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Amsalem E, Grozinger CM. Evaluating the molecular, physiological and behavioral impacts of CO 2 narcosis in bumble bees (Bombus impatiens). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:57-65. [PMID: 28666863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) has pleiotropic effects in many insect species, ranging from eliciting rapid behavioral responses such as attraction, to dramatic physiological changes, including ovary activation. In bumble bees, CO2 narcosis causes queens to bypass diapause and initiate egg laying, but its mode of action is not well-understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of CO2 narcosis on the behavior, physiology and immune function of virgin bumble bee queens (Bombus impatiens). We tested the hypothesis that CO2 induces these changes by stimulating oxidative stress response pathways. We found that CO2 stimulates ovarian activation and egg production and suppresses lipid (but not glycogen) accumulation in virgin queens. Additionally, CO2 treated queens were more active (particularly in terms of flight) and performed, but did not receive, more aggressive behaviors compared to controls. Moreover, CO2 positively affected immune function in queens, reduced transcript levels of 5/6 antioxidant enzyme genes and had no effect on longevity. Thus, although CO2 treatment stimulated reproduction, we did not observe any evidence of a trade-off in queen health parameters, aside from a reduction in lipids. Overall CO2 narcosis does not appear to stimulate a typical stress response in virgin bumble bee queens. On the contrary, CO2 narcosis appears to stimulate changes that prepare queens to cope with the nutritional, metabolic and behavioral challenges associated with reproduction and colony-founding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etya Amsalem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Jiu M, Li JM, Gao XL, Wang LJ, Wang XW, Liu SS. Identification and characterization of two phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes from the Mediterranean species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 89:54-67. [PMID: 25639712 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (PHGPXs) are essential enzymes of the cellular antioxidant defense system during insect-plant interactions. However, little attention has been devoted to the functional characterization of PHGXPs in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two PHGPX genes, designated as BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 from the Mediterranean species of the B. tabaci complex. Sequence analysis indicated that the length of BtQ-PHGPX1 is of 942 bp with a 729 bp open-reading frame (ORF) encoding 242 amino acids, and BtQ-PHGPX2 is of 699 bp with a 567 bp ORF encoding 188 amino acids. Sequence alignment analysis showed that BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 shared high similarity with other known PHGPXs. The NVASXCGXT, FPCNQFXXQEPG, and IKWNFXKFLV surrounded the reactive cysteine, glutamine, and tryptophan residues, respectively. Recombinant BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis with whiteflies of different development stages showed that the mRNA levels of BtQ-PHGPX2 were significantly higher in larvae than in other stages. The mRNA levels of BtQ-PHGPX2 were significantly higher than BtQ-PHGPX1 during all the developmental stages. The mRNA levels of BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 in female adults were relatively higher than in male adults. The expression of BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 was induced by the insecticide imidacloprid. These results suggest that BtQ-PHGPX1 and BtQ-PHGPX2 may participate in detoxification of oxidative hazards in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Rhee JS, Lee YM, Kim BM, Leung KMY, Kim IC, Yim JH, Lee JS. β-Naphthoflavone induces oxidative stress in the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:332-342. [PMID: 24136887 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Naphtoflavone (β-NF) is a flavonoid and enhances oxidative stress in vertebrates with little information from aquatic invertebrates as yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-NF on the antioxidant defense systems of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. To measure the β-NF-triggered changes in oxidative stress markers, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) concentration, residual glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, T. japonicus were exposed to β-NF (0.5 and 1 mg/L) for 72 h. Significant (P < 0.05) induction of the intracellular ROS content (%) was observed in 1 mg/L of β-NF exposed T. japonicus, compared to the negative control and H2O2-exposed group. The GSH levels were significantly increased in the 0.5 mg/L of β-NF-exposed group for 12 h and 1 mg/L of β-NF-exposed groups for 12-24 h. GPx, GST, and GR activities showed a significant increase in the 1 mg/L β-NF-exposed group, indicating that β-NF induces oxidative stress in T. japonicus. To understand the effects of β-NF at the level of transcript expression, a 6K microarray analysis was employed. Transcript profiles of selected antioxidant-related genes were modulated after 72 h exposure to 1 mg/L of β-NF. From microarray data, 10 GST isoforms, GR, GPx, PH-GPx, and Se-GPx were chosen for a time-course test by real-time RT-PCR. T. japonicus GST-S, GST-O, GST-M, and GST-D1 were significantly increased in a 1 mg/L β-NF-exposed group. T. japonicus GPx, GR, and Se-GPx mRNA levels were also significantly increased at both concentrations. Our results revealed that oxidative stress was induced by β-NF exposure in T. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
