach fauna are affected by coastal armoring. We compared macrobenthic infaunal communities on five armored beaches (with backshore urban structures) and five vegetated beaches (not-armored). We also evaluated the abundance and biomass of upper-beach arthropods using pitfall traps, comparing armored and vegetated segments within the beaches. Infaunal richness and abundance were lower at armored beaches, mainly in the subtidal zones, because of a reduction in polychaete and molluscan abundance. There was no difference in overall functional richness between the armored and vegetated beaches. Nevertheless, we found that functional groups such as small suspension feeders were more associated with armored beaches, while large-bodied species and predators were more frequent at vegetated beaches. Pitfall traps showed that coastal armoring also reduced the abundance of the upper-beach coleopteran Phaleria testacea, leading to a loss of biomass. Therefore, our data suggest that coastal armoring can influence the functional composition of sandy beach biodiversity and significantly impact macrobenthic abundance and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R A Laurino
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP: 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hélio H Checon
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP: 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme N Corte
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP: 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP: 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Corte GN, Checon HH, Shah Esmaeili Y, Defeo O, Turra A. Evaluation of the effects of urbanization and environmental features on sandy beach macrobenthos highlights the importance of submerged zones. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:113962. [PMID: 35882073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To assess how sandy beach biodiversity is influenced by the effects of environmental features and urbanization, we sampled the macrofauna in the whole across-shore gradient of 90 beach sites in Southeast Brazil. We found that morphodynamic features were the main drivers of macrobenthos, but urbanization-related variables, such as number of beachgoers and number of constructions on the upper shore, decreased species richness and biomass. We also found that submerged zones sustained the highest number of species and biomass in the across-shore gradient, but were the most impacted by human activities. By demonstrating the ecological importance of submerged zones, our results show that beach management practices, which are mainly focused on the upper shore, are missing important components of beach biodiversity. To secure the sustainability of beach ecosystems, management initiatives should include both their social and ecological components and consider the entire Littoral Active Zone as the proper management unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme N Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202 Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Helio H Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Defeo
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kawabe LA, Ghilardi-Lopes NP, Turra A, Wyles KJ. Citizen science in marine litter research: A review. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:114011. [PMID: 35964433 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citizen science (CS) can help to tackle the emerging and worldwide problem of marine litter (ML), from collecting data to engaging different stakeholders. We reviewed what and how the scientific literature is reporting CS on ML to identify possible gaps to be improved. The 92 search results (separate occasions when 48 different CS initiatives were discussed across 85 publication records) revealed an under-representation of studies in developing regions. Most search results focused on the science of ML, whilst information regarding citizen scientists was commonly vague or missing, preventing critical analysis of good practices on this aspect. The studies concentrated on the shoreline and did not harmonize types and sizes of items collected, thus precluding data meta-analyses. The standardisation of CS methods and approaches and the detailed report of aspects related to citizen scientists are essential to support the science we need for the advances in CS efforts to face ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Kawabe
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC) - Rua Arcturus, 03, Bloco Delta, Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - N P Ghilardi-Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC) - Rua Arcturus, 03, Bloco Delta, Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil.
| | - A Turra
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP) - Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - K J Wyles
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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11
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Checon HH, Shah Esmaeili Y, Corte GN, Malinconico N, Turra A. Locally developed models improve the accuracy of remotely assessed metrics as a rapid tool to classify sandy beach morphodynamics. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13413. [PMID: 35602896 PMCID: PMC9121867 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification of beaches into morphodynamic states is a common approach in sandy beach studies, due to the influence of natural variables in ecological patterns and processes. The use of remote sensing for identifying beach type and monitoring changes has been commonly applied through multiple methods, which often involve expensive equipment and software processing of images. A previous study on the South African Coast developed a method to classify beaches using conditional tree inferences, based on beach morphological features estimated from public available satellite images, without the need for remote sensing processing, which allowed for a large-scale characterization. However, since the validation of this method has not been tested in other regions, its potential uses as a trans-scalar tool or dependence from local calibrations has not been evaluated. Here, we tested the validity of this method using a 200-km stretch of the Brazilian coast, encompassing a wide gradient of morphodynamic conditions. We also compared this locally derived model with the results that would be generated using the cut-off values established in the previous study. To this end, 87 beach sites were remotely assessed using an accessible software (i.e., Google Earth) and sampled for an in-situ environmental characterization and beach type classification. These sites were used to derive the predictive model of beach morphodynamics from the remotely assessed metrics, using conditional inference trees. An additional 77 beach sites, with a previously known morphodynamic type, were also remotely evaluated to test the model accuracy. Intertidal width and exposure degree were the only variables selected in the model to classify beach type, with an accuracy higher than 90% through different metrics of model validation. The only limitation was the inability in separating beach types in the reflective end of the morphodynamic continuum. Our results corroborated the usefulness of this method, highlighting the importance of a locally developed model, which substantially increased the accuracy. Although the use of more sophisticated remote sensing approaches should be preferred to assess coastal dynamics or detailed morphodynamic features (e.g., nearshore bars), the method used here provides an accessible and accurate approach to classify beach into major states at large spatial scales. As beach type can be used as a surrogate for biodiversity, environmental sensitivity and touristic preferences, the method may aid management in the identification of priority areas for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Herminio Checon
- Departament of Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Departament of Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme N. Corte
- Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicole Malinconico
- Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Gerhardinger LC, Holzkämper E, de Andrade MM, Corrêa MR, Turra A. Envisioning ocean governability transformations through network-based marine spatial planning. Marit Stud 2022; 21:131-152. [PMID: 35299647 PMCID: PMC8731209 DOI: 10.1007/s40152-021-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The globally accelerating environmental crisis calls for radical changes in the governance of ocean resources towards a more sustainable and socially equitable world. Transdisciplinary sustainability research and networked knowledge-to-action approaches are critical parts of this change. The effective application of such approaches still puzzles social actors (individuals and networks) willing to act in more transformative ways. We conducted twelve participatory network mapping activities to assess the perception of high-level federal government institutional entrepreneurs on the structure and dynamics of an emerging socio-political arena for marine spatial planning (MSP) in Brazil. Our informants, mostly cognizant of their own intra-governmental structures, anticipate the MSP arena to remain self-enclosed, with changes only occurring within the federal government structures in the coming years. Their perceptions were largely conservative, narrow, and unambitious and therefore unfit to generate regime transformations. The limited awareness of response capacities beyond the federal government potentially leads to the endurement of the low performance already present in the MSP arena. Results from the participatory network mapping informed a five-step functional ocean governability analysis pointing to key potential contributions to support a critical turn in MSP: 1. envision situated interactional narratives to leverage regime shifts; 2. build a shared understanding of and anticipating transformative coevolutionary dynamics; 3. build awareness of the potential synergies among disparate but innovative area-based responses; 4. specify inter-network-based limitations and the necessary changes underpinning potential leaps in performance levels of ocean governance orders; 5. make power asymmetries explicit to stir structurally tailored strategic action by less influential groups. We discuss the potential role of inter-network strategies and actions and how they may confront the symptoms of depoliticized MSP pathways and the risks of it becoming an instrument of further marginalisation and power asymmetry in Brazil. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40152-021-00250-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120 Brazil
| | - Eike Holzkämper
- Social Sciences Department, Social Ecological Systems Analysis Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstr. 6, Annexe, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mariana Martins de Andrade
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120 Brazil
| | - Marina Ribeiro Corrêa
- Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-120 Brazil
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Shah Esmaeili Y, N. Corte G, Checon HH, G. Bilatto C, Lefcheck JS, Zacagnini Amaral AC, Turra A. Revealing the drivers of taxonomic and functional diversity of nearshore fish assemblages: Implications for conservation priorities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brasil
- Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brasil
| | - Guilherme N. Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brasil
- Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia Universidade do Vale do Itajaí Itajaí Brasil
| | - Helio H. Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brasil
| | - Carla G. Bilatto
- Iniciação Científica Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brasil
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network MarineGEO Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland USA
| | | | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brasil
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14
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Longo R, Padovani R, Bertocchi L, De Denaro M, Milotti E, Rigon L, Valenti M, Sartor G, de Crescenzo S, Strigari L, Mascaro L, Turra A, Mazzocchi S, Torresin A, Pignoli E, Guidi G, De Ponti E, Brambilla M, Paiusco M, Diliberto R, Traino A, Soriani A, Buonamici FB, Stasi M, Trianni A, Scalchi P, Cavedon C, Francescon P, Ropolo R, Hrsak H. Training for the future: 8 years of Master of Advanced Studies in medical physics in Trieste. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Tonini E, Panareo S, Longo M, Longo L, Urso L, Caracciolo M, Uccelli L, Cittanti C, Turra A, Bartolomei M. PRRT for patients with neuroendocrine tumor: how does the reduction in the number of SPECT CT studies affect tumor and OAR dosimetry? Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Tonini E, Panareo S, Longo M, Longo L, Urso L, Caracciolo M, Uccelli L, Cittanti C, Turra A, Bartolomei M. PRRT in patients with neuroendocrine tumor: preliminary results of OAR dosimetry and dose-response relationship for NET hepatic metastases. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Agostini L, Moreira JCF, Bendia AG, Kmit MCP, Waters LG, Santana MFM, Sumida PYG, Turra A, Pellizari VH. Deep-sea plastisphere: Long-term colonization by plastic-associated bacterial and archaeal communities in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148335. [PMID: 34174607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is a global concern because of continuous release into the oceans over the last several decades. Although recent studies have made efforts to characterize the so-called plastisphere, or microbial community inhabiting plastic substrates, it is not clear whether the plastisphere is defined as a core community or as a random attachment of microbial cells. Likewise, little is known about the influence of the deep-sea environment on the plastisphere. In our experimental study, we evaluated the microbial colonization on polypropylene pellets and two types of plastic bags: regular high density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE with the oxo-biodegradable additive BDA. Gravel was used as control. Samples were deployed at three sites at 3300 m depth in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean and left for microbial colonization for 719 days. For microbial communities analysis, DNA was extracted from the biofilm on plastic and gravel substrates, and then the 16S rRNA was sequenced through the Illumina Miseq platform. Cultivation was performed to isolate strains from the plastic and gravel substrates. Substrate type strongly influenced the microbial composition and structure, while no difference between sites was detected. Although several taxa were shared among plastics, we observed some groups specific for each plastic substrate. These communities comprised taxa previously reported from both epipelagic zones and deep-sea benthic ecosystems. The core microbiome (microbial taxa shared by all plastic substrates) was exclusively composed by low abundance taxa, with some members well-described in the plastisphere and with known plastic-degradation capabilities. Additionally, we obtained bacterial strains that have been previously reported inhabiting plastic substrates and/or degrading hydrocarbon compounds, which corroborates our metabarcoding data and suggests the presence of microbial members potentially active and involved with degradation of these plastics in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Agostini
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Gonçalves Bendia
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Pezzo Kmit
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Linda Gwen Waters
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Vivian Helena Pellizari
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
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18
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Bettim M, Krelling AP, Di Domenico M, Cornwell TO, Turra A. Daily environmental variation influences temporal patterns of marine debris deposition along an estuarine outlet in southern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112859. [PMID: 34418710 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of short-term (daily) variation in environmental conditions (rainfall, wind, tide, river flow) on debris accumulation was examined on two beaches at an estuarine outlet. Sampling occurred over 60 consecutive days along two sections (Internal Area, IA; and External Area, EA) of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex's southern outlet, in Paraná, southern Brazil. The IA is sheltered from direct wave action, whereas the EA is more exposed to wave and wind action from the open ocean. The IA accounted for 71% of the total debris, while the EA accounted for 29%. Debris abundance was highest after intermediate bouts of rainfall, although river flow only affected debris accumulation in the IA. Wind and tide influenced accumulation differently across sites. These results highlight the importance of short-term variation in the accumulation of marine debris on sandy beaches, which should be considered when designing and monitoring assessment programs and removal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bettim
- Postgraduate Program in Coastal and Oceanic Systems, Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Federal University of Paraná, Av Beira Mar, s / n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Allan Paul Krelling
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Campus Paranaguá, Department of Environment, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues, 453, 83215-750 Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Universidade Federal do Paraná | UFPR Center for Marine Studies, Pontal do Paraná, State of Paraná 83255-000, Brazil
| | - Tomas Oliver Cornwell
