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Kawakami Y. Sensitivity of Anguilliformes leptocephali to metamorphosis stimulated by thyroid hormone depends on larval size and metamorphic stage. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111339. [PMID: 36347468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphosis of teleosts including Anguilliformes is well known to be induced by thyroid hormone (TH), although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the experimental conditions needed to induce normal metamorphosis in artificially spawned Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), including initial larval size, TH concentration, and timing of TH immersion. Around 37 mm TL was found to be the minimum size of larvae that underwent successful metamorphosis induced by l-thyroxine (T4); notably, smaller larvae did not show increased expression of TH receptors in response to T4, suggesting that small leptocephali are not sufficiently responsive to TH. Furthermore, successful completion of metamorphosis depended on sensitivity to TH, which changed with metamorphic stage; for example, prolonged exposure to higher TH concentrations led to morphological defects. Collectively, these results reveal that the induction of metamorphosis by TH is dependent on larval size, and that the concentration of TH must be adjusted in line with metamorphic stage to achieve successful progression of metamorphosis. Our findings will contribute to improving production technology in the aquaculture of Japanese eels by facilitating the earlier induction of metamorphosis in artificial leptocephali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kawakami
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., 5000 Higashigata, 891-0304, Ibusuki, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Guo D, Liu W, Qiu J, Li Y, Chen L, Wu S, Wang Q, Qian Y. Changes in thyroid hormone levels and related gene expressions in embryo-larval zebrafish exposed to binary combinations of bifenthrin and acetochlor. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:584-593. [PMID: 32468518 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) and acetochlor (AT) are widely used as an insecticide and herbicide, respectively, which are introduced to the aquatic environment as a natural result. Although the thyroid active substances may coexist in the environment, their joint effects on fish have not been identified. We examined the joint toxicity of BF and AT in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in this study. An acute lethal toxicity test indicated that the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of BF and AT under 96 h treatment were 0.40 and 4.56 µmol L-1, respectively. The binary mixture of BF + AT displayed an antagonistic effect on the acute lethal toxicity. After 14 days post fertilization (dpf) with exposure to individual pesticides at sub-lethal concentrations of, no effects were observed on the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities, while the binary mixtures (except for the 7.2 × 10-3 µmol L-1 BF + 1.2 × 10-2 µmol L-1 AT exposure group) significantly induced the CAT activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and triiodothyronine (T3) level were significantly increased in all exposure groups. The thyroxine (T4) level remained unchanged after exposure to individual pesticides, but significantly increased in the 7.2 × 10-3 µmol L-1 BF + 1.2 × 10-2 µmol L-1 AT group. The expressions of the genes Dio2, TRa, TSHβ and CRH in the thyroid hormone (TH) axis were significantly up-regulated in the 7.2 × 10-3 µmol L-1 BF + 0.4 × 10-2 µmol L-1 AT group. Our data indicated that the binary mixture of BF + AT significantly altered the antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and changed the TH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wenping Liu
- Crop Germplasm Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 136100, PR China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liezong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 100081, Beijing, PR China.
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Cao C, Wang Q, Jiao F, Zhu G. Impact of co-exposure with butachlor and triadimefon on thyroid endocrine system in larval zebrafish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:463-9. [PMID: 27480594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Butachlor (BTL) and triadimefon (TDF), the widely used herbicide and fungicide, are unavoidable enter into the aquatic environment. However, there were limited study regarding to the joint toxicity of these two pesticides on fish at present. AIM To evaluate the potential thyroid-disrupting toxicity and exposed to different concentrations of BTL mixed with TDF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish embryo (n=3) were exposed to 0.01 and 0.05 fold of LC50 from the acute joint toxicity test, of which 0.32mg/L (BTL) and 9.41mg/L (TDF) for single or mixture agents (BTL: 0.0064mg/L, 0.032mg/L; TDF: 0.1882mg/L, 0.9410mg/L; co-exposure: 0.0032mg/L BTL+0.0941mg/L TDF, 0.016mg/l BTL+0.4705mg/L TDF) after 10-day post-fertilization. Hatching, malformation, survival rates and thyroid hormones (THs), genes expression involved in HPT-axis of embryos were measured and detected in control and separately/co-exposure treatments. THs contents were evaluated by ELISA kit and the expression levels of genes were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Hatching, malformation and survival rates of embryos exposed to single BTL exhibited no statistically significant difference from the control besides decreased of high concentration in survival rates. Exposure to TDF reduced hatching, survival rate and increased malformation. The combined exposure to BTL and TDF resulted in greater adverse effects on embryonic development. BTL exposure significantly