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Nair PMG, Park SY, Choi J. Evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles and silver ions using stress responsive gene expression in Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:592-599. [PMID: 23664472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in many commercial products because of their antimicrobial properties and they are therefore released into the environment from various products. A number of genes, especially those representing antioxidant and detoxification pathways, have potential application for studying mechanism of action of environmental pollutants at molecular level. In the present study, the stress responsive transcription of antioxidant and detoxification genes in response to AgNPs and Ag(+) ions exposure is studied in the ecotoxicologically important model species Chironomus riparius. The selected genes were superoxide dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD), catalase (CAT), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 1 (PHGPx1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), and delta-3, sigma-4 and epsilon-1 classes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The mRNA expression levels of each gene were determined after exposure of animals for 24h to three different AgNP and Ag(+) ion concentrations using Real-Time PCR method. Significant up-regulation of CuZnSOD and MnSOD was found after exposure to Ag(+) ions and AgNPs, respectively. The transcript levels of CAT, PHGPx1 and TrxR1 were significantly up-regulated only after exposure to AgNPs and no significant change was observed after exposure to Ag(+) ions. The expression levels of all the GSTs were more pronounced after exposure to AgNPs as compared to Ag(+) ions. The overall results suggest that AgNPs led to pronounced induction of genes related to oxidative stress and detoxification than Ag(+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash M Gopalakrishnan Nair
- School of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Wang L, Zhu Z, Ma W, Lei C. The molecular characterization of antioxidant enzyme genes in Helicoverpa armigera adults and their involvement in response to ultraviolet-A stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1250-1258. [PMID: 22750691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause oxidative stress in insects. To gain insight into the roles of different antioxidant enzymes of Helicoverpa armigera adults in response to oxidative stress caused by UV-A at a molecular level, three antioxidant enzyme genes [encoding copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were cloned. The deduced amino acid sequences of these genes are similar to that of other insects. In addition, the expression profiles of genes from a classic antioxidant defense system, comprising Cu/ZnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), CAT, thioredoxin peroxidase, GPX and glutathione-S-transferase, were also determined. The results indicated that all antioxidant enzyme genes (except MnSOD in females) were significantly upregulated at certain time points (from 30 to 90min) in both male and female adults of H. armigera following UV-A radiation. We also found that longer periods of radiation exposure did not yield higher levels of mRNA expression. Furthermore, changes of determined physiological parameters (glutathione, Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD activity) were basically consistent with the gene expression profiles. We therefore infer that the different antioxidant enzymes of H. armigera act in a coordinated manner at the transcriptional level against oxidative stress caused by UV-A radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Nair PMG, Park SY, Choi J. Characterization and expression analysis of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase cDNA from Chironomus riparius on exposure to cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xu Q, Zou Q, Zheng H, Zhang F, Tang B, Wang S. Three heat shock proteins from Spodoptera exigua: Gene cloning, characterization and comparative stress response during heat and cold shocks. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Molecular cloning and oxidative stress response of a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chan MMY, Choi SYC, Chan QWT, Li P, Guarna MM, Foster LJ. Proteome profile and lentiviral transduction of cultured honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) cells. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 19:653-658. [PMID: 20546039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) play a vital role in agriculture as pollinators, and serve as model organisms of social behaviour and immunity. The lack of both immortalized cell lines and methods to introduce recombinant DNA reliably into primary cells hinders cellular and molecular studies in this organism. We hereby demonstrate the expression of a GFP gene delivered by lentivirus transduction to cultured embryonic cells. The success of this approach indicates that viral transduction could be used to deliver constitutively active oncogenes in order to immortalize honey bee cells. We were able to revive cells successfully after several months of cryogenic storage and we show how the proteome varies between freshly collected and cultured embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Y Chan
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Shi LG, Xun WJ, Yue WB, Zhang CX, Ren YS, Wang Q, Wu XY, Shi L, Yang RJ, Lei FL. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:316-26. [PMID: 20582224 PMCID: PMC2892295 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA244-246, two potential start codons ATG20-22 and ATG108-110, a polyadenylation signal AATAAA813-818 and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) motif AUGA688-691, UGA729-731 and AAA703-705. As a selenoprotein, the active-site motifs and GPx family signature motifs LAFPCNQF101-108 and WNFEK165-170 were also found. The order of PHGPx mRNA expression levels was: testes >> heart > brain > epididymis > kidney > liver > lung > spleen > muscle. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed similar expression differences in different age testes, with high expression levels during adolescence. Immunofluorescence results suggested that PHGPx mainly expressed in Leydig cells and spermatids in mature goat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-guang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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