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IOUSP), Oceanographic Square, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Laurino IRA, Turra A. The threat of freshwater input on sandy beaches: A small-scale approach to assess macrofaunal changes related to salinity reduction. Mar Environ Res 2021; 171:105459. [PMID: 34478970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased rainfall has become a key threat in recent decades for subtropical coastal regions. On sandy beaches that are associated with streams and rivers, the intensification of freshwater inputs is expected to reduce the salinity of interstitial waters and affect benthic biodiversity. Large freshwater gradients are promoted by river mouths and also change beach morphodynamic and sediment organic contents, which are covariates that have hindered the understanding of salinity-specific effects on benthic species in previous studies. Here, we aimed to assess how salinity reduction affects macrobenthic communities at small spatial scales to control the effects of environmental covariates. We assessed the macrofaunal spatial changes across few-meters gradients of freshwater influence (30 m) that were promoted by small streams (~2 m wide) within three subtropical beaches in southeastern Brazil. Our results showed that salinity was the only environmental factor that explained the macrofaunal variations across such small-scale gradients. We noted that salinity reductions decrease the overall macrobenthic abundance and richness in the first 15 m close to streams. Such variations are associated with changes in polychaete abundance (mainly Scolelepis squamata), which form larger patches with 1200-2800 individuals/m2 only at sites with high salinity (greater than 25). We also found that a salinity reduction from 33 to 20 may promote a decrease of 85% in polychaete abundance near the streams. Nevertheless, salinity reductions did not affect crustacea abundance across the gradient. In the current global change context, these results suggest that freshwater input has great potential to impact polychaete patches, reduce macrobenthic biomass and secondary production and thus threaten important beach functions and services, such as bioturbation and food provision for the top predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R A Laurino
- Oceanographic Institute - University of São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute - University of São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Fonseca Rech T, Teshima Soto GA, Turra A. Species with insufficient data and red lists: The dilemma of the beach trigonal clam Tivela mactroides. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Gonçalves LR, Fidelman P, Turra A, Young O. Correction: The Dynamics of Multiscale Institutional Complexes: the Case of the São Paulo Macrometropolitan Region. Environ Manage 2021; 67:119. [PMID: 33474618 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra R Gonçalves
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Fidelman
- Centre for Policy Futures, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oran Young
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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22
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Gonçalves LR, Fidelman P, Turra A, Young O. The Dynamics of Multiscale Institutional Complexes: the Case of the São Paulo Macrometropolitan Region. Environ Manage 2021; 67:109-118. [PMID: 33099670 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of institutional interplay (i.e., the interaction between institutions) is critical if the challenges to multilevel governance are to be better understood and addressed. Drawing on the literature on institutional interplay, this paper develops an analytical approach to examine challenges to multilevel coastal governance. São Paulo Macrometropolitan region (MMP, in Portuguese) is used to ground the empirical analysis. The macrometropolitan is one of the largest urban areas in the Southern Hemisphere; it houses the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo-one of the six most significant in the world. The MMP concentrates critical infrastructure, such as ports, airports, and roads, and considerable knowledge, technology, and innovation hubs. The coastal governance in the MMP area characterizes a highly connected multilevel system formed by 60 organizations (7 international, 29 national, 11 state, and 13 local). These comprised a complex environment featuring a great deal of fragmentation, and, consequently, jurisdictional and functional gaps and overlaps. This case was best described in terms of normative, functional, and political interplay. Interplay management has the potential to improve governance on the cross-level interactions among scale-dependent institutions of the MMP, enhancing synergies, and minimizing tensions among the institutions analyzed. This includes fostering cognitive interaction (i.e., promoting interinstitutional learning and assistance, and enhancing synergy) between institutions with complementary and/or similar objectives. Ultimately, interplay management may reduce fragmentation, improve compliance and monitoring, and increase cost-effectiveness. The findings from this paper may prove useful to other jurisdictions where pressing environmental issues involve multiple governance levels and interacting institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra R Gonçalves
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Fidelman
- Centre for Policy Futures, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Oran Young
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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23
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Gorman D, Horta P, Flores AAV, Turra A, Berchez FADS, Batista MB, Lopes Filho ES, Melo MS, Ignacio BL, Carneiro IM, Villaça RC, Széchy MTM. Decadal losses of canopy-forming algae along the warm temperate coastline of Brazil. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1446-1457. [PMID: 31833116 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The loss of canopy-forming seaweeds from urbanized coasts has intensified in response to warming seas and non-climatic pressures such as population growth and declining water quality. Surprisingly, there has been little information on the extent of historical losses in the South-western Atlantic, which limits our ability to place this large marine ecosystem in a global context. Here, we use meta-analysis to examine long-term (1969-2017) changes to the cover and biomass of Sargassum spp. and structurally simple algal turfs along more than 1,000 kilometres of Brazil's warm temperate coastline. Analysis revealed major declines in canopy cover that were independent of season (i.e., displaying similar trends for both summer and winter) but varied with coastal environmental setting, whereby sheltered bays experienced greater losses than coastal locations. On average, covers of Sargassum spp. declined by 2.6% per year, to show overall losses of 52% since records began (ranging from 20% to 89%). This contrasted with increases in the cover of filamentous turfs (24% over the last 27 years) which are known to proliferate along human-impacted coasts. To test the relative influence of climatic versus non-climatic factors as drivers of this apparent canopy-to-turf shift, we examined how well regional warming trends (decadal changes to sea surface temperature) and local proxies of coastal urbanization (population density, thermal pollution, turbidity and nutrient inputs) were able to predict the changes in seaweed communities. Our results revealed that the most pronounced canopy losses over the past 50 years were at sites exhibiting the greatest degree of coastal warming, the highest population growth and those located in semi-enclosed sheltered bays. These findings contribute knowledge on the drivers of canopy loss in the South-western Atlantic and join with global efforts to understand and mitigate declines of marine keystone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gorman
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
| | - Paulo Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Augusto A V Flores
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Manuela B Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana S Melo
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan M Carneiro
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Villaça
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa M Széchy