increased free T3 and T4 contents. Elevated free T3 content was also observed in the larvae exposed with single BTL. Co-exposure of the two pesticides caused greater enhanced of T3 and T4 levels. Furthermore, gene data showed BTL up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, tshβ, tg, ttr, dio2, TDF up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, trα, ttr, dio2 and down-regulated trβ gene. The mixture of the two pesticides caused up-regulation mRNA expression of trα, trβ, tg, ttr, dio2. CONCLUSION BTL and TDF resulted in adverse effects on zebrafish embryonic development and caused thyroid endocrine disruption, BTL and TDF have a synergistic effect on development and thyroid endocrine by enhanced level of thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Fang Jiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Chen QL, Luo Z, Shi X, Wu K, Zhuo MQ, Song YF, Hu W. Dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism reduces hepatic lipid deposition by down-regulating lipogenesis and up-regulating lipolysis in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 217-218:28-36. [PMID: 25985894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypothyroidism, induced by administration of 0.2% methimazole through the food, on lipid metabolism in the liver of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, yellow catfish were fed diets containing either 0 or 2g methimazole per kg of diet for 8weeks, respectively. The results showed that fish fed diet containing methimazole had a significant reduction in growth performance, plasma THs levels and hepatic lipid content. Meanwhile, methimazole treatment inhibited the activities of lipogenic enzymes (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase) and the mRNA levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol-regulator element-binding protein-1 and liver X receptor), but increased lipolytic enzyme (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) activity and the expression of genes involved in lipolysis (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α). Thus, our study indicated that dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism could disturb the normal processes of lipid metabolism at the enzymatic and molecular levels in yellow catfish, and the reduced hepatic lipid content by hypothyroidism was attributable to the down-regulation of lipogenesis and up-regulation of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Kawakami Y, Nomura K, Ohta H, Tanaka H. Characterization of thyroid hormone receptors during early development of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:300-10. [PMID: 24100168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the profiles of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) during development from hatched larvae to juveniles. Two TRαs (TRαA and TRαB) and one TRβ (TRβA) cDNA clones were generated by RACE. The TRαA, TRαB and TRβA cDNAs encoded 416, 407 and 397 amino acid proteins with much higher homologies to the Japanese conger eel (Conger myriaster) TRs than to other fish TRs. In a transiently transfected Japanese eel cell line, Hepa-E1, the TRs showed thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent activation of transcription from the TH-responsive promoter. Four TR cDNA clones, including TRβB reported in a previous study, were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The TR mRNA levels in hatched larvae were determined. The two TRβ mRNAs were present at low levels but there was a peak in the TRαs during the larval stage before metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, the two TRαs both exhibited peaks and expression of the two TRβs was higher than during the early growth stage. This expression pattern is similar to that of the Japanese conger eel. It is possible that thyroid hormones control the early development of Japanese eels and Japanese conger eels through TRs. This is the first analysis of the expression sequence of TRs during early larval stages of Anguilliformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kawakami
- Nansei Station, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minamiise 516-0193, Japan.
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Abstract
Teleosts are the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates, and many species undergo morphological, physiological, and behavioral transitions, "metamorphoses," as they progress between morphologically divergent life stages. The larval metamorphosis that generally occurs as teleosts mature from larva to juvenile involves the loss of embryo-specific features, the development of new adult features, major remodeling of different organ systems, and changes in physical proportions and overall phenotype. Yet, in contrast to anuran amphibians, for example, teleost metamorphosis can entail morphological change that is either sudden and profound, or relatively gradual and subtle. Here, we review the definition of metamorphosis in teleosts, the diversity of teleost metamorphic strategies and the transitions they involve, and what is known of their underlying endocrine and genetic bases. We suggest that teleost metamorphosis offers an outstanding opportunity for integrating our understanding of endocrine mechanisms, cellular processes of morphogenesis and differentiation, and the evolution of diverse morphologies and life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. McMenamin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David M. Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Rakers S, Gebert M, Uppalapati S, Meyer W, Maderson P, Sell AF, Kruse C, Paus R. ‘Fish matters’: the relevance of fish skin biology to investigative dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:313-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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