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cesa FS, Turra A, Checon HH, Leonardi B, Baruque-Ramos J. Laundering and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings. Environ Pollut 2020; 257:113553. [PMID: 31761586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic fibers represent one of the main forms of microplastics in marine environment and recently were related to household washings as a source. Although other types of fiber, like natural, do not rely under this classification, there is a potential for them to act as a vector of toxic substances to biota in the same way as microplastics do. Consequently all types of fiber have the potential to cause variable ecologic and socioeconomic impacts. In this scenario, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of washing parameters in the emission of fibers on textiles with different characteristics and fiber content: cotton, acrylic, polyester and polyamide. For this purpose individual garments were sequentially washed with and without detergent. Results showed that the use of a detergent reduced significantly the mass of particles emitted from synthetic garments but not from cotton, which, in relative terms, was responsible for the highest emissions. Textile characteristics such as mass availability and fiber cohesion influenced results, where shorter irregular fibers and lower tenacities dealt to higher releases. For all types of garments tested, 10 sequential cycles decreased particles' release, with peaks in three firsts washes (from 37% to 76%). Taking into account a regular washing machine filter, a considerable mass of fibers (from 40% to 75%) was not retained by this device, indicating a potential for improvement. Together, simple solutions as the use of detergents, three pre-washes and superimposed filter meshes, could diminish >53% of this type of pollution. Besides this potential reduction, globally, in one year, domestic washing machines would still contribute with around 15 thousand tonnes of cotton and synthetic fibers. A structured and sustained solution for this problem should advance in an interdisciplinary approach, fomenting responsibility from plural actors, taken in all stages of products' life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Salvador Cesa
- University of São Paulo, Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Institute of Energy and Environment, Av. Professor Luciano Gualberto, 1289, 05508-110, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helio Herminio Checon
- University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of Campinas, Biology Institute, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Leonardi
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Golden Technology, R. Ambrosio Molina, 1100, 12247-902, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julia Baruque-Ramos
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Nasri Sissini M, Berchez F, Hall-Spencer J, Ghilardi-Lopes N, Carvalho VF, Schubert N, Koerich G, Diaz-Pulido G, Silva J, Serrão E, Assis J, Santos R, Floeter SR, Rörig L, Barufi JB, Bernardino AF, Francini-Filho R, Turra A, Hofmann LC, Aguirre J, Le Gall L, Peña V, Nash MC, Rossi S, Soares M, Pereira-Filho G, Tâmega F, Horta PA. Brazil oil spill response: Protect rhodolith beds. Science 2020; 367:156. [PMID: 31919215 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasri Sissini
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F Berchez
- CienTec Park and Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05422-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - N Ghilardi-Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - N Schubert
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - G Koerich
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment and Science, and Australian Rivers Institute-Coasts & Estuaries, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - J Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - E Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - J Assis
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - S R Floeter
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J B Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A F Bernardino
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - R Francini-Filho
- Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58297-000, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - A Turra
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Hofmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J Aguirre
- Departamento Estratigrafıa y Paleontologia, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - L Le Gall
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - V Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - M C Nash
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G Pereira-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 11070-100, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Tâmega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P A Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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McCarthy ID, Whiteley NM, Fernandez WS, Ragagnin MN, Cornwell TO, Suckling CC, Turra A. Elevated pCO 2 does not impair performance in autotomised individuals of the intertidal predatory starfish Asterias rubens (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Environ Res 2020; 153:104841. [PMID: 31757479 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ocean acidification remain less well-studied in starfish compared to other echinoderm groups. This study examined the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and arm regeneration on the performance of the intertidal predatory starfish Asterias rubens, as both are predicted to come at a cost to the individual. A two-way factorial experiment (~400 μatm vs ~1000 μatm; autotomised vs non-automised individuals) was used to examine growth rates, lipid content (pyloric caeca and gonads), and calcium content (body wall) in both intact and regenerating arms, as well as subsequent effects on rate of arm regeneration, righting time (behaviour) and mortality over 120 days. Autotomised individuals tended to show lower (not significant), survival and growth. Elevated pCO2 had no effect on mortality, body growth, arm regeneration, righting time or arm calcium content. Lipid content was higher in the pyloric caeca, but not in the gonads, in response to elevated pCO2 irrespective of autotomisation. The results of the study suggest that adult A. rubens remain unaffected by increased pCO2 and/or arm autotomy for 120 days, although longer term experiments are necessary as the results indicated that survival, growth and calcification may be impaired with longer-term exposure to elevated pCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marilia N Ragagnin
- Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Tomas O Cornwell
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Coleen C Suckling
- School of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
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27
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Claudet J, Bopp L, Cheung WW, Devillers R, Escobar-Briones E, Haugan P, Heymans JJ, Masson-Delmotte V, Matz-Lück N, Miloslavich P, Mullineaux L, Visbeck M, Watson R, Zivian AM, Ansorge I, Araujo M, Aricò S, Bailly D, Barbière J, Barnerias C, Bowler C, Brun V, Cazenave A, Diver C, Euzen A, Gaye AT, Hilmi N, Ménard F, Moulin C, Muñoz NP, Parmentier R, Pebayle A, Pörtner HO, Osvaldina S, Ricard P, Santos RS, Sicre MA, Thiébault S, Thiele T, Troublé R, Turra A, Uku J, Gaill F. A Roadmap for Using the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development in Support of Science, Policy, and Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Turra A, Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS. The effect of ocean acidification on the intertidal hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis is not modulated by cheliped amputation and sex. Mar Environ Res 2020; 153:104794. [PMID: 31582297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) with other anthropogenic environmental stressors on marine biodiversity are receiving increasing attention in recent years. However, little is known about how organismal responses to OA may be influenced by common phenomena such as autotomy and sexual dimorphism. This study evaluated the long-term (120 days) combined effects of OA (pH 7.7), experimental cheliped amputation and sex on physiological stress (mortality, growth, number of molts, cheliped regeneration and startle response) and energy budget (lipid and calcium contents) in the intertidal sexually-dimorphic hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis. Crabs exposed to OA reduced survivorship (46%), molting frequency (36%) and lipid content (42%). Autotomised crabs and males molted more frequently (39% and 32%, respectively). Males presented higher regeneration (33%) and lower lipid content (24%). The few synergistic effects recorded did not indicate any clear pattern among treatments however, (1) a stronger reduction in lipid content was recorded in non-autotomised crabs exposed to low pH; (2) calcium content was higher in males than females only for autotomised crabs under control pH; and (3) autotomised females showed a proportionally slower activity recovery than autotomised males. Although our results suggest an effect of long-term exposure to low pH on the physiological stress and energy budget of Pagurus criniticornis, the physiological repertoire and plasticity associated with limb regeneration and the maintenance of dimorphism in secondary sexual characters may provide resilience to long-term exposure to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marilia N Ragagnin
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
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29
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Turra A, Polverelli N, Corvini F, Morello E, Malagola M, Arena F, Andreoli M, Bertulli A, Farina M, Cattina F, Rambaldi B, Gandolfi L, Zollner T, Buttini EA, Bernardi S, Zanaglio C, Foroni C, Re F, Russo D. PS1540 MULTIPARAMETRIC PREDICTIVE SCORE FOR GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO ALLOGENEIC STEM CELLS TRANSPLANTATION (SCT). Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000564420.21353.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Gorman D, Moreira FT, Turra A, Fontenelle FR, Combi T, Bícego MC, de Castro Martins C. Organic contamination of beached plastic pellets in the South Atlantic: Risk assessments can benefit by considering spatial gradients. Chemosphere 2019; 223:608-615. [PMID: 30798056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are important vectors for the transport and accumulation of persistent organic contaminants in coastal and marine environments. We determined the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) associated with microplastic pellets collected along a 39-km stretch of Brazil's South Atlantic coastline to understand the spatial dynamics and potential risk posed by these contaminants. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1,454 to 6,002 ng g-1 and regularly exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL) for sediments defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sampling stations, spaced evenly along the coastline (i.e., 3-km intervals) exhibited a general north-to-south decline in the concentrations of some PAHs, but this spatial gradient was complicated by small-scale differences in the concentrations and composition of associated contaminants. Similarly, analysis of individual isomer ratios revealed further complexity driven by differences in the contribution of petrogenic versus pyrolytic inputs which pose different levels of risk to marine organisms. PCB concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 104.6 ng g-1 and were dominated by low chlorinated congeners likely to have originated from major industrial areas to the north. Overall, this study highlights the challenge of directly linking microplastic pollution with the potential toxicological effects of organic contaminants in coastal waters. We recommend that monitoring programs should explicitly consider both the origin (i.e., pellet sources and dispersal pathways) and nature of organic contamination (i.e., concentration and composition) when assessing the risks for biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gorman
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hypólito do Rego, Praia do Cabelo Gordo, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro Fontenelle
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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31
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Krelling AP, Turra A. Influence of oceanographic and meteorological events on the quantity and quality of marine debris along an estuarine gradient. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 139:282-298. [PMID: 30686430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of three meteorological/oceanographic conditions - frontal systems (FS), high riverine discharges (HRD) and regular weather conditions (RWC) - over the quantity (Overall Abundance and Richness of types) and quality (composition and most probable source) of marine debris was assessed in sand beaches along three sectors (internal, I; median, M; and external, E) of an estuarine gradient. The highest overall abundance and richness of types were observed in HRD (I and E), while the lowest were observed in RWC (I and M). The external sector showed lowest abundance in FS. Greatest numbers of "domestic" and "sewage related debris" were observed under HRD (I > E > M). Greatest numbers of "fisheries" items were observed in HRD (I and E). For "unknown" sourced items, there was no indication of a single condition with smaller quantities (E > I = M). Results suggest that adopting oceanographical and meteorological conditions for analysis have the potential to detect temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Paul Krelling
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Paranaguá Campus, Environmental Studies Department Department, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues St. 453, 83215-750 Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Li J, Lusher AL, Rotchell JM, Deudero S, Turra A, Bråte ILN, Sun C, Shahadat Hossain M, Li Q, Kolandhasamy P, Shi H. Using mussel as a global bioindicator of coastal microplastic pollution. Environ Pollut 2019; 244:522-533. [PMID: 30368156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity and high bioavailability of microplastics have an unknown risk on the marine environment. Biomonitoring should be used to investigate biotic impacts of microplastic exposure. While many studies have used mussels as indicators for marine microplastic pollution, a robust and clear justification for their selection as indicator species is still lacking. Here, we review published literature from field investigations and laboratory experiments on microplastics in mussels and critically discuss the suitability and challenges of mussels as bioindicator for microplastic pollution. Mussels are suitable bioindicator for microplastic pollution because of their wide distribution, vital ecological niches, susceptibility to microplastic uptake and close connection with marine predators and human health. Field investigations highlight a wide occurrence of microplastics in mussels from all over the world, yet their abundance varies enormously. Problematically, these studies are not comparable due to the lack of a standardized approach, as well as temporal and spatial variability. Interestingly, microplastic abundance in field-collected mussels is closely related to human activity, and there is evidence for a positive and quantitative correlation between microplastics in mussels and surrounding waters. Laboratory studies collectively demonstrate that mussels may be good model organisms in revealing microplastic uptake, accumulation and toxicity. Consequently, we propose the use of mussels as target species to monitor microplastics and call for a uniform, efficient and economical approach that is suitable for a future large-scale monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Amy L Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Inger Lise N Bråte
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, China
| | - M Shahadat Hossain
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Qipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Prabhu Kolandhasamy
- Coastal and Marine Ecology Division, Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, India
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Manco L, Tonini E, Fabbri S, Turra A. 191. Commissioning of a high definition multileaf collimator with flattening filter free photon beams. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Manco L, Fabbri S, Tonini E, De Metrio D, Gulinati F, Turra A. 357. iQA: Quality assurance management software in hospital radiology. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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35
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Manco L, Fabbri S, Allouzi A, Malorgio A, Fiorica F, Turra A. 193. Adaptive radiotherapy in lung cancer: Dosimetric and clinical aspects. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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36
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Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS, Tschiptschin AP, Turra A. Vulnerability of juvenile hermit crabs to reduced seawater pH and shading. Mar Environ Res 2018; 142:130-140. [PMID: 30316461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple simultaneous stressors induced by anthropogenic activities may amplify their impacts on marine organisms. The effects of ocean acidification, in combination with other anthropogenic impacts (apart from temperature) are poorly understood, especially in coastal regions. In these areas, shading caused by infrastructure development, such as harbor construction, may potentially interact with CO2-induced pH reduction and affect invertebrate populations. Here, we evaluated the effects of reduced pH (7.6) and shading (24h in darkness) on mortality, growth, calcification and displacement behavior to live predator (danger signal) and dead gastropod (resource availability signal) odors using juveniles of the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis collected in Araçá Bay (São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil). After a 98 day experimental period, both stressors had a significant interaction effect on mortality, and an additive effect on total growth. No difference in calcification was recorded among treatments, indicating that individuals were able to maintain calcification under reduced pH conditions. When exposed to odor of live predators, crab responses were only affected by shading. However, an interactive effect between both stressors was observed in response to gastropod odor, leading to reduced displacement behavior. This study shows how local disturbance impacts may enhance the effects of global environmental change on intertidal crustacean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Nagata Ragagnin
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ian Donald McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, United Kingdom.
| | - Wellington Silva Fernandez
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Paulo Tschiptschin
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2463, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cruz ICS, Waters LG, Kikuchi RKP, Leão ZMAN, Turra A. Marginal coral reefs show high susceptibility to phase shift. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:551-561. [PMID: 30301073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phase shift, resulting from coral reef degradation, has been frequently recorded on reefs in optimal conditions, while marginal reefs were considered more resistant due to few records. Noting the lack of marginal reef phase shift studies, we quantitatively assessed their geographic extent in the Southwest Atlantic. Using metadata and a calculated phase shift index, we identified phase shifts from corals to both zoanthid and macroalgal dominance. Positive correlations existed between phase shift and local human impacts for zoanthids: proximity to human populations >100,000 inhabitants, urbanized surfaces and dredged ports and a negative relationship to the endurance of SST >1 °C above normal. Macroalgal shifts positively correlated to ports and urbanized surfaces, higher latitudes and shore proximity, indicating a possible link to nutrient runoff. The high frequency of these phase shifts suggests greater degradation than reported for Caribbean reefs, suggesting that marginal reefs do not have higher natural resistance to human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C S Cruz
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Linda G Waters
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruy K P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Zelinda M A N Leão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Turra A, Corte GN, Amaral ACZ, Yokoyama LQ, Denadai MR. Non-linear curve adjustments widen biological interpretation of relative growth analyses of the clam Tivela mactroides (Bivalvia, Veneridae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5070. [PMID: 29967736 PMCID: PMC6026454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of relative (allometric) growth provides useful information to understand the development of organisms, as well as to aid in the management of fishery-exploited species. Usually, relative growth analyses use classical models such as the linear equation or the power function (allometric equation). However, these methods do not consider discontinuities in growth and may mask important biological information. As an alternative to overcome poor results and misleading interpretations, recent studies have suggested the use of more complex models, such as non-linear regressions, in conjunction with a model selection approach. Here, we tested differences in the performance of diverse models (simple linear regression, power function, and polynomial models) to assess the relative growth of the trigonal clam Tivela mactroides, an important fishing resource along the South American coast. Regressions were employed to relate parameters of the shell (length (L), width (W), height (H) and weight (SW)) among each other and with soft parts of the organism (dry weight (DW) and ash-free dry weight (ASDW)). Then, model selection was performed using the information theory and multi-model inference approach. The power function was more suitable to describe the relationships involving shell parameters and soft parts weight parameters (i.e., L vs. SW, DW, and AFDW, and SW vs. DW). However, it failed in unveiling changes in the morphometric relationships between shell parameters (i.e., L vs. W and H; W vs. H) over time, which were better described by polynomial functions. Linear models, in turn, were not selected for any relationship. Overall, our results show that more complex models (in this study polynomial functions) can unveil changes in growth related to modifications in environmental features or physiology. Therefore, we suggest that classical and more complex models should be combined in future studies of allometric growth of molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Turra
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica / Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Guilherme N Corte
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica / Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Biologia Animal / Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonia Cecília Z Amaral
- Departamento de Biologia Animal / Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Q Yokoyama
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica / Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências do Mar / Instituto Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Denadai
- Departamento de Biologia Animal / Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Santana MFM, Moreira FT, Pereira CDS, Abessa DMS, Turra A. Continuous Exposure to Microplastics Does Not Cause Physiological Effects in the Cultivated Mussel Perna perna. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 74:594-604. [PMID: 29352449 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of microplastics is a challenging theme, especially under realistic experimental conditions. We investigated physiological responses to 0.1-1.0 μm PVC particles intake by the mussel Perna perna after a relative long-term exposure (90 days) at a less extreme concentration compared with previous studies (0.125 g/L). Microplastic intake was inferred by the presence of PVC in the feces of mussels, and physiological damages were assessed through ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, growth rate, cellular and molecular biomarkers (lysosomal integrity, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage), and condition index. All physiological responses showed nonsignificant effects of the microplastics on the exposed mussels. We suggest that, despite the experimental concentration of microplastics, mussels were able to acclimate to the exposure through their abilities for long-term recovery and tolerance to stresses. These data have positive implications for environmental health and in terms of human food resource because mussel farming is a worldwide practice that heavily relies on plastic materials, increasing the chances of microplastic exposure and mussels contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina F M Santana
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IO), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil.
- College of Science and Engineering, Australian Tropical Science and Innovation Precinct (ATSIP), James Cook University (JCU), Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Cape Cleveland, QLD, 4810, Australia.
| | - Fabiana T Moreira
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IO), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Camilo D S Pereira
- Department of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, 11030-490, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Paulista State University (UNESP), São Vicente, São Paulo, 11380-972, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IO), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the radioactive risk for surgical staff performing radioguided sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy and to calculate the contamination level in the operating room for assessment of the possible need for specific radiation protection procedures. We studied 20 patients who were selected for quadrantectomy and SN biopsy. The day before surgery a volume of 0.15 mL of 99mTc-nanocoll was injected: the activity was 3.11 ± 0.85 MBq in group A (15 pts) and 11.6 ± 0.6 MBq in group B (5 pts). External radiation to staff was evaluated by measuring the exposure rate in air one hour after radiopharmaceutical administration. The air KERMA rate during surgery was estimated considering the physical decay of 99mTc. Contamination of disposable materials and surgical instruments in the operating room was measured using a contamination monitor, whereas the residual activity in the SN and the injection site was measured with a gamma probe. The exposure rate at 20 cm from the injection site was 0.75 μSv/h when the most radioactive patients (group B) were treated. Contamination in the operating room proved to be negligible. Considering the number of radioguided treatments carried out by a surgeon in one year, an equivalent effective dose of 0.075 mSv was estimated; the recommended dose limit according to the relevant Italian law, DL 230/95, is 1 mSv/yr. Surgical staff therefore do not require a classification of “exposed workers'’ and there is no need to supply the operating room with special containers for radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Motta
- UOA Medicina Nucleare, Biella, Italy.
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Vedolin MC, Teophilo CYS, Turra A, Figueira RCL. Spatial variability in the concentrations of metals in beached microplastics. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 129:487-493. [PMID: 29033167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and microplastics have been considered as threats to the marine environment and the interactions between these two pollutants are poorly understood. This study investigates the interactions between metals adsorbed in pellets collected randomly from 19 beaches along the coast of São Paulo State in southeastern Brazil, comparing these levels with those in virgin pellets. The samples were analyzed for Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ti and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The polymers were solubilized via acid digestion. The highest levels occurred with Fe (227.78mgkg-1 - Itaguaré) and Al (45.27mgkg-1 - Guaraú) in the same areas, which are closer to the Port of Santos. The metal adsorption on pellets collected is greater than that on virgin pellets. In this context, pellets can be considered to be a carrier for the transport of metals in the environment, even in small quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vedolin
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - C Y S Teophilo
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Turra
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R C L Figueira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Salvador Cesa F, Turra A, Baruque-Ramos J. Corrigendum to "Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine environment: A review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings" [Sci. Total Environ. 598 (2017) 1116-1129]. Sci Total Environ 2017; 603-604:836. [PMID: 28668308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Salvador Cesa F, Turra A, Baruque-Ramos J. Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine environment: A review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:1116-1129. [PMID: 28482459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of plastic materials in the environment has been, for long, a matter of discussion. Smaller particles, named microplastics (<5mm), gained attention more recently and are now the focus of many studies, especially for their particularities regarding sources, characteristics and effects (e.g., surface-area-to-volume ratio which can increase their potential to transport toxic substances). Fibers from textile materials are a subgroup of microplastics and can be originated from domestic washings, as machine filters and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not specifically designed to retain them. Once in the environment, fibers can reach concentrations up to thousands of particles per cubic meter, being available to be ingested by a broad range of species. In this scenario, this review adds and details the textile perspective to the microplastics exploring nomenclature, characteristics and factors influencing emission, but also evidencing gaps in knowledge needed to overcome this issue. Preliminarily, general information about marine litter and plastics, followed by specific aspects regarding textile fibers as microplastics, were introduced. Then fiber sources to microplastic pollution were discussed, mainly focusing on domestic washings that pass through WWTPs. Studies that reveal domestic washing as microplastic sources are scarce and there is a considerable lack of standardization in methods as well as incorporation of textile aspects in experimental design. Knowledge gaps include laundry parameters (e.g., water temperature, use of chemicals) and textile articles characteristics (e.g., yarn type, fabric structure) orchestrated by consumers' choice. The lack of information on the coverage and efficiency of sewage treatment systems to remove textile fibers also prevent a global understanding of such sources. The search of alternatives and applicable solutions should come from an integrated, synergic and global perspective, of both environmental and textile area, which still need to be fostered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Salvador Cesa
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, Praca do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julia Baruque-Ramos
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Fisner M, Majer A, Taniguchi S, Bícego M, Turra A, Gorman D. Colour spectrum and resin-type determine the concentration and composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plastic pellets. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 122:323-330. [PMID: 28679482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the concentration and composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plastic pellets, collected from sandy beaches and considered different resin and colour tones. Results showed that polyethylene pellets, while displaying a greater range of total PAH concentrations did not differ significantly from polypropylene pellets. More importantly, both resin types demonstrated predictable increases in total PAH across a spectrum of darkening colour tones. Multivariate comparisons of 36 PAH groups, further showed considerable variability across resin type and colour, with lighter coloured pellets comprising lower molecular weight, while darker pellets contained higher weight PAHs. Overall, we show predictable variation in PAH concentrations and compositions of plastic pellets of different ages and resin types that will directly influence the potential for toxicological effects. Our findings suggest that monitoring programs should take these attributes into account when assessing the environmental risks of microplastic contamination of marine and coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fisner
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Majer
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade Estácio de Cotia e Faculdade Estácio Euro-Panamericana de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Bícego
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gorman
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santana MFM, Moreira FT, Turra A. Trophic transference of microplastics under a low exposure scenario: Insights on the likelihood of particle cascading along marine food-webs. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 121:154-159. [PMID: 28595982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emergent pollutants in marine environments, whose risks along food-web still need to be understood. Within this knowledge gap, MPs transference and persistence along trophic levels are key processes. We assessed the potential occurrence of these processes considering a less extreme scenario of exposure than used previously, with microplastics present only in the hemolymph of prey (the mussel Perna perna) and absent in the gut cavity. Predators were the crab Callinectes ornatus and the puffer fish Spheoeroides greeleyi. Transference of microplastics occurred from prey to predators but without evidences of particle persistence in their tissues after 10days of exposure. This suggests a reduced likelihood of trophic cascading of particles and, consequently, a reduced risk of direct impacts of microplastics on higher trophic levels. However, the contact with microplastics along food-webs is still concerning, modulated by the concentration of particles in prey and predators' depuration capacity and rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F M Santana
- USP - University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute (IO), Department of Biological Oceanography - Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F T Moreira
- USP - University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute (IO), Department of Biological Oceanography - Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Turra
- USP - University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute (IO), Department of Biological Oceanography - Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krelling AP, Souza MM, Williams AT, Turra A. Transboundary movement of marine litter in an estuarine gradient: Evaluating sources and sinks using hydrodynamic modelling and ground truthing estimates. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 119:48-63. [PMID: 28336209 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris' transboundary nature and new strategies to identify sources and sinks in coastal areas were investigated along the Paranaguá estuarine gradient (southern Brazil), through integration of hydrodynamic modelling, ground truthing estimates and regressive vector analysis. The simulated release of virtual particles in different parts of the inner estuary suggests a residence time shorter than 5days before being exported through the estuary mouth (intermediate compartment) to the open ocean. Stranded litter supported this pathway, with beaches in the internal compartment presenting proportionally more items from domestic sources, while fragmented items with unknown sources were proportionally more abundant in the oceanic beaches. Regressive vector analysis reinforced the inner estuarine origin of the stranded litter in both estuarine and oceanic beaches. These results support the applicability of simple hydrodynamic models to address marine debris' transboundary issues in the land-sea transition zone, thus supporting an ecosystem transboundary (and not territorial) management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Paul Krelling
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Paranaguá Campus, Natural Resources Department, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues St. 453, 83215-750 Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mihael Machado Souza
- Federal University of Paraná, (UFPR), Center for Marine Studies (CEM), Coastal and Oceanic Systems Graduate Program (PGSISCO), Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Allan Thomas Williams
- University of Wales, Trinity St David, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, Mt Pleasant, Swansea SA1 6ED, Wales, United Kingdom; Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, (CICS. NOVA.FCSH/UNL), Avenida de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Fisner M, Majer AP, Balthazar-Silva D, Gorman D, Turra A. Quantifying microplastic pollution on sandy beaches: the conundrum of large sample variability and spatial heterogeneity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:13732-13740. [PMID: 28401387 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the environmental risks posed by microplastic pollution, there are presently few standardized protocols for monitoring these materials within marine and coastal habitats. We provide a robust comparison of methods for sampling microplastics on sandy beaches using pellets as a model and attempt to define a framework for reliable standing stock estimation. We performed multiple comparisons to determine: (1) the optimal size of sampling equipment, (2) the depth to which samples should be obtained, (3) the optimal sample resolution for cross-shore transects, and (4) the number of transects required to yield reproducible along-shore estimates across the entire sections of a beach. Results affirmed that the use of a manual auger with a 20-cm diameter yielded the best compromise between reproducibility (i.e., standard deviation) and sampling/processing time. Secondly, we suggest that sediments should be profiled to a depth of at least 1 m to fully assess the depth distribution of pellets. Thirdly, although sample resolution did not have major consequence for overall density estimates, using 7-m intervals provides an optimal balance between precision (SD) and effort (total sampling time). Finally, and perhaps most importantly, comparing the minimum detectable difference yielded by different numbers of transects along a given section of beach suggests that estimating absolute particle density is probably unviable for most systems and that monitoring might be better accomplished through hierarchical or time series sampling efforts. Overall, while our study provides practical information that can improve sampling efforts, the heterogeneous nature of microplastic pollution poses a major conundrum to reproducible monitoring and management of this significant and growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fisner
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra P Majer
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade Estácio Cotia e Centro Universitário Estácio Radial de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Balthazar-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gorman
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Pombo M, Turra A. Novel structure in sciaenid fish skulls indicates continuous production of the cephalic neuromast cupula. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37523. [PMID: 27876848 PMCID: PMC5120346 DOI: 10.1038/srep37523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a conspicuous and frequent but never-described structure in the skull cavities of sciaenid fish was noted during population studies in an urbanized bay. The ultrastructure closely resembles the cupula of neuromasts, an organ associated with the perception of the environment in teleost fish. The bodies were recorded detached in both preserved and freshly sampled individuals and without associated cilia. Prominent characteristics are acellularity, the elliptic-conic shape composed of stack-like protein lamellas, and a mesh-like appearance in cross section. These acellular lamellar cephalic bodies (ALCBs) were more abundant in larger individuals and showed temporal peaks of abundance independently of the fish size. The conic and lamellar features suggest that the deposition of protein layers follows fish growth, and the bimodality of the size of these structures in individuals indicates temporal peaks of production. These results indicate that these ALCBs are a consequence of the accretion of the cupula of neuromasts at a faster rate than they degrade. Given the novelty of this structure and the increasing records of diseases of marine organisms worldwide, an important question is whether these bodies occur subsequently to some environmental change and whether their accumulation in the skull cavities has consequences to fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Pombo
- University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moreira FT, Balthazar-Silva D, Barbosa L, Turra A. Revealing accumulation zones of plastic pellets in sandy beaches. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:313-321. [PMID: 27476429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics such as pellets are reported worldwide on sandy beaches, and have possible direct and indirect impacts on the biota and physical characteristics of the habitats where they accumulate. Evaluations of their standing stock at different spatial scales generate data on levels of contamination. This information is needed to identify accumulation zones and the specific beach habitats and communities that are likely to be most affected. Standing stocks of plastic pellets were evaluated in 13 sandy beaches in São Paulo state, Brazil. The sampling strategy incorporated across-shore transects from coastal dunes and backshores, and vertical profiles of the accumulated pellets down to 1 m depth below the sediment surface. Accumulation zones were identified at regional (among beaches) and local (between compartments) scales. At the regional scale pellet density tended to increase at beaches on the central and southwestern coast, near ports and factories that produce and transport the largest amounts of pellets in the country. At the local scale coastal dunes showed larger accumulations of pellets than backshores. For both compartments pellets tended to occur deeper in areas where standing stocks were larger. Most of the pellets were concentrated from the surface down to 0.4 m depth, suggesting that organisms inhabiting this part of the sediment column are more exposed to the risks associated with the presence of pellets. Our findings shed light on the local and regional scales of spatial variability of microplastics and their consequences for assessment and monitoring schemes in coastal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana T Moreira
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Barbosa
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gorman D, Turra A. The role of mangrove revegetation as a means of restoring macrofaunal communities along degraded coasts. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:223-229. [PMID: 27220099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As coastal habitats face unprecedented pressure globally, there is a need to better understand how revegetation can fortify or restore biodiversity. We examined the early-stage outcomes of mangrove revegetation efforts for benthic invertebrate communities within degraded mangrove habitats in south eastern Brazil. We followed changes in macrofaunal abundance and species richness within small-scale Avicennia schaueriana revegetation plots over a 12month period. The assemblages of revegetation plots (RP) became progressively more diverse when compared to structural (SC) and blank controls (BC). The trajectory of change also differed with RP communities demonstrating convergence with those of remnant mangrove forest. After 12months, RP had greater abundances of crustaceans (41%) and polychaetes (13%) as well as higher but variable numbers of gastropods and bivalves than both SC and BC. A spatial examination of revegetation outcomes showed that success may vary across sheltered vs. exposed coastal microhabitats. Indeed, subsequent analysis using generalised linear mixed models pointed to a stronger influence of tidal height, than many of the commonly attributed sedimentary variables such as grain-size and organic matter content as determinants of community structure. Given the encouraging results of this study, we advocate an intensification of revegetation initiatives to augment natural recovery, increase benthic biodiversity and restore ecosystems services to degraded coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gorman